Complete Streets and Environmental Justice

Of Select Honolulu NeighborhoodsAlan Fujimori: SSFM International Inc.

Senior Planner

Civil Rights Symposium for Hawaii TransportationAirport Convention Center

January 28, 2015

Complete Streets: Urban vs. Suburban Neighborhoods

SUBURBAN URBAN

Shorter travel times

More bus service

Higher residential densities

Higher Land Values

Longer travel times

Less bus service

Lower residential densities

Lower Land Values

SUBURBAN URBAN

Complete Streets: Urban vs. Suburban Neighborhoods

Complete Streets: Urban vs Suburban Differences

Ocean PointEwa

Mililani

KalihiLiliha

Makiki, 55.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

DU/Acre of Residential Use

Ocean PointEwa

Mililani

KalihiLiliha

Makiki

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Mean Travel Time to Work

Ocean Point

EwaMililani

Kalihi

Liliha Makiki

$-

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

Property Value per Acre

Ocean Point

Ewa

MililaniKalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Number of Bus Routes

Complete Streets: Age

Ocean Point

Ewa Mililani Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Population 65 and Older

Ocean Point

Ewa

MililaniKalihi

LilihaMakiki

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Population Under 18

Complete Streets: Households

Ocean Point

Ewa

Mililani

Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%Population Below Poverty Level

Ocean Point

Ewa

Mililani

Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0Average HH Size

Ocean Point

Ewa Mililani

Kalihi

LilihaMakiki

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5Vehicles per HH

Ocean Point

EwaMililani

KalihiLiliha Makiki

$-

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

Property Value per Acre

Complete Streets: Home to Work Travel Modes

Car, truck, or van, 89%

Public Transportation, 4%

Motorcycle, 3% Bicycle, 1%

Walked, 0%

Other means, 1%

Worked at home, 1%

Ocean Point

Car, truck, or van, 84%

Public Transportation,

12%

Motorcycle, 0%

Bicycle, 0%

Walked, 1%

Other means, 3%

Worked at home, 0%

Ewa

Car, truck, or van, 90%

Public Transportation, 4%

Motorcycle, 1%

Bicycle, 0%

Walked, 1%

Other means, 1%

Worked at home, 3%

Mililani

Car, truck, or van, 63%

Public Transportation,

25%

Motorcycle, 0%

Bicycle, 0%

Walked, 9%

Other means, 2%

Worked at home, 1%

Kalihi

Car, truck, or van, 68%

Public Transportation,

18%

Motorcycle, 0%

Bicycle, 0%

Walked, 9%

Other means, 2%

Worked at home, 2%

Liliha

Car, truck, or van, 77%

Public Transportation, 9%

Motorcycle, 0%

Bicycle, 2% Walked, 7%

Other means, 2%

Worked at home, 2%

Makiki

Complete Streets: Land Use

Ocean Point

Ewa

Mililani

KalihiLiliha

Makiki

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%Walk Score

Complete Streets: Land Use

Circulation, 22%

Multi-Family, 7%

Commercial, 18%

Institutional, 8%Parks/Open Space, 3%

Single Family, 42%

Kalihi

Circulation, 21%

Multi-Family, 27%

Commercial, 12%Institutional, 0%

Parks/Open Space, 2%

Single Family, 38%

Liliha

Circulation, 21%

Multi-Family, 60%

Commercial, 0%

Institutional, 0%

Parks/Open Space, 9%

Single Family, 9%

Makiki

Circulation, 25%

Multi-Family, 6%

Commercial, 0%

Institutional, 0%

Parks/Open Space, 4%

Single Family, 64%

Ocean Point

Circulation, 18%

Multi-Family, 1%

Commercial, 0%

Institutional, 2%

Parks/Open Space, 4%

Single Family, 75%

Ewa

Circulation, 27%

Multi-Family, 9%

Commercial, 0%

Institutional, 0%

Parks/Open Space, 10%

Single Family, 54%

Mililani

Complete Streets: Connectivity

Ocean Point

EwaMililani

Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0

10

20

30

40

50

Connection Nodes

Ocean Point Ewa Mililani

Kalihi

Liliha Makiki

0

20

40

60

80Number of Intersections

Complete Streets: Bus Transit

Ocean Point

Ewa

Mililani Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Number of Bus Routes

Ocean Point

EwaMililani

Kalihi

Liliha Makiki

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Number of Bus Stops

Complete Streets: Sidewalks and Bikeway

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Ocean Point Ewa Mililani Kalihi Liliha Makiki

Existing (solid) and Proposed (light) Bicycle Facilities

Ocean Point

Ewa

Mililani

Kalihi

Liliha

Makiki

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sidewalk Facilities

Complete Streets: Pedestrian / Bicycle Accidents

0

5

10

15

20

25

Ewa Mililani Kalihi Liliha Makiki

Bicyclist and Pedestrian Accidents

bicyclist pedestrian

Complete Streets: Direction for Complete Streets

• Promote Efficient Land Use:• Mixed-use developments can encourage pedestrian and bicycle activity.

• Development should be focused around a five-minute walking radius within neighborhoods.

• Improve Pedestrian and Bike Connectivity to Destinations:• Must continue to implement pedestrian and bikeway connections to improve

networks connectivity.

• Potential to improve network connectivity at cul-de-sacs, freeways, rivers and other man-made or natural impediments for pedestrians and cyclists.

Complete Streets: Direction for Complete Streets

• Roadway design speeds should match target and posted speeds. • Wide lanes and shoulder conditions encourage speeding. Road geometry should

be tightened to slow traffic.

• Many of the complete street project being done for City and County of Honolulu are achieving multimodal capacity by restriping of lanes. Similar approaches should be done for State roads. The reapportioned roadway space can be used for other modes of transportation (e.g., bikeways, wider sidewalk, shorter crossing distances). This is especially relevant for rural communities where State Highways are the principal connector and commercial street.

Complete Streets: Direction for Complete Streets

• Highways:

• Local Streets:• Older urban neighborhoods such as Kalihi, Liliha and Makiki have narrow street

networks, so road widening may not be an option to accommodate pedestrians and cyclists. The use of Shared Streets may become a viable option in achieving safer multimodal access.