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Editorial Board

Editor-In-Chief Prof. K.S.Gupta

Editor Vipul Sharma

Editorial Team Anuj Kumar Sharma Gorav Kr.Malik Jyotirmoy Dutta Suyash Bhardwaj Shiv Kumar Nishant Kumar Vivek Kumar Namit Khanduja

Sanjeev Lamba

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Committees for International conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation

(February 11-13, 2012)

Chairman, GTER-2012 Prof. R.D. Kaushik Co-Chairman Dr. R. K. Soni Organizing Secretary Dr. M.M. Tiwari Co-organizing Secretary Mr. Mayank Agarwal Inauguration/Valedictory Committee Convenor Mr. Mayank Agarwal Compere Dr. V. K. Singh (FMS) Members Dr. Sunil Panwar Mr. Namit Khanduja Mr. Gaurav Tyagi Mr. Rajul Bhardwaj (FMS) Dr. Kapil Goel (FAMS) Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS) Ms. Kavita Panjwani Dr. Dharmendra Balyan Mr. S. K. Kashyap Mr. Kamal Singh Mr. Mukesh Kumar Mr. Brijesh Kumar Mr. Rakesh Kumar Registration Committee Convenor Mr. Tanuj Garg Members Dr. Vivek Goel Ms. Manmeet Kaur Mr. Shashank Sharma Mr. Virendra Singh Patwal Mr. Aniruddha Yadav Mr. Kavinder Kumar Mr. Deepak Negi Accommodation Committee Coordinator Dr. Ajay Kumar Convenor Sh. Jaspal Singh (FS) Members Mr. Praveen Pandey Mr. Prateek Agarwal Mr. Anuj Kumar (FS) Mr. Rishi Prajapati Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj Mr. Ashok Kumar Dr. Vineet Kumar (FAMS) Mr. Vipin Kumar (FAMS)

Transportation Committee Coordinator Dr. Ajay Kumar Convenor Dr. Lokesh Kumar Joshi Members Dr. Devendra Singh Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel Mr. Nishant Kumar Mr. Kuldeep Singh Mr. Sekhar Karanwal Mr. Vikas Deshwal Mr. Nagendra Rana Mr. Deepak Verma Mr. Manu Gupta Food & Catering Committee Convenor Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan Members Dr. Rajdeep Malik (FS) Dr. Rudraman Mr. Manoj Kumar Patel Mr. Gajendra Singh Rawat Mr. Gaurav Tyagi Mr. Pavan Kumar Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Mr. Sanjay Verma VIP Committee Convener Dr. Prabhat Kumar (FOS) Member Dr. Satendra Singh (Arch Mus) Dr. Vipul Bhatt (FH) Mr. Raju (FH) Senate Hall Committee Convener Dr. Kartar Singh Member Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj Ms. Verinder Wahla Mr. Pradhuman Mr. Mahesh Mr. Kavindra Kumar Mr. Sanjay Technical Session Committee Convenor Sh. Vipul Sharma Members Mr. Sanjeev Lambha Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma Mr. Vivek Kumar Mr. Namit Khanduja Mr. Gaurav Malik Mr. Jotirmoy Dutta Mr. Shiv Kumar Mr. Apoorv Kaushik Mr. Ashok Bhatt

Publication and Communication Committee Convenor Mr. Vipul Sharma Members Mr. Suyash Bhardwaj Mr. Nishant Kumar Mr. Jyotirmoy Dutta Mr. Gaurav Malik Mr. Anuj Kumar Sharma Mr. Shiv Kumar Sponsorship Committee Convenor Mr. Mayank Agarwal Members Mr. Shatrughan Jha Mr. Durgesh Gaurav Mr. Sachin Kaushik Local Secretariat Convenor Dr. M. M. Tiwari Members Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal Mr. Deepak Negi Cultural Committee Convenor Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma Member Mr. Satrughan Jha Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan Sh. Sanjeev Lambha Accounts Committee Convenor Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma Member Mr. Amit Dhiman Mr. Birendra Singh Patwal Maintenance Committee Convenor Mr. Vipul Sharma Member Dr. Dharmendra Baliyan Mr. Dhanpal Mr. Brijesh Mr. Ashok Mr. Rakesh Mr. Anand Press, Media &Photography Committee Convenor Dr. Vivek Goel Members Mr. Kulbhushan Sharma MrPankaj Kaushik Mr. Narender Malik Mr. Sonu (FMS)

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LIST OF VOLUNTEERS FOR DIFFERENT COMMITTEES

INAUGURAL/ VALEDICTION

1. Shri Ram Vaishya 2. Alok Kumar 3. Bhanu Pratap Pal 4. Vaibhav Pandey 5. Sumit Kumar Meena 6. Abhishek Kumar 7. Rajesh Kumar

REGISTRATION

1. Abhishek kumar 2. Alok Kumar Singh 3. Rakesh Kumar Singh 4. Sumit Kumar Meena 5. Awadesh Singh 6. Bharat Nanoma

TECHNICAL SESSIONS

1. Prasoon Awasthi 2. Ritesh Kumar 3. Ramji Pandey 4. Gaurav Sahkya 5. Ram Kumar Garg 6. Abhay Pratap Singh

FOOD AND CATERING

1. Aditya Pant 2. Arpit Agarwal 3. Akshay Pratap singh 4. Vineet Yadav 5. Ashish Uttam 6. Aniruddha 7. Dushyant Kumar 8. Anurag Uttam

TRANSPORTATION

1. Akshay Mathur 2. Madhur Sareen 3. Kumar Sourabh 4. Mayank Kumar 5. Pranjal Thakral 6. Rajesh Kumar Agrahari 7. Yatin Kareel 8. Imran Ahmad 9. Ayush Zutsi 10. Ankit Singh 11. Harsh Kumar Arya 12. Mukesh Negi 13. Ripu Daman Singh 14. Swetanshu Kumar Vipul 15. Abhishek Kumar Mishra

16. Akash Deep 17. Arjun Gupta 18. Shubham Sharma 19. Gopal Saraswat 20. Dheeraj Kumar Panwar 21. Shobhit Garg 22. Ankur Pandey 23. Mukesh kumar yadav

ACCOMMODATION

1. Vijay Kr Savita 2. Subham Dixit 3. Anuj Kumar 4. Ankush Chauhan 5. Ankit Gupta 6. Abhishek Saini 7. Surya Pratap Singh 8. Gaurav singhal 9. Munna Chauhan 10. Mukesh Kumar Yadav 11. Mukti Narayan Rai 12. Vipin Kumar 13. Vimal Kumar 14. Arbaz ali 15. Sumit Kumar Sharma 16. Akhilesh Tripathi 17. Yogendra Meena 18. Rahul Kumar Nirnjan 19. Tushar Singla 20. Tajveer Tyagi 21. Himanshu Kaushik Ankur Gupta 22. Saurav Tiwari 23. Rahul Mishra 24. Sarvesh Sahu 25. Abhishek Mishra 26. Ankur Singh Chandel

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Acknowledgements

I express my gratitude to Prof. Swatantra Kumar, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Professor Mahavir Aggarwal, Pro-Vice Chancellor, Prof. A.K.Chopra, Registrar and Prof. R.K.Misra, Finance Officer of Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar for the guidance, support and financial assistance received for organizing GTER-2012.

I also express my heartfelt thanks to the Department of Biotechnology & Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science and Technology), Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology (UCOST), Ministry of Earth Science and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for their generous financial assistance. I am also grateful to various companies for having booked advertisement in the abstract book for extending good wishes.

The overwhelming response from scientists, academicians and researchers belonging to international fraternity, in terms of large number of papers received is gratefully acknowledged.

Also my thanks are due to all the teachers, staff members and students of Faculty of Engineering and Technology, without whom ,this conference would not have been possible.

Prof. R.D. Kaushik Chairman

GTER-2012

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It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation

The conference is suitably titled,seriously throughout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such eventthe purpose.

I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city o

I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings are always with them.

Message

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012”

The conference is suitably titled, as initiatives for a greener planet has been taken hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day

and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such event

I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of Haridwar.

I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings

Prof. Swatantra Kumar

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all the delegates in the “ International 2012”.

reener planet has been taken hout the globe. A greener and a pollution free environment is the call of the day

and we can pass on this legacy to the generations to come. It is high time that the youth becomes aware of the significance of a clean environment. Organization of such events definitely serves

I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the event at such a large scale. The conference holds much more significance that it

I congratulate the organizer for their hard work and wish them all the best. My blessings

Prof. Swatantra Kumar

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Message

As the New Year 2012 unfolds, humanity is faced predicaments on many fronts-the economic crisis, worldwide declining fish and crop productivity, vanishing resources and above all, an ecological crisis, most dramatically illustrated by the climate change related disasters that are taking place around the world. These issues highlight the fact that there can be no other way than ‘Sustainable Development’. ‘Green Technologies’ have a crucial role to achieve sustainable development. The field of ‘Green Technology’ encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non toxic cleaning products to re-use and recycling. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovations and changes in daily life, of similar magnitude as compared to ‘Information Technology’ did over the last two decades. In this endeavor, engineers and scientists have a special role to play. All developmental activities invariably lead to environmental degradation. Engineers have to devise ways and means to overcome them and attain sustainable development. Central Road Research Institute, over the past few years has been active involved in several such R&D projects like use of waste materials in road works, Road Traffic and Air Pollution studies in several cities of India which led to the formulation of auto fuel policy, Green house gas emission inventory for Transport sector in India etc. More and more such efforts are required to improve our environment and minimize pollution. This conference being organized by Gurukul Kangri University is a right step in that direction. I convey my best wishes for the successful conduct of the International Conference on Green Technologies at Gurukul Kangri University.

S. Gangopadhyay

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I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the “ International Conference on Green Technologies Rehabilitation -2012”.

The expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormouswill bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, it’s the need of the hour to undertake high time that we take these issues seriously

I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean FTechnology for his efforts in hosting an event at an

I also congratulate the organizerswish them success.

Message

I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is International Conference on Green Technologies

expectation in the field of Green technologies is enormous. If steered in the right directionwill bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, it’s the need of the hour to undertake measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is

these issues seriously.

I appreciate the efforts made by Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Dean Faculty of for his efforts in hosting an event at an International level.

rganizers of the conference for their dedicated efforts and enthusiasm. I

I feel proud that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental

. If steered in the right direction it will bring many changes and innovation in our daily life. Terms like Green chemistry, Green nanotechnology, Green buildings etc have become common words nowadays. Not only this, it’s

measures to replenish the damage done to the environment. It is

aculty of Engineering and

cated efforts and enthusiasm. I

Prof. A.K. Chopra

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Message

It is a pleasure to know that the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar is organizing the “International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012” from 11th to 13th February 2012.

The world is moving on a fast pace. New technologies and innovations make us wonder about the unlimited possibilities of Science and Technology. In this frantic pace of life we should not forget that in some way or the other these developments are damaging mother earth and threatening our own existence. It is our utmost responsibility to preserve nature so that we could safely hand it over to the next generations. It is time we give a serious thought to address the issues like Green Technologies and environmental rehabilitation.

I am confident that the conference will be beneficial for academicians, researchers and students from all over the world.

I convey my best wishes to Prof. R.D. Kaushik, Chairman of the conference and appreciate his efforts for organizing GTER-2012.I once again convey my best wishes to all the staff and students of FET.

Prof. Virendra Arora

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I am pleased to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the Environmental Rehabilitation

Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and academicians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand the significance of these environment related issues.

The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of Haridwar.I wish the conference every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually stimulating stay.

Message

to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri University is organizing the “ International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation -2012”

Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and

cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand the significance of these environment related issues.

The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually

to know that the Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Gurukul Kangri Conference on Green Technologies for

Taking care of the environment is a new challenge which we face and congregations like this helps in spreading awareness about these issues. Not only this, the researchers and

cians through such events, exchange their ideas and work and the students understand

The conference holds much more significance that it is being organized in the holy city of ence every success. I wish you a pleasant and intellectually

Prof. Rajendra Misra

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Message from Convener’s Desk

It is a matter of great proud for all of us at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangi Vishwavidyalay to hold an International Conference “Green Technology for Environmental Rehabilitation-2012”.

As per the recent report by the World Economic and Social Survey 2011 titled “The Great Green Technological Transformation," published by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs ,humanity is near to breaching the sustainability of Earth, and needs a technological revolution greater and faster than the industrial revolution to avoid a major planetary catastrophe. This calls for huge investments and proactive involvement of the intellectual fraternity. Also the United Nations Environment Program is also involved in active environmental rehabilitation activities. Keeping in view all these issues, it is a matter of paramount importance to address such issues on an International platform. GTER-2012 is a step in the right direction.

We hope that this conference will be a confluence of people from diverse streams who will share their research work and ideas to make this planet greener and a gift to the future generations. We welcome all the eminent persons and participants with open arms and wish them a pleasant stay in the holy city of Haridwar!

Vipul Sharma

Convener Technical Session &Publication Committee

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Professor K. S. Gupta Atmospheric Chemistry Lab DST Emeritus Scientist Department of Chemistry

University of Rajasthan Jaipur-502004

Editorial

The primary function of Universities/Institutions of Higher Learning is, in general, to create, to impart and to disseminate knowledge. The Conferences, Seminars, Symposia and Workshops provide live forums for presentation & demonstration of recent findings and interactive in-depth discussion, critical examination and new insight on these. In furtherance of this, ‘The International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation (GTER-2012)’ provides such an opportunity.

It is indeed gratifying to note that the GTER-2012 has received tremendous response from national and international scientific community, as is obvious from the large number of papers received. During the Conference, more than 15 Keynote Addresses & 41 Invited Lectures are to be delivered, 124 papers are to be presented and 295 poster are to be displayed in six thematic sections, viz., Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Environmental Science & Technology, Nano Science & Technology, Plant & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Physical/Chemical Technologies.

Interestingly, newer findings in both emerging and well established areas are the focus of many presentations encompassing topics from nano particles to macromolecules and from environmental pollution to engineering materials.

The Members of Editorial Board have been of tremendous help in compiling this Book of Abstracts and giving it a beautiful size and shape.

Prof. K. S Gupta

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International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

i

DETAILED PROGRAMME OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS

PLENARY LECTURES , KEYNOTES, INVITED LECTURES AND ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Plenary Lectures Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 12:45 PM-01:30 PM

P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research Jai Pal Mittal Venue: New Seminar Hall

P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development R. K. Soni

Venue: Hall-102

P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radiation effect on Human

S. S. Pattnaik Venue: Old Seminar Hall

Theme: Environmental Science and Technology

Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: Hall-102

Chairs: Prof. A. P. Gupta Prof. Pratibha Sharma

KN-1:A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of Propane (hc290) and Isobutane (hc600a)

A. K. Ahluwalia and A. K. Saluja

IL -1:Pollution Abatement through Waste Utilization in Building Materials

Manjit Singh

IL: Illegal Wildlife Trade in India-A harsh reality to know

S K Sagar

IL :Green Technologies – The Global Challenges H. R. P. Yadav

OP-1:Biomass and Biogas for Sustainable Energy Generation: Recent Development and Perspectives

Abdeen Omer

OP-2:Some Plants Used as Fish Toxin in Bhagirathi River

Antima Sharma, L. R Dangwal, Tajinder Singh and Amandeep Singh

OP-3:Air Pollution Assessment Before and After Metro Rail in Delhi

Basavaraja and Puttaih

OP-4:Identification of Bird hit samples through Feather Keratin Electrophoresis

Chinmay Joshi

OP-5:Genetically Modified Microorganism and Eco-friendly Biomass Energy

Dayadhar Dikshit

OP-6:Effect on diesel engine emissions with application of biodiesel fuel Sachin Kumar,Debasish Das,

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M. K. Pathak and A. K. Saini

OP-7:Comparative Study of Indoor Radon and its Progeny in Dwellings Around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, India and its Neighbouring Regions

Meena Mishra, Rajendra Prasad, Shiva Sukula and V. K Rastogi

OP-8:Assessment of Physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga at Haridwar for ascertaining its suitability for drinking purposes

Monika Tyagi

OP-9:Ground water Management using Remote Sensing Data: a Case study

Neha Singh and S. K. Yadav

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102 Chairs: Prof. A. K. Ahluwalia Prof. Prem Raj

KN-2:Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and Green technologies for control of pollutants’ emission

K. S. Gupta

IL -2:Regulatory Framework For Safe Management Of Hazardous Chemicals

R. K. Suri

IL -3:Role Of Industry And Non-Governmental Organizations In Enviornmental Protection & Improvement

R. K. Suri and M. Subba Rao

IL -4:Greener Alternatives to Radiolabeling – Fluorescent Colorants in bio-analytical techniques

N. Sekar

IL -5:Assessment Of Land Contamination Based On Sediment Geochemistry And Dispersion Pattern Of Heavy Metals In The Intermontane Pinjaur Dun, Sub-Himalaya

N. K Saini, K. K. Purohit and P. P. Khanna

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102

Chairs: Prof. K. S. Gupta Prof. A. K. Pant

KN-3:Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green

Rajesh Chandra Verma

IL -6:Global water challenges with reference to Arsenic contamination and mitigation approach

Ram Gopal

IL -7:Biological marker for assessing metal body burden of workers Prone to hazards of metal in their work environment

Rita Mehra

IL -8:Green Technology: Business Opportunity of Global Climate Change

Anurag Singh and V. K. Singh

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OP-10:Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste Disposal at Delhi, India

Nitin Kamboj

OP-11:Atmospheric biopollutants of fungal origin in different educational institute and their allergenic behavior

Padma Singh, Priyanka Chaudhary and Raina

OP-12:Green Technology versus Gene technology Padma Singh, Deepika,Priyanka and Bhavya

Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Hall-102

Chairs: Prof. A. K. Chopra Dr. R. K. Suri

OP-13:Disinfected water for Millions and Development of the low cost Solar Devices for Household Drying

Pramod V. Pathak

OP-14:Bio-Diesel as Future Fuel for Automotive Vehicles

Pulkit Jain

OP-15:Green Marketing: Environmentally Responsible way of Marketing

Rajat Agrawal and Vishnu Nath

OP-16:Electrochemical degradation of Adsorable Organic Halides from paper industry effluents

Rajni Sharma, Satish Kumar and Chhaya Sharma

OP-17:Soil Fertility Management using Spatial Technologies: A Case study

Ritu Nagdev and S K Yadav

OP-18:Treatment of wastewater by natural aquatic plants systems; a review

Satya Narain, S. K. Mishra, C. S. P. Ojha and U. C. Chaube

OP-19:Different Species Based Bio-Diesel Production Sustainability: Scope in Developing Countries

S. K. Yadav

OP-20:Electromagnetic wave Impacts on Functional Ecosystem: Some Important Issues

S. K. Yadav

OP-21:Adsorptive Removal of a Hazardous Dye Tartrazine from Water and Wastewater by Activated Gram Husk

Rajeev Jain and Shalini Sikarwar

OP-22:Assessment of Underground Water Contamination In and Around Shobha Gupta, Ranjana Dixit and Ravindra Kumar Sharma

Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Hall-102

Chairs: Prof. J. P. Mittal Dr. N. R. Munirathnam

IL: House gas emissions from Hydropower Reservoirs M. P. Sharma

IL: GC-MS: A unique Analytical Technique A. P. Gupta

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OP-23:A survey along the upstream Ganga canal identifying the number of drains and bathing ghats at Haridwar prior to Kumbh-2010 and assessing the water quality during Kumbh on the same stretch.

Vandana Sati and Namita Joshi

OP-24:Waste Water Treatment Using Plant Material Vimla Yadav, Neetu Raina, and Rita Yadav

OP-25:A comparison of the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis) between tree cavities and nest boxes

Vinaya Kumar Sethi and Dinesh Bhatt

OP-26:Biodiversity and It’s Economical Significance Vipul Bhatt

OP-27:The inhibition of atmospheric autoxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide by volatile organic compounds(VOCs)

Yogpal Dhayal, C. P. S. Chandel and K. S. Gupta

OP-28:Assessment of Impact of Various activities on Physico-chemical water quality of the Pond of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) along with pollution study of drains joining to the Pond

J. S. Parihar, L. N. Gupta, S. P. Parihar and G. S. Gupta

OP-29:Improve mental health, Control diseases and save Environment by the Cultivation of Ornamental and fragranted flowering Plants in India

S. R. Katiyar and Archana

OP-30:Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus for decolourization and detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent

A. K. Chopra and Pushpendra Pal Singh

OP-31:Bioavailability of metallic contents in agricultural soil affected by waste water at Dehradun city

Chakresh Pathak and A. K. Chopra

OP-32:Electrochemical treatment of secondarily treated sewage-wastewater

A. K. Chopra and Arun Kumar Sharma

Theme: Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-4:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. H. S. Dhami Prof. S. K. Kak

KN-4:New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells

Bernabé Marí Soucase

IL -10:Conducting Polymer Composites based Supercapacitors as Green Energy Storage Devices

Ashok K. Sharma

OP-33:Effect of Electric field on Swelling and Controlled Drug Loading Characteristic of Anionic Hydrogels Based on PEG-b-Poly (NIPAM-co-AMPS)

A. K. Saikia, Saroj Aggarwal, Harjeet Singh, S. P. Sharma and U. K. Mandal

OP-34:Preparation and Characterization of Bi based Ternary oxide Systems

Anoopshi Johari and Anima Johari

OP-35:A Novel Multi-objective Approach for Planning of DGs in Bindeshwar Singh, K. S. Verma,

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Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. B. M. Soucase Dr. S. C. Gupta

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov Prof. K. Rajanna

Emerging Power Systems

Deependra Singh and S. N.Singh

OP-36:Developing an Artificial Intelligence learning technique based PROLOG application for finding optimal solution of TSP problem

Garima Krishna and Khaliqur Rehman Ansari

OP-37:Bio-Thermal Effect Due to Radiation from Broadcasting Antenna

Hemendra Tripathi, Devendra Singh, Shivani Avasthi and P. P. Pathak

OP38:Production of biogas and other products by utilizing waste glycerol

Venko Beschkov and Ivan Angelov

OP-39:Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing Mahendra Singh Aswal and Vinod Kumar

OP-40:On Semi-Projective Modules

Manoj Kumar Patel

KN-5:Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and PBDEs determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS compliance

N. R. Munirathnam, Ch. Appala Naidu, K. Ramaswamy, B. Mahender,R. Govindiah, Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy, Sandip Chatterjee and T. L. Prakash

IL -11:Role of fractals in modelling the natural objects

Bhagwati Prasad

IL -12:Problem of Locating Mobile Agents in the Global Network and proposed Solutions

Heman Pathak

IL -13:Thin Film based Sensors and MEMS

K. Rajanna

IL -14:Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A overview

Manis Kumar Jha, Archana Kumari, Vinay Kumar

and Jae-chun Lee

KN-6:New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy Use:Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations

P. Wahnón, P. Palacios, I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski, J. C. Conesa, R. Lucena and F. Fresno

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Session: 4 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. A. K. De Prof. H R P Yadav

IL -15:Innovative use of waste materials in road works-different aspects

R. K. Swami and Uma Arun

IL -16:Europium activated oxides - Alternative Red phosphors for energy efficient solid state lighting

V. Sivakumar and U. V. Varadaraju

OP-41:Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate Solar Air Heater for different Models

Naveen Sharma, Promila and Sunil

OP-42:Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints

N. Srivastva, A. Mehrotra and M. G. H. Zaidi

OP-43:Technology capacity building for E-waste ecycling:A comparison between the technology used by formal and informal sectors

Sirajuddin Ahmed,Mohammed Shakeel and Rashmi Makkar Panwar

OP-44:Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well Richa Saini

OP-45:A Study of Some Weaker forms of Commuting maps in fuzzy

Metric Spaces

Ritu Arora

KN-7:Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Constant Electric Field Venko N. Beschkov

OP-46:Smart Transport System Sukhbir Singh Sandhu

OP-47:An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design Structure Matrix for Unplanned tasks

Sachin Kumar Saxena and Garima Krishna

OP-48:A Review on the Fuel Cells Development

Sanjay L. Bhagat, V. S. Sapkal, Manesh B. Patil and R. S.Sapkal

OP-49:Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System

Shanthi Sri Kuppa and S. Ramya Sri

OP-50:Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water

Vapour Condensation Shivani Avasthi, Hemendra Tripathi and P. P. Pathak

OP-51:A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm

Anuj kumar Sharma, Vipul Sharma and Shiv K. Singh

OP-52:Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and Communication Strategies

Tarun Dubey and O.P.Sahu

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Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. S. S. Pattnaik Prof. Heman Pathak

OP-53:Green Computing

Shubhi Agarwal

OP-54:Green Computing Vertika Joshi

OP-55:Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector Technology: A Review

V. V. Tyagi and N. A. Rahim

OP-56:Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating Disc Electrode

P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and N. Balasubramanian

OP-57:Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using the exergy approach

S. Anand, A. Gupta, I. Roy and S. K. Tyagi

OP-58:Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using

energy and exergy analyses A. K. Pandey, V. Bajala. S. Sahu, J. P. S. Rajput and S. K. Tyagi

OP-59:Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using physical beneficiation techniques

Vinod Kumar, Jae-chun Lee, Jinki Jeong and Doyun Shin

OP-60:Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase

Induction Motor by Current Source Inverter: An overview and key issues

Shah Alam Malik , S. K. Sinha, Bindeshwar Singh , Deependra Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey and Vikas Shukla

OP-61:Mitigation of power quality problems by facts controllers in an integrated power system: a comprehensive survey

Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar

OP-62:Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery and agent security: a review

Aman Kumar and Shiv K. Singh

OP-63:A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric dispersion of Toxic Pollutants

Ajendra Kumar and Virendra Arora

OP-64:A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials

Nitin Kumar, Nazia Hasan, S. C. Gupta and Vipul Sharma

OP-65:Green Computing for Greener Organization

Suyash Bhardwaj and Poornima Tyagi

OP-66:A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer Detection

Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik, S. Devi and Tanuj Garg

OP-67:Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A Selective Review

Vipul Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik, S. Devi and Tanuj Garg

OP-68:Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Technique

Gorav Kumar Malik, Vivek Kumar and

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Theme: Physical/Chemical Technologies Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari Dr. V. Siva kumar

KN-8:Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and Photochemical Routes to Some Biologically Active Molecules and Molecular Scaffolds

M. P. S. Ishar

IL -19: My experiments with aniline

Gurdeep Singh

IL -18:Green Chemistry in Academic Laboratory

Asmita Gajbhiye, and Shailendra Patil

OP-69:Lead Free Polymers in India

R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma

OP-70:Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified montmorillonite: a study on Sorption Kinetics

Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta

OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites exhibiting colossal Magnetoresistance

S. Panwar , P. Dua, A. Chaudhary and R. Kumar

OP-72:Synthesis of privileged template of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine containing an Isoxazole and Pyrazole nucleus on its 2-position linked through an Oxyphenyl spacer

Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma and D. Kishore

OP-73:A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire and Activated Carbon for a Hazardous Azo Dye- Acid Blue 113

V. K. Gupta and Arunima Nayak

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. Ashok K. Prasad Prof. Chitra Pandey

KN-9:Future of solar technologies: Is electrochemistry the answer?

Anura P. Samantilleke

IL -20:Fourier Transform Raman Spectrum of Biomolecule: 2-Thiouracil M. A. Palafox, Sunil Panwar, Devendra Singh,Chatar Singh, R. P. Tanwar and V. K. Rastogi

IL -21:Use of Iron (III & VI) for various end applications

P. K. Tandon

IL -22:Microgram Determination of toxic aromatic amines - A new method for estimation of p-toluidine

Prabha Singh

Session: 3 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall

Ashish nainwal

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Chairs: Prof. R. S. Chaudhary Prof. Ashok K. Sharma

IL -23:Catalytic Role of Gemini Surfactants on the Ninhydrin – Amino Acid/ Peptide Reactions

kabir-ud-din

IL -24:Phase Transfer Catalysis Strategy to Synthesize and Explore QSAR Model of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-yl) isoxazol-5(4H)-one as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Pratibha Sharma, Ashok Kumar and Prabal Bandyopadhyay

IL -25:A Greener Approach to Today’s Toxic World: Chelation & Microwave technology

A. P. Mishra

IL -26:Green Chemistry: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

Ashok K. Yadav

IL -27:Electrochemical incineration of human wastes in confined spaces: A concept of Green Technology

D. K. Sharma

OP-74:Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences

Ashish Pandey, Balwant Singh Rawat, Vipin Kumar Sharma, Prashant Y. Mali and Navneet Garud

OP-78:A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium Phosphomolybdate

Deepa Sachdeva

Session: 4 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. M. P. S. Ishar Prof. K. C. Singh

IL -28:Density Functional Theory Calculations and Vibrational Spectral Analysis of Biomolecule:6-azathymine

Satendra Kumar, V. Bena Jyothy, Hubert Joe, M. A. Palafox and V. K Rastogi

IL -29:Photosensitizing Efficacy of Benzoporphyrin Derivatives

M. P. Dobhal

IL -30:Search Green Solvents for the Future

Amalendu Pal

OP-75:Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with alkoxyalkanols at T= (288.15 to 318.15) K

Amalendu Pal and Bhupinder Kumar

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Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-10:00 AM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. Monika Datta Prof. Anura P.Samantilleke

OP-76:Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of substituted fluoro pyrazole

Chandra P. Singh,Zubair Ahmad and Sandeep Kumar

OP-77:Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine Sample

Krishna Kumar Jhankal, Santosh Kumar Joram and D. K. Sharma

OP-79:Synthesis, structure and characterization of novel di-oxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having thenil as precursor molecule

Devendra Pratap Rao

OP-80:Synthesis And Chacterization Of Co(Il) Complexes With A New Azamacrocyclic Ligand With Pendent Arms

Sulekh Chandra, Anupma, Ranjana dubey and Garima pandey

OP-81:Preperation , Characterization and Properties Cross-linked Guar-Gum/Poly(vinylalcohol) based Films

A. P. Gupta and Gopal arora

OP-82:Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of various substituted oxo,thiazolidine/oxoazetidine derivatives.

Jagmohan Singh Negi and Harshvardhan Pant

OP-83:Role of Biebrich Scarlet as a photosensitizing material in Photogalvanic cell conversion of solar energy into electrical energy

K. R. Genwa and C. P. Sagar

OP-84:Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT) as adsorbent

D. Chongder, K. Parmar, S. Bhattacharjee and N. R. Bandyopadhya

OP-85:Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition metal complexes derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S donor atoms

Kiran Singh, Yogender Kumar and Parvesh Puri

OP-86:Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica against dental pathogens.

Sanjay, Navneet, Prabhat and M. M. Tiwari

OP-87:Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine

Sanjeev Maken, Ankur Gaur and Jin-Won Park

Session: 6 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. K. S.Dhindsa Dr. Prabha Singh

OP-88:Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its complex with Lanthanum Nitrate

R. K. Soni and Manisha Bhardwaj

OP-89:Novel Strategies to the Facile one pot Synthetic entry of Isoxazole to the Indolin-2-One Nucleus

Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh and D. Kishore

OP-90:Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology Meenu Teotia and R. K. Soni

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OP-91:Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent

Murali Manohar Tiwari

OP-92:Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles

Parvin Kumar, Dinesh Kumar and Ramesh C. Kamboj

OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at 303.15 K

A. G. Peshwe and B. R. Arbad

OP-94:Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of human Exoskleton in Different Age Groups

Poonam Mathur, A. K. Sinha and Ashok kumar

OP-95:Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by Imidazolium Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach

Deepika Sharma and Pradeep K. Sharma

OP-96:The Chemistry of Α, Β-Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient Route for the Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from Α,Β-Chalcone Ditosylates

Raj Kamal, Deepak Sharma, Deepak Wadhwa, and Om Prakash

OP-97:Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural rubber latex

S. N. Mishra and R. K. Soni

OP-98:Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant to Green Chemistry

Seema Baniwal, Suresh kumar and H. V. Pant

OP-99:TLC Enantioresolution of (±) – Naproxen on β-Cyclodextrin Impregnated Silica Gel Layers

Shalini Joshi, Amrita Sharma and M. S. M. Rawat

Session: 7 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:15 AM-01:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. Venko Beschkov Prof. Kabir-ud-din OP-100:Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield

and chemical composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria chamomilla L

M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz

OP-101:pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach

Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta

OP-102:Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at room temperature

Suresh Kumar and J. K. Makrandi

OP-103:H+, Zn++ and Cd++ modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as Catalyst for synthesis of fine chemical

S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar H. V. and U. D. Joshi

OP-104:Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of

Privileged Nucleus of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine Framework Through an Aminomethyl Piperidone Bridge

Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore

OP-105: Isolation of astragalin , a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn.

Rachna Jain and Mridula Mittal

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OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide azomethines

Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve, Rachana Kathal, Pradeep Soni and Amit Kankoriya.

OP-107:Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films

L. P. Purohit, Vinod Kumar and R.Kumar

Theme: Nanoscience and Technology

Session: 1 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: New Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. H. P. Tiwari Prof. S. P. Ojha KN-10:Clay Polymer Nanocomposites: A Novel Material for Oral

Sustained Drug Delivery System

Monika Datta

KN-11:Study of titania films with highly ordered spherical/macroporous micro-nano structure and their photocatalytic activity

Weijie Liu and Haining Cui

IL -31:Bioinspired Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis and their Applications in Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Absar Ahmad

IL -32:Self-Assembled Monolayers As A Form Of Bio-Nano Technology Formation, Characterization and Applications

R. S. Chaudhary

OP-108:Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from Agricultural Solid Wastes and Applications to the Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics from Water – Adsorption Dynamics

Chinnaiya Namasivayam

OP-109:Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants

Manpreet Kaur and Monika Datta

OP-110:Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles

R. K. Soni and Priyanka Arora

OP-111:Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO3: Eu nanophosphors

V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and Sheetal

Pharmaceutical and Plant Sciences

Session: 1 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102 Chairs: Dr. Dinesh Sachdeva Prof. M.A.Abdullah KN-12:Impact of Environment on Chemical Profile of Himalayan

Traditional Medicinal Flora

C. S. Mathela

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IL -33:Biologically active coumarins and their lanthanide(III) complexes Irena Kostova, R. K. Soni and R. D Kaushik

IL -34:An Avenue for Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products Via Selective Nucleophilic Reactions on α-diketones

Pahup Singh

IL: Environment Friendly Processes for the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically important compounds

Ashok K. Prasad

OP-112:Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Thiosemicarbazones

A. K. Halve and Jitendra Kumar Gupta

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 02:00 PM-04:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102 Chairs: Prof. C. S. Mathela Prof. M. S. M. Rawat KN-13:Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil

Palm Empty Fruit Bunch M. S. Nazir, M. Afzaal, N. A. Jumat, B. A. Wahjoedi and M. A. Abdullah

KN-14:Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized Systems

Rajeev Jain

IL -35:Natural Products and botanical Pesticides: A Green option Anil K. Pant

IL -36:Chemodiversity: A reflection on the rich biodiversity of the Himalayas

Chitra pande

IL -37:Studies on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants

R. N. Yadava

OP-113:Pharmacological Activities of the compound isolated from Murraya koenigii

Abhishek Mathur, Rita Kashyap, GBKS Prasad, and V. K. Dua

OP-114:Sustainable Technique for Agriculture

Anamika Srivastava

OP-115:Growth Response of S. Melongena in Three Different Adsorbents Irrigated With Sugar Mill Effluent

Sangeeta Madan and Charu Saxena

OP-116:Chemistry, Safety Profile, Pharmacokinetics and Analysis of Haloperidol in Biological and Water Samples

H. V. Pant, Prashant Singh, Suresh Kumar and Seema Baniwal

OP-117:Anticonvulsant activity of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) Acetamides derivative

Kapil Kumar Goel, Anu, Nidhi Goel Ashwani Kumar and Peeush Singhal

OP-118:Medicinal , Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of Plumbago Zeylanica (L.)

Nisha Sharma and Purshotam Kaushik

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Session: 3 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:15 PM-01:30 PM Venue: Hall: 102 Chairs: Prof. A. K. Pant Prof. R. N. Yadav OP-119:Applications of Polymers for sustained delivery of therapeutics

and biopharmaceuticals

Ramneek Singh

OP-120: Adaptogenic Activity Of The Roots Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd In Mice

Tanuj Joshi, Negi Deepak and Khulbe Preeti

OP-121:Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts of Medicinal Plants

Navneet, Prabhat Kumar, Sanjay and S. S. Gautam

OP-122:Variability in Dendrocalamu Strictus (ROXB.) Nees through Biochemical Traits

Saira Malik and Sas Biswas

OP-123:Study of mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system of Isabgol husk for anti-diabetic effect of gliclazide

Vipin K. Sharma, B. Mazumdar and Prince P. Sharma

Theme: Science and Technology in Vedic Literature and Indian Philosophy

Session: 1 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-12:00 PM Venue: Old Seminar Hall Chairs: Prof. Mahaveer Prof. Ramesh Chandra

KN-15 :Physical Chemistry in life and Indian Philosophy

R. D. Kaushik

KN-16:Environmental rehabilitation through traditional Indian practices

S. P. Ojha

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OP-124:Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach

Suyash Bhardwaj and Murli Manohar Tiwari

OP: Vatavaran Shuddhi Me Vedic Drishti Sudhir Kumar

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Session: 1 Date: 11 February 2012 Time: 04:30 PM-06:00PM Venue: Hall: 205

Chairs: Prof. S. P. Khatkar Dr. R. K. Swami PP-01 to PP-60

Session: 2 Date: 12 February 2012 Time: 04:30 PM-06:00PM Venue: Hall: 205 Chairs: Prof. Sanjeev Makan Dr. Rita Mehra PP-61 to PP-120

Session: 3 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 08:00 AM-09:30AM Venue: Hall: 205 Chairs: Dr. M. K. Jha Dr. S. Tyagi PP-121 to PP-180

Session: 4 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 10:00 AM-11:30AM Venue: Hall: 205

Chairs: Prof. Kabir-ud-din Dr. D. P. Singh PP-181 to PP-240

Session: 5 Date: 13 February 2012 Time: 12:00 PM-01:30PM Venue: Hall: 205 Chairs: Dr. Ashok Kumar Dr. Subba Rao PP-241 onwards and Late Poster presentations

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P-1: Excitement in Radiation Research

Jai Pal Mittal M. N. Saha Distinguished Fellow, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharastra, India

[email protected]

Challenges and excitement of studying unique chemical transformations on blending of High Energy Photons (energy~1MeV) with chemical compounds will be shared. Efforts to study the reactivity of transient reactive species such as e-

aq, H. atom and OH free radicals with molecules of biological interest with ultra Fast Spectroscopic techniques such as Pulse Radiolysis will be presented. Recent studies in pico to femtosecond time scale will be discussed, with their relevance to problems of societal interest.

P-2: Challenges before Green Technologies Development

R. K. Soni Head, Department of Chemistry, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, India

[email protected]

Technology development and transfer to an industry is a big challenge for academic institutions. The attempts are being made worldwide to develop the green technologies with minimum pollution, having potential for recycling and derived from renewable resources. In the present paper different aspects of technology development and transfer to industry are discussed. The stages of technology development have been described and the different factors such as environmental, quality management, resources utilization and time management have been discussed.

P-3: The Myth and Engineering of Electromagnetic Radition Effect on Human

S. S. Pattnaik Educational Television Department

National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research Chandigarh, India

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KN-1: A Capillary Tube Model for eco-friendly Narm of Propane (hc290) and Isobutane (hc600a)

A. K. Ahluwalia and A. K. Saluja G. B. Pant engineering college and polytechnic, New Delhi, India Sachdeva institute of technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected]

The Montreal Protocol recommended the ban on the use of Chlorofluoro Carbons (CFC) because of high Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and high Global Warming Potential. So, in Refrigeration systems CFC12 was replaced by Hydrofluoro Carbon, HFC134a which has zero ODP value because of no chlorine atom but due to its high GWP value (1300), it is also under replacement list by Kyoto Protocol. In the recent years, a Non Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixture (NARM) of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a) is considered to be a prominent substitute of CFC12 and HFC134a because of zero ODP and very low GWP (4 and 7). In this paper, a model is developed to study the performance of adiabatic capillary tube in domestic refrigeration system using vapour compression cycle with NARM of Propane (HC290) and Isobutane (HC600a). This model is based on Stoecker's basic model which depends on fundamental equations of conservation of mass, energy and momentum. The model also uses well-established empirical correlations for friction factors. The results of the proposed model are compared with the existing experimental data over a range of operating conditions. This model is used to analyse the effect of various parameters like capillary tube diameter, mass flow rate, condenser temperature and subcooling on the length of capillary tube with CFC12, alternative HFC134a and eco-friendly NARM of HC290/HC600a having compositions 50/50, 55/45, 60/40 and 65/35 by mass.

KN-2: Atmospheric oxidants, their reactions with acid rain precursors and Green Technologies for control of pollutants’ emission

K. S. Gupta

DST Emeritus Scientist, Atmospheric Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

Our atmosphere is basically oxidizing and the important major atmospheric oxidants are radicals such as OH, HO2, RO2, NO3 and molecules such as O3, O2, H2O2. The photochemical dissociation of NO2 is the key reaction and responsible for the formation of oxidants, OH, HO2, RO2, O3, H2O2, NO3, etc. The atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide/ NOx in the gas phase and the oxidation by O2, O3, and H2O2 in the aqueous phase is the major cause of acidification of atmospheric waters and thereby of acid rain. The oxidation by oxygen, i. e., autoxidation is slow but it is catalyzed by trace metal ions, such as Fe(II/III), Mn(II) and Cu((II), present as impurities in atmospheric waters. The aqueous phase SO2 oxidation is greatly influenced by the presence of NH3, VOCs and PAHs.An overview of the acid forming atmospheric reactions shall be discussed and green technologies for control of pollutants’ shall be outlined.

KN-3: Essentials of Green Technology: Seven Ws of Going Green

Rajesh Chandra Verma Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited, Tel Bhavan, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

� What is Green Technology: Application of the Environmental sciences to conserve the natural environment and resources.

� Why is it required : • To preserve diminishing resources : if the world’s natural resources are distributed, people

in 2050 will only have 25% of the resources per capita that people in 1950 had. • To protect the environment by controlling Global warming

� When : Why it is the high time right now • Global environmental Scenario • Where are we now and where are we heading to

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� Who are involved in the process: • Entire humanity • Role of Business organisations with the rising energy costs and the threat of global warming,

all businesses are now recognizing the benefits of using technology to reduce their carbon footprint and minimize waste.

• Role of Individuals � How:

• Using sustainable building plans i.e. Green buildings • Implementing restrictions on waste • Cut in Carbon emissions to protect our climate system. • Use renewable energy • Conserve water • Recycle materials • Curb Pollution Through Sensible Regulation • Preventing Further Environmental Destruction

� Where is it required most • World Carbon foot print profile

� We, the Global Citizens : Role, Responsibilities and Challenges ahead � ONGC’s participation in the Green Movement: Milestones achieved

KN-4: New approaches in photovoltaic solar cells

Bernabé Marí Soucase

Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain [email protected]

Getting electricity from clean, renewable sources is a necessity in our society that can not be longer extended. On the one hand there is a growing demand for energy worldwide and on the other hand the progressive depletion of natural resources and deterioration of the environment of the planet must be stopped. To meet these challenges energy production systems and in particular photovoltaic (PV) technology has to evolve towards systems increasingly efficient and inexpensive. This talk will present new concepts for the development of a new generation of solar cells (SC) able to meet current and future sustainable energy generation. The new generation of PV solar cells will be based in approaches involving the use of new materials with high conversion efficiencies and low-cost fabrication techniques. Increased conversion efficiencies involve the use of new materials able to host Intermediate Bands (1), luminescent materials for up and down photon conversion as well as dedicated nanostructures (2). Low-cost devices require the use of abundant materials and inexpensive fabrication techniques. Electrodeposition (ED) and Spray Pyrolysis (SP) are well-suited techniques for meeting these purposes. ED is essentially a non-vacuum approach to fabricate high quality thin-film materials for PV modules that could lower the manufacturing costs by over 50%. The ED technique offers the most attractive range of benefits leading to the low cost fabrication of PV cells, such as high rate of deposition, high resolution, high shape fidelity, self purification, scalability and good compatibility with existing processes. SP adds another cost effective step in low-cost solar cells because the transparent conducting oxide layers and/or some absorbers can also be deposited. Both techniques can be implemented on inline PV devices processing through exclusively non-vacuum techniques. Part of these developments is been implemented under NanoCIS project funded by the FP7 framework of the European Union. This project involves 7 universities across 3 continents

KN-5: Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium, Mercury, PBB and PBDEs determination in Indian electronic gadgets and their RoHS compliance

N. R. Munirathnam*, Ch. Appala Naidu, K. Ramaswamy, B. Mahender, R. Govindiah,

Ch. Sudheer, M. R. P. Reddy, Sandip Chatterjee1 and T. L. Prakash, Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), IDA, Phase-III, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, India

1Department of Information Technology, CGO complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India The increased use of electrical and electronic equipments and the high rate of obsolescence of these equipment lead to an increased generation of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste), which has become a major global

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concern in the last couple of decades. For example, India has increased its sales of one of its electronic gadgets (mobile phones) alone from 213 million in 2011 to 231 million in 2012, up by 8.5%, when compared to its previous year sales. India is contributing nearly 12% of worldwide sales of cellular mobile phones. They are expected to reach 322 million numbers in India by 2015 (The Hindu, Business/Markets, page 16, 22nd November 2011). Out of 1000 million mobile phones present in India, 10% of them are expected to become obsolete every six months, leading to nearly 1500 tonnes of toxic materials generation per year, assuming about 7.5 g of toxic materials is generated in each mobile phone. In this context, it is worthwhile to mention that the Ministry of Environment and Forest has recently notified E-Waste (Handling and Management) Rules, 2011, which will become effective from May 2012. This rule is set to assign responsibility to all stakeholders. Restriction of hazardous substances as per European Directive is to minimize the electronic and electrical waste which will have limit of restriction of the presence of hazardous substances such has cadmium (Cd) less than 0.1%, lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6), mercury (Hg), poly brominated biphenyls (PPB), poly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) less than 0.01% each. In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), plastic components are important as they contain catalysts, stabilizes, colorants. As most of the plastics are chemical resistant, it is difficult to bring them in to solution form to analyze. Keeping in view the large number of such components in the growing market, the controlling mechanism requires simple, accurate and cheaper analytical methods. Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) is a scientific society under Department of Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, has recently been accreditated as per ISO 17025:2005 by National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratory (NABL) in the area of chemical analysis of electronic materials (polymers, metals, etc.) for its stste of the art analytical facility established for first time for RoHS compliance. In this piece of research work, Electron dispersive x-ray Florescence Spectrometry (EDXRF), Microwave Digestion System (MDS) assisted Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and AAS with hydride generator (for Hg analysis only), UV-visible spectrophotometer, Gas Chromatogaphy (GCMS) techniques were used to estimate the trace toxicity of heavy elements like Pb, Cd, Cr+6, Hg and PBBs & PBDEs in some of the electronic gadgets. In this contribution, typical analyses with spiking studies were carried out. The RSD% are found to be within the acceptable range including for that of spiked samples. The details of sample powders preparation, sample dissolution, and analytical procedures, spiking & recovery studies were also discussed.

KN-6: New Generation of Materials for More Efficient Solar Energy Use: Quantum Modeling and Experimental Realizations

P. Wahnón*, P. Palacios, I. Aguilera, Y. Seminovski, J. C. Conesa2, R. Lucena2 and F. Fresno2

ETSI Telecomunicación, Univ. Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain 2Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain

[email protected]

The intermediate band (IB) concept has been recently introduced to propose novel photovoltaic solar cell with enhanced efficiency. To realize this principle we have proposed in recent years, on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations, several materials where a metal or heavy element substitutes an atom in a known semiconductor with appropriate band gap, creating inside the band gap a partially filled band. This new intermediate band, allows the absorption of low energy photons inside the gap increasing the photo-current and also maintaining the photo-voltage. We present here compounds derived from different families of chalcogenides semiconductors, mainly chalcopyrites and spinels thin film and layered compounds: - Transition metal substituted CuGaS2 or similar chalcopyrite, where the thermodynamics of formation is seen to be less disfavourable than e.g. insertion of Mn in GaAs. - In2S3 and other sulphides containing octahedral In. The V-doped In2S3 material is particularly promising. We have synthesized it in nanocrystalline form and shown that its optical absorption spectrum has the features predicted by quantum calculations. Recent photocatalytic tests made with it show that the V dopant extends its spectral response down to the IR range without increasing recombination. - Octahedral SnIV sulphide and other similar compounds show also, according to theoretical modeling the formation of an IB with the desired characteristics when transition metals are introduced at Sn sites. The experimental synthesis of such sulphide show optical absorption spectra matching again the expectations for an IB material5. - In Si heavily doped with Ti, the desired IB electronic structure appears if Ti lies at interstitial sites. Such material has been prepared by ion implantation methods and its electrical properties show uncommon features explained by the formation of an IB as predicted by the DFT calculations. We also show that substitution of Si by S or Se, accompanied by hole doping, provides an IB material as well.

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An overview of these systems, including results obtained on them using high level, state-of-the-art quantum calculation methods will be presented. Experimental results obtained for such novel IB materials matching in all cases the theoretical predictions.

KN-7: Microbial Denitrification Stimulated By Const ant Electric Field

Venko N. Beschkov

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia -1113, Bulgaria [email protected]

Nitrate is one of the most severe pollutants, resulted from industry, agriculture and requiring serious treatment. It was discovered that microbial denitrification could considerably be enhanced and stimulated by constant electric field. The nature of this combined effect is still not sufficiently clear. On the other hand this process of treatment could be applied as energy producing one, with electric power generation in microbial fuel cell operation on nitrate reduction by organic pollutants. The present review considers the last achievements and the problems in bio-electrochemical water denitrification and perspectives for microbial fuel cell operation based on this process

KN-8: Green Chemistry: Domino, Microwave Assisted and Photochemical Routes to Some Biologically Active Molecules and Molecular Scaffolds

M. P. S. Ishar

Vicechancellor, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India [email protected]

The paradigm of “Green chemistry” encompasses all those approaches, which are aimed at minimizing and eliminating the use, and generation of hazardous chemicals. This necessitates the development of environmentally benign chemical products and processes, which requires an understanding of the fate and pharmacological effects of xenobiotics, including environmental pharmacokinetics. The green methodology requires development of atom economic routes, making use of less /non-hazardous renewable feed-stocks, reagents and reaction conditions, solvent free conditions, reuse of solvents, use of catalytic rather than equivalent amounts of reagents and applications of a number of non-conventional techniques along with attempts at chemical fixation of green house gases such as carbon dioxide. Domino transformations represent one pot atom economic protocols, whose application along with microwave assisted and photochemical transformations for the synthesis of a variety of biologically active molecules / molecular scaffolds such as novel Benzo[b]indolizines (1) antimalarial and cytotoxic endoperoxides (2), novel cytotoxic polycyclic Lactones (3), variety of substituted and chromone fused cytotoxic Isoxazolidines (4, 5), 1,4-Dihydropyridines (6), Cyclopropane, and β-Aminoalcohol based scaffolds (7, 8) for peptidomimetics, shall be presented.

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KN-9: Future of solar technologies: Is electrochemistry the answer?

Anura P. Samantilleke Centro de Fisica, Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, Braga-4710057, Portugal

[email protected] The current worldwide power generation of photovoltaics (PVs) is above 40GW and the entire industry is growing over 25% per year[1]. There is a potential for this rate at which the demand is increasing, to increase as well. A combination of increased energy prices and fears over global warming are pushing up demand for PVs. PVs offer a near limitless supply of carbon neutral energy that could alleviate both problems at the same time. The efficiency of solar cells has increased to 43% as a result of extensive research during the last two decades, which also brought achieving grid-parity a step closer. Third generation PVs promises to drastically reduce the cost of solar energy even below the grid-parity (~$1/Watt), to less than $0.20/Watt [3]. However, realisation of such low costs involves achieving theoretical upper limits for solar cell efficiencies while maintaining minimum production costs. In theory, as the Figure 1 shows, thermodynamics fundamentally limit the energy conversion efficiency of a single junction solar cell to a maximum 32% under 1 sun conditions [4], which is the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. However, a multi-junction solar cell with an infinite number of junctions can achieve 86% efficiency under maximum solar concentration. With such high efficiencies, the cost-per-watt can drop but this strongly depends on the fabrication technique. Among the techniques, electrochemical deposition offers a wide choice. Electrochemical deposition is often also called "electrodeposition (ED)", and the two terms are used interchangeably. The process is simple; uses electrical current to reduce cations of a desired material from a salt to co-deposit a thin film onto a conductive substrate surface. Electrodeposition has several attractive attributes that make it suitable for low-cost applications, such as (a) the ability to grow functional material through masks, (b) deposition at low (room) temperature from aqueous electrolytes as well as (c) scalability to the deposition of a few atoms or up to large dimensions. The scope of ED for next generation PV is wide open and with increased desire to discover low cost methods of fabrication of solar cells, ED stands out. This work will cover thin film solar cell materials deposited by ED with an emphasis to the fabrication of nanomaterials by ED for PV applications.

KN-10: Clay Polymer Nanocomposites: A Novel Material for Oral Sustained Drug

Delivery System

Monika Datta

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India [email protected]

Modified drug delivery systems recently received great interests because they realized the effective and controlled delivery of drug and minimized the side effects resulting from the traditional drug-dosage form in the pharmaceutical field. There is a strong need for the development of modified oral drug delivery system which could be able to retain the drug in harsh acidic media of stomach, maintain the appropriate drug level within the circulation over a longer period of time and controlled the release of most frequently used drug in order to reduce the multiple dosing and improve the patient compliance. One class of drug delivery system that has received attention in the recent years is represented by inorganic layered materials (clay minerals). Clay polymer nanocomposites a novel emerging class of materials can combine the advantageous properties of biodegradable, biocompatible polymers and medical clay. Clay polymer nanocomposites are capable to accommodate/encapsulate substantial amount of active therapeutic compounds which could be released in a controlled manner. The present research work focus on the development of clay polymer nanocomposites as oral controlled drug delivery systems for different kinds of well known hydrophilic drugs suffering with short biological half life. Different methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of drug loaded clay polymer nanocomposites. To investigate the status of clay, polymer and drug, the synthesized clay polymer nanocomposites have been characterized by number of appropriate analytical techniques. The release profile of the encapsulated drugs shows a controlled release pattern in the simulated gastrointestinal fluids. On the basis of the results obtained, these clay polymer nanocomposites could be represented as modified drug delivery system for oral controlled release of drugs in the pharmaceutical field.

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KN-11: Study of titania films with highly ordered spherical/macroporous micro-nano structure and their photocatalytic activity

Weijie Liu and Haining Cui

Department of Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Zhaoqing- 52606, Jilin University Changchun-130021, P. R. China

Recently, semiconductors have been applied widely in photodegradation of the environmental pollutants. This photocatalysis process utilizing semiconductor Titania shows many advantages. It is one of the most promising photocatalysts. It can completely destruct the undesirable contaminants (pollutants) in both liquid and gaseous phase by using solar or artificial light illumination. In this paper, titania with ordered spherical/macroporous micro-nano structure were prepared by colloidal crystal templating process and sol-gel technology, which consists of ordered hollow Ag/TiO2 spheres, ordered hollow TiO2 spheres, TiO2 inverse opal and TiO2/Ag inverse opal. The sample was characterized by SEM and XRD. XRD and XPS patterns show that titania is anatase and silver is existed as simple substance. The successful preparation of ordered hollow structure supplies a new way for other ordered hollow materials. The titania inverse opal exhibits more obvious characteristics of photonic crystal, which is attributed to the uniformity of the sample morphology as well as the elimination of large area structural distortion. We evaluated the photocatalytic ability of ordered hollow Ag/TiO2 spheres,the resultant TiO2 inverse opal and TiO2/Ag inverse opal. The reproducibility of the photocatalyst indicates the photocatalytic activity of the sample has not decreased in the several reactions. If it can be further investigated and be utilized in practical application, it will play an important role in environment pollution.

KN-12: Impact of Environment on Chemical Profile of Himalayan Traditional Medicinal Flora

C. S. Mathela

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Out of more than 2.5 lakh higher plant species spread world over, approximately one-third are medicinal and their products are marketed as medicines, cosmetics and perfumery chemicals. Of nearly 3000 herbal drugs described in “Ayurvedic Materia Medica”, over 50% of species prescribed in ISM (Indian Systems of Medicine) have their origin in Himalaya. The Himalayan herbs have been part of social, medicinal a cultural life of the inhabitants of this region. The formation of secondary metabolites in organisms is influenced by environmental, genetic, and physiological factors which ultimately contribute to the overall phytochemical profile of plants. We have noticed drastic qualitative and quantitative chemical variations in herbal/ aromatic/ medicinal plants collected from different microclimatic areas of this region. Our objective has been to investigate plant chemodiversity and affect of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors in their formation within the plants and aimed at developing a better understanding of the complexity behind formation, accumulation dynamics, functions of these compounds and their use in the sustainable development of this region. The species investigated include Valeriana, Tanacetum, Senecio, Elsholtzia, Ajuga, Pimpinella, Nepeta, Cymbopogon and Lauraceae species. Ajuga species possesses strong anti-feedant activity and observed to be a rich source of diterpenoids and new neo-clerodanes were isolated. Valeriana, Cymbopogon, Tanacetum and Elsholtzia species has revealed independent existence of stable chemotypes with wide range of chemical variations. Cordyceps sinensis, popularly called as ‘keera jari’ (insect herb), is found in Chhipla kedar 13,000 ft Himalayan meadows, relieves asthma, increases lung function, boots sex drive/ sex stimulant, improves athletic performance (removes fatigue), increases vital energy levels and is more powerful than ‘Ginseng’. Valeriana species (Tagar), has been an ingredient of herbal medicines in Indian systems of medicine used in the treatment of obesity, skin diseases, insanity, epilepsy and snake poisoning. The roots/ rhizome are highly aromatic and Valerian oil is in great demand. Though morphologically indistinguishable, V. wallichii exist as distinct chemotypes. Our observations reveal presence of certain toxic metals, pesticides etc in some of the samples above permissible limits collected from the polluted areas.

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KN-13: Characterization of Biomaterials from Ceiba pentandra and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

M. S. Nazir1, M. Afzaal1, N. A. Jumat1, B. A.Wahjoedi2 and M. A. Abdullah1*

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia 2Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

[email protected]

Lignocellulosic biomass has sustainable properties such as renewable, biodegradable and recyclable. The main structural unit of typical Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignocellulose is fibrous, rod-shaped material and arranged in parallel fashion with deposition of different amount of lignin and hemicelluloses to render stiff and rigid structure. The fibril arrangement is important in determining the intended applications. The contribution of physical and chemical structure of Ceiba pentandra (kapok) and Oil Palm Empty Fruit bunch (OPEFB) lignocellulosic raw and treated fibers and their green composites were studied. Kapok fibers were found to be cylindrical, rod-shaped covered with natural wax-coating giving its smooth surface. The smooth waxy-coating and the air-trapped within the hollow lumen network contribute towards oleophilic characters. OPEFB fibers showed tight fibril staked morphology and inter-fibrillar cavities filled with lignin and hemicelluloses. Both Kapok and OPEFB fibers had similar wax functional group as shown by FTIR spectra at peak values of 1637-1648 cm-1 and 1375 cm-1 suggesting stretching wavelength number in the region of aldehyde, alcohol and fatty acids. OPEFB fiber may have less waxy surface and negligible porosity rendering it weaker oleophilicity. The oleophilic nature of Kapok fibers, purely synthesized OPEFB fibers and their clay composites were further tested by F726-99 (ASTM, 1998c) and column bed technique. Kapok fibers exhibited excellent hydrophobic–oleophilic characteristics which showed their potential use for oily water filtration. With untreated kapok, 99% of diesel in the 2.5% diesel/water emulsion could be removed in the column bed filtration system. Kapok and OPEFB fibers composites have the potential applications not only in oil removal, but also heavy metal removal from wastes. These materials showed weak metal chelation due to the presence of O-H and COOH functionality. The chemical and mechanical properties of composites can be improved further for other environmental remediation and biomedical applications.

KN-14: Electroanalytical Behaviour of Pharmaceuticals in Solubilized Systems

Rajeev Jain

School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India

Solubilization into aqueous media is of major importance and represent an attractive alternative to toxic organic solvents. The solubilization of materials in biological systems sheds light on the mechanisms of the interaction of drugs and other pharmaceutical materials with lipid bilayers and membranes. Moreover, in the formulation of drugs surfactants perform a vital role as their ability to form micelles in aqueous solutions as well as biological fluids appears to be of great importance with respect to pharmacokinetic behaviour of the formulated drugs due to the drug entrapment in the micelles, plasma concentration and clearance of free drug. Electrochemistry in micellar media has attracted considerable attention during the last two decades as studies in such a medium provide a model for membrane-mediated processes. Micellar media have also been used for the redox titrations of proteins, electrochemical synthesis and analysis, reductive dehalogenation of organohalides and for the determination of several organo-chlorine pesticides. Many papers illustrating effects of surfactants have appeared in the literature. From the voluminous literature available on chemically modified electrodes, it is clear that surface modification is an important area of study in modern electrochemistry and any research carried out in this direction will be of great interest especially due to the several application possibilities of these electrodes. Introduction of surfactants in this area of work adds a new and useful dimension to these investigations. It is well founded that very few investigations were made on the role of surfactants in surface modification of electrodes, as can be seen from the meager publications available in this regard. We studied the influence of surfactants on the modification of electrodes with different materials.

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KN-15: Physical Chemistry in life and Indian Philosophy

R. D. Kaushik Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] While teaching science and undertaking research, we encounter similarity in the scientific concepts and the concepts given in Vedic literature in particular and Indian philosophy in general. The striking resemblances made me think over new lines and some of the points are worth presenting. These include atomic theory, atomic models, Maxwell-Boltzmann’s distribution of energy and velocity amongst particles in motion, the life motion after death, thermodynamics in life and Indian philosophy, the atomic spectrum and concept of Kunadalini etc. These points and possibility of further research shall be presented and discussed.

KN-16: Environmental rehabilitation through traditi onal Indian practices

S. P. Ojha Ex Vice-Chancellor, CCS University, Meerut, U.P., India

[email protected] Nature has fixity of purpose on this planet. Earth was magnetized with a view to protect the living beings from cosmic shower. Ozone layer was provided to protect the earth from ultraviolet and X-rays. Only tiny amount of carbon dioxide was provided by the nature on this earth. It is a strong wish of the nature that things must survive on the earth. Therefore, we should follow the wish of the nature by bringing in green technologies through various means. Ancient Indian traditions had always been following methods and techniques which are in one way or other, in coherence with rehabilitation of the consumed resources of nature. We must again adopt those techniques and make them suitable for modern times for securing future.

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IL-1: Pollution abatement through waste utilization in Building materials

Manjit Singh

Environmental Science &Technology and Clay Products Divisions, Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Development of construction materials has emerged with the advancement of human civilization. Building materials which contribute to 70 to 75% of the cost of construction depends upon the locations, namely rural, small town, medium town, cities and metropolitan. The shortage of building materials can be fulfilled by changing the paradigms of building materials use and nature of technology to be adopted. Huge quantity of agro-industrials wastes are being produced per annum of various agricultural and industrial processes in India. The industrial wastes are rich source of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O, K2O, etc. These are potential constituents, which may be considered as the raw and the finished building materials. Many new cements and cementitious binding materials can be produced from these wastes by their judicious selection and combinations. Thus, use of industrial wastes and by products is significant in developing building material components, providing a solution for the problems being faced in the housing industries and also protection of environment. Efforts made towards utilization of different industrial wastes such as waste gypsum, fly ash, slag, waste lime, rice husk, etc. in making value added building materials and components has been described and discussed in the paper.

IL-2: Regulatory framework for safe management of hazardous chemicals

R. K. Suri Ministry of Environment & Forests, Parayavaran Bhavan, C. G. O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India

[email protected] , [email protected] Many aspects of our lives have been enhanced by chemicals. The society is dependent in many ways on the chemical industry to maintain current standards of living and improve the quality of our lives. We look to chemicals to meet our most fundamental needs for food, shelter and clothing. We use it to develop materials vital to advances in biotechnology, communication and medicine. Society has benefited enormously from advances in chemical industry. The rapid growth in the use of hazardous chemicals in industry and trade has brought about a very significant increase in the number of people, both workers and members of the general public, whose life could be endangered at any one time by an accident involving these chemicals. The rapid pace of progress in modern technology allows less opportunity for learning by trial and error, making it increasingly necessary to get, design and operating procedures right the first time. However, safeguards in the chemical industry are not limited to the factory floor alone. Public concern at multiple injuries and deaths from spectacular events such as a major explosion invariably leads to calls for additional controls at national and international levels. It is therefore, important, particularly for projects involving the storage and use of hazardous chemicals, to address both on-site and off-site safety when deciding on the safety measures to be applied. Safety, health and environment in industries handling hazardous materials has always been a matter of concern for Government of India. Over the years, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has created comprehensive legal and institutional structure for management of hazardous materials and protection of the environment which interalia include Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986; Manufacturing Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 (amended in October 1994 and January, 2000), Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), Notification 1994 (as amended from time to time) , Chemical Accidents ( Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response Rules,1996, Public Liability Insurance Act,1991. The present paper highlights the salient features of the prominent legislation promulgated/enacted by MoEF for safe management of hazardous chemicals and wastes under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as well as provisions touching on certain other aspects to storage, transportation and regulation of hazardous substances contained in the Factories Act of 1948, the Mines Act of 1952, Atomic Energy Act of 1962, the Insecticide Act of 1968.

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IL-3: Role of industry and non-governmental organizations in enviornmental protection & improvement

R. K. Suri and M. Subba Rao

Ministry of Environment & Forests, C. G. O. Complex, New Delhi, India [email protected], [email protected]

Conservation, protection and preservation of the environment have been the cornerstone of Indian ethos, culture and tradition. The concern for environment and the need to conserve it have been ingrained in our history, culture, tradition and philosophy. It is also enshrined in our Constitution. Indeed, the desire for sustainable development has been a part of the Indian heritage embedded in the profound respect for nature resulting in a harmonious co-existence of our people with other living beings. However, the pace of development and consumerism supplemented by the galloping population growth, have brought the seeds of environmental degradation. Therefore, environment protection has become a serious concern of our society. The major role of the Government is enacting environment legislation and ensuring their proper implementation by all concerned. The increasing regulatory, judicial and public pressure has lead the industries to think and act seriously on pollution abatement. The conventional End-of-Pipe Pollution Control approach is expensive, space intensive, involves advanced technology and hence, beyond the reach of most of the small and medium enterprises. Also, increasing competition in the market is forcing the industries to cut down their manufacturing costs. Under the circumstances, the importance of Green Technologies/Cleaner Production is being appreciated by the industries, in their own interest. The ultimate objective of green production or cleaner production is to protect the environment and secure sustainable development. With such a broad objective, environment protection necessarily requires the cooperation of many, if not all, sectors of society. Obviously, green productivity focuses on one sector, the business and industry. But for green productivity to be achieved and succeed, other sectors like the government, the community, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the media, consumer groups, schools, etc., must also play important roles. Within the industrial sector, there are also roles for specific sub sectors. Some of the most significant are described in this paper.

IL-4: Greener alternatives to Radiolabeling – Fluorescent Colorants in bio-analytical Techniques

N. Sekar

Dyestuff Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Maunga, Mumbai, India [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected]

The developments in science and technology are today mainly dependent on the availability of highly sensitive analytical techniques, and this is particularly true for environmental science, medicine, pharmacy, and cellular biology, where there have been many new developments in new techniques and reagents. One of the most common methodologies used for bioanalytical purposes happens to be labelling, which can be carried out with radioactive materials or compounds with absorption and/or fluorescence from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In several applications use of organic molecules in non-fluorescent labelling, in the ultraviolet and visible regions has been extremely important. There has been however, in recent years, sporadic growth in analytical techniques based on fluorescence; this area has received special attention and notable progress has been made in both fluorescence instrumentation and synthesis of new fluorophores. Materials with a wide range of absorption-emission characteristics are used in fluorescence labelling. The materials used in this context are semiconductor nanocrystals, fluorescent proteins, or organic molecules. The organic fluorescent materials, especially fluorescent dyes may form covalent or non-covalent linkages with the target sample to be analyzed. The entities arising out of this covalent or non-covalent interaction between materials to e analysed and fluorescent materials called bio-conjugates or complexes which can show fluorescence from short to very long wavelengths, depending on the marker used. Several organic molecules with intrinsic fluorescence are available in the literature for use in such areas. The required properties of these molecules are in general good gradation of fluorescence emission as a function of microenvironment, perceivably higher fluorescent intensities, reasonable photo- and thermal stability, and appreciable good fluorescence quantum yield. There exists intrinsic interest in the development of new fluorophores. However development of newer fluorophores with absorption and emission at long wavelengths is of extreme importance for biological purposes. The organic fluorophoric systems providing fluorescence from the near-ultraviolet to approximately 500 nm include oxobenzopyrans, naphthofurans, oligothiophenes, 4,7-phenanthroline-5,6-diones, benzooxadiazoles,

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dansyl chloride, naphthalene 2,3-dicarboxaldehyde, and 6-propionyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene. Majority of these fluorogenic systems owe their existence in the context of textile colouring materials including fluorescent whitening agents. However enormous synthetic manipulations need to be exercised in order to obtain materials with required performance standards. The organic fluorescent materials having emission characteristics between 500 nm and the near-infrared (ca. 900 nm) happen to be of special interest in this context. Some of them are from the well-known textile colorants as well as laser dyes. However, again several structural manipulations are needed to suit the purpose. The chemical classes comprise of fluoresceins (including biarsenical dyes), rhodamines, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacenes (BODIPY dyes), squaraines, and cyanines. IL-5: Assessment of land contamination based on sediment geochemistry and dispersion

pattern of heavy metals in the intermontane pinjaur dun, sub-Himalaya

N. K. Saini*, K. K. Purohit and P. P. Khanna Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Pollution of the natural environment by heavy metals is a worldwide problem and people are aware of the need for investigation of geochemical anomalies in the environment that arise from natural phenomenon or as a result of human interference with the environment. Although geochemical anomalies, which affect health, occur naturally, humans themselves can adversely affect the environment by the dispersal of waste and indiscriminate use of fertilizers, pesticides etc. The need for a multifaceted study using superficial soil/stream sediments as medium has been warranted for a long time. Geochemical mapping using stream sediments and sub-soils is one of the most widely used approaches adopted for this purpose to represent the abundance and distribution of various heavy metals. Also valley sediments and residual soil, together with overbank/floodplain sediments are considered as the most representative of surface environment in various climates and geological environments and have traditionally been found to be very useful in assessing environmental degradation. Therefore geochemical baselines or natural background concentrations of elements in the secondary environment are needed for environmental legislation and decision making. Geochemical investigations taking stream sediments as medium were conducted in Pinjaur Dun, NW Himalaya to study the spatial distribution of selected metals ( Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Ti), to determine the extent of anthropogenic input. The Concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu show relatively appreciable amount of contamination in the sediments of Jhajra catchment in comparison to Sirsa catchment. Extent of contamination, delineated using geo-accumulation index (I-geo) indicates that the sediments are moderately contaminated with Cu and Zn and strongly contaminated with Pb. The natural metal/aluminum relationships was used to distinguish natural from contaminated sediments for a number of metals and metalloids commonly released to the environment due to anthropogenic activities. Aluminum was chosen as a reference element to normalize sediment metals concentrations as it is assumed to have had a uniform flux to the sediments over the past century from crustal rock sources, and its concentration is generally not influenced by anthropogenic sources. Accumulation of heavy metals with exception of Cu, Zn and Pb show association with silicates particularly the clays, whereas Cu, Zn and Pb are related to some other source other than sedimentary processes or lithological factors, most probably anthropogenic. Higher metal concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu are mainly found close to highly populated areas and industrial establishments, indicating enhancement of metal concentration due to leaching of metals from garbage and industrial sewage. Higher concentrations of these metals are alarming, hence necessary checks be made for efficient disposal of waste from the municipal as well as industrial establishment. The baseline data presented here should be useful for further studies on the metal geochemistry of the sediments and also for assessing health hazard in the area. IL-6: Global water challenges with reference to Arsenic contamination and mitigation

approach

Ram Gopal Former Director, DRDO, MOD, Govt. of India, New Delhi, India

[email protected] Sustained supply of safe and potable water is of paramount importance in promotion of health and well-being of the people. Today world is facing a number of challenges affecting the availability, accessibility, use and sustainability of its fresh water resources. Global studies show a challenging future and a chaotic view, when considering total use and water availability in third millennium.

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India occupying 2.5% of the total surface of globe with 2.45% of the fresh water resources and highest annual average rain fall of 10,000 to 12,000 mm in Arunachal Pradesh is not able to provide safe drinking water and sanitation systems to our all countrymen. Further to problem of excess fluoride in ground water is endemic in 19 states of India covering 88 million people, who are at risk. Depending upon extent of distribution of excess fluoride in ground water in different districts, the states have been classified into three categories – mildly affected, moderately affected and severely affected states. The domestic consumption of water under normal condition is about 135 LPCD as per IS: 1172-1072 and 40 LPCD for human being and additional 30 LPCD for cattle in desert areas. Looking at our domestic consumption of 16.7 km3 in 1985, 24.2 km3 in 2000 and 40 km3 in 2005, we have a challenging task ahead of us. Government of India under National Water Policy approved in 1987 and National Drinking Water Mission has launched a number of multipurpose projects through different ministries, S&T departments, councils, national institutes and universities to provide safe water for drinking, industries, agriculture, recreation etc. The mission aims at finding low cost treatment for problems of arsenic, iron, fluoride, salinity and brackishness, bacteriological contaminations, improving the charges of ground water and wetland systems and developing the traditional water retention structures in hill, desert and tribal areas through use of appropriate technology. Recently (2011) Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC), an autonomous body under DST has also started deliberations under ‘Technology Vision 2035 Programme’ on ‘Water Technologies and Related Issues’ for harnessing available water resources in a sustainable manner. The status of water treatment technologies with specific reference to arsenic contamination developed by various S&T agencies in India and mitigation approach will be deliberated during the conference. A number of arsenic and iron removal plants developed by these agencies have been installed under different projects funded and monitored by Central and State Governments and a large population in the country is being safe drinking water free from arsenic and iron as per norms laid down by drinking water standards.

IL-7: Biological marker for assessing metal body burden of workers Prone to hazards of metal in their work environment

Rita Mehra

Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] In recent times, industrial and technological advancements have resulted into loading all compartments of environment with both non-essential and toxic metals, which is bound to adversely affect human life. To eliminate preventable diseases it is necessary to quantify exposure to metals in the environment and control the work environment in particular. The analysis of such tissues where elemental analysis of such human tissues in which certain trace/toxic metals get accumulated provide a good method of assessment of the metals body burden. In broad sense, biomarkers are specific indicators measured in or biological materials that define an exposure or response to that exposure. Biological material using body tissues such as hair and nail has been used for screening, diagnosis and assessment of occupational exposure to metals, correlation with environmental exposure gradients, pathological diseases, health risks and in forensic medicine. The concentrations of metals contained in hair can be related to various parameters of human life such as smoking habit, nutritional status, period of exposure, disease status, cosmetic use etc. Availability of sophisticated instruments providing accurate results make possible the determination of trace concentrations of metals. This makes such studies significant as there is a need for such data so that concerned authorities can take necessary preventive measures to minimize the toxic effects of metals on the workers prone to hazards of these metals. Monitoring the metal bioaccumulation in the organisms need a strict quality control in analysis. Interlaboratory analysis adds to the reliability and validity of data in biomonitoring of trace/toxic metals. Few details of the observations with respect to these aspects of biomonitoring made in metal exposure assessment studies are being emphasized and highlighted.

IL-8: Green Technology: Business opportunity of Global climate change

Anurag Singh1* and V. K. Singh2

1Faculty of Management Studies, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate into the strategies taken by the Indian automobile sector to face the challenges of climate change.It is a descriptive study. The study is based on the secondary data

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collected primarily from the web sites of the ten leading automobile manufacturers in India. The other sources include research papers published online and journals, news agencies, blogs, news papers etc. It is found that Indian automakers are giving adequate weightage to the problem of climate change and accordingly they are taking initiatives to control this problem. Indian automakers are now focusing on the development of a technology which emits less CO2 in the environment and becomes green technology. In this regard they are introducing the term green marketing, which again is highlighting and offering the consumers a product which is less polluting and more environments friendly. It is also found that some of the economic compulsions like increasing petroleum prices and to explore the unexplored market have prompted the companies to go for the green marketing.

IL-9: Green Technologies – The Global Challenges

H. R. P. Yadav HQ Cell, the Institution of Engineers, New Delhi, India

[email protected] India has been facing great challenges for establishing Green Technologies to achieve Sustainable Industrial Growth. The Planning Commission, Govt. of India has been emphasizing on optimizing the limited resources optimally by framing policies for enhancing energy efficiency, energy conservation etc. Technologies need to be upgraded by replacing old technologies, modifications in design of the equipments for improving efficiencies, better performance, minimum consumption of fuel; etc. The developments and innovations in the existing technologies for meeting energy demands for various sectors such as power, constructions, transportation, household etc will facilitate meet the environmental concerns in view of the global threat of Climate Change and Global Warming. The 12th Five-Year Plan starting from 2012 indicates the emphasis on new infrastructure and enhancing effectiveness of the existing plants for productivity, cost of service and products. The Green Technologies will not only meet the requirement of demand-supply position but also will provide the opportunity to achieve sustainability through desired economic growth. The energy efficient plants will be sufficient to yield desired products with less carbon emissions. Human resource development, less carbon intensive technologies, risk management through integration of latest ICT system and processes etc will show case the potential of growth.

IL-10: Conducting polymer composites based supercapacitors as green energy storage devices

Ashok K. Sharma

Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, D. C. R University of Science & Technology Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana, India

[email protected]

The study describes the formation of composites of polyaniline (PANI)-Carbon Nanotube (CNT) using in- situ chemical oxidative polymerization of the monomer aniline. The PANI-CNT composites were characterized by FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy and XRD method. The surface morphology of the composites was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pseudo-capacitive behavior of deposited PANI over the surface of CNT was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The composite was mixed with activated carbon for making electrode. The specific capacitance of as such prepared electrode was tested by means of half cell test. The PANI-CNT composite with 0.02M aniline in initial polymerization solution had the thinnest layer and highest specific capacitance of 543.95 F/g at scan rate of 2mV/s in aqueous electrolyte.

IL-11: Role of fractals in modelling the natural objects

Bhagwati Prasad Department of Mathematics, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Most of the natural objects such as the profiles of mountain ranges, the tops of clouds, roofs of caves and horizons over forests are generally rough, unsmoothed and have some degree of self-similarity. Mandelbrot [Mandelbrot B.B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Updated and Augmented, International Business Machines, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, H. Freeman and Company, New York 1977] introduced fractals to study such objects. These real world objects are too irregular to be modeled with the help of traditional interpolation

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methods. M. F. Barnsley [Barnsley, M.F.: Fractal functions and interpolation. Constr. Approx., Vol. 2, pp. 303-329, 1986] proposed the concept of fractal interpolation function (FIF) to describe such real world data. This technique is widely used in simulation, modelling and computer graphics. In many cases the function represented by given data set is not self-affine in the entire range but it is piecewise self-affine. This paper presents a glimpse of the role of fractal theory in modeling such irregular and self similar objects. IL-12: Problem of locating mobile agents in the Global network and proposed solutions

Heman Pathak

Department of computer Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Mobile Agent (MA) is an autonomous and identifiable software process that travels through a network of heterogeneous machine and act autonomously on behalf of user. Its applications range from e-commerce, telecommunications, and information searching to process coordination, mobile computing, and network management. Once MA is launched in the open network like Internet, its creator has no control over it and has no information about its location until it come back to the creator after completing its itinerary. For some MA applications, the ability of creator to communicate with agents in real-time is essential for supporting co-ordination and co-operation. Thus Mobile Agent (MA) location monitoring is a necessary mechanism for Mobile Agent System (MAS) in highly dynamic and large-scale networks to control and communicate with agents after launching. The major issue with location management in MA computing is to locate MA in real time with minimum overhead. The major overhead associated with location management is the high cost to update and search the database. The goal of an efficient location management strategy is to provide low cost of location search and updates. The cost of a location update and search is characterized by the time taken for each operation, number of messages sent, size of messages, or the distance the messages need to travel. An efficient location management strategy should attempt to minimize the combined cost of the location search and update. This paper briefly introduce three location management mechanisms: Always Search, Always Update and A novel region based Hybrid Location Management Mechanism (HLLM), which divides the global network in regions and then combines search and update both to locate MA. Paper also introduces the Colored Petri Net (CPN), based modelling of various components of all three mechanisms. Once the model is constructed, various tools provided by CPN such as monitoring, state space and user controlled simulation have been used to check the correctness of the modelled system. Various data gathering and report generation tools have also been used to generate and collect the data required for analysis.

IL-13: Thin film based Sensors and MEMS

K. Rajanna Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

[email protected]

In this talk, I will highlight about our Research and Development (R & D) activity on thin film based sensors. To start with, brief outline of the importance of thin film technology for sensors development will be introduced. Further, I will discuss about the Work carried out in my group here at IISc on thin film strain sensors and the application of these for other measuring systems namely, pressure transducers and ion thrust measurement system. This includes the information about the different steps followed for the development of transducers and their performance study. Efforts made by us in developing relatively newer type of sensor namely tactile sensor and the related aspects will also be covered in my talk. Our on-going activity on the development of low-cost acoustic sensor and semiconducting gas sensors with noble metal nanoparticles will also be discussed. Apart from the above, the importance and advantages of MEMS technology will be highlighted. Also specific types of MEMS based sensors development and their applications will be discussed.

IL-14: Recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A overview

Manis Kumar Jha1*, Archana Kumari1, Vinay Kumar1 and Jae-chun Lee2

1Metal Extraction and Forming Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India 2Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea

[email protected]

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Economic growth, technological advances and the obsolescence of electronic equipments in the market is increasing the amount of electronic waste, generally termed as e-waste, immeasurably around the globe. E-waste describes the discarded electrical or electronic devices comprising of obsolete computers, mobile phones, televisions, microwave ovens and other such appliances that had past their useful lives. These wastes contain hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials. Due to the supremacy of e-waste management, countries are being enforced to establish new models for the collection and environmentally sound disposal of these wastes. Recycling is the most effective and vital solution to this growing e-waste problem. E-waste recycling is essential due to the national and international report which cautioned on the global generation, treatment and accumulation of e-waste. Apart from metal recovery, it reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the manufacturing of new products. Global data indicate that total e-waste generation including imports is around 20-50 million tones per year. In India, 332,979 tones of e-waste were generated in 2007, in addition to 50,000 tones of illegal imports of waste. This is estimated to reach approximately up to 470,000 tones by the year 2011. Among these, recycling by non-formal and formal sectors are 95% and 5% respectively. But informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries may cause serious health and pollution problems. Present lecture is an overview of the recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and developing processes at NML.

IL-15: Innovative use of waste materials in road works-different aspects

R. K. Swami and Uma Arun

CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, India [email protected]

The world population grows, so do the amount and type of waste being generated. Disposal issue of the waste products is a challenge. Some of the waste materials produced today are not biodegradable and will remain in the environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years. The creation of non decaying waste materials, combined with a growing consumer population leads to waste disposal crisis and environmental pollution. Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen, cement etc, are used for road construction. Natural material being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining fast. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing. Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for alternative materials for highway construction and waste materials are such a category. If these materials can be suitably utilized in highway construction, the pollution and disposal problems may partly be reduced. R&D Work on new and innovative uses of waste materials is continually advancing. Many highway agencies, research organizations have completed or are in the process of completing a wide variety of studies and research projects concerning the feasibility, environmental suitability and performance of using industrial wastes and by-products in road construction. At Central Road Research Institute, R&D work on many waste materials such as; pulverized fuel ash, metallurgical industry wastes & byproducts, quarry waste, diamond mine waste, paper industry waste, agriculture wastes , municipal waste and construction& demolition waste etc. have been completed and established by constructing test sections. The post construction performance was at par and some time better than the conventional materials. Despite establishment of potential of different waste materials and by-products as good road construction materials they have not found their proper place in construction industry. The present paper discusses the reasons for using waste materials, arguments for/against their use, inhibiting factors, economics and environmental aspects. The literature and experiences have shown both positive and negative aspects regarding the use of waste materials and by products in road construction. Some usages are already established practice whereas other require special efforts to promote known or potential uses taking into account technical, economic environmental and energy factors. There is much scope for future research, and concerted action between research, administration and industry is needed to foster the development of new technology.

IL-16: Europium activated oxides - Alternative Red phosphors for energy efficient solid state lighting

V. Sivakumar1* and U. V. Varadaraju2

1Department of Chemistry, NIT Rourkela, Orissa, India 2Materials Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, IIT Madras, Chennai, India

[email protected]

Inorganic luminescent materials have attracted a great attention of research interest due to their role in emerging technologies such as energy efficient solid state lighting devices (including LEDs). Search for alternative stable

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inorganic rare – earth red phosphors with high absorption in the near UV/blue spectral region is attractive research task. Eu3+ luminescence in alkaline earth molybdates and tungstates of the type A2BB’O6 [A= Ba, Sr, B=Ca; B’ = Mo and W] is investigated. Intense charge transfer band absorption is observed in both the compounds. In Sr2CaMoO6, intense orange – red emission and orange emission are observed for substitution of Eu3+ at A-site and at B-site respectively. In the case of Ba2CaMoO6, intense orange emission is observed for substitution at both the sites (A&B). Eu3+ substituted double perovskites [A2BB’O6], shows excellent orange – red emission with broad and intense absorption in the near UV region. However, pure red emission is imperative for RBG based white LEDs. Eu3+ substituted Ca2MgMO6 [M = W, Mo] show pure intense red emission, due to their non-centrosymmetric cationic site. Selected compositions show better emission intensity compare to that of commercial sulfide based red phosphors.

IL-17: Development of some metal-terpyridyl complexes as catalyst

Priti Sinha and Lallan Mishra Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

[email protected] Ruthenium complexes containing terpyridyl ligands have been a focal point for investigation in many research topics including photochemistry, electron transfer reactions, luminescent sensing, light-emitting devices, photosensitizers and catalysis. The main advantages of the terpyridyl module over a bipyridyl analogue owe to its facile functionalization, ability to construct linear arrays and facilitate the formation of achiral metal complexes. Thus, the problem inherent in the use of [Ru(bpy)3]

2+ as structural motif providing diastereomeric complexes as a mixture of fac and mer isomer could be minimized by the use of a tridentate ligand. Terpyridyl has been considered as an unusually strong π-acceptor relative to other N-donors and is also both oxidatively and thermally robust and is commercially available. There are however only a few examples of M-terpy complexes used in catalysis. Recently, Crabtree et al. have reported Beckmann rearrangement for one pot synthesis of amides using terpyridines–ruthenium complexes as catalyst. In view of this novel report, it was considered worthwhile to prepare a series of metal-terpyridyl complexes and explore their catalytic activity. In solution , complexes are characterized using 1Hnmr, 13Cnmr and 1H-1H- COSY nmr spectral studies. In solid state, complexes are characterized using their single crystal X-ray diffraction data. A detail account of such studies would be presented during the lecture.

IL-18: Green Chemistry in Academic Laboratory

Asmita Gajbhiye1* and Shailendra Patil2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, M. P., India 2Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, M. P., India

[email protected] Green chemistry is defined as invention, design, development and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to eliminate the use and generation of substances hazardous to human health and environment. According to Green chemistry, Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into final product. Wherever practical, synthetic methodologies should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and environments. Experiments should involve the use of alternative reagents which are not only eco-friendly but also be easily available anywhere in the country in bulk quantities at very cheap price. They should not preferably involve the use of organic solvents (like ether, petroleum ether or ethyl acetate); ethanol and methanol are mostly preferred. Attempts are being made not only to quantify the greenness of a chemical process but also to factor in other variables such as chemical yield, the price of reaction components, safety in handling chemicals, hardware demands, energy profile and ease of product workup and purification. In one quantitative study the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline receives 64 points out of 100 marking it as an acceptable synthesis overall whereas a synthesis of an amide using HMDS is only described as adequate with a combined 32 points. Green chemistry is increasingly seen as a powerful tool that researchers must use to evaluate the environmental impact of nanotechnology. As nanomaterials are developed, the environmental and human health impacts of both the products themselves and the processes to make them must be considered to ensure their long-term economic viability.

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IL-19: My experiments with Aniline

Gurdip Singh Chemistry Department, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U. P., India

[email protected]

Exaustive studies have been undertaken on the compounds synthesize from aniline and it’s derivatives which find application in organic synthesis, dyes, drugs, phase transfer catalyst, propellants and explosives. Aniline and it’s derivatives react with sulphuric, nitric, perchloric acids and NTO to form their respective salts. The thermolysis of sulfate salts was found to give aminobenzene sulphonic acid by green chemistry. However, nitrate, perchlorate NTOate salts were found to undergo thermal decomposition via proton transfer process to form gaseous products. The schematic pathways for their thermal decomposition have also been proposed. The kinetics of their thermal decomposition have also been evaluated using mechanism based kinetic model and isoconversional method.

IL-20: Fourier Transform Raman Spectrum of Biomolecule: 2-Thiouracil

M. A. Palafox1*, Sunil Panwar2, Devendra Singh2, Chatar Singh3, R. P. Tanwar4 and V. K. Rastogi5 1 Departamento de Química-Fisica I. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

Universidad Complutense. Madrid- 28040, Spain 2Department of Applied Physics, F.E.T, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India

3 Department of Physics, DAV College, Muzaffarnagar, India 4 Department of Physics, GGDSD (PG) College, Palwal, India

5 Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, India

[email protected] The essential biological importance of uracil ans its derivatives has motivated a number of studies on the structure and spectroscopy of these molecules. The vibrational spectra of uracil derivatives have been studied by several workers, recent studies being those of Rastogi et al and Palafox et al [1-4].. The nucleic acid bases with sulphur atom instead of oxygen atom have been a subject of considerable interest since they were detected in natural t-RNAs. Thiouracil derivatives attract much attention because they exhibit pharmacological activities e.g 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil is a potent antithyroid drug, fluorinated-2-thiouracil derivatives reveal antitumor and antithyroid activity. Among thiouracils, 2-thiouracil (2TU) offers special importance. 2TU has been identified in t-RNA and it plays an important role in anticancer and antiviral activity. The chemotherapeutic activityof 2TU is due to its ready incorporation into the nucleic acid impeding the melanoma tumors growth. 2TU also induces modifications in the thyroid gland, and thus it is known as an antithyroid drug. From the spectroscopy point of view the vibrational spectra of 2TU has been studied earlier [5],however there appears some doubts. Therefore, in the present work we have recorded the FT-Raman spectrum of this important medicinal species to identify the various fundamental modes of vibrations and to clarify the doubts using the DFT method (at B3LYP/6-31G** level). The Raman spectrum has been interpreted by assuming planar geometry and Cs point group symmetry of the molecule.

IL-21: Use of Iron (III & VI) for various end appli cations

P. K. Tandon Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, U. P., India

[email protected]

Due to immense importance triad of group VIII of periodic table is commonly known as the Iron Group. Hexacyanoferrate(III), in which iron exists in its (III) oxidation state has long been used as an oxidant presumably due its cheap availability, less complexity involved in the estimation and its capability to act in acidic and alkaline medium both. Based on the assumption that slight interaction of the electronic levels of oxidant and reductant is sufficient to permit electron transfer hexacyanoferrate(III) functions in the oxidation-reduction reactions as a simple one electron abstracting reagent and oxidation invariably occurs via a direct charge transfer process, Fe(CN)6

3- + e- → Fe(CN)64-.

Recently iron as iron ferrate has been shown to of immense importance in which iron exists in its lesser known (VI) and (V) oxidation states. Ferrate ions due to their unique characteristics of oxidant and coagulant can be used both as oxidant and coagulant for industrial effluents and wastewater treatment also apart from being used as very powerful oxidizing agent for various organic and inorganic substrates. Multi-step tedious and time-consuming separation of potassium ferrate restricts its use for various end applications. Thus, use of ferrates

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without following the troublesome process of its separation, will be a welcome step. Present work deals with the use of hexacyanoferrate(III) and ferrate ions as oxidants in the oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds and their use in removal of contaminants from drinking water.

IL-22: Microgram Determination of toxic aromatic amines - A new method for estimation of p-toluidine

Prabha Singh

Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India [email protected]

The toxicity of most of the aromatic amines is well known. The kinetic-mechanistic studies made on Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of p-toluidine and already reported by us, have been used in this presentation for developing new method for kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of TOL in micrograms in aqueous/ mixed media. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of p-toluidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. Besides the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters and stoichiometry, the effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was also studied to develop the conditions for determination of p-toluidine in the range 74.84 to 429.04 µg/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendell’s sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and spectroscopic studies, is 4-methyl-1, 2-benzoquinone. Suitable mechanism for the reaction is proposed.

IL-23: Catalytic Role of Gemini Surfactants on the Ninhydrin – Amino Acid/ Peptide Reactions

Kabir-ud-Din

Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India [email protected]

Systems involving surfactants constitute a field of great interest due to their wide ranging uses in pharmaceutical formulations, detergents, personal care products, etc. Surfactant aggregation in aqueous and non-aqueous media has also been utilized to mimic the microenvironments of biomacromolecular ensembles. Therefore, physics, chemistry and biology meet at the frontier area of interdisciplinary research on association colloids formed by surfactants. Various kinetic studies have been undertaken in micellar media to elucidate the actual micellar rate effect caused by a composite of noncovalent interactions between the micelles on one hand and the reactant and activated complex on the other. The application of ninhydrin for the estimation and detection of amino acids/peptides has great importance in revealing finger prints, due to the formation of coloured product known as Ruhemann’s purple. The method, though useful, still has much room for improvements. Continuous efforts are, therefore, being made to improve the method. We have also made notable contribution towards this. In this lecture I shall present the work on ninhydrin-amino acid/peptide reactions under varied experimental conditions including the effect of surfactants. The pseudo-phase model was used to evaluate the parameters. The gemini surfactants were found to be more effective than their conventional counterpart. Owing to their very low cmc values, substantially less amounts are to be used and thus gemini surfactants fall into the category of Green Surfactants. IL-24: Phase Transfer Catalysis Strategy to Synthesize and Explore QSAR Model of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-2, 3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-

yl) isoxazol-5(4H)-one as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Pratibha Sharma*, Ashok Kumar, and Prabal Bandyopadhyay School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M. P., India

[email protected] Phase transfer organocatalysis is a versatile research area that is rapidly gaining significance for economically and environmentally friendly organic synthesis, both in academia and in industry. This strategy has been explored to synthesize a number of useful chemical products of practical applications such as pharmaceuticals, plant protection agents, dyes, photographic chemicals etc. In the present context, the utility of this technique was

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explored to synthesize some isoxazole coupled purine derivatives of biological significance. The purine nucleus is found in a wide variety of biologically active molecules including nucleotides, enzyme co-factors and pharmaceutical agents. Thus in quest of developing a synthetic strategy for purine heterocycles, a novel unprecedented route delineating the state of art under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions has been designed. The synthesis of newly designed purine derivatives was achieved by the insertion of a reactive intermediate, viz., dimethylvinylidine carbene (generated in situ) into the –N=N– moiety of precursor viz., 3-methyl-4-((6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)diazenyl)isoxazol-5(4H)-one (4a-e) after exploring the great potential of quaternary ammonium salts as the effective PTC in this regard (Scheme1). Further, such insertion followed by successive cyclization and rearrangement yields appropriately substituted derivatives of 3-methyl-4-(8-(2-methylprop-1-enylidene)-6-oxo-3-aryl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-purin-7-yl)isoxazol-5(4H)-one (9a-e). The compounds were synthesized in excellent yields (72-81%) and their structures were corroborated on the basis of FT-IR, NMR, FAB-Mass data. Their purity has been ascertained on the basis of HPLC studies. Further, rising prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has led us to screen these synthesized compounds against the panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli) in a view to extract them as potential antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin was used as the standard antibiotic in order to compare the antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds. Almost all the synthesized compounds have shown good to excellent antimicrobial activities. Moreover, the interactions of drug with their biological counterparts are determined by intermolecular forces, i.e. by hydrophobic, polar, electrostatic and steric interactions. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed to deduce theoretical models vis-à-vis to develop a correlation between physiochemical parameter and the manifested biological activity profile.

IL-25: A Greener Approach to Today’s Toxic World: Chelation & Microwave technology

A. P. Mishra

Bioinorganic Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, H.S.Gour University, Sagar, M. P., India [email protected]

Twelve principles of Green Chemistry emphasizes to reduce the load of toxic materials from the nature, land & lab, and also from the body of all living beings.Heavy metals don’t talk- they just leave silent footprints. The roman Empire was destroyed , in part, by lead poisoning from the goblets which Romans used in their daily drinks. Poisonous metals like Hg, Pb, Pb, As & Al, are present in everything from our dental fillings to our fish, cookware, paint, pipes, car exhaust, batteries and air & water. In a recent U.S. study on children and adults, investigators found traces of 11 heavy metals in their bodies. These metals blend to create the toxicity that suppresses our immune and nervous systems. Heavy metal poisoning can be both profound & subtle, leading to chronic disabilities, illness, and susceptibility to infection, high blood pressure, kidney damage, depression and impaired mental functioning. Moreover, excess of essential trace metal can also cause toxicity in body. What is the answer? We can not step off the world and stop living; but we can use cutting edge chelation techniques- both oral and intravenous- to help ferry these toxic metals out of our tissue, and restore & protect our health. Toxic metals can lead to excessive free radical proliferation , which can damage cell membranes, making them far more vulnerable to damage. Chelation helps protection of cell membranes, allowing the body’s natural healing mechanism to halt & often reverse the disease process. Chelation comes in many forms through agents like EDTA, DMSA, DMPS, NTA . Even supplements like N-acetyl cystein & alpha lipoic acid which works to be good chelators. All chelating agents bind with metal ions, excrete them out through urine & stool. Chelation therapy is one of the best kept secretes for improving health. Chelation, impacts more than just heavy metals. In turn, it can also help to control toxicity of organic drugs. It seems to quench free radical damage and restore the flexibility & function of blood vessels throughout the body. It even lowers the risk of cancer. Combined with nutrient and mineral therapy, it gives a lot of improvements. Safe and oral nutrient chelators like Chlorella, selenium (helps to reduce Hg toxicity), Vit-C (Ascorbic and Citric acids), garlic (mild chelator) etc., have been recommended. The combined triad of- intravenous chelation therapy, nutrients and mineral therapy and oral chelation with safe, healthy substances, have proved beneficial to a wide range of patients- from dancers to heart patients & to the neurologically impaired. The Chelation Therapy has emerged also, as an artery cleaning medical device. Metal chelated multidrug therapy ( Combination therapy and Synergistic action ) and metal ion –mediated delivery and distribution of pharmaceuticals/ nutriceuticals may come up as a part solution of the problems like drug resistance in 21st century, this may be pursued as a thrust area for further explorations.

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Microwave assisted synthesis of metal chelates has also been marked as one of the emerging synthetic technique in inorganic & metallo-organic chemistry.

IL-26: Green Chemistry: Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis

Ashok K. Yadav Department of Chemistry, Unibversity of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] This lecture will describe a clean and environmentally benign methodology used in the organic synthesis. Emphasis will be given to the application of ionic liquid mediated synthesis of a variety of reactions,viz. Friedlander, Knoevengal/Robinson annulations, hydrogenation, Diels-Alder, olefin epoxidation, Heck reaction,Swern oxidation,RCM, ringclosure methasis, heterocyclic synthesis, etc.The future scope of the methodology will also be discussed. IL-27: Electrochemical incineration of human wastes in confined spaces: A concept of

Green Technology

D. K. Sharma Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] The novel technology of waste removal in space vehicles by electrochemical methods is presented to convert wastes into chemicals that can be eventually recycled. The important consideration for waste oxidation is to select a right kind of electrode (anode) material that should be stable under anodic conditions and also a poor electrocatalyst for oxygen and chlorine evolution. On the basis of long term electrolysis experiments on seven different electrodes and on the basis of total organic carbon reduced, two best electrodes were identified. The effect of redox ions on the electrolyte was studied. Though most of the experiments were done in mixtures of urine and waste, the experiments with redox couples involved 2.5 M sulfuric acid in order to avoid the precipitation of redox ions by urea. Two methods for long term electrolysis of waste were investigated: (1) the oxidation on Pt and lead dioxide electrodes using the galvanostatic methods; and (2) potentiostatic method on other electrodes. The advantage of the first method is the faster rate of oxidation. The chlorine evolution in the second method is ten times less than in the first. The accomplished research has shown that urine/feces mixtures can be oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, but current densities are low and must be improved. The perovskite and Ti4O7 coated with RuO2 is the best electrode materials found. Recent experiment with the redox agent improves the current density; however, sulphuric acid is required to keep the redox agent in solution to enhance oxidation effectively. It is desirable to reduce the use of acid and/or find substitutes.

IL-28: Density Functional Theory Calculations and Vibrational Spectral Analysis of Biomolecule:6-azathymine

Satendra Kumar1, V. Bena Jyothy2, Hubert Joe3, M. A. Palafox4 and V. K. Rastogi1

1Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, India 2 Department of Physics, Women's Christian College, Nagercoil, India

3 Department of Physics, Mar Ivanios College, Trivandram, India 4 Departamento de Química-Fisica I. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas

Universidad Complutense. Madrid- 28040, Spain [email protected]

The structure of molecules is the primary basis for understanding and predicting their physical, chemical, biological and material properties. Quantum chemical DFT methods are now-a-days able to provide highly accurate results for molecular properties. In addition , theoretical prediction of vibrational spectra of polyatomic molecules play a fundamental role in the area of vibrational spectroscopy and can be used reliably for accurate vibrational assignments. Azathymine is 6N analog of thymine. From the spectroscopy point of view, the vibrational spectra of 6-azathymine has been studied earlier by Rai and he has made the assignments without any theoretical support. However, there appear some doubts. Therefore, in the present work we have recorded the FT-IR nd FT-Raman spectra of this important medicinal species to identify the various fundamental modes of vibrations and to clarify the doubts using the DFT method (at B3LYP/6-31G** level). The FT-IR spectrum shall be presented.

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The vibrational spectra have been interpreted by assuming planar geometry and Cs point group symmetry of the molecule. With this point group the 36 fundamental modes may be classified into 25a’ and 11a” symmetry species. The most important findings of this study are : (1) We have identified and assigned all the 36 normal modes of vibrations. The assignment was mainly based on the DFT calculations, and, therefore, for the first time, they appear very accurate. (2) A medium band at 1593 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum has been identified as the skeleton stretching vibration and thus we see that the replacement of CH group with N atom has little effect.The absence of OH band (in the region 3500-3700 cm-1) and appearance of C=O modes in the region (1600-1750 cm-1) as strong bands in the spectra indicate that in solid state the molecule exist in ketonic form.

IL-29: Photosensitizing Efficacy of Benzoporphyrin Derivatives

M. P. Dobhal Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] Recently various long wavelength absorbing photosensitizers have been evaluated for establishing the photodynamic therapy efficacy. One such photosensitizer, which has shown limited skin phototoxicity, is benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD). However, it shows low tumor specificity and retains in tumor only for a short time. Although lipophilicity plays an important role in drug development, it is imperative to have a hydrophobic matrix, which could allow drug interaction through the cell membrane. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of a series of 3-(1’-alkoxy)ethyl analogs of pyropheophirbide-a showed a parabolic relationship between the overall lipophilicity and PDT efficacy. Among the compounds investigated, the hexyl ether analog (HPPH) was most effective, which is currently in Phase II human clinical trials. In this presentation, I will dwell upon the efficacy of the insertion of central metal and inter cellular mechanism, PDT efficiency of the BPD series of compounds:

NNH

COOCH3

N HN

NNH

H3COOC

N NH

NO

R

O

H3COOC

H3COOCH3C

NN

H3COOC

NN

H3COOC

H3COOCH3C

COOCH3

In X

IL-30: Search Green Solvents for the Future

Amalendu Pal Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India

[email protected]

Green Chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Thus, a need with safe green laboratory experiments is felt by the academic community.There is rapidly growing worldwide scientific and industrial interest in ionic liquids (ILs) over the past years as a green solvent. ILs is organic salts composed entirely of ions, with melting points below 100°C. These are usually molten salts or molten oxides. It has been noted that the properties of molten salts as a solvent for chemical processes differ from those of aqueous and organic solvents. They also exhibit many interesting properties such as very low vapor pressure, low melting point (< 373 K), a wide liquid range, stability up to high temperature, and high solubility for both polar and nonpolar organic and inorganic substances. Due to their nonvolatile nature and favorable solvation properties, RTILs are rapidly gaining interest as greener replacements for traditional volatile organic solvents. These ionic liquids have been recently used as green solvents in catalysis, chemical synthesis, extraction process, chemical processing, synthesis of ion conducting polymers, applications in bio-technology field, liquid-liquid separations, vapour–liquid equilibria, batteries, and fuel cells investigations.

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Among many application fields of ILs, there are increasing number of development of chemical processes with the help of ILs. A classical chemical plant can be roughly divided into three steps: preparation, reaction and separation. Although the reactor can be considered the heart or core of the chemical plant, often 60-80 % of the total costs are caused by the separation step, where the various thermal separation processes, in chemical industry most often distillation, are applied to obtain the final products with desired purity ,to recycle the uncoverted reactants, and to remove the undesired side product.

IL-31: Bioinspired Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis and their Applications in Imaging, Diagnosis and Therapeutics

Absar Ahmad

Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India [email protected]

Inorganic nanomaterials of different sizes, shapes and chemical compositions possess great potential for future clinical applications in imaging, diagnosis, photothermal therapy and therapeutics. One of the important challenges of considerable topical significance in nanotechnology is the development of eco-friendly experimental processes for the economical synthesis of nanomaterials in large quantities of variable size, shape and chemical composition. While it is recognized that some of the most exquisite nanomaterials are made by biological systems (examples include silica in diatoms and magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria), the potential to exploit microorganisms in a creative manner in the laboratory for eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials is still largely under-exploited. In this talk, we describe our research into the use of plant microorganisms and plant extracts in the synthesis of biocompatible, water soluble, fluorescent and protein capped metal, metal sulfide, quantum dots and oxide nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. In a significant departure from bacteria-based methods for nanomaterial synthesis that have been investigated in some detail, we have shown that plant microorganisms such as fungi and actinomycetes when challenged with aqueous metal ions are capable of reducing the ions both intra and extra-cellularly resulting in the formation of stable metal nanoparticles. The formation of metal nanoparticles occurs by an enzymatic process and thus, the fungus-based synthesis process is not limited to reduction reactions alone. The versatility of this approach is underlined by our findings that enzymes such as sulphite reductase, nitrate reductase and hydrolyzing proteins are secreted by the fungi in response to metal stress thereby leading to the possibility of synthesis of quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and nanooxides. The biosynthesis of nanooxides using fungi is exciting since the synthesis occurs at room temperature and thus could be of considerable commercial value.Fungi enjoy a close symbiotic relationship with plants and hence, it is quite likely that plant extracts may also possess useful biomolecules which not only carry out the range of biotransformations listed above but also control the shape of nanoparticles. We have studied a number of plant extracts for realizing metal nanoparticles and have observed that the Geranium and Lemongrass extracts result in shape modulated gold nanoparticles. In particular, the reaction of aqueous gold ions with Lemongrass extract resulted in the large-scale synthesis of gold nanotriangles with interesting near infrared absorption. Potential application of the gold nanotriangles, magnetite and other inorganic nanoparticles in hyperthermia of cancer cells, diagnosis, imaging and therapeutic are being investigated. We have also isolated, purified and completely characterized a range of plant based drugs such as Taxol, Vinblastine and Vincristine from endophytic fungi and recently initiated further important steps of functionalizing the nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry approach for targeted drug delivery applications.

IL-32: Self-Assembled Monolayers as a Form of Bio-Nano Technology Formation, Characterization and Applications

R. S. Chaudhary

Advanced Educational Institutions, Faridabad, Haryana, India [email protected]

Molecular Self Assembly is the organization of molecules in an ordered fashion without any external intelligent intervention. There are numerous examples of molecular self assembly in nature. Human beings, plants, trees, animals etc. have molecular self assembly processing occurring somewhere in their bodies. Molecular self assembly is crucial to the function of cells and it is exhibited in the self assembly of lipids to form membrane, the formation of double helical DNA through hydrogen bonding of the individual strands, the assembly of proteins to form quaternary structures. Supra molecular assemblies, micelles, liquid crystal phases are examples of molecular self assembly in chemistry. Molecular self assembly is an important aspect of bottom – up approach to nanotechnology. An advantage to constructing nanostructure using molecular self assembly for

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biological materials is that they will degrade back into individual molecules that can be broken by the body. The oral process of self assembly is not yet understood, indeed, if it were, a general understanding of the origin of life would be achieved. For a physical chemist, the meaning of molecular self assembly has to do with the ability of a system of molecules to spontaneously form an ordered molecular structure. In this lecture, preparation of Self Assembled Monolayers of Organic Molecules under the controlled and standard laboratory conditions would be discussed. Electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the calculation of various important parameters to characterize the self assembled monolayers will be elaborated for various organic molecules like Mercapto Nicotinic acid, thioctic acid, cystamine, etc. These SAMs can be further modified by attaching other molecules in a tailor make fashion to generate new organic interfaces of nano dimensions which are biologically active and may find applications in the analysis and recognition of other important bio-molecules. Cytochrome C molecules have been immobilized on the top surface of Self Assembled Monolayers to recognize various nucleotides. Characteristics of this designed assembly of Self Assembled Monolayers have been studied in detail and will be discussed in the lecture.

IL-33: Biologically active coumarins and their lanthanide(III) complexes

Irena Kostova1*, R. K. Soni2 and R. D. Kaushik3

1*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University,2 Dunav St., Sofia-1000, Bulgaria 2Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

3Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Biologically active coumarins belonging to a widespread family of plant metabolites, called benzopyranones, occupy an important place in the area of natural products and synthetic organic chemistry. They have a lot of different structures, due to the various types of substitutions of their core, which could in turn influence their biological activity. As substitutions can occur at any of their available sites of the basic coumarin nucleus, their structural diversity leads to multiple biological properties. Therefore, the chemical synthesis of coumarin derivatives is done to fulfil their requirements in vast applications. Many coumarins have shown particularly promising results in the treatment of tumour cell growth and metastases dissemination. Their ability to bind metal ions represents an additional means of modulating their pharmacological responses. The examination of the binding properties of coumarin derivatives to different metal ions is essential for understanding the factors controlling their biological activity. Recently, it has been shown that many lanthanide(III) complexes of coumarins might have a potential role in the treatment of different tumor cell lines, although much of the attention has been focused mainly on the synthesis and identification of such complexes, whereas spectroscopic and structural studies are limited. As a part of our ongoing work on the synthesis, characterization and applications of lanthanide(III) complexes, it was observed that changes in ligands, lanthanides and reaction conditions had profound effects on selectivity and activity of the products obtained. Herein we report the synthesis, analytical, theoretical, spectroscopic, and biological properties of Ln(III) complexes with biologically active coumarin derivatives. Due to their high sensitivity to the structural changes, the FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed for a complete vibrational characterization of the ligands structures and the respective complexes. These structures are further investigated by means of high-level DFT (B3LYP) theoretical calculations, allowing the determination and comparison of the energies, geometrical parameters, as well as the identification of the most important structural features. It was revealed that an adequate understanding of the vibrational fundamentals of coumarin derivatives may provide help in the study of biological activities. The overall results from the preliminary screening program revealed, that the ligands and their novel lanthanide(III) complexes are strong biologically active agents. The data from our continuing study demonstrate the potential of the novel lanthanide coordination compounds. It was evidenced that the pharmacological response has been improved upon complexation in accordance with our previous results concerning the activity of lanthanide coordination compounds with various coumarin ligands.

IL-34: An Avenue for Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products Via Selective Nucleophilic Reactions on α-diketones

Pahup Singh

Emeritus Scientist, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

The 1, 2-diketone is an important functionality in synthetic organic chemistry. We reasoned that with proper control on reactivity and selectivity the α-diketones would be the starting materials for the synthesis of bioactive

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natural products and heterocyclic analogues. We have performed remarkable chemo-, regio- and stereoselective reactions on lapachol and its congeners with different reagents to give several bioactive natural products and with nitrogen nucleophiles to accomplish the synthesis of novel quinoxaline and azaquinoxaline derivatives in a concise and efficient manner. A concise account on synthesis of stenocarpoquinone A and B, rhinacanthin-A, β-(1-hydroxy isopropenyl) dihydrofurano-1,2- naphthoquinone, adenophyllone, quadrilone, quinoxaline and azaquinoxaline derivatives will be presented with a special emphasis on mechanistic details.

IL-35: Natural Products and botanical Pesticides: A Green option

Anil K. Pant Department of Chemistry, G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The success story of green revolution is mainly due to the development of new varieties on one hand, the application and development of new synthetic pest control agents has also an important role. However, there injudicious and indiscriminate use has also resulted in environmental pollution as well as in pest resurgence. Since only one gene mutation can cause pesticide resistance. Though botanicals have been used for pest control from ancient times, their importance has once again been realized for search of new lead molecule for development of new safer and eco friendly pesticides. A brief history of development of new commercial botanical pesticides and the work currently being carried out by our group will be presented.

IL-36: Chemodiversity: A reflection on the rich biodiversity of the Himalayas

Chitra pande Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] India, with its vast biodiversity is emerging as a world leader in the supply of raw material for the phytopharmaceutical industries. It is one of the world’s 12 mega- biodiversity centres of the world with the presence of 16 different agro-climatic zones, 10 vegetation zones, 25 biotic provinces and 426 biomes. As phytochemicals have potential in the development of agro-chemicals, cosmetics, neutraceuticals and drugs, knowledge of chemodiversity leads to a better understanding of the biodiversity of a region. This initiated the chemical investigation of a few genera from the Himalayan region. Fresh plant materials of Ocimum americanum, Origanum vulgare , Craniotome furcata , were collected from ten locations while Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Ferronia elephantum and Buplereum species were collected from five locations. The botanical identification of the specimens was done at the Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun. The essential oil of these plants was analyzed by GC/GC-MS and major compounds separated by column chromatography and HPLC. The essential oil compositions of O. americanum revealed six chemotypes namely Chemotype-I: methyl chavicol, 1, 8-cineole, (E)-γ-bisabolene, β-bisabolene and eugenol; II: (E)-γ-bisabolene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, eugenol, β-bisabolene and methyl chavicol; III: methyleugenol, (E)-caryophyllene and eugenol; IV: linalool and methyl chavicol; V: aliphatic hydrocarbons, eugenol, 1,8-cineole and camphor; VI: camphor and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The result of cluster analysis of the essential oil profiles of O. vulgare L grouped these oils into four clusters on the basis of difference in their chemical constituents, allowing them to be characterized into four distinct chemotypes. Chemotype I showed p-cymene, γ-terpinene, thymol and carvacrol as the major constituents while II showed the presence of caryophyllene oxide, aliphatic hydrocarbons and thymol. Chemotype III represents thymol, germacrene D, carvacrol, (E)-caryophyllene and linalool as major constituents while IV showed bicyclogermacrene, elemol, linalool, germacrene D, bornyl acetate and (E)-caryophyllene as the major constituents. The essential oil composition of C. furcata showed the presence of five chemotypes. Chemotype-I was significantly rich in germacrene D, δ-elemene and α-zinziberene while II was rich in δ-elemene, germacrene D, α-zinziberene, germacrene B, α-muurolol and α-cadinol. Chemotype III had germacrene B, germacrene D-4-ol, α-muurolol, α-cadinol and α-bisabolol oxide A. Chemotype IV was dominated by germacrene D, α-zinziberene, (Z)-α-bisabolene and α-muurolol whereas V had δ-elemene and germacrene D. Germacrene D, found as a common major constituent in all the chemotypes showed regular increase with increasing altitude of the regions.

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The analysis of essential oil of C. leptophyllum revealed the presence of 32 compounds, of which 19 compounds were identified representing 98.1% of total oil. Thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether, thymol methyl ether, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrolmethyl ether were found to be the major constituents in the oil. The essential oil composition of F. elephantum Correa revealed the presence of 24 constituents, of which 18 constituents were identified. Trans-anethole and methyl chavicol were the major compounds. The major constituents of the essential oils of B. hamiltonii were germacrene D, (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-caryophyllene and bornyl acetate; B. falactum germacrene D, (E)-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and bornyl acetate while B. lanceolatum had germacrene D, (E)-β-farnesene, (E)-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene as major constituents. The three genera namely Ocimum, Origanum and Craniotome exist as chemotypes whereas Ferronia, Cyclospermum and Buplereum were found to be chemically stable.

IL-37: Studies on Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants

R. N. Yadava Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India

[email protected]

Herbal medicine is a major component in all indigenous peoples’ traditional medicine and a common element in Ayurvedic, homeopathic and naturopathic. WHO notes that out of 119 plant-derived pharmaceutical medicines, about 74 percent are used in modern medicine. Major pharmaceutical companies are currently conducting extensive research on plants for their potential medicinal values. Plant derived products are the basis for a large proportion of the commercial medications which are used today for the treatment of heart disease, high blood pressure, pain, asthma, and other problems. Plant products (specially secondary metabolites) obtained from medicinal plants play a very dominant role in synthesizing and designing the analogues of the chemical components leading to the development of effective agents. All the secondary plant metabolites are also called as allelochemicals. These chemicals include flavonoides, tannins, alkaloids, aromatic acids etc. They play important role in protecting the plant against the insect and pathogens. Allelopathy also plays an important role in plant ecosystem, regulating plant dominance. A detailed study of some New Potential Allelochemicals from Medicinal plants, has been described in present lecture.

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ieg0keÀe0efJe0efJe0, nefjÜej [email protected]

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28

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ceeveJepeerJeve keÀe ÒecegKe DeeOeej Jee³eg nw~ DeLeJe&Jeso ceW DeeHees Jeelee Dees<eOe³eëDeeHees Jeelee Dees<eOe³eëDeeHees Jeelee Dees<eOe³eëDeeHees Jeelee Dees<eOe³eë keÀnkeÀj ³ener keÀne ie³ee nw efkeÀ Jee³eg Deew<eefOe nw~ ³eneR Jee³eg Deewj met³e& kesÀ cenÊJe keÀe

Yeer JeCe&ve nw, efpemeceW FvnW mebmeej kesÀ j#ekeÀ yelee³ee ie³ee nw~ FvnW Devleefj#e ceW J³ee€ Deewj jesienlee& kesÀ veece mes HegkeÀeje ie³ee nw~ Jee³eg keÀes jesieveeMekeÀ Deewj oes<eveeMekeÀ kesÀ ªHe ceW

ef®eef$ele efkeÀ³ee ie³ee nw Deewj FmekeÀer HeefjMegef× nsleg ³e%e keÀe JeCe&ve Òee€ neslee nw~ Jee³eg keÀes Deew<eefOe, keÀu³eeCekeÀejkeÀ, Ëo³e keÀes MeeqkeÌle osves Jeeueer Deewj Dee³eg Òeoeve keÀjves Jeeueer

keÀne nw~ ³en efHelee, Ye´elee Deewj meKee nw pees peerJeve osleer nw~ efpeme Iej ceW Meg× Jee³eg nesleer nw, JeneB Dece=le keÀe Kepeevee neslee nw~ ke̳eeWefkeÀ Jen GvnW peerJeve osleer nw-

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Fme ÒekeÀej JesoeW ceW He³ee&JejCe Megef× Hej efJeMes<e ®e®ee& keÀer nw~

IL-40: oSfnd okÄõe; esa foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds lUnHkZ&ladsr vkSj orZekudkfyd n`f"V

fnus'kpUnz 'kkL=kh osn foHkkx

xq#dqy dkaxM+h fo'ofo|ky;] gfj}kj

g ekjk fl ¼k Ur gS fd osn l c l R; fo|k vksa dk iqL r d gSA ftl l e; ml l oZ'k fDr ek u~ us txrh dk fuek Z.k fd;k ] tcfd izÑfr dk izR;sd vax v ius uoh u m "k %dk y e sa uwr u l kS Un;Z l s izL iQ qfVr gks j gk Fkk ] tcfd l eL r ewd l al kj v ius :i e sa ig yh ckj vk dj v ius j pf;rk dh vksj ] v uUr dh vksj ] gk Fk iQ Syk ;s vk ' p;Z l s n s[k j gk Fkk ] ml l e; bl {kqnz euq"; ds fy, ;g l eL r l al kj ,d egk u~ l eL ;k Fkh A ml s Kkr ugha Fkk fd og dgka l s vk ;k gS\ fd/ j tk uk gS\ ;g L Fkk u dkSu l k gS\ ml s D;k dj uk gk sxk \ dSl s dj uk gksxk \ vk fn l eL ;k ;s a Fkha ftUgsa og g y ugha dj l drk Fkk A og ewd gksdj vk ' p; Z vkSj Hk ; l s l al kj dks ns[k dj u ek ywe f du Hkkoksa esa Mwc j gk Fkk A ml ds ikl ân; Fkk ] eu Fkk vkSj v u qHko'kh y vk Rek Fkh A ij Urq m ue sa xfr ugha Fkh A os fu' py FksA m ul s ml dk dk ;Z l i Qy ugha gks l drk Fkk A og foo'k Fkk & ml l e; ij efirk us tks Kk u tho ds fy, iq#"k dh l qIr ] v cq¼ Hkkouk vksa dks xfr nsus ds fy, izdk f'kr fd;k ogh osn gSA ml izkj fEHk d voL Fkk esa ml Kk u i z dk 'k ds vol j ij ;g vko' ;d Fkk fd Kk u dh l eL r 'kk [kk vksa dk s xfr nh tkrh A ,sl k gh gqvk Hkh A ml l oZK us Kk u dh l eL r 'kk [kk v ksa dks i zdk f'kr fd;k A ;gh dkj .k gS f d osn e sa g e l c i zdkj ds o.kZuksa d ks ns[krs g SaA bl esa tgka / eZ] vk pkj ] uh fr ] jk tuh fr ] v FkZ'kkL =k ,o a vk ;qos Zn l s l Ec¼ i zpqj l k ex zh f eyr h gS ogha HkkSfr d fo|k vksa t Sl s HkkSfr d h ] jl k ;u foKk u] ouL ifr 'kkL =k ] tUrq foKk u] i;kZoj .k foKk u] HkwxHkZ foKk u ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Tech n ol og y) l s l EcfU/ r l k exzh ds l UnHkksZa dk Hkh i;kZIr ek=kk esa l adsr feyrk g SA ;s l UnHk Z l adsr osnksa ds dqN fo'k s"k l wDrksa esa gh izk I; ugha gSa v firq cgqr v f/ d fc[kj s gq, g SaA m udks ,df=kr dj vk t ds ifj izs{; esa m udk fo' ys"k .k dj uk eg R oiw.kZ dk ; Z g SA oSfnd ok Ä~ e; v n~Hk qr l R; r Ro l s iw .kZ gSA m ues a vk è;k fRed r Fkk HkkSfr d foKk u dk v iwo Z l kSUn; Ze; l fEeJ .k gSA m udks m uds l fE efyr ,oa fof' y"V :i esa ns[k us ok yk okL ro esa Kk uh gSA m udks l fEefyr :i esa ns[k us ok yksa dk v Hkko l k izrhr gksrk gSA orZek u l e; ml dk s fof' y"V :i esa ns[k uk pk grk g SA i zL rqr i =k esa bu n `f"V;ksa l s osnksa es a i zk I; HkkSfr d fo|k vksa ij fopkj dj us dk iz;kl fd;k tk ;s xk A

IL-41: osnks es Ik;kZoj.k ds izfr psruk ds Loj euqnso cU/kq

osn foHkk x

xq:d qy dkW xMh fo’of o|k y; g fj }kj A

osn pkj gSaA _ Xosn] ;tqosZn] l k eosn vkSj v FkoZosnA l `f"V l aj puk ds l e; ij edk :f.k d txRifr us v fXu] ok ;q] vk fnR; vkSj v f·~-xjk dks

pkjksa osnksa dk Kk u fn;k A osnksa dh efg ek ds l EcU/ k es _ f"k n;k uUn th us fy[kk gS&ßosn l c l R; fo|kvksa dk iqL r d gSA osn dk

i<+uk &i<+k uk vkSj l quuk &l quk uk l c vk ;kZs dk ij e/ k eZ g SA** eu q us Þ osnks·f[ k yks / k eZew ye~ß fy[k dj o sn dks l ok sZif j ek uk gSA vk ;ksZa dk izR;s d

dk ;ZØe dk l ek iu ’kk fUr ik B l s gks rk gSA ’kk fUr ik B Ik ;kZoj .k ds izfr g esa tk x:d djrk g SA eU= bl izdkj gS&

vks…e~ |kS: ’kkfUrjUrfj{ka ’kkfUr% i`fFkoh ’kkfUr:i% ’kkfUrjks’k/k;% ’kkfUr%A

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29

ouLir;% ’kkfUrfoZ’osnsok% ’kkfUrczZge ’kkfUr% loZa ’kkfUr% ’kkfUrjso ’kkfUr% A

lkek ’kkfUrjsf/kA vks·e~ ’kkfUr% ’kkfUr% ’kkfUr%AA (;tqosZn 36@7)

Ik ;kZoj .k ds i zfr tk x: d ek uo v iu s Hk xok u~ l s izk Fk Zuk djrk gSA gs Hk xo k u~~ ! vk idh d`ik l s |qyksd] v Ur fj {k yksd] i`fFkoh ] t y] vkS"k f/ k ]

ouL ifr ] fo’onso ¼fo}k u ~½] c zg~e ¼osn½ vkSj l Hkh Hkk Sfr d ,o a jkl k ;fud ink FkZ g esa ’kk fUr i znk u djsaA vk / ;k fRed nq%[k ] vk f/ k nSfod nq%[k vk Sj

vk f/ k HkkSfr d nqq%[k g el s nwj Hkk x tk ;saA eS a iw .kZ l q[kh vk Sj l Ur q"V gk s tk Å¡A

mig~ojs fxjh.kka laxes p unhuke~A

f/k;k foizks vtk;rAA ¼;tqosZn 26@15½

ioZrksa dh r yg Vh e sa vkSj ufn;ks a ds l axe ij / khj ] ohj xEHkhj vk Sj osanksa ds fo}k u m RiUu gksrs gSA v Fkk Zr~ ;gk¡ ij xq#d qy ¼fo|k y;½ dh

L Fkk iuk dj uh pk fg ,A L ok eh J )k uUn th us Hkh fg ek y; dh m iR;dk esa v kSj xaxk ds fdukjs x q#dqy dka xM+h fo’ ofo|k y; dh L Fkk iuk dh A

;g l Eiw.kZ l al kj izÑfr l s cuk gSA vfXu] ok ;q] ty] i`fFkoh vkSj vk dk ’k izÑfr esa gSA bUgha iapHkwrksa l s g ekjk ’kjhj cuk gSA tSl s dPpk ek y

gksxk ] o Sl k iDdk ek y gks xk A l Eiw.k Z i z d`fr :ih Ik ;kZoj .k dks ’k q) dj u s dh ftEesnkjh g ekjh gSA

}klqi.kkZ l;qtk l[kk;k lekua o`{ka ifj"kLotkrsA

r;ksjU;% fiIiya Lokn~oP;u’uUuU;ks·fHkpkd’khfrAA ¼_`Xosn 1@164@20½

_ f"k n;k uUn th us bl ea= esa tSro k n dh dYiuk dh gSA izÑfr :ih o{k ij l qUnj ia[kksa ok ys] l ek u vk ;q ok ys vkSj ijL ij fe=Hkko ok ys

nks i{kh cSBs gSA buesa l s ,d i{kh ml izÑfr :ih o`{k ds L ok fn"V Qy dk Hkksx djrk gS vkSj nwl jk i{kh u [kkrk gqvk dsoy ns[krk gSA

Qy Hkksx dj us ok yk i{kh vk Rek gS v kSj u [kk us ok yk i{kh ij ek Rek gSA

vfnfr|kSjfnfrjUrfj{kefnfrHkkZrk l firk l iq=%A

fo’osnsok vfnfr% iaptuk vfnfrtkZrefnfrtZfuRoe~AA ¼vFkoZosn 7@6@1½

izd`fr g ekjh ekrk gSA ogh firk vkSj iq= gSA ogha |q] v Ur fj {k vk Sj i`fFkoh ds :Ik esa l cdh tuf;=h gSA vr % g ekjs ’kjhj esa foÑfr tU;

jksx Hkh ogha n wj djrh gSA

^^ouLifra ou vkLFkki;/oe~** ¼_`Xosn 10@101@11½

gs ek uo! rqe i zPkqj ek =k esa o`{kkjksi.k djksaA o `{k g e sa i zk .kok ;q nsrs gS vkSj i; kZoj .k ds fo"k dks ihrs g SaA

^^vj.;a rs i`fFkoh L;ksueLrq** ¼vFkoZosn 12@1@11½

taxy i`fFkoh ds fy, dY;k .k dkjh gksA ouL ifr txr~~ ¼Flora½ vkSj Ik ’kq txr~ ¼Fauna½ dk iw.kZ fodkl gksA ;s nksuksa g ekjk dY;k .k djrs

gSaA buds fo’okl gsrq g esa iw.kZ iz;kl dj uk gSA ;s nksuksa Ik ;kZoj .k dks ’kq) djrs gSA ;K dj us dk vk ns’k osnksa es fn;k x;k gSA ;K dj us ls

o"kkZ gksrh gS vkSj o"kkZ l s v Uu m RiUu gksrk gSA v Uu dks [kk dj izk .kh th for j grs g SSaA g e sa l nk Ik ;kZoj .k ds izfr tk x:d j g uk g SA

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30

OP-1: Biomass and Biogas for Sustainable Energy Generation: Recent Development and Perspectives

Abdeen Omer

Energy Research Institute (ERI), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom [email protected]

Biogas from biomass appears to have potential as an alternative energy source, which is potentially rich in biomass resources. This is an overview of some salient points and perspectives of biogas technology. The current literature is reviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts of biogas technology. This article gives an overview of present and future use of biomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and other materials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market situation, higher value products are required. Results suggest that biogas technology must be encouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated, but especially in remote rural areas.

OP-2: Some Plants Used as Fish Toxin in Bhagirathi River

Antima Sharma*, L. R Dangwal, Tajinder Singh and Amandeep Singh Herbarium and Plant Systematic Laboratory, Department of Botany,H. N. B. Garhwal University ,Tehri

Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The Bhagirathi is a turbulent Himalayan river in the state of Uttarakhand, India, that is the source stream of the Ganges the major river of the Gangetic plain of Northern India and the holy river of Hinduism. Ethno-biological survey was conducted in Bhagirathi river which reveals their indigenous traditional knowledge in fish capture. Fishing is one of the important sources of animal protein for the hilly region. In the study, a total of 12 plants, which are significantly used as fish toxicant by local peoples in the aquatic resources of the Bhagirathi River has been listed.

OP-3: Air Pollution Assessment Before and After Metro Rail in Delhi

Basavaraja1and Puttaih2 1 Pusa Polytechnic, Pusa, New Delhi, India

2 Environmental Science Department, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India [email protected]

The study concerned with the development, encouragement and use of more environment friendly transport system. These innovative solutions make more environment friendly transport system. (Also innovative transport system makes lowering environment impacts, such as minimizing vehicles on the road and Air pollution). This study mainly deals with the alternative transport system; particularly it focuses on reduction of vehicles on the road by Metro rail. In this study pollution loads have been compared with before metro rail and after metro rail.For the purpose of this study collecting feed back from metro users from several stations what was the mode of conveyance they are using before Metro rail. The pollution loads were calculated on the basis of information collected from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Environment Protection Agency and previous studies carried out in this regard by various important agencies. The use of Metro shows tremendous reduction in various pollutants, by the reduction of vehicles on the road. The study conducted by the central road Research institute on behalf of Delhi Metro, is part of the Environment Impact Assessment Report for phase III conducted in 2009-2010, the study says that lakh plus vehicles will go off the city roads once the third phase becomes operational, the projections are based on certain fixed parameters, like the fact that vehicular traffic and rate of consumption is that of 2009 and 2010.

OP-4: Identification of Bird hit samples through Feather Keratin Electrophoresis

Chinmay Joshi Department of Zoology, Government PG College, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India

joshic28@ yahoo.co.in

Identification of bird remains after collision with aircraft is an important step in reduction of bird hazard to aircraft. Most of the identification techniques in vogue are microscopic in nature. As the bird remains received

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International Conference on Green Technologies for Environmental Rehabilitation February 11-13, 2012, Faculty of Engineering & Technology Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

31

after the collisions are very minute and badly mangled hence sophistication and reproducibility of technique is very important.In the present study a biochemical technique was used to identify bird remains. In this technique Soluble Carboxy Methylated Keratin (SCMK) were extracted from feather samples under inert atmosphere. Urea PAGE and SDS PAGE of these extracted and purified proteins was carried out. It was found that the band pattern of the protein was distinctive of the species. In this technique very small amount of protein is required (0.01ml). Hence even a very minute feather sample can be identified.The bird species can be identified through the band pattern of the Feather keratin electrophoresis and circumstantial evidence such as pilots’ report.

OP-5: Genetically Modified Microorganism and Eco-friendly Biomass Energy

Dayadhar Dikshit, Department of Chemistry, Pt. L. M. S. Goverment P. G. College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Wood-based biofuel creates fewer greenhouse gas emissions and requires less water to produce. Cellulose, the main component of wood, is also the most abundant polymer on Earth and unlike the starch and sugars found in corn and sugarcane, people cannot digest it. Production of wood-based ethanol fuel doesn't use food supplies for fuel and competition for agricultural land can be reduced. Intensive research on cellulose conversion to ethanol previously focused on mechanical, heat and acid hydrolysis techniques, all of which are expensive and non eco friendly also. Microorganism are now playing very important role in developing eco-friendly methods to prepare bio-fuel. Microorganisms can grow without oxygen to take this abundant organic matter and convert it to useful forms of energy such as methane, hydrogen or even electricity. In this field Saccharomyces yeast is now playing very important role. However it’s efficiency can be modified by genetic-engineering. It has been observed that such genetically engineered yeast can convert glucose and xylose into ethanol. Xylose makes up roughly 30~40% of celluloid materials like corn stalks, grass, wood chips, leaves, etc. therefore a yeast that feeds on xylose can feed on almost anything in the plant kingdom. Besides these it’ has been also reported that yield can be increases up to 30~40%. In this paper few more efficient methods are proposed to consume almost all part of plant and effect of radiation of different wave length is also studied.

OP-6: Effect on diesel engine emissions with application of biodiesel fuel

Sachin Kumar, Debasish Das, M. K. Pathak and A. K. Saini Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Hamirpur, H. P., India

[email protected],[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite reserves are highly concentrated in certain regions of the world. Biodiesel has received, and continues to receive, considerable attention for its potential use as alternative fuels. Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid made from animal fat or vegetable oils. The main resources for biodiesel production can be non-edible oils obtained from plant species such as Hevca brasiliensis (Rubber), Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot), Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), Calophyllum inophyllum (Nagchampa) etc. Application of biodiesel in diesel engine results in lower emissions. The fuel properties of biodiesel are very similar to the diesel fuel so it can work in existing infrastructure for conventional diesel without any modification in diesel engine. A wide range of diesel engine sizes and types was tested in the reviewed literature. This article provides a review on emission characteristics and comparison between the performance characteristics, efficiency of biodiesel and diesel engine in compression ignition (CI) engines.

OP-7: Comparative Study of Indoor Radon and its Progeny in Dwellings Around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, India and its Neighbouring Regions

Meena Mishra1, Rajendra Prasad3, Shiva Sukula4 and V. K Rastogi2

1Department of Applied Physics, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh, India 2 Department of Physics, 4Department of Library Science, CCS University, Meerut, India

3 Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, India [email protected]

Radon pollution is an important global problem of radiation hygiene. Radon and its progeny are the major contributors in the radiation dose received by general population of the world [1]. Short-lived radon and its

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decay products are the most important sources of radiation from natural sources which affect human beings [2]. Radon is a radioactive gas which makes the primary contribution to the natural radiation to which people are exposed [3]. The aim of the present study is to measure the radon concentration at Ukahalana and Sunami Villages situated about 5 km and 3 km respectively, from Kasimpur Coal fired Thermal Power Plant, Aligarh, India. Large quantity of coal consumed by coal-fired power plants is likely to increase the quantity of radon in the surroundings and in neighboring regions due to subsequent emission of fly ash to the environment . This increase may be due to the fact that coal contains uranium and radon is a member of uranium decay series. In the present study radon dosimeters containing LR-115 type II detector films in bare mode were placed in 30 rooms in the dwellings around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant, 20 rooms in the dwellings of Ukhalana village and 10 rooms in the dwellings of Sunamai village. LR-11 type II solid state nuclear track detectors fixed on a thick flat card were exposed in bare mode. Track etch technique has been used to estimate the radon concentration. Annual effective dose has been calculated from the radon concentration to carry out the assessment of the variability of expected radon exposure of the population due to radon and its progeny. The radon concentration in the dwellings of Kasimpur Thermal power plant varies from 56.2 to 241.4 Bq m-3 with an average value of 150.24 Bq m-3. Annual effective dose equivalent in the dwelling around Kasimpur Thermal Power Plant varies from 2.1 to 9.2 mSv y-1 with an average value of 5.71 mSv y-1 . The measured radon concentration in the dwellings of Ukhalana Village varies from 44.3 to 236.1 Bq m-3 with an average value of 136.49 Bq m-3. Annual effective dose equivalent varies from 1.7 mSv y-1 to 9.0 mSv y-1 with an average value of 5.21 mSv y-1 .However, the measured radon concentration in the dwellings of Sunamai village varies from 66.1 to 234.8 Bq m-3 , with an average value of 134.25 Bq m-3. Annual effective dose equivalent varies from 2.5 mSv y-1 to 8.9 mSv y-1 with an average value of 5.1 mSv y-1.

OP-8: Assessment of Physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga at Haridwar for ascertaining its suitability for drinking purposes

Monika Tyagi

Beehive college of Engineering and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

This paper deals with the measurement of Turbidity, Conductivity, Chloride, Sulphate, Sodium, Potassium, DO, BOD, COD, and Ammonical Nitrogen. In the sample of holy river Ganga Calsium and Magnesium ions are experimentally evaluated by titrimetric method with respect to Hardness. The excessive amount of these ions make the water unsuitable for drinking purpose. The value of parameters increase as we proceed from Har ki pauri to Jatwara pul via Prem nagar ashram. The chief sources of increasing the pollution load are organic chemicals such as detergents, pesticides, inorganic chemicals like metal compounds, salt and acids, infectious agents from hospitals many big and small industrial units established in Haridwar. Domestic waste, effuents, garbage are almost directly discharged into the Ganga river.This impurity of Ganga river water may be hazard for the health of residence of the city.

OP-9: Ground water Management using Remote Sensing Data: a Case study Neha Singh1 and S. K. Yadav2

1 Department of Environmental Science, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India 2Department of Environmental Science, SCRIET, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

Remote Sensing or satellite data is extremely important in assessment of ground water potential areas. SPOT and IRS-1A data was used to assess ground water potential areas which falls between latitudes 28o 29’ to 28o 35’ E and longitudes 77o 3’ to 77o 16’ N. Ground water management require sustainable use and development (recharge) approach. Based on drainage pattern and slope of the study area, remote sensing data is helpful in suitable site selection of check dams for ground water recharge/ conservation. Total 14 check dam sites were identified using satellite (remote sensing) data in the study area. Mean reflectance values at suggested check dam sites were 1.06 % to 4.53 %. Lineament densities were also estimated using satellite data to identify ground water potential areas. Lineament density is directly proportional to ground water availability in an area. Study area is highly variable in terms of lineament densities at different locations. Areas indicating high lineament densities are highly potential (good aquifers) to possess ground water availability. Ground water modeling requires limited land use / land cover classification, which can be done with the help of remote sensing data using unsupervised classification which is then refined on the basis of ground truth .The integrated use of GIS and remote sensing techniques can be successfully used to develop conceptual ground water model .The water demand vis-a-vis water resources availability is evaluated based on hydro-geological set up, field investigation and interpretation of satellite (remote sensing) data.

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OP-10: Groundwater Contamination Due to Municipal Solid Waste Disposal at Delhi, India

Nitin Kamboj

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Waste is a byproduct of life. High standards of living and ever increasing population have resulted in an increase in the quantity of wastes generated. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generally a combination of household and commercial refuse which is generated from the living community. Among the multitude of the environmental problem existing in the urbanizing cities of developing countries, MSW management and its impact on groundwater quality have become the most prominent in the recent years. In study it was found that the (TDS) of Gazipur area in high range and above the permissible limit that of 500mg/l which may because of high concentration of dissolve solids (TDS) in water causes adverse effect in taste. Highest value (2061 mg/l) of TDS was found at the Ga12 while the minimum value (1061 mg/l) was found at the Ga2. High concentration of chloride ions results in objectionable taste in water as per study it was found that the chloride level in water samples were in range between 60-560mg/l minimum and maximum respectively as permissible limit is 250 mg/l. OP-11: Atmospheric biopollutants of fungal origin in different educational institute and

their allergenic behaviour.

Padma Singh, Priyanka Chaudhary and Raina Kanya Gurukul Girl’s Campus, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Air is an essential part of our environment. The microbial population of atmosphere at any place constitutes its “air spora”.Air contains many fungal spores but their number and type depends on time of the day, weather, season and geographical location. The present study deals with the incidence of viable and culturable mycoflora in the atmosphere of different educational institutes of Haridwar. In view of the fact that air borne fungal spores are one of the main causative factors for allergy in human beings. Trapping and identification of various air borne fungal spores was done. Exposed plate technique (EPM) was employed for trapping aeromycoflora using both SDA and CDA medium. The temperature and relative humidity were also recorded at the time of sampling. The most dominant fungi recorded during air monitoring in the morning was Aspergillus sppI (36.91%) followed by Aspergillus spp II (32.39%), Microsporum, (22.99%), Mucor (8.06%), Rhizopus (6.32%) and others (3.79%).In the evening, the percentage occurrence of fungi recorded were Aspergillus spp.I (26.76%) followed by Aspergillus spp.II (20.59%),Microsporum (17.48%), Mucor (6.84%), Rhizopus (4.88%) and others (3.77%) respectively. Fungi isolated are known to have pathogenic effect on human health including various allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis.

OP-12: Green Technology versus Gene technology

Padma Singh, Deepika, Priyanka and Bhavya Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,

Uttrakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Plants are the most dominating forms on this planet. The main goal of the economically important crops like rice, wheat, corn, oilseeds and vegetables etc. for the production of high quality food in substantial quantity can be accomplished by optimizing plant growth overcoming abiotic and biotic stress. To meet these high expectations in agriculture, genomics as an integrated technology platform will play a key role in future. It will help to find new solutions for improved germplasm and chemical crop protection. The development of agriculture during the green versus gene revolution create drastic enhancement in productivity but unfortunately it is not sustainable. Sustainable system requires indigenous knowledge and biotechnology for managing soil fertility, controlling pests & diseases, soil preparation planting material’s & harvesting. Gene technology especially genomics has several positive implication like solution for improved germplasm in crop plants by optimization of endogenous gene or new ones in order to improve crop traits and secondly genomics solution for chemical crop protection i.e. validation of genes and their proteins from insects fungi and weed in order to test their efficacy as molecular targets of novel insecticides fungicides or herbicides.

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OP-13: Disinfected water for Millions and Development of the low cost Solar Devices for Household Drying

Pramod V. Pathak

Satyam, Pundalik Nagar, Parvari, Panaji, Goa, India [email protected]

Nearly 900 million people suffer from infected water supply and the annual death toll reported is as high as 4.5 million due to water contaminated with fecal matter and bacteria like E. Coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, etc. These bacteria can be effectively inactivated by heating water to more than 50-55 deg C and by solar irradiation. Earlier experiments have shown that about 8 hrs of exposure to sunlight permanently deactivates the pathogenic bacteria. It is the basis for current set of experiments on solar water heating. The paper deals with development of low cost solar water heating devices for economically deprived section of the society to produce disinfected water for millions at family level. Experiments are carried out with different types of acrylic boxes, steel and aluminum bowls and with simple multiple reflectors made from thin plastic sheets to heat water stored in glass, PET plastic bottles and metallic jars to check temperatures achieved by solar heating. Comparative study is made of different combinations of construction. Different colored bottles are used for storing water. It is verified that these devices invariably achieve temperatures higher than 50 deg C. The colored bottles give water at higher temperatures than the transparent bottles. Exposure to higher temperatures and solar radiation ensures inactivation of pathogen bacteria. Use of plastic sheet reflecting screens and PET bottles have advantage over the costly and bulky glass mirrors and easy availability of PET bottle at virtually no cost. These are a low cost devices costing in the price range of Rs 800.00 ($16) to Rs 1200.00 ($24). These are equivalent to a week’s earning for a casual laborer. When produced on mass scale the price will still be reduced. Further experiments are in progress to make these set ups more effective and easy to operate and produce disinfected water 10 lt to meet requirements for a family of 5 people at 2 lt per head per day. The same set up is being explored to be used to cook rice and khichadi in combination with water bottles. The products like mango, jackfruit pulp cake, drying of tamarind and many spicy items produced in Goa and down south can be carried out in acrylic box type solar dryers. These dryers achieve temperatures of the order of 50-55 deg C on the days with clear sky. Breadfruit is the most popular dish in Goa. Breadfruit slices were initially pre-processed and then dried by solar drying in acrylic dryers. The product thus produced has shown shelf life of more than one year. This has shown the possibility of producing dry slices of breadfruit at household level. It has potential of producing packed and marketable product from breadfruit which otherwise go waste in large quantities. It will help to generate employment potential at village level and give boost to planting of breadfruit trees adding to the green cover and promote environmental restoration.

OP-14: Bio-Diesel as Future Fuel for Automotive Vehicles

Pulkit Jain Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mining, Dhanba, India

[email protected] In the coming years we are going to face huge energy crisis. Thus we need to develop some non-conventional but economical energy sources. Biodiesel can prove to be beneficial economically and is also an eco-friendly fuel for automotive vehicles. Biodiesel is monoalkyl ester of long chain fatty acids produced from the TRANS-ESTERIFICATION reaction of vegetable oil with alcohol in presence of catalyst. It has better lubricity characteristic & readily mixes with diesel. It also has comparable heating value content. It is obtained from different raw materials in different countries, viz. Jatropha oil in India & China, Soyabean oil in USA and Canada, Rape Seed oil and Sunflower oil in Europe, etc. Being in its intial stage of development, it is at present used as a blend with diesel and has a future prospect of being used in pure form. Biodiesel when used in diesel engines show negligible change even upto 20% blend. Pure biodiesel needs certain modifications in fuel filter, fuel hoses, etc in a normal diesel engine. The problem in its storage and handling are the main hindrances for its mass usage, as it undergoes oxidation causing fuel deposits. The main advantages of using biodiesel are that it reduces hydrocarbon and CO emissions and the best part is performance of the vehicle remains unaltered. Being Carbon neutral is also a very important advantage of biodiesel.

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OP-15: Green Marketing: Environmentally Responsible way of Marketing

Rajat Agrawal1 and Vishnu Nath2

1Department of Management Studies, IIT, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India 2Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Consumption of various products is essential for a comfortable life. Creating, offering and exchanging products of value with others in order to satisfy needs and wants of individuals and groups is known as marketing (Kotler, 1997). Marketers in order to satisfy variety of needs of target markets have exploited natural resources without any consideration of natural capacity of ecosystem to restore. As a result of uncontrolled use of land, water, air and other natural products, consumption method of these products and disposing of used products have put a serious challenge for society. Green Marketing is the emergence of a new definition of marketing where all the aspects of business and production activities are done with environmental focus. Starting from the product concept stage i.e. eco innovations to green product development, green marketing innovations are readily improving the efficiency of present technology to be more efficient thus putting less strain on the limited resources, but also at the same time it is making industries more profitable due to this achieved efficiency. Present paper discusses in detail this concept of Green Marketing in detail involving various stages in the process of green marketing.

OP-16: Electrochemical degradation of Adsorable Organic Halides from paper industry effluents

Rajni Sharma*, Satish Kumar and Chhaya Sharma Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur, India

[email protected], [email protected] Adsorable organic halides (AOX) compounds are produced during the bleaching of pulp in the paper industry and are recalcitrant and persist in nature for long. This paper reports experimental results on the effect of these chlorinated compounds formation from eucalyptus kraft pulp bleaching and its reduction using electrochemical treatment process. The treatment experiments were performed in a batch mode using laboratory setup. It was found that adsorable organic halides can be efficiently degraded using electrochemical oxidation and can be reduced more than 60% in the wastewater.

OP-17: Soil Fertility Management using Spatial Technologies: A Case study

Ritu Nagdev1 and S. K. Yadav2

1Department of Environmental Science, CCS University, Meerut U. P., India 2Environmental Sciences, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected], [email protected] Spatial technologies (Remote Sensing & GIS) are extremely important for soil fertility management. Sustainable agriculture is now on the agenda of agricultural institutions over the entire world. Soil fertility management problem is aggravated by environmental hazards associated with modern technology in the agriculture and there are also pressures to reduce the use of agricultural inputs, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, soil fertility management for sustainable agriculture is a primary concern and sustainable agriculture is now on the agenda of agricultural institutions over the entire world. The problem is aggravated by environmental hazards associated with modern technology in the agriculture. The qualitative nutrient estimation of soil data is used as non-spatial data in GIS system, along with all other non-spatial data. Estimated mean NPK values were 0.290 %, 0.189 % and 0.273 % respectively; and mean pH value observed was 7.01. Light soils or less fertile soils reflect more energy and organic (fertile soils) absorb more radiation energy and reflect less radiation and therefore appears with clear distinct tons on the imageries. Spatial and non-spatial data is integrated, and then analysis and modeling is done in GIS to get desired output in the form of tables and maps. Complex problems are converted into simpler one using remote sensing and GIS applications for soil fertility management. Planning is executed and finally decisions are taken based on GIS output for soil fertility management towards sustainable development.

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OP-18: Treatment of wastewater by natural aquatic plants systems; a review

Satya Narain1, S. K. Mishra1, C. S. P.Ojha2, and U. C. Chaube1 1Department of Water Resource and Management

2Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Reviews and studies showed that vascular aquatic plants have ability to remove nutrients from water and that aquatic plants demonstrate potentials for reducing nutrients and metals in wastewater effluent. Aquatic plants uptake contaminants and stores in its biomass. These plants are called bio-accumulators as they accumulate the contaminants in their tissues. The uptake of contaminants is by three methods, Root absorption, foliar absorption, Adsorption. The efficiency of waste water treatment was expressed in terms of the variation in pH, biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and heavy metals before and after treatment. This system could be provided alone or together with other systems used for treating waste water. In the conclusion, investigation demonstrated the feasibility of adopting a "sustainable" and eco-friendly approach to waste water treatment using aquatic plants & water management.

OP-19: Different Species Based Bio-Diesel Production Sustainability: Scope in Developing Countries

S. K. Yadav

Environmental Sciences, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India [email protected]

Bio diesel (bio-fuel), could revitalize agriculture and livelihoods, is being taken as an ultimate alternative to solve the energy crisis at the regional, National as well as International level. As per estimates, bio fuels have forced the global prices up to 75 %. Bio-diesel, has emerged as the most probable substitute for petro-diesel, includes edible as well as non-edible oils. Non-edible oils’ utilization is more viable economically in developing countries like India because edible oil is used for consumption. Many families of microbes especially algae have tremendous potential for bio-diesel production. Species like Jatropha curcas, Pongamia pinnata, Madhuca indica etc have been successfully used for bio-diesel development. Genetically modified species can leads to further enhancement of bio-diesel productivity. However, some edible oils may be utilized for bio-diesel development in case of its abundance presence and species like Schleichera oleosa (Kusum) can be experimented to see effect of agitation rate, molar ratio, amount of catalyst, viability, sustainability etc to develop bio-diesel finally. Bio-diesel production sustainability assessment depends on many factors like type & availability of material/ plant species used efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, production rate, environmental issues. Moreover, genetically engineered species can enhance the production of bio-fuel/ bio-diesel. India has approximately 20 % geographical area as waste land and 50 % of this may be developed and utilized for growing plant species used for bio-diesel production with efforts. Afforestation/ reforestation on such waste lands also improve air quality and therefore global environmental health. The Government should also initiate reforms in its policies through amendments in existing provisions and in formation of more effective new rules. Further research is needed to understand viability & sustainability of bio-diesel production with respect to demand as well as environmental pollution.

OP-20: Electromagnetic wave Impacts on Functional Ecosystem: Some Important Issues

S. K. Yadav

Environmental Sciences, SCRIET,CCS University, Meerut U. P., India [email protected]

Electromagnetic (EM) waves have impacts on both biotic and abiotic components of functional ecosystem. An electromagnetic wave can be created by accelerating charges, moving charges back and forth will produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields, or source could be anything like use of cell phones, transmission lines for electricity etc and these travel at the speed of light. The impact of EM radiation on any component of ecosystem depends on intensity, duration of exposure, frequency, wavelength, medium of propagation and ecosystem health. The energy in an electromagnetic wave is tied up in the electric and magnetic fields and an electromagnetic wave has both electric and magnetic fields, so the total energy density associated with an electromagnetic wave has more impact on ecosystem components. Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by

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a broad range of wavelengths and frequencies, each associated with a specific intensity (or amplitude) and quantity of energy. As far as impacts are considered, it is important to note that electromagnetic waves follow the laws of reflection as well as refraction, and it has been reported that electromagnetic waves can cause danger and risk to human health in the form of cancer, skin diseases, digestive problems and many other diseases. Researchers reported that exposure to weak electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can disturb the production of the hormone melatonin by the pineal gland in the brain, eventually leading to an increase in the risk of breast cancer and degenerative diseases such as coronary artery disease, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Likewise, epidemiological and laboratory reports suggest that children exposed to EMFs from power lines are at greater risk of developing leukemia, and that adults exposed to EMFs at work run a higher risk of leukemia and brain cancer. There are more recent concerns that cell phone users are more likely to suffer from brain tumors, but further research is required to assess confirmed specific impacts on particular organ system, and many physicists argue that there is no plausible mechanism by which low levels of non-ionizing radiation could affect living tissue, as magnetic fields are thought to be harmless, and electric fields are thought to flow around, rather than through the human body. Many epidemiologists have indicated that electromagnetic fields have biological effects, including an increase in the rate of cell division. Nevertheless, EM radiations have impact on all physiological process of biota (plants & animals including human being) and further research is needed to assess impacts on specific organ system of functional ecosystem.

OP-21Adsorptive Removal of a Hazardous Dye Tartrazine from Water and Wastewater

by Activated Gram Husk

Rajeev Jain and Shalini Sikarwar Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jiwaji University Gwalior, M. P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

The increase in environmental pollution caused by hazardous dyes is of great concern because of their carcinogenic properties, non-biodegradability and bio-accumulation. Coloured wastewater poses a challenge to the conventional wastewater treatment techniques. Solid−liquid phase adsorption has been found to be effective for the removal of dyes from effluent. In this study, the ability of gram husk as an adsorbent for the removal of a pharmaceutical dye, Tartrazine has been investigated under various experimental conditions. Tartrazine (trisodium salt of 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole) was selected as the model compound for this study because of its wide application in various pharmaceutical formulations either as such or in combination with some other dyes as color additives. The adsorption equilibrium data can be fitted well by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The effect of the experimental parameters, such as temperature, salt, and pH was investigated through a number of batch adsorption experiments. By using UV spectrophotometer, concentration of dye was measured before and after adsorption. The kinetic studies confirm the first order process for the adsorption reaction and also play an important role in finding out half-life of the adsorption process and rate constants for the adsorbents. Different thermodynamic parameters like Gibb's free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the undergoing process are also evaluated through these adsorption models. The estimated values for ∆Go were - 8.034 × 103 and -2.412 × 103 over activated carbon and activated gram husk at 303 K (30 oC), indicate toward a spontaneous nature of the process, and the positive heats of enthalpy suggest the endothermic nature of the process. The dye recovery has been achieved by eluting dil. NaOH through the exhausted columns. A significant decrease in the COD values was observed, which clearly indicates that adsorption method offer a good potential to remove Tartrazine from wastewater.

OP-22: Assessment of Underground Water Contamination In and Around

Shobha Gupta1*, Ranjana Dixit2 and Ravindra Kumar Sharma3

1 Department of Chemistry, D.A.K. College, Moradabad, U.P, India 2Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, Delhi, India

3 Testing and Calibration Lab Moradabad, U.P., India [email protected]

The present study was conducted to assess the various contamination in underground water in Moradabad city. Representative water samples were collected on random basis from hand pumps of eighteen sampling locations. The samples were analysed for major physical and chemical water quality parameters like pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids(TDS), total hardness(TH), Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl-, NO3

- & SO42-.

The underground water quality contamination level was found high at Lal Bagh and Katgarh area where number of electroplating units are working and their effluents were drained directly into the kaccha drainage system. The parameters such as pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, nitrate, sulphate and chloride show high

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deviation. Among the heavy metals, iron was found to be above the WHO limit. Our study concludes that underground water quality in study region shows variation in different parameters. Thus we found that regular monitoring of underground water quality in this region is highly important for our future sustainabilty. OP-23: A survey along the upstream Ganga canal identifying the number of drains and bathing ghats at Haridwar prior to Kumbh-2010 and assessing the water quality during

Kumbh on the same stretch.

Vandana Sati1 and Namita Joshi2

1Beehive College of Engineering and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalay, GKU Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] This paper deals first with the enumeration of drains (Regulated, Non-Regulated and Storm channels) and bathing ghats from Sarvanand Ghat to Jatwara Pul. 30 drains of aforesaid types were identified. Similarly, 53 bathing ghats (Paved and Unpaved) were recorded along the same stretch according to the study. Har ki Pauri and Muneshwar Ghat were chosen as sampling sites, various physicochemical parameters like temperature, TDS, conductivity, pH, DO, BOD and coliform levels were assessed before and after the snans. No appreciable change was noticed in water quality owing to low temperatures and tapping of drains mainly the regulated ones along the canal course.

OP-24: Waste Water Treatment Using Plant Material

Vimla Yadav*, Neetu Raina, and Rita Yadav Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities

Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, Haryana, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Water the most precious natural resource of the world, covers over 70% of the earth. In spite of such large quantity of water present over the earth surface, only 0.4% is available for use, whereas 97% earth water is the saline sea water and 2.6% is captured in polar ice caps, glaciers, atmosphere or underground, still 4,300,000 cubic kilometers [1] is available to sustain life on the planet earth. Water resources all over the world are under threat not only because of over exploitation and poor management but also by ecological degradation. Today, waste- water disposal is the major problem faced by developing countries, like India. At present only about 10% of the waste water [2] generated is treated and rest is discharged as such into the water bodies. Sewage treatment by plant materials is receiving attention of researchers, because it is effective, economical, eco-friendly and easy to implement in rural areas also. Plant material has been traditionally used to remove impurities since ancient times [3]. In India, Nirmali tree seeds were used to purify water. Similarly, Moringa olifera [4] commonly known as drumsticks is effective source of primary coagulant for water treatment. Scientists are exploring the possibility of using algae and bacteria etc. to fix the waste water and consequently use as alternative energy source. OP-25: A comparison of the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus

saularis) between tree cavities and nest boxes

Vinaya Kumar Sethi* and Dinesh Bhatt Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected] The Oriental Magpie Robin (Copsychus saularis), a common song bird of the Indian subcontinent, is a secondary cavity nester which selects cavities in a wide range of tree species. Rapid rate of deforestation due to developmental activities such as industrialization, urbanization, extension of agricultural activities in the native range of the Oriental Magpie Robin coupled with inter- and intraspecific competition for nesting cavities has been observed to decline in the population of this species. We studied the breeding biology of the Oriental Magpie Robin in natural tree cavities and artificial wooden nest boxes during 2008-2010 in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India (i) to examine whether different breeding parameters from nest boxes were comparable with data from tree cavities and (ii) to ascertain the potential of nest boxes as an alternative nest site for the conservation of this species.

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Results indicated that there were no significant differences in egg characteristics, clutch size, incubation period, hatching success and nestling period between nests in natural cavities and nest boxes. However, breeding success was found significantly higher in nest boxes as compared to cavities. This was caused due to the higher rate of predation and mortality of young in cavities than nest boxes. Besides this, in a recent study on the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), a sharp-declining bird species from many urban landscapes around the globe, we observed significantly higher breeding success of this species in nest boxes as compared to natural nests. It is clear from the results that nest boxes provide safe nesting sites to the Oriental Magpie Robin that in turn increases its breeding output. Thus, nest box fixation has a remarkable potential to be used in the conservation of the Oriental Magpie Robin and probably other secondary cavity nesting avian species.

OP-26: Biodiversity and It’s Economical Significance

Vipul Bhatt Department of Economics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Relationship between human cause and human effect is clearly tied into the functioning of the ecosystem. it is necessary to understand the way in which the ecological system works. In order to be able to predict what will happen to human wellbeing as a result of a human impact, it is first necessary to be able to predict what happens to the extent and variability of the biological resource. This is the province of the biophysical scientists. It is now seriously realize how much we depend upon wildlife for a wide range of so-called ecosystem services. These services, which include soil protection, pest control and the supply of clean water, are to a significant extent provided by natural and semi-natural ecosystems which in the past were thought to have little or no economic significance. This recognition has important implications for conservation. The emerging discipline of ecological economics provides methods for assessing the economic value of wildlife. While it is idle to pretend that the application of such methods will solve the biodiversity crisis, economic analysis can be useful in strengthening the case for conservation. Such analysis can demonstrate the potentially high economic value of wildlife, and reveal more clearly the economic and social pressures which threaten it. It is argued that while nature reserves and other protected areas will always be important, we must shift our attention increasingly to the preservation of biological diversity within the major forms of land-use. High priority must be given to finding ways of restoring biological diversity and enhancing ecosystem function in those areas which have already been seriously damaged. In these tasks ecological economics has an important role to play. The economics of biodiversity protection is a matter of probabilities. OP-27: The inhibition of atmospheric autoxidation of aqueous sulfur dioxide by volatile

organic compounds (VOCs).

Yogpal Dhayal*, C. P. S. Chandel and K. S. Gupta Atmospheric Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

[email protected] Acid rain is a well known pollution phenomenon being caused by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide in both gas and aqueous phases. One of the major causes of acidification of rain water is the oxidation of aqueous SO2 by O2 catalyzed by trace atmospheric constituents such as metallic and nonmetallic compounds, suspended particulate matter, etc. The atmosphere abounds in large number of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The role of VOCs in relation to the chemistry of acid rain is less understood. This lead us to study the kinetics of the oxidation of aqueous S(IV) by atmospheric oxygen in presence of several VOCs, such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, iso-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, ter-butyl alcohol, o-xylene , m-xylene, p-xylene, toluene, benzene etc. In general, in case of inhibition of the oxidation of S(IV), the kinetics was defined by the rate law: Raut = R0/( 1+ B[Inh]), where Raut is the rate of autoxidation in the presence of the inhibitor, R0 is the rate in the absence of inhibitor, B is an empirical inhibition parameter and [Inh] is the concentration of inhibitor. The values of B for different VOCs studied have been determined and compared. It is interesting to point out that out of three/four members of two xylenes/ butanols homologous series, one member did not inhibit the rate. The possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect would be presented.

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OP-28: Assessment of Impact of Various activities on Physico-chemical water quality of the Pond of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) along with pollution study of drains joining to the

Pond

J. S. Parihar1*, L. N. Gupta2, S. P. Parihar1, and G. S. Gupta2

1Department of Chemistry and Botany Govt. Maharaja P. G. College, Chhatarpur, M. P., India 2Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Energy & Environment,

Faculty of Science & Environment, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya University, Chitrakoot, Satna, M.P. India

[email protected] Present study deals with assessment of impact of various activities on physico-chemical water quality of Rajnagar (Khajuraho) pond, district Chhatarpur, M.P. along with pollution load study of locality drains joining to the pond. Monitoring was carried out once a year in month between February- March, 2011. Estimated physico-chemical parameters for pond water were temperature, turbidity, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH),calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Assessment of pollution load study of locality drains was carried out in term of BOD and TSS using flow rate. All parameters were analysed using prescribed standard methods for examination of water and wastewater and chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies. The higher values of conductivity, TDS, hardness, phosphate and BOD were noticed due to more additional activities by surrounding mass. While all physico-chemical parameters were safe within their recommended standards as per WHO. Total generated wastewater of both sides of drain was found 3.5 MLD. The total pollution load of both sides of drains was found 852.43 and 550.33 kg/day in term of BOD and TSS respectively.

OP-29: Improve mental health, Control diseases and save Environment by the Cultivation of Ornamental and fragranted flowering Plants in India

S. R. Katiyar* and Archana

Department of Botany, Govt. P.G.College, Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Scientific development, urbanization, industrialization and rapid increasing human population give more struggle to human beings and polluted the environment. Now-a-days, people are facing problems like residence, education, employment and competition in various fields to achieve better than others is feeling show the tense life, which give the insecurity and more anxiety to human beings. So some people are suffering from many harmful diseases like high blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, etc. Above harmful diseases and all the mental diseases are begin from the anxiety. Thus, those persons are not mentally fit or anxiety free, they can’t do their work efficiently and not well adjusted with their society. From this, so many problems will be arises in the human society. For the human well adjustment and relaxation from anxiety to give them more entertainment facilities and other pleasant atmosphere that will able to reduce the anxiety. In this sense, we should be planted ornamental and fragranted flowering plants along the road sides and make parks/gardens from them. In this connection, we have prepared a list of 88 ornamental and fragranted flowering plants consisted a habit namely tree, shrub and climber with their special uses individually. No doubt, beautiful scented plants attract to movers and passengers. Every person will feel happy and forget his problem and tension between them. These plants also reduce noise and air pollution effect on human beings and give some important things to people and able to make the environmental balance also.

OP-30: Efficiency of Aspergillus fumigatus for decolourization and detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent

A. K. Chopra and Pushpendra Pal Singh

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Biosorption is an efficient technique for the decolourization and detoxification of Pulp and Paper mill effluent (black liquor). An experimental study was conducted for aerobic treatment in Bench-top Bioreactor to find out

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the degradability of pulp and paper mill effluent using Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC No. 3377).The experiment was conducted in controlled conditions using various pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5) and temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC). After 7th day of incubation period, the fungal strain A. fumigatus showed potential degradation of colour and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent at optimum 5.5 pH and 25oC temperature. The significant reduction was found in colour (78.65%), lignin (62.03%), BOD (67.50%) and COD (50.12%) of the Pulp and paper mill effluent with A. fumigatus in 7 days.

OP-31: Bioavailability of metallic contents in agricultural soil affected by waste water at Dehradun city

Chakresh Pathak and A. K. Chopra

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Accumulation of metallic contents of soil affected from wastewater irrigation is a cause of serious problem concern due to their potential accumulation in vegetables and food products growing in such affected areas. The present study revealed that in waste water being disposed near the Railway station, Pathri Bagh area at Dehradun city for irrigation of vegetables had maximum concentration of Pb (0.71±0.06 mg/l) and Cu (0.45±0.04 mg/l) in summer season, Cd (0.09±0.00 mg/l) in monsoon season, Zn (0.46±0.01 mg/l), Ni (1.28±0.00 mg/l), and Cr (1.56±0.18 mg/l) in winter season during the year 2008-2009. The metallic contents in waste-water used for irrigation were below the permissible limits (WHO) set for agricultural use for all heavy metals except Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd in summer season, while in winter season the Ni, Cd and Cr concentrations were above the permissible limits. In waste water irrigated soil, the metal contents were maximum for Ni (74.85±15.04 mg/kg), Cd (22.22±0.95 mg/kg) and Cr (81.24±1.34 mg/kg) in monsoon season while the concentration of Pb (122.23±3.57 mg/kg), Cu (56.79±15.77 mg/kg) and Zn (195.87±14.03 mg/kg) were found in winter season in comparison to the control (irrigated with tubewell water). The mean heavy metal contents in waste water irrigated soil were below the permissible limits for all heavy metals except Cd. The enrichment factor (EF) for Cr (8.74) was maximum and minimum for Cu (0.88). The EF for different metals were in the order of Cr (8.74) > Ni (1.85) > Pb (1.77) > Cd (1.68)> Zn (1.46)> Cu (0.88) in summer season, Zn (4.03) > Ni (2.57) > Cd (2.38)> Cu (2.16) >Cr (1.78) > Pb (1.56) in monsoon season and in winter season Cr (5.13) > Pb (4.82) >Zn (4.70) > Cu (3.07) > Ni (2.61) > Cd (1.18). The present study concluded that the waste water irrigation has increased the metallic contents in soil in comparison to tube well water irrigated soil. Monitoring of the affected waste-water irrigated area should be done in regular intervals so that concentration of metallic contents may not cross the prescribed standard permissible limits.

OP-32: Electrochemical treatment of secondarily treated sewage-wastewater

A. K. Chopra and Arun Kumar Sharma Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences

Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Electrochemical treatment can be an effective technique for treatment secondarily treated sewage-wastewater .The present investigation has observed the effect of electrolytic time, applied voltage, pH and supporting electrolyte on COD removal efficiency of secondarily treated sewage wastewater.. A glass chamber of 2 liter volume was used for the experiment with two electrode plates of aluminum each having area of 125 cm2 and 2 cm distance apart from each other. The treatment showed that the removal efficiency of COD increased to 84.9 % with the increase in applied voltage, time and supporting electrolyte (NaCl) dosage. The most effective removal efficiency was seen at pH 7. Further, 0.5 g/l NaCl as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical treatment was found to be very efficient for the removal of COD (84.9%) at 12 volt in 30 minutes.

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OP-33: Effect of Electric field on Swelling and Controlled Drug Loading Characteristic of Anionic Hydrogels Based on PEG-b-Poly (NIPAM-co-AMPS)

A. K. Saikia1*, Saroj Aggarwal2, Harjeet Singh1, S. P. Sharma3 and U. K. Mandal4 1 Department of Plastic Engineering, G. N. D. Polytechnic Institute, Delhi, India

2 University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, G G S Indraprastha University, Delhi, India 3Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

4University School of Chemical Technology, G G S Indraprastha University, Delhi, India [email protected]

Electrosensitive hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) with different molar ratio in presence of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as macroinitiator. The incorporation of functional monomer in the hydrogel was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The swelling behaviour of hydrogels under an electric field application was investigated as a function of AMPS concentration in the feed composition and electric field intensity. The result indicated that the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) of hydrogels strictly depend on concentration of AMPS monomer in the feed composition and electric field intensity. The equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) increases from 54 (no electric field) to 188 (by application of 571 V/m electric field) for the hydrogel sample having 10 mol% of AMPS concentration in the feed composition. The swelling process of hydrogels exhibited a Non-Fickian diffusion model without electric field and super case-II diffusion model under application of electric field. The drug loading characteristics of these hydrogels were also investigated in the presence of an electric field.

OP-34: Preparation and Characterization of Bi based Ternary oxide systems

Anoopshi Johari1 and Anima Johari2

1 Bipin Tripathi Kumaon Engg. College, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India 2Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India

[email protected] Multiferroics represent an appealing class of functional materials that exhibit different ferroic properties simultaneously. The coexistence of several interactions, particularly existence of a cross-coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic interactions, known as “magnetoelectric (ME) coupling”, brings about novel physical phenomena and offer possibilities for new device functions. In recent years, BiFeO3 (BF) is one of the most extensively studied multiferroic materials and it is the only material known to exhibit magnetic order (TN= 643 K) and ferroelectric order (ferroelectric transition temperature Tc= 1103 K) at room temperature. Solid Solution of BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-PT) is one such solid-solution, which exhibits improved dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic properties and is reported as a potential candidate for enhanced ME coupling. In present work, we report detailed studies made on Bi- based ternary oxide systems along with a very important study made on binary oxide solid-solution series. The two Bi- based solid solutions series studied are:

(i) BiFeO3-SmFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-SmF-PT) (ii) (ii) BiFeO3-NdFeO3- PbTiO3 (BF-NdF-PT)

The Neodymium (Nd) doped and Samarium (Sm) doped BF-PT samples of [(Bi0.5-x Ndx) FeO3]0.50 – (PbTiO3)0.50 were successfully synthesized via solid state reaction route method. The structures are sintered at the temperature of 1100°C and 1200°C. The Nd doped BF-PT samples were polished by using the diamond paste. The as synthesized samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for studying their surface morphology and crystal structure. The SEM images confirm the growth of Nd doped BF-PT nanoparticles and powder. SEM results also conclude that the particle size is different for different composition and have diameter from 1µm to 2 µm in Nd doped BF-PT nanostructures and 1 µm to 5 µm in Sm doped BF-PT powder.

OP-35: A Novel Multi-objective Approach for Planning of DGs in Emerging Power Systems

Bindeshwar Singh, K. S. Verma, Deependra Singh and S. N. Singh

[email protected]

In this paper, a novel muti-objective evolutionary computational algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique has been proposed for planning of DGs form the different performance

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parameters of power systems viewpoint such as minimize the active power losses and cost of system, improve the voltage profile, increase the loadability of systems, and provide the reactive power support in emergency case such fault occur or suddenly change in field excitation of alternators, or suddenly load increased in power systems. A simulation for proposed algorithm has been not performed on any test systems. Only algorithms are developed in this paper. The simulation and results discussed in the next paper on test systems such as IEEE-14, IEEE-57, and IEEE-300 bus systems for planning of DGs and the results obtained are encouraging and will be useful in electrical restructuring.

OP-36: Developing an Artificial Intelligence learning technique based PROLOG application for finding optimal solution of TSP problem

Garima Krishna and Khaliqur Rehman Ansari

Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected] Traveling salesman problem (TSP) means that a travelling salesman needs to promote products in n cities. After visiting each city (each city can be visited once), he returns to the departure city. TSP has been proven to be a NP-hard problem, i.e. failure of finding a polynomial time algorithm to get a optimal solution. TSP is easy to interpret, yet hard to solve. This problem has aroused many scholars’ interests since it was put forward in 1932. However, until now, no effective solution has been found. Though TSP only represents a problem of the shortest ring road, in actual life, many physical problems are found to be the TSP. We hope to find a travelling route with the shortest length. So, it is of significance to make a study on the problem of the shortest route. This renders us a use value. In this paper we introduce GK-Ant, a family of algorithms which present many similarities with Q-learning (Watkins, 1989), and which we apply to the solution of symmetric and asymmetric instances of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GK-Ant algorithms were inspired by work on the ant system (AS), a distributed algorithm for combinatorial optimization based on the metaphor of ant colonies which was recently proposed in (Dorigo, 1992; Dorigo, Maniezzo and Colorni, 1996). We show that AS is a particular instance of the GK-Ant family, and that there are instances of this family which perform better than AS. We experimentally investigate the functioning of GK-Ant and we show that the results obtained by GK-Ant on symmetric TSP's are competitive with those obtained by other heuristic approaches based on neural networks or local search. Finally, we apply GK-Ant to some difficult asymmetric TSP's obtaining very good results: GK-Ant was able to find solutions of a quality which usually can be found only by very specialized algorithms.

OP-37: Bio - Thermal Effect Due to Radiation from Broadcasting Antenna

Hemendra Tripathi1*, Devendra Singh2, Shivani Avasthi1 and P. P. Pathak1

1*Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Physics, FET, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Radio frequency radiation emitted by radio broadcasting antenna causes the thermal effect as it gets penetrated and absorbed inside the tissues. The specific absorption rate in consequence of induced electric field due to radio tower is numerically calculated and graphically represented at different distances from the transmission tower. The depth of penetration inside the some selected tissues is varied from 10 µm to 50 µm. The thermoregulatory mechanism of the body which maintains the body temperature at a set point is also discussed. The unavailability of sufficient mechanisms to carry away all of the unwanted heat during the gain of heat energy deposited through broadcasting antenna may cause the damage of tissues which would be harmful for human being. The international guidelines of WHO and ICNIRP are used to compare the amount of energy deposition in the tissues due to radio frequency of high power broadcasting antenna.

OP-38: Production of biogas and other products by utilizing waste glycerol

Venko Beschkov and Ivan Angelov*

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria [email protected], [email protected]

Biofuels are considered as alternative to conventional fuels, but in the context of the rising prices of oil and keeping the environment safe from pollution, they could become the fuels of the future. Biofuels are produced

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by extracting from biomass, which is a renewable source of energy. Under “biofuels” it is understood fuels like ethanol, produced from biomass by fermentation; biodiesel produced from plant oils and animal fats and biogas, produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes. Biodiesel is alternative fuel to conventional diesel. One of the main problems in the industrial production of the biodiesel is the waste glycerol. It is estimated that for every 1 tone of biodiesel, 100 kg of waste glycerol is produced. This glycerol contains water, methanol, and other compounds. Because of the lower quality of this kind of glycerol, it is not profitable to be sold in the market. New applications for that glycerol are under scientific research. Some of these applications might be the production of different organic compounds; production of biogas, which could be used as fuel for heating, cooking, generating electricity and as fuel in vehicles. The process is called anaerobic digestion, which is carried out in bioreactors. In the case of glycerol, anaerobic digestion consists of two main steps: conversion into organic acids and carbon dioxide and hydrogen, consequent conversion of these intermediates into methane. The problem consists in the very high sensitivity of the methanogenic bacteria to pH – variation, caused by the accumulation of acids. The purpose is to investigate the possibility of utilizing the glycerol by anaerobic digestion. The bioreactor is loaded with a solution of waste glycerol and water. It was shown that the glycerol could be used as substrate for producing biogas, but not in a large scale factory. It is also possible to produce organic acids, which have a lot of applications, as well as compost, which could be used as alternative of the artificial fertilizers.

OP-39: Green Approach towards ICT and Cloud Computing

Mahendra Singh Aswal and Vinod Kumar Department of Computer Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The ICT has emerged as the integral and essential part of our daily life today. The rapid technological advancement is being observed in the area of computer hardware and communication. The domain of Internet-based communications has recently been under tremendous growth, with router hardware now able to process data at a rate of several terabits per second. At the same time, the upcoming wireless technology has enabled users to be ‘connected’ anytime and anywhere in the world. However, it is important to consider all the costs that arise from such new technology. Besides acquisition and maintenance costs, energy consumption of computation, storage and communications is becoming increasingly significant. Rising energy costs and the need to reduce carbon emissions have led to an increased awareness of the need to improve energy efficiency wherever possible. For computing equipment such as monitors and desktop computers, standards like Energy Star exist to ensure that energy resources are used efficiently. However, little attention has so far been paid to energy consumption in networks, and comparable standards for networking equipment do not yet exist. Fortunately, there is potential to improve energy efficiency in networks, as despite their energy consumption being high, their utilization is generally below 5%. Cloud computing has recently received considerable attention, as a promising energy-efficient approach for delivering ICT services. The present paper, reviews various methods and technologies currently used for energy-efficient or green operation of computer hardware and network infrastructure and explores some of the key issues regarding implementation of green ICT solutions in cloud computing and network environment.

OP-40: On Semi-Projective Modules

Manoj Kumar Patel

Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

In this paper we have studied the properties of quasi-principally projective module related with generalized Hopfian and variants of supplemented modules. We have discussed the summand intersection property, summand sum property and proved that for a non-M-cosingular quasi principally projective module M, if M is (completely) direct−supplemented then it has summand sum property. Apart from this we have introduced the idea of generalized hollow module and for an epi-retractable, uniserial quasi-principally projective module we have proved that discrete, quasi-discrete, lifting, hollow and generalized hollow modules are equivalent.

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OP-41: Comparative study of the Thermal performance of Flat Plate Solar Air Heater for different Models

Naveen Sharma*, Promila and Sunil

[email protected]

Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products and where less than 100

oC fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental

(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate, emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.

OP-42: Recent Development and Application of Anticorrosive Paints

N. Srivastva1*, A. Mehrotra 1 and M. G. H. Zaidi2

1Departmentof Applied Chemistry, M. J. P.Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, U. P., India 2 College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pant Nagar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Corrosion protection of ships in the marine environment has challenged us for years. Nowadays many innovative types of epoxy coatings and specialized paints available to prevent corrosion attack. Ships and offshore structures require protection against the marine environment. This protection is required above and below the waterline as well as the splash zone in offshore structures, being exposed to both air and liquid. To preserve iron work from corrosion, by reducing the formation of rust to a minimum, it has been coated with anti-corrosive paints. A novel coating exhibits very high resistance to corrosion attack, long term stability in destructive media and an environmentally friendly. A paint formulated with a corrosive-resistant pigment (such as lead chromate, zinc chromate, or red lead) and moisture-resistant binder used to protect iron and steel surfaces. Besides metals, these compounds give an excellent bonding with concrete surfaces. The product components in solution penetrate into the porous concrete surface and form plastic tentacles within the substrate which firmly hold the coating to provide an extra strong bonding with the concrete surface. The coating prevents erosion of the concrete by weather, water, chemicals and gases. The coating prevents the growth of fungus, moss, algae and other vegetative as well as bacterial life. All oil-based paints are not anti-corrosion paints. They are merely decorative paints which protect the metal surface partially against the climatic corrosion but fail to work against the drastic corrosion caused by various industrial chemicals & gases. It possesses a unique self priming property, the use of special primer is recommended to produce a durable coating, however in the absence of primer, a suitable Zinc Phosphate / Zinc Chromate primer can be used.

OP-43: Technology capacity building for E-waste recycling: A comparison between the technology used by formal and informal sectors

Sirajuddin Ahmed1, Mohammed Shakeel 2 and Rashmi Makkar Panwar3

12Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India 3 G. B. Pant. Polytechnic, New Delhi, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Solid waste management is a gigantic task in India. The phenomenal growth in Information Technology as well exponential increase in use of electronic gadgets in our daily life over the past decade, has resulted in generation of huge quantity of Electronic waste(E-waste). The complex composition of E-waste has further complicated the issue of solid waste management. E-waste contains many types of metallic and non metallic hazardous chemicals. When electronic waste is dumped in landfills, not only all the energy and material used in making the product is lost, but it also poses high risk of environmental hazards. Their improper disposal may cause severe environmental problems. Electronic junk contains a fair amount of useful components and materials which can be reused or recycled. The major issue of E-waste management in India is the presence of un-organized backyard recyclers who are practicing E-waste recycling by adopting crude methods resulting in inefficient recovery, besides causing health and environmental hazards. Informal sector recycles more than 90 % of the entire E-waste handled .In this paper, a comparative study is made between formal

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E-waste recycling and informal recycling processes practiced in Delhi. It has been concluded that there is an urgent need of strong investment and regulation mechanism for technological capacity building of unorganized sector.

OP-44: Thermal Conductivity of Quantum Well

Richa Saini Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] In this work, we present theoretical model for the thermal conductivity of superlattices, based on minigap scattering. It emerges from the present study that thermal conductivity of semiconductors as well as that of semiconductors quantum well structures can be successfully explained with the help of the present modifications in the Callaway model.

OP-45: A Study of Some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces

Ritu Arora Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The purpose of this paper is to study some weaker forms of commuting maps in fuzzy metric spaces.

OP-46: Smart Transport System

Sukhbir Singh Sandhu Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shaheed Udham Singh College of Engineering and Technology,

Tangori, Mohali, India As the 21st century unfolds, the challenges of soaring travel demand and its environmental impact will begin to test the city's capability to move people and goods safely and efficiently. It is important to stress that the proposals have not been developed to detailed planning stage, and comment is being sought at the concept level only. Detailed environmental impact assessment, and comprehensive public consultation, will be required before final decisions can be made, or construction can start. The actions in this paper provide a strong focus on investments to achieve a sustainable transport system. The overall aim of the transport system is to provide sustainable transport system. Sustainable transportation is achieved when needs for access to people, services and goods are met without doing permanent harm to the global environment, damaging local environments, and reducing social equity. It includes

• Rates of consumption of non-renewable resources that do not exceed the rates at which substitutes are developed

• Rates of emission and concentration of substances which do not exceed the assimilative capacity of the environment.

There are five parts to the City Transport Plan: 1. The transport challenge a reason to change 2. The approach 3. The key Strategies 4. Funding and Finance 5. Sustainable Transport for Agenda to action Seven strategic objectives for the City Transport Plan 1. Quality public transport 2. Coordinated land use and transport systems 3. Moderated travel demand growth 4. Attractive non-motorized transport 5. A safe and efficient road system 6. Efficient freight and air transport operations to support economic development 7. An integrated and environmentally responsible transport system

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OP-47: An Analytical Method to Calculate Cost based on Design Structure Matrix for Unplanned tasks

Sachin Kumar Saxena and Garima Krishna

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GRD - Institute of Management & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

A design structure matrix (DSM) model is constructed to capture the relationship between members, and it can be transformed to searching better cost product. Design Structure Matrix is a structured method which has an advantage on representing and analyzing relations among system elements such as development tasks, design parameters, architecture concepts and organizational teams. Several researches have been done to calculate the cost function of any planned task for any project. But no method has been proposed for the unplanned tasks. This paper presents an analytical method to calculate cost based on design structure matrix for unplanned tasks. For unplanned tasks we mean tasks which costs are not predicted earlier or time is not described properly due to iterations or overlapping. The MATLAB simulation is used to represent the results and comparisons with conventional ways to solve the final cost of entire project. Other methods also have been presented to find the optimal solution such as PERT/ CPM and Gantt chart but are failed to interpret the overlapping and iteration inside any project therefore DSM has been introduced to represent the vivid scenario of any project in the market.

OP-48: A Review on the Fuel Cells Development

Sanjay L. Bhagat*, V. S. Sapkal, Manesh B. Patil, and R. S. Sapkal University Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amaravati University, M. S., India

[email protected]

Fuel cells offer a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuel systems, due to their high efficiency, low environmental impact and flexible application. One of the suggested systems for residential, automotive and portable applications is the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which has a proton conducting polymer membrane as electrolyte. While the fuel used most fuel cells is hydrogen (e.g. in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: PEMFC), the DMFC uses methanol as fuel. Fuel cells are attractive for several applications; however, there are several barriers which must be overcome before they can become an alternative to internal combustion engines.

OP-49: Earth Architecture-Superadobe Construction System

Shanthi Sri Kuppa1*, and S. Ramya Sri2

1Department of Civil Engineering, 2Department of Biotechnology Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, A. P, India

[email protected], [email protected] Approximately one third of the people of the world live in houses built with earth, and tens of thousands of towns and villages have been raised practically from the ground they are standing on. Today, world consciousness about the use of natural resources and the new perception of building codes as the steward not only of individuals' safety, but of the planet's equilibrium, are leading us into the new millennium of sustainable living. The Superadobe technology is the spinoff from several consecutive techniques. It is the integration of the ancient technologies of building with earth into planetary construction technique. A review of this teqnique has been made in this paper.

OP-50: Role of Ions and Electric field on Nucleation Rate in Water Vapour Condensation

Shivani Avasthi1, Hemendra Tripathi1 and P. P. Pathak2

Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Theory of drop growth in presence of ions and external electric field has been applied to water vapour condensation in middle atmosphere. The radius of critical nucleus is found to depend upon electric field. In presence of electric field, Helmholtz free energy of formation of water molecule about a critical nucleus is found

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to be much less than that in absence of the electric field; but equilibrium concentration of nuclei is very much large. In presence of ions and electric field Rate of nucleation is increased as compared to uncharged and charged case both. The energy of the nucleus formation rapidly increases with size as r2

wc. In presence of ions the condensation takes place at low supersaturation because the necessary energy for germ formation is attained at lower radii due to addition of electrostatic energy. For a given temperature , the value of supersaturation varies approximately as (rwc)

-1 for uncharged drop and while in presence of charge and electric field it varies as (r’

wc)-1 for larger radii and (r’

wc)-4 for smaller radii. In uncharged water drops, supersaturation smaller than unity,

are unstable but in case of charge and electric field drops can exist. Since in presence of ions and electric field a small value of extremely sensitive to supersaturation ratio, since the term in the exponent electric field is comparable to very high supersaturation ratio to get a nucleus of given size under similar conditions of temperature.

OP-51: A review of the Cognitive Radio network paradigm

Anuj kumar Sharma, Vipul Sharma and Shiv kumar Singh Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Growing numbers of people are making a habit of toting their laptops into Starbuck's, ordering half-caf skim lattes, and plunking down in chairs to surf the Web wirelessly. That means more people are also getting used to being kicked off the Net as computers competing for bandwidth interfere with one another. It's a local effect -- within 30 to 60 meters of a transceiver, but there's just no more space in the part of the radio spectrum designated for Wi-Fi. Imagine, then, what happens as more devices go wireless -- not just laptops, or cell phones and BlackBerrys, but sensor networks that monitor everything from temperature in office buildings to moisture in cornfields, radio frequency ID tags that track merchandise at the local Wal-Mart, devices that monitor nursing-home patients. All these gadgets have to share a finite and increasingly crowded amount of radio spectrum. The Federal Communications Commission in the United States, and its counterparts around the world, allocate the radio spectrum in swaths of frequency of varying widths. One band covers AM radio, another VHF television, still others cell phones, citizen's-band radio, pagers, and so on; now, just as wireless devices have begun proliferating, there's little left over to dole out.But as anyone who has twirled a radio dial knows, not every channel in every band is always in use. In fact, the FCC has determined that, in some locations or at some times of day, 70 percent of the allocated spectrum may be sitting idle, even though it's officially

OP-52: Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Metrics and Communication Strategies

Tarun Dubey1 and O. P. Sahu2

1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Invertis University, Bareilly, India 2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is expected to play a key role for our society in the coming years. WSN can be used as a social infrastructure tool to make our lives safe, secure, and comfortable. It is supposed to carry various types of information, such as temperature, humidity, fire alarm, intrusion warning, image, and sound. The application arenas for this technology require high reliability and low latency than other existing technologies. The capacity of a WSN is limited and in most of the real time applications, factors such as energy efficiency, system time, latency, path loss, accuracy, fault-tolerance and scalability are to be considered for extracting optimal performance from the system in order to achieve a reliable communication. This paper undertakes the study of various issues related to the performance and communication for a WSN that are to addressed before a widespread deployment of such networks for a wide variety of applications.

OP-53: Green Computing

Shubhi Agarwal KCMT, Bareilly, Uttara Pradesh, India

[email protected]

Green computing refers to supporting business critical computing needs with least possible amount of power or sustainable computing. This is a new paradigm of designing the computersystem which considers not only the processing performance but also the energy efficiency.

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In the past ,the sole focus was on IT equipments(hardware and software),processing power and associated equipment which includes infrastructure, power, cooling and data center space which was always assumed as readily available and affordable. The driving force behind this change comes from the ever growing business computing needs, fast growing burden of energy cost, growing awareness of global warming issues, and increasing sense of national energy security. Here we also provide are view of how IT equipment power consumption across the industry is affecting the industry. It will focus on how equipment power consumption impacts the overall power usage and total cost of ownership and deploy to meet their business needs. So in this paper we depict the need of green computing to society, roads to green computing, and the strategies to implement green computing for creating a sustainable and healthy environment.

OP-54: Green Computing

Vertika Joshi Amrapali Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

IT is both a significant (and rapidly growing) contributor to environmental problems and a potential enabler of solutions to environmental problems. Green Computing also referred to as Green IT revolves around making sure that people are practicing how they can save resources when they use the computing technology. The goals are similar to Green Chemistry that is reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product’s lifetime and promote recyclability or biodegrability of defunct products and factory waste. Companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest ,both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. While programs such as Energy Star have been around since the early 1990s, recent concerns regarding global climate change and the energy crisis have led to renewed interest in Green Computing. Data centers are significant consumers of energy - both to power the computers as well as to provide the necessary cooling. The present paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently underway in the computer industry along with some common green computing concepts such as Virtualization, Power Management, Recycling, and Telecommuting.

OP-55: Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Collector Technology:A Review

V. V. Tyagi1 and N. A. Rahim 1Centre for Power Energy Dedicated Advance Centre (UMPEDAC),

Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [email protected]

A major research and development work on the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) hybrid technology has been done since last 30 years. Different types of Thermal collector and new material for PV cells have been developed for efficient renewable energy utilization. The solar energy conversion in electricity and heat with a single device is a good advancement for future energy demand called hybrid photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT). This article gives a review of the trend of development of the technology and useful application of PVT system like as solar cooling, water desalination, solar greenhouse, photovoltaic-thermal solar heat pump air-conditioning system, building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) solar collector, in recent years.

OP-56: Electrochemical Treatment of Pesticide Effluent Using Rotating Disc Electrode

P. Vinoth Prabu, R. Palani, and N. Balasubramanian

Department of Chemical Engineering, AC Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai, India [email protected]

The percentage removal of COD in the rotating disk electrode (RDE) for the synthetic pesticide effluent was investigated. The design and selection of an appropriate electrochemical reactor for a specific purpose is important. In this study it is attempted to treat synthetic pesticide effluent by electro-oxidation using rotating disc electrode. Experiments were carried out by conventional and Response surface method (RSM) under various operating condition like current density, pH, Supporting electrolyte concentration and rotation speed of cathode to remove the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) present in the pesticide effluent. The influence of operating parameters on percentage COD removal has been critically examined. At optimum conditions, 81.9% COD removal was achieved.

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OP-57: Experimental study of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using the exergy approach

S. Anand1, A. Gupta2, I. Roy1 and S. K. Tyagi2

1School of Infrastructure Technology and Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, J&K, India

2Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Wadala Kalan, Kapurthala, Punjab, India [email protected], [email protected]

Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems operating under large temperature differences between the condenser and evaporator consume significant amounts of energy. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is investigated by using both first and second laws of thermodynamics. Although the first-law approach to system analysis only shows system coefficient of performance (COP) but it fails to locate sources of losses. Identifying and quantifying these sources can be a useful design tool, especially in developing more complex refrigeration systems. This paper presents a detailed experimental analysis of 2TR vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle for different percentage of refrigerant charge using exergy analysis. Exergy depends on evaporating temperature, condensing temperature, compressor pressure and environment temperature. The exergetic method of analysis is a useful tool in explaining the various energy flows in a process, and finally helps to reduce losses occurring in the system. This paper explains the method of carrying out an exergetic analysis on a vapor compression refrigeration system using R-22 as refrigerants. An experimental setup has been developed and evaluated on different operating conditions using a test rig having R-22 as working fluid. The coefficient of performance (COP), exergy destruction, and exergetic efficiency for variable quantity of refrigerant has been calculated. The procedure to calculate the various losses occurring in the different components, as well as the coefficient of performance and the exergetic efficiency of the refrigeration cycle, has been explained. The present investigation has been done by using 2TR window air conditioner and the results indicate that the losses in the compressor are more pronounced while the losses in the condenser are less pronounced as compared to other components i.e. evaporator and expansion device. The total exergy destruction is the highest when the system is 100% charged, whereas it is found to be least when the system is 25% charged.

OP-58: Performance evaluation of different types of cook stoves using energy and exergy analyses

A. K. Pandey2, V. Bajala1. S. Sahu1, J. P. S. Rajput3 and S. K. Tyagi1

1Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Renewable Energy, Kapurthala, Wadala Kalan, Punjab, India 2School of Infrastructure Technology & Resource Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,

Katra, J&K, India 3Kaps Utilities Private Limited. Ladowali Road, Sant Nagar, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

[email protected] This communication presents the comparative experimental study and performance evaluation of four different types of cook stoves using energy and exergy analyses. In the present analysis four types of models have been selected and water boiling test was carried out in the actual operating conditions. Wood pieces available from the saw mill prepared in the proper size as described in the Chulah (cook stove) testing procedure of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has been used as the fuel for cook stove in the present experimental study. The aluminium pots of proper capacity (10 and 12 litres) have been used for different cook stoves as per the information available in BIS standard. Readings of the different parameters viz. initial fuel weight, volume of water, ambient air temperature, inlet fuel temperature, temperatures of pot, water, pot cover, cook stove (inner and outer) etc. have been measured and recorded after an interval of 5 minutes from the beginning to the completion of the experiments. Based on the recorded data the exergy and energy efficiencies were calculated for different cook stoves at different set of operating conditions. From these analyses it is found that the exergy efficiency is lower than that of energy efficiency for all the four models. This is due to the fact that the energy analysis is based on the first law of thermodynamics viz. the law of conservation of energy, while the exergy analysis is based on the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. the law of degradation of the quality of energy. Thus it is concluded that the results based on the exergy analysis are more appropriate for the analysis, modification and performance evaluation of thermal energy conversion systems.

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OP-59: Recycling of valuable metals from electronic waste using physical beneficiation techniques

Vinod Kumar1, Jae-chun Lee2*, Jinki Jeong2 and Doyun Shin2

1 Mineral Processing Division, National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur, India 2Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources

Daejeon, Republic of Korea [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) or electronic waste is the fastest growing stream in the industrialized and urbanized world. However, treatment for WEEE is a challenge due to the association of diverse and complex nature of materials and hazardous components. In comparison to conventional pyro-metallurgical recycling processes present paper report a novel technique of physical recycling for the separation of metallic concentrate of valuable and precious metals from the WEEE containing ceramic, plastic and epoxy resin materials. In this paper, current status of treatment of electronic waste and several recycling technologies are presented. Some advices against the existing problems during recycling process are discussed. A processing approach involving application of inexpensive and eco-friendly integrated recycling process consisting of mineral beneficiation and hydrometallurgical technique for complete recycling and effective resource utilization has been discussed. OP-60: Enhancement of Performance Parameters of Three Phase Induction Motor by

Current Source Inverter: An overview and key issues

Shah Alam Malik, S. K. Sinha , Bindeshwar Singh, Deependra Singh, Ankit Kr. Pandey, and Vikas Shukla

[email protected] This paper presents a literature survey on enhancement of performance parameters of three phase Induction Motor by Current Source Inverter. Also presents the current status of the improvement of current control, frequency control, speed control and reduction of harmonics in three phase IM by CSI. Authors strongly believe that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of improvement of current control, voltage control, frequency control, speed control and reduction of harmonics in three phase IM CSI. OP-61: Mitigation of Power Quality Problems by FACTS Controllers in an Integrated

Power System: A Comprehensive Survey

Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar [email protected]

This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the mitigation of power quality problems such as low power factor, shortage of reactive power, poor voltage, voltage and current harmonics due to sudden change in field excitation of synchronous alternator, sudden increased in load, sudden fault occur in the system are solved by FACTS controllers such as STATCOM, DSTATCOM, and D2STATCOM. This paper also presents current status of mitigation of power quality problems by FACTS controllers. Authors strongly believe that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of power quality problems solved by FACTS controllers.

OP-62: Multi agent-based decentralized knowledge discovery And agent security: a review

Aman Kumar 1 and Shiv Kumar Singh2

1 Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2 Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Knowledge discovery technologies have emerged as a means for ascertaining patterns and trends from huge quantities of data. The Data Mining technology normally adopts data integration method to generate Data

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warehouse, on which to gather all data into a central site, and then run an algorithm against that data to extract the useful component forecast and knowledge valuation. Conversely, a particular data-mining technique has not been verified correct for each realm and data set. Techniques connecting in such composite setting that contain great dependence due to changes in the system can affect the overall performance of the system. Agent computing whose endeavor is to deal with composite systems has exposed opportunities to recover distributed data mining systems in several traditions. Multi-agent systems (MAS) habitually concerned with complex applications that require distributed problem solving. In lots of applications the individual and collective performance of the agents depends on the observed data from distributed sites. Distributed data mining is initiated as the need of mining over decentralized data sources. DDM deals with these challenges in analyzing distributed data and provide various algorithmic solutions to achieve different data analysis and mining operations in decentralized environment. In decentralized environment like sensor network or IP network, one has distributed probes sited at tactical locations within the network. The problem is to be capable to associate the data found at the various probes, and discover patterns in the overall data found at all the diverse probes. While MAS are habitually distributed, proactive and reactive in nature, hence, they are very helpful for Knowledge Management Systems; the integration of both DDM and MAS for data rigorous systems is likable but security consideration of participating agents is the major issue. This paper, the integration of multi-agent system and decentralized knowledge discovery, in terms of significance, system overview and security, standing systems, and research inclinations. OP-63: A three dimensional Mathematical Model for atomospheric dispersion of Toxic

Pollutants

Ajendra Kumar* and Virendra Arora *Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Ex-principal, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Toxic air pollutants are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or to cause adverse environmental effects on humans. The present study has developed a three-dimension dispersion model for an elevated point source to see the effect of varying wind speed and the removal mechanisms of toxic air pollutants present in the atmosphere. Further, this model may also be used to investigate the artificially introduced sinks in the removal of the contaminant from the atmosphere.

OP-64: A Miniaturised antenna inspired by Metamaterials

1Nitin Kumar, 2Nazia Hasan, 3S. C. Gupta and 4Vipul Sharma 1,2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Uttarakhand Technical University

Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dehradun Institute of Technology

Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 4Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected] , [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

This paper introduces a novel, Swastik shaped microstrip antenna (SSA) inspired by Metamaterials. This antenna uses 1-D split ring resonators and wire structures to achieve metamaterial property. With the help of this property the size of the antenna is considerably reduced. The Swastik shaped antenna has been simulated on EM solver Ansoft HFSS and s-parameters were analysed. It produces two types of radiation pattern namely doughnut shaped Omni-directional and a directional pattern in two different frequency range, and shows an excellent performance in terms of size. This type of antenna is useful for the applications like sensors for ground penetration radar, sensors for detection of malignant tissues in skin cancer patients and other handheld portable wireless equipments.

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OP-65: Green Computing for Greener Organization

Suyash Bhardwaj1 and Poornima Tyagi2 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology,

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Computer Science, Vishveshwarya Group of Institutes, Ghaziabad, India

[email protected] Green computing, the study and practice of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the attention of not only environmental organizations, but also businesses from other industries. In recent years, companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. This paper discusses the different aspects of green computing for making an organization save energy. This paper will take a look at several green initiatives currently under way in the computer industry, as well as issues that have been raised regarding these initiatives. The future of computing is can be on greener side if we reduce over energy requirements, such as requirement of cooling systems, processor power consumption etc. There can be day to day practices to make a step forward to save energy. A few of them will be discussed in this paper.

OP-66: A BFO Optimized FDTD and Its Application for Skin Cancer Detection

Vipul Sharma1, S. S. Pattnaik2, S. Devi2 and Tanuj Garg1 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2 National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

Since its inception, the Bacterial Foraging Optimization (BFO) has drawn attention of researchers as a high performance optimizer and many successful applications of BFO in optimal control engineering, image processing, network scheduling, electric load forecast, antenna applications etc have been reported till date. Many improved application based variants of BFO have also come up leading to drastic reduction in convergence time and with higher accuracy. This paper presents Hybridization of BFO with finite difference time domain method (FDTD) and its validation of this BFO-FDTD code. Further, a biomedical application of BFO FDTD in skin cancer detection has been reported in this paper.

OP-67: Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Its Applications: A Selective Review

Vipul Sharma1, S. S. Pattnaik2, S. Devi2 and Tanuj Garg1

1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2 National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India

Recently, germ intelligence has grabbed prime focus of research fraternity working on optimization and many such powerful algorithms have been reported till date. Of this, Bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) has attracted a lot of attention as a high performance optimizer because of its faster convergence and global search approach. Since its inception in 2001, many variants of BFOA have come up leading to even faster convergence with higher accuracy. This paper presents an application based review of such variants and will be useful for new researchers exploring its use in their research problems.

OP-68: Adaptive Noise Canceller as a Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Technique

Gorav Kumar Malik1, Vivek Kumar1 and Ashish Nainwal2

1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Nippon Instruments (I) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Every year, about one out of 125 babies born with some form of congenital heart defect. Therefore extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from maternal skin electrode measurements will be raised as a prominent issue. Because of fetal heart farness from sensors, muscle contraction, instrumentation noise and etc, recorded signals

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from mother’s abdomen is strongly distorted by noise, So desired signal (FECG) must be extracted purely. This problem can be modeled from the perspective of Blind Source Separation (BSS), Adaptive noise canceller can be used to separate the fetal ECG, and in this paper we are using Adaptive Noise Canceller (ANC) method for Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction and give its advantage over Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA and PCA is the methods of BSS.

OP-69: Lead Free Polymers in India

R. K. Soni and Anjali Verma

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P. India [email protected]

Lead is very toxic, its use can result in the pollution of ground and more importantly water supplies. This leads to the contamination of drinking water and can cause hazards to human health as well as disrupting entire ecosystems. Global warming is also closely associated and related to lead usage. Instead of these disadvantages lead is very good thermal stabilizer for pvc formulations. PVC is one of the most important thermoplastics and PVC remains the material of choice for construction industry and pipe products. Lead stabilizers such as lead sulfate or lead stearate are common additives in formulation of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic used to coat or insulate wire and cables. However environmental concern and regulations will lead to the elimination of lead based thermal stabilizers. Other thermal stabilizers of PVC are different metal soaps like Cd, Ba Ca and Zn carboxylates and some mono alkyl tin compounds for example: carboxylates and mercaptides. However a very limited work has to be conducted on the use of green thermal stabilizers in PVC. So it is urgent to work on lead free thermal stabilizers on large scale to make lead free India. OP-70: Antimony (III) Adsorption on montmorillonite and modified montmorillonite: a

study on Sorption Kinetics

Ansar Anjum and Monika Datta*

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India [email protected]

Antimony (Sb) is a potential pollutant, ubiquitous in the environment, owing to human activities and natural processes. The toxicity of antimony is assumed to be similar to that of arsenic and is of increasing environmental concern due to increased awareness of its risk to human health. Out of all the known techniques, adsorption has emerged as one of the economical and overall a promising method and to the best of our knowledge only few adsorption studies of antimony on natural sorbents have been reported to date. The present work involves adsorption of antimony (III) using montmorillonite, MMT and organo clays from aqueous solution. The synthesized composites have been characterized using various appropriate analytical techniques. The process has been optimized for the detection, estimation and removal of Arsenic (III) as low as four parts per billion (0.004µg/ml) in water. The kinetics of sorption for the adsorption of antimony (III) on clay/organoclay has been investigated. Intraparticle diffusion was found to be the rate limiting step during the initial stages of adsorption followed by chemisorption. Synthesized samples, before and after adsorption studies were characterized by various appropriate analytical techniques.

OP-71: A Variational Theory of the Ground State of Manganites exhibiting colossal Magnetoresistance

S. Panwar 1, P. Dua2, A. Chaudhary3 and R. Kumar4

1Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Vidya College of Engineering, Vidya Knowledge Park, Bagpat road, Meerut, UP, India 3,4Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

In this paper, we use a simple variational method for studying the various electronic properties of rare earth manganites doped with alkaline earths namely ����� �� �� which exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) , metal insulator transition & many other poorly understood phenomena. Here we take a new model

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Hamiltonian for manganites in the strong electron lattice Jahn-Teller (J-T) coupling regime. Here we show that the strong J-T coupling between the two fold degenerate (���� � & � ��� �) �� orbitals of Mn & lattice modes of vibration (of the oxygen octahedra surrounding the Mn ions) dynamically reorganizes the former into a set of states (which we label ℓℓℓℓ) which are localized with large local lattice distortion & exponentially small intersite overlap & other set (labelled b) which form a broad band. This gives rise to microscopically inevitable coexistence of radically different ℓℓℓℓ & b states & their relative energies & occupation as influenced by doping �, temperature T, local Coulomb repulsion U etc. , underlines the unique effects observed in these materials [1]. We present results from strong correlation calculations using variatonal theory which accord with a variety of observations in the orbital liquid regime (say for 0.2 ≲ × ≲≲≲≲ 0.5). We have studied here the quasi- particle Spectrum, Conduction band (b-band) and localized band (ℓℓℓℓ -band) occupation number distributions, ground state energy for various values of model parameters. We have considered the tight binding conduction band i.e. ∈� = -cos���� with conduction band width W=2.0eV. We have calculated here band energy ∈�dependence of variational parameterА�� & ground state energy ���

� for different value of parameters e.g. local coulomb repulsion U, ferromagnetic Hund’s Rule coupling �� between �� spins & ��� spins & hybridization V between ℓℓℓℓ – polorons & d - electrons of the same spins. We are also calculating finite temperature properties e.g. magnetic susceptibility, electronic specific heat & electrical resistivity of CMR compounds.

OP-72: Synthesis of privileged template of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine containing an Isoxazole and Pyrazole nucleus on its 2-position linked through an

Oxyphenyl spacer

Anshu Agarwal*, Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma and D. Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] The development of novel biologically active materials to facilitate the preparation of compound libraries based on the privileged structures is an intense area of research. Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepines are an important class of privileged templates whose numerous derivatives have been identified which have selective activities against a wide array of biological targets. It has been observed that heterocycles that incorporate isoxazole and pyrazole in their molecules exhibit a wide range of impressive biological properties including anti-cancer and anti-HIV activities. In view of this, it was considered of interest to append the isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus into the anti-cancer active framework of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine. The motivation for the incorporation of these nuclei to the privileged structure of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine derived its inspiration on this premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the overall anticancer and anti-HIV potencies of the parent nucleus. A perusal of the structure of FDA approved anti-HIV agent etravirine revealed that the exceptionally high anti-HIV potency exhibited by this molecule, could be attributed to the p-cyano ‘oxyphenyl’ fragment contained in its nucleus. A positive impact on activity displayed by the presence of an ‘oxyphenyl bridge’ in etravirine provided an impetus to us, to instal the isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus on 2-position of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine through a ‘oxyphenyl’ bridge. Herein, in this communication we report, our study which was directed to incorporate isoxazole and pyrazole nucleus on to the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]-benzodiazepine on its 2-position through an ‘oxyphenyl’ spacer.

OP-73: A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire and Activated Carbon for a

Hazardous Azo Dye- Acid Blue 113

V. K. Gupta1* and Arunima Nayak1

1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India [email protected], [email protected]

A mesoporous carbon developed from waste tire rubber, characterized by chemical analysis, FTIR, and SEM studies, was used as an adsorbent for the removal and recovery of a hazardous azo dye, Acid Blue 113. Surface area, porosity, and density were determined. The adsorption of the dye over the prepared adsorbent and a commercial activated carbon was achieved under different pH, adsorbate concentration, sieve size, adsorbent

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dosage, and contact time and temperature conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were applied and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process follow first order kinetics and particle diffusion mechanisms are operative. By percolating the dye solution through fixed-bed columns the bulk removal of the Acid Blue 113 was carried out and necessary parameters were determined to find out the percentage saturation of both the columns. Recovery of the dye was made by eluting 0.1M NaOH through the column.

OP-74: Applications of Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Sciences

Ashish Pandey1*, Balwant Singh Rawat1, Vipin Kumar Sharma1, Prashant Y. Mali2 and Navneet Garud3 1*Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Hospital, Adama Science & Technology University, Asella Medical Campus, P. O. Box – 396, Oromia, Ethiopia

3Department of Pharmaceutics, IPS-College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India [email protected]

Biodegradable polymers have received much more attention in the last decades due to their potential applications in the fields related to environmental protection and the maintenance of physical health. Biodegradable polymers should have three important properties viz. biocompatibility, bioabsorbility and mechanical resistance. Despite the advent of synthetic biodegradable polymers, naturally occurring absorbable polymers in various forms are found to increase the use in drug delivery systems. They hold the promise of providing better efficiency, reducing toxicity & improving patient compliance. Current applications of biodegradable polymers includes surgical implants in vascular or orthopaedic surgery and plain membranes, implantable matrices for the controlled release of drugs inside the body or as absorbable sutures, scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems, for coatings and microencapsulating of various drugs, drug carriers, for skin substitutes or wound dressing, pharmacological devices like matrices for enzyme immobilization, controlled-release devices, therapeutic devices like temporary prostheses, absorbent materials etc. Biodegradable polymers can be processed by most conventional plastics processing techniques with some adjustments of processing conditions and modifications of machinery. Film extrusion, injection moulding, blow moulding, thermoforming are some of the processing techniques used. Biodegradable polymers used in packaging which requires different physical characteristics, depending on the product to be packaged and the store conditions. Biodegradable polymers can be used for the controlled release of agricultural chemicals. The agricultural chemicals concerned are pesticides and nutrients, fertilizer, pheromones to repel insects. Biodegradable polymers used in heavy and radioactive metals as an absorbent, useful in waste water treatment etc. The belief is that biodegradable polymer materials will reduce the need for synthetic polymer production (by reducing pollution) at a low cost, thereby producing a positive effect both environmentally and economically. Therefore, the objectives of present article are to highlight the various applications of biodegradable polymers in meadow of biomedical sciences.

OP-75: Spectroscopic and volumetric studies for binary mixtures of ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) with alkoxyalkanols at

T= (288.15 to 318.15) K

Amalendu Pal and Bhupinder Kumar* Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India,

[email protected] Densities and speeds of sound have been measured for the binary mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim][PF6] with ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGMEE), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Di-EGMEE), triethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Tri-EGMEE) over the whole composition range at atmospheric pressure. Experimental densities have been used to estimate excess

molar volumes, EV . Changes in isentropic compressibility, sκ∆

have been estimated by using experimental speed of sound and density values. Excess properties were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to obtain the binary coefficients and the standard errors. The molecular scale interactions between ionic liquid and alkoxyalkanols have been investigated through 1H NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shifts for hydroxyl group of alkoxyalkanols and their deviations show hydrogen bonding interactions of varying strengths between ionic liquid and alkoxyalkanol in their binary mixtures.

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OP-76: Synthesis, In-vivo and In-silico anti inflammatory studies of substituted fluoro pyrazole

Chandra P. Singh, Zubair Ahmad and Sandeep Kumar

Research Division Chemistry Department Sahu Jain College Najibaad U. P., India N-Phenyl-5substituted-aryl-3-p-(fluorophenyl) pyrazoles have been synthesized from cyclization of 4-fluoroacetophenone (1) with various benzaldehydes (2) to give 4- fluorophenylstyrylketone (3) followed by treatment with phenyl hydrazine. The title compounds and their derivatives have been characterized by their element and spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds are screened for anti-inflammatory activity. All substituted 4-fluorophenylstyrylketones (250mg/kg orallyp.o.) possessed anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat. Indomethacin (10mg/kg) was used as standard drug and all compounds (0.20mM) showed ability to denature bovine serum albumin as observed in vitro inhibition studies. No correlation was found between the anti inflammatory activity and inhibition bovine serum albumin denaturation. The docking studies were carried out for these compounds against the protein NFkB which is involved in inflammation signal cascade. Some of them showed good activity and molecular binding. Compounds such as 3b, 5b and 5e have exhibited comparative results in both in vivo and in silico studies.

OP-77: Electrochemical Determination of Piracetum by Adsorptive Stripping

Voltammetry in Pharmaceutical Products and Urine Sample

Krishna Kumar Jhankal*, Santosh Kumar Joram and D. K. Sharma Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] The electrochemical behavior of Piracetum was studied by square-wave and square-wave adsorptive-stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). Piracetum can be reduced and accumulated at a glassy carbon electrode, with a maximum peak current intensity being obtained at a potential of approximately -0.76V vs. AgCl/Ag, in a B.R. buffer of pH=7. A SWAdSV method has been developed for the determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical preparations. The method shows a linear range between 1.0x10-7 and 2.0x10-6 mol L-1 with a limit of detection of 5x10-8 mol L-1 for an accumulation time of 20 s. The linear response was obtained in Britton–Robinson buffer in the ranges of 1×10−5 to 1×10−4 M for spiked urine sample at pH 7.0. The precision of the method was evaluated by assessing the repeatability and intermediate precision. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Piracetum in pharmaceutical product and the results obtained are in good agreement with the labeled values.

OP-78: A Green Route for the Degradation of Dyes using Ammonium Phosphomolybdate

Deepa Sachdeva

[email protected]

Our natural environment had been very neat and clean but due to multifarious activities of human being, it is getting polluted. Water, which is one of the most essential thing for the survival of living organisms, is becoming polluted, as a result of effluents thrown out by many industries like textile industries where dyes are extensively used. Various chemical and physical processes such as precipitation, adsorption, charcoal stripping etc. can be used for removing colour from coloured water. However, these methods suffer from either one or more disadvantages. Photocatalytic methods for waste water treatment seem to be most promising and ecofriendly process. The field of photocatalysis has opened up new avenues of researches in chemistry. It has drawn the attention of chemists all over the world. A photocatalyst works by the absorption of light in the UV visible region. By absorption of radiations, the molecules are electronically excited. These excited molecules generate electron-hole pair, which can be used for reducing or oxidising a substance. In the present investigation, an effort has been made to use ammonium phosphomolybdate as photocatalyst for the degradation of bromocresol purple dye.The photocatalytic degradation of dye was observed by irradiating the mixture of dye solution and ammonium phosphomolybdate. The effect of variations of different parameters

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like pH, concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor and light intensity on the reaction rate has been studied. Plots of 1 + log O.D. us exposure time were drawn and the values of rate constants (k) for photocatalytic degradation of various dye were calculated from these. Tentative mechanisms for the photocatalytic oxidation of the dye has been proposed based on experimental observations. The participation of •OH radical as an active oxidizing species has also been confirmed.

OP-79: Synthesis, structure and characterization of novel di-oxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having thenil as precursor molecule

Devendra Pratap Rao

Department of Chemistry, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Kanpur, U. P., India [email protected]

A new series of some dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes having general formula [MoO2(mac)](acac)2 , (where mac = tetraazamacrocyclic ligands derived from condensation of thenil with 1,2-ethanediamine or 1,3-propanediamine and their reaction with β-diketones) using dioxometal ion as kinetic template are reported. These complexes have been characterized by molar conductance measurements, elemental analyses, infrared and electronic data. The spectral data indicate that ligands act as tetradentate chelating agent. Due to their biological relevance, molybdenum catalyzed oxygen transfer reactions have great interest. An octahedral geometry with six coordination has been assigned to all the dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes.

OP-80: Synthesis And Chacterization Of Co(Il) Complexes With A New Azamacrocyclic Ligand With Pendent Arms

Sulekh Chandra1*, Anupma1,Ranjana dubey 2 and Garima Pandey2

1Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College , New Delhi , India. 2SRM University, NCR Campus, Modinagar, U. P., India.

The complexes of Co(II) were synthesized with the new aza-macrocyclic ligand with pendent arms. The ligand was prepared by the reaction of 3-methyl-2,4-pentadione and 2,6diamino-pyridine. All the complexes have been found to have general composition [M(L)X2] [where M = Co(II) and X = Cl-, NO-

3, ] and [M(L)]X2 [where M = Co(II) and X =½So4

2-,] . All the complexes are characterized by the conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, I.R. and electronic spectral studies. An octahedral geometry was assigned for chloride and nitrate complexes of Co(ll) and tetrahedral geometry for sulphate complex. The biological actions of the ligand and complexes have been screened in vitro against different pathogenic fungi and several bacteria to study their comparative capacity to inhibit the growth.

OP-81: Preperation, Characterization and Properties Cross-linked Guar-Gum/Poly(vinylalcohol) based Films

A. P. Gupta and Gopal arora*

Dept of Applied Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India [email protected]

Guar gum is a natural based polymer extracted fom the endosperm of the seed of “ cyamopsis tetragonolobus “ , family leguminosae ,is a non –toxic and biodegradable Guar gum is a galactomannan , structurally consisting of 1,4 – β – D – mannopyranose backbone with branch points randomly distributed from their 6- positions linked to 1-α– D -galactopyanose units .Overall the galactose to mannose ratio is roughly 1:2. This Paper shows that Gluteraldehyde can crosslink Guar -gum / Polyvinyl alcohol blends, when citric acid is used as an additive. The poor mechanical properties and water stability of Guar -gum have restricted its industrial application. The effect of citric acid and gluteraldehyde on the miscibility, morphology and physical properties of the blend films is investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , Scanning electron microscopy , X-ray diffraction (XRD) , thermo gravimetric analysis and tensile tests .The cross linked films were prepared by a solution casting method when the film was dried at low temperature , the properties of the films were clearly improved because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature and crosslinked films exhibit better tensile strength , thermal stability than that of uncrosslinked film prepared for the same composition .

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OP-82: Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of various substituted oxo,thiazolidine/oxoazetidine derivatives.

Jagmohan Singh Negi1 and Harshvardhan Pant2

1 Department of Chemistry, L. S. M. Govt. P. G. Collage, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Chemistry, SGRR (PG) College, Pathri Bagh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected] The present study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity , many phenols and compounds with phenolic groups have antifungal potency . Various bis-phenols and thiobis-pgenols are also effective fungistats in prepration for topical use. Several bis-amidines are antifungal invitro and cures were achieved only in North American blastomy cosis. However, in one series of cases of the disease , 34 of 45 patients were successfully treated by 2- hydroxyl stilbamidine In the case of prospective plant fungistats such factors as particle . Size , combination with suitable wetting agents , and resistance to weathering and to microbial degradation are of great importance . The use of higher plants and their preparation to treat infectious and Non infectious disease is an age old practices and are the only method available in the past. Though the use of natural sources like plant material for curing diverse forms of ailments leads to human civilization, the scientific analysis of different natural sources for their possible medicinal potency is comparatively recent origin. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance microorganisms triggered this type of plant investigations. Hence the plant kingdom is being screened for newer and effective chemotherapeutic agents. Higher plants can serve both as potential antimicrobial crude drugs as well as a source of new antiinfective agents. 2-amino 4-Phenyl oxazole is condensed with appropriate aromatic aldehyde in EtOH containing few amount of glacial acetic acid gave 2 Substituted Aryladine, 4-phenyl oxazole . Which were converted into 4-Phenyl oxozolyl 2-(4´-hydroxy-3 methoxy) phenyl 4-thiazolidone and 4 phenyl oxozolyl 2-(4´hydroxy 3methoxy ) 2-oxo azetidinone by reaction with chloro actyl chloride and thioglycolic acid respectively and synthesized compounds showed moderate to good antifungal activity with respect to standard drugs .

OP-83: Role of Biebrich Scarlet as a photosensitizing material in Photogalvanic cell conversion of solar energy into electrical energy

K. R. Genwa* and C. P. Sagar

Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, India [email protected]

Solar energy conversion and storage by use of photogalvanic cell was studied in Tween 60 – Biebrich Scarlet – Ascorbic acid system and photogalvanic effect studied in photogalvanic cell consisting Ascorbic acid as a reductant, Biebrich Scarlet as photosensitizer and Tween 60 as surfactant in aqueous solution. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 919.0 mV and 210.0 µA respectively. The observed power of the cell was 93.15 µW at its power point. The conversion efficiency and fill factor was determined as 0.8967% and 0.41 respectively. The cell performance was 75.0 min. in dark. A mechanism for the photogeneration of electricity has also been proposed. The effect of different parameters (pH, diffusion length, electrode area, light intensity) on the electrical output of the cell were also been observed.

Biebrich scarlet

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OP-84: Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT) as adsorbent

D. Chongder, K. Parmar, S. Bhattacharjee and N. R. Bandyopadhya1

CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jamshedpur, India 1Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah, India

[email protected] Cobalt silicate precipitation tube (CoSPT), prepared through ‘silica garden’ route was investigated as Pb(II) adsorbent in aqueous medium. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with Pb(II) in the concentration range of 10-920 mg L-1 using CoSPT as adsorbent. Pb(II) loading on CoSPT was dependent on initial Pb(II) concentration. Experimental adsorption data were modeled using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. Pb(II) loading capacity of CoSPT was estimated at 270 mg g-1, which ranks high amongst efficient Pb(II) adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics follows pseudo second order rate equation. OP-85: Thermal, spectral and antimicrobial studies of some transition metal complexes

derived from bidentate ligands containing N and S donor atoms

Kiran Singh*, Yogender Kumar and Parvesh Puri

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, India [email protected]

The bidentate ligands have been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde with 4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole and 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-propyl-1,2,4-triazole. The ligands react with acetates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) to yield 1:2 [metal : ligand] complexes. The synthesized ligands and their metal complexes were characterized with the aid of elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements, spectroscopic and thermo gravimetric techniques. Thermal studies of the complexes show a multistep decomposition pattern. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes and square planar for Cu(II) complexes. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antifungal against Aspergillus niger, and A. flavus.

OP-86: Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity of Salvadora persica against dental pathogens.

Sanjay1, Navneet2, Prabhat1 and M. M. Tiwari3

1Department of Botany & Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar. Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Botany & Microbiology, 3Faculty of Engineering &Technology,

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar ,Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracs of stem bark of Salvadora persica were tested against dental pathogens i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, S. sangruis, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus by using the Agar well diffusion method at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. The methanolic extract was more effective as comparative to petroleum. ether, acetone and aqueous extracts. The MIC value of the methanolic extract of Salvadora persica against S. mutans and L. acidophilus were carried out Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of antimicrobial active agents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins. These investigation support a good response to the use of these plants in herbal medicine and as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine for treatment against dental infections.

OP-87: Landfill Gas Processing through Absorption in Alkanolamine Sanjeev Maken1*, Ankur Gaur2 and Jin-Won Park3

1Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India 2Center of Environment Study, Climate Science Division, TERI, New Delhi, India

3Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [email protected]

In the present energy crisis scenario, new recovery methods for landfill gas (LFG) are garnering huge interest. LFG has a very high-energy potential due to the presence of methane (CH4) and thus is a great source for energy

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production. Many countries have shown interest in collection and subsequent use of landfill gas to reduce Green house gas (GHG) emissions from the landfill and to replace the fossil fuels.The waste management policies in Korea are quite effective as compared to other countries. Korea has one of the biggest landfill sites in the world. There are 238 landfill sites operating currently in Korea that offer a great opportunity to use CH4 as an energy resource, which is produced in landfill by the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic material contained in the municipal solid waste. During the stable phase of landfill, LFG is a mixture of CH4 (35 to 60 %) and CO2

(35 to 55 % ) along with other numerous trace components like aromatics, chlorinated organic hydrocarbons, siloxanes and sulfur compounds. Therefore, LFG offers a very attractive option to oil in this energy starved country. Upgrading the LFG to high purity CH4 enhances the energy density of LFG that could be used in transportation sector or as a city gas. Most of the MSW is still being landfilled & landfill site release landfill gas due to the decomposition of waste. It mainly consists of CH4 and CO2. Both of these gases are green house gases. CH4 has high calorific value thus separating CH4 from CO2 would be of great commercial interest. CO2 can be captured and stored. Among numerous processes of separating landfill gas mixture such PSA, Membrane separation and liquid absorption our work focuses on liquid absorption since it is effective and economical method as compared to the other options. It is also the widely used method for CO2 capture. In this paper three absorbents diethanolamine (DEA), sodium glycinate (SG) & 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) were used to study the CO2 removal from landfilled gas. Among these three DEA comes up as the best CO2 absorbent among the three with highest CO2 loading. OP-88: Spectroscopic and Antifungal studies of Terephthalamide and its complex with

Lanthanum Nitrate

R. K. Soni and Manisha Bhardwaj Department of Chemistry, C C S University, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

Terephthalamide has been synthesized from the degradation of PET waste through ammonolysis and was characterized by different physicochemical methods like elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, and NMR. Complex also has formed between terephthalmide and La-N which was further characterized with same technique and the spectras have compared with parent compound terephthalamide An antifungal activity has been studied to compare the effect of complexation on fungal species F. oxysporum and P. notatum and results indicated that the complexation of terephthalamide with Lanthanum -nitrate has improved its antifungal properties. Thus the synthesized complex could be used as good antifungal agent for various applications such as paints, water treatment and coating on medical devices, food packaging, medical application and health care related materials OP-89: Novel Strategies to the facile one pot synthetic entry of Isoxazole to the Indolin-

2-One Nucleus

Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal, Vandana Singh and D. Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] Ubiquitous presence of indolin-2, 3-dione and indolin-2-one in a vast array of bioactive molecules has stimulated intense research efforts to be directed towards the synthesis of their structural analogues where different constitution and biological activity in new materials could allow them to be used as novel chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, indolin-2-ones have been studied extensively with a renewed interest, because of their ready accessibility, diverse chemical reactivity and a broad spectrum of their biological profiles. Eversince, Waldmann et.al. have carried out a quantitative analysis of physiologically active natural product scaffolds and showed that ones with two or three rings were most often found in active natural products, the interest in the various facets of the chemistry of small molecules has expanded exponentially thereafter. In view of this, the explorations of synthetic processes that lead to the development of small molecules of medicinal importance by telescoping the multicomponent processes to a single operation is a rapidly emerging subject in medicinal chemistry. It has been recently shown that heterocycles that incorporate isoxazole in their molecules exhibit a wide range of impressive biological properties including the anticancer and anti-HIV activities. In view of this, it was considered of interest to incorporate the isoxazole nucleus in the molecular framework of such small molecule, as indolin-2-one. The motivation for the incorporation of these pharmacophores derived its inspiration on this premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the overall biological potency of the parent nucleus.

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A survey of literature on the one pot synthesis of widely known heterocyclic nuclei revealed that oxoketene dithioacetal, α, β – unsaturated ketone, dimethylamino methylene ketone, and oxo-enolic ethers (derived from the carbonyl species containing an active methylene group), provided an unprecedented opportunity to the synthesis of heterocycles containing five, six and seven membered rings, on their reactions with bidentate nucleophiles. Consideration of factors on reactivity, compound availability, synthetic economy and simplicity in operation, led us to favour the use of these synthans to the synthesis of isoxazole incorporated analogues of indolin-2-one, by their reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (scheme-1). Application of this methodology on the reactive synthans 1, 2, 3 and 4 afforded the desired products 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively in acceptable yields. The products were tested for purity by TLC and characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1H-NMR and MS data. The exploration of chemistry and biological activity of the compounds are under study.

OP-90: Ecofriendly UV Curing Technology

Meenu Teotia and R. K. Soni Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected], [email protected] Radiation induced polymerization is an efficient method for fast generation of highly crosslinked polymer networks from liquid resin systems1. Various types of radiations, such as, γ radiation2, and electron beams3 UV radiation4,5 are used for initiation of polymerization reaction. It is a method of choice because of lower cost of equipment and also the safety requirements can easily be met. UV technology was first introduced to the industry more than 30 years ago and is now growing at fast pace. In last two decades solvent free formulations based on UV curing systems have been developed and commercialized in all industrial sectors such as glass, printing, packaging, decorative coatings, varnishes and fabrication of composites. It is the most ecoefficient technology when compared with different industrial coating technologies under ecoefficiency analysis In the present paper, some of the ecofriendly and efficient techniques have been discussed. Further an attempt has been made to assess the future prospects and requirements.

OP-91: Synthesis Of Some Substituted Indoles As Antiviral Agent

Murali Manohar Tiwari Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University

Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected];[email protected]

Isatins have been associated with antiviral activity .1-Methyl-1-indoline-2,3-dione-3-thio semicarbazone was found to be effective against small pox virus in man. N-Mannich bases of 5-halogen substituted isatin -β- thio semicarbazone have been found to be active against Vaccinia Virus. Also 1-(substituted amino methyl ) 2-oxo-3-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl hydrazono)-5-substituted indoles have been found to be active against SRV in vivo as well as in vitro. 6-Cyno-5-methoxy2—methyl- indolo- carbazole was found to be active against HSV-II virus. On the basis of above findings Synthesis 1-(substituted aminomethyl)-2-oxo-3(2-mercaptoacetyl)hydrizino-5-substituted indoles were carried and tested against EMC virus and found to be active.

OP-92: Zirconyl nitrate catalyzed: solvent-free synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles

Parvin Kumar*, Dinesh Kumar and Ramesh C. Kamboj

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected]

In this study, a simple and efficient synthesis of 2-aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazoles by the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes catalyzed by zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO3)2) under solvent-free condition at room temperature is demonstrated. All the reactions were carried out by grinding the 2-aminothiophenol and aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes with (ZrO(NO3)2) in a mortar with pestle. Zirconyl nitrate act as an efficient oxidizing reagent in the present protocol. The advantages of this protocol are the one-step procedure, mild and solvent-free reaction conditions, short reaction time, practical application by large-scale synthesis, high yields of the products, and no side reactions.

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OP-93:Volumetric and viscometric studies on N-N dimethyl acetamide methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol & n- propyl alcohol binary mixture at 303.15 K

A. G. Peshwe1 and B. R. Arbad 2

1P.G. Department of chemistry, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra., India 2Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathawada University, Aurangaba, Maharashtra, India

[email protected]

Densities and viscosities of binary liquid mixtures of N, N dimethyl acetamide (NND) with polar solvents viz methanol, ethanol & n- propanol have been measured at 303.15, K .From the density and viscosity data the values of various properties viz excess molar volume (VE), excess viscosity (ηE) and excess Gibb’s free energy of activation of flow (∆GE) have been determined .Further the viscosities of binary mixtures have been correlated to various viscosity models. On the basis of the values of interaction parameters of these viscosity models and also on the basis of the values of various excess properties, the nature of molecular interactions between the components of mixtures have been explained. OP-94: Effect of UV Irradiation in vitro on organic Constituents of human Exoskleton

in Different Age Groups

Poonam Mathur1, A. K. Sinha2, Ashok Kumar3

1 Manav Rachna Interrnational University, Faridabad, Haryana, India, 2Department. of Chemistry, K.R. (PG) Collecge, Mathura, U. P., India

3School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St. John’s College, Agra, U. P., India [email protected]

In present scenario of pollution and UV radiation, it is our urgent requirement to determine the baseline levels of organic constituents in human being. Pollution and UV exposure cause major health problems in general population. It is very difficult and expensive to access or screen in our country due to limited resources. This paper deals with quantitative determination of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein in human hair and nails. Biological samples were collected for environmental quality investigations. Hair and nails were collected in Faridabad city during 2008-09. Faridabad is district of Haryana State from August 15th, 1979. Faridabad is about 25 kms. from Delhi in 28° 25° 16° North Latitude and 77° 18° 28° East Longitude. Hair and Nails samples were collected randomly from male and female subject of selected group aged from 5 years to 60 years of different social status. Organic constituentsviz Crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein levels in male and female hair and nails were examined. Maximum percentage decrease of crude fat, total nitrogen and crude protein were 2%, 0.522% and 0.62% respectively in all age groups of human hair and nails after irradiation for one hour.

OP-95: Oxidation Studies of Aliphatic Secondary Alcohols by Imidazolium Fluorochromate: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach

Deepika Sharma and Pradeep K. Sharma

Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

Oxidation of several aliphatic secondary alcohols by imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) leads to the formation of corresponding ketones. The reaction is first order each in IFC. A Michaelis-Menten type of kinetics are observed with respect to the alcohols. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen-ion dependence has the form: kobs = a + b[H+]. The oxidation of benzhydrol-α-d (PhCDOHPh) exhibited a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.71 at 298 K). The oxidation of 2-propanol has been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed using Taft's and Swain's multiparametric equations. The reaction was subjected to both polar and steric effects of the substituents. A mechanism involving transfer of hydride ion from alcohol to the oxidant, via a chromate ester, has been proposed.

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OP-96: The Chemistry of Α, Β-Ditosyloxy Ketones: New and Convenient Route for the Synthesis of 4,5-Diarylisoxazoles from Α,Β-Chalcone Ditosylates

Raj Kamal1, Deepak Sharma, Deepak Wadhwa and Om Prakash

1Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshrtra, Haryana, India [email protected]

The reaction of α,β-chalcone ditosylates with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in suitable conditions leads to 1,2-aryl shift, thereby providing a new route for the synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted isoxazoles. OP-97: Studies on Development of biodegradable formulation of natural rubber latex

S. N. Mishra1 and R. K. Soni2

1HTCP Cell, SCRIET, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India 2Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

Natural rubber is a strategic raw material used in the manufacture of more than 40000 products, including more than 400medical devices. Although more than 2500 plant species are known to produce natural rubber, all commercially-available natural rubber currently is harvested from a single species, Hevea brasiliensis(the Brazilian rubber tree). Primarily due toits molecular structurecis1,4polyisoprene) and high molecularweight (>1 MDa) natural rubber has high performance properties, such as elasticity, resilience, heat dispersion and abrasion resistance, that cannot easily be mimicked by arti-ficially produced polymers. Demand for natural rubber has increased throughout the twentieth century despite competition from synthetic rubber From the study it is very much obvious that addition of resin adhetives have enhanced the biodegradation manifold and both the resin adhetive are equally effective in biodegradation. The increase in the quantity of resin additive also aeccelerates the biodegradation. However, a balance is required to be maintained while taking care of processibility of dipping compounds depending upon the nature of product.

OP-98: Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Complex relevant to Green Chemistry

Seema Baniwal1, Suresh kumar 2 and H. V. Pant 3

1Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Vikasnagar Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Chemistry, Talwari, Government Degree College, Talwari, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India

3SGRR PG College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Green Chemistry is emerging as a major field of science in our world today because of the problems we face in the environment. New classes of Pollutants are turning up in the drinking water as traces of insecticides, pharmaceutical products, dyes and cosmetics etc., causing a serious threat to both human and animal Health. Macrocyclic chemistry plays an important role in the same in form of Fe-TAML (iron complex of Tetraamido macrocyclic ligand), which works as activators for hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants to break down a wide variety of obstinate pollutants into biodegradable products. Prompted by this fact, in the present paper we report the synthesis and characterization of new iron complex of [Me2(12)diene N4], where tetradentate macrocyclic complex of iron was synthesized by template condensation of triethylenetetraamine and 2,4-butanedione in presence of trivalent iron salt. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

OP-99: TLC Enantioresolution of (±) – Naproxen on β-Cyclodextrin Impregnated Silica Gel Layers

Shalini Joshi1, Amrita Sharma2 and M. S. M. Rawat3

1 Department of Chemistry, K.L.D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India 3 Department of Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India

[email protected] Enantiomeric resolution has wide applications in various fields specially in pharmaceuticals and environmental issues where chirality affects human health. Derivatives of 2- aryl propionic acids are an important group of

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chiral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) most of which are marketed as racemates, even though they are known to be stereoselective in their action. Enantiomeric resolution of naproxen has been achieved on silica gel layers, bulk impregnated with β-cyclodextrin. Solvent systems Ethanol- Ammonia (5: 0.5, v/v) successfully resolved the enantiomers of (±) - naproxen and detection limits were also determined. Detection was performed by UV chamber thereby avoiding use of iodine vapours which is harmful for human health as well as environment. Effects of temperature, concentration of chiral selector and mobile phase variation were also studied. Method is extremely simple and reproducible. Use of native β-Cyclodextrin impregnated silica gel-G layers for resolution of β-blockers presents a new approach based on inclusion complexation and hence can be further explored for studying chiral recognition of other compounds also by TLC. OP-100: Effect of Organic and In-organic nutrients on the herbage yield and chemical

composition of the volatile oil of Matricaria chamomilla L .

M. M. Nadim and Shamim Ajaz Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

[email protected]

Chamomile has been used in herbal remedies for thousands of years, It is an ingredient of several traditional, Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathy medicinal preparations. Chamomile is used mainly as an anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, also antispasmodic. The flowers of M. chamomilla contain the blue essential oil from 0.2 to 1.9%, which finds a variety of uses like a mild sedative, digestive, antibacterial and fungicidal. In addition oil is extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and in food industry. Because of its extensive pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties, the plant possesses great economic value and is in great demand. In the present scenario it is necessary to study on the effect of organic and inorganic nutrients in the improvement of herbage yield and chemical constituents of the volatile oil of M. chamomilla. The experiment was conducted in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi. The treatments were control, recommended doses of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Farm Yard Manure respectively. Organic and in-organic nutrients enhanced the herbage yield as well as the percentage of the chemical constituents in the volatile oil of M. Chamomilla like α-Bisabolol , Chamazulene and α-Bisabolol oxide A .

OP-101: pHmetric Titration: A Green Approach

Shilpa Jain and Monika Datta Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

[email protected]

Working toward greener experiments is imperative for responsible chemist but the amount of analyte used in teaching laboratories is often very large .The existing methodology for the practice of pH metric titration experiments typically require 20 – 40 ml of the titrant . This results in the consumption of significant volumes of titrant and titrand per student. The present work demonstrates a methodology for successful titration with titrant volume 1-5ml using dibasic acids whose pH metric titration curves are well established. The titration curves matches very well with the best result reported so far using conventional method which involves 20 – 40 ml of the titrant volume. This methodology has been further extended for the estimation of Heteropolyacids (HPAs) from 1ml of aqueous solution and from the nature of the titration curve stability of the acid can be verified. This calibration could be further used to estimate the amount of heteropolyacid retained on heterogeneous support.

OP-102: Highly Efficient one POT, Solid Phase Synthesis of Aurones at room Temperature

Suresh Kumar1 and J. K. Makrandi2

1Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra university, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India 2Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[email protected] Aurones i.e. 2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones constitute a sub class of naturally occurring compounds which are structurally isomeric to flavones and biogenetically related to chalcones, and are responsible for imparting beautiful yellow colours to some of the flower petals. However because of limited occurrence in

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nature, the chemistry of the aurones have been little investigated compared to structural analogues i.e. flavones and isoflavones. A highly efficient one pot solid phase approach to hydroxy aurones and their partial methyl ether have been achieved directly from substituted 2-hydroxy phenacyl chloride just by grinding with aryl aldehyde using activated barium hydroxide as solid base and support. Aurones were obtained in excellent yield within few minutes without extraction from organic solvent just by acidification of the reaction mixture. This method avoids the prior preparation of benzofuran-3(2H)-ones by cyclisation of corresponding 2-hydroxy phenacyl chloride.

OP-103: H+, Zn++ and Cd++ modified forms of ZSM-5 and Zeolite Y as Catalyst for synthesis of fine chemical

S.Dheeraj, Nandanvankar H. V. and U. D Joshi*

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India [email protected]

During the last few decades, various environmentally unfriendly processes in bulk and fine chemical industries are being replaced with cleaner catalytic processes. In recent years, the use of porous material zeolite in the manufacture of fine chemicals and chemical intermediates has attracted interest owing to their special features such as shape selectivity, controlled variability, their reusability and eco-friendly nature, the characters sought for in green chemistry. Zeolites have been explored as efficient industrial catalysts for production of amines in petrochemical and fine chemical industries hence the research work is carried out with study of catalytic behavior of pre and post modified zeolites. In this work the conversion of cyclohexanone over metal modified zeolite materials under reductive amination conditions at atmospheric pressure, were studied and to compare the effect of different amounts of metal percent on the conversion was examined. Zeolite ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 33) and Y (Si/Al = 5) were synthesized from coal fly ash in our laboratory by using hydrothermal method. These were converted in to their protonic forms as H-ZSM-5 and H-Y Zeolites. These zeolites are further modified with the transition metal ions such as Zn++ and Cd++. 2wt%, 4wt% and 6wt% concentrated salt solutions of Zn++ and Cd++ metals in their acetate forms were prepared and used for batch ion exchange with zeolites. The ion exchange was done for a period of 12 hours followed by filtration and kept for drying at 1000 C overnight. The obtained samples of modified zeolites were calcined at 4500 C for 4 hours. In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of ZeoliteH-ZSM-5, H-Y and their modified forms morphology, physicochemical state and strength, sophisticated analytical techniques like XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDAX have been employed. These zeolites were used as catalyst in Reductive amination of cyclohexanone/ cyclohexanol the products identified were Cyclohexylamine, N-Cyclohexylidene, Cyclohexanone, 2-Cylohexylidene. The major product being Cyclohexylamine,N-Cyclohexylidene. Effect of different type, different amounts and various metal percents of zeolite catalysts for the reductive amination reactions for the conversion, selectivity of the products and the comparative performance were studied under the standard conditions of the reactions. In all our observations Zeolite Y is more active for this reaction than zeolite ZSM5. The conversion of cyclohexanone over Zn-Y was 62% and over Cd-Y it was 56%. The selectivity towards N-Cyclohexylidene was greater with Zn-Y when compared with Cd-Y; it was 85% and 75%. Selectivity is also greater with Y Zeolite. The conversion of cyclohexanone increases with Zn loading. For example, over zeolite H-Y the conversion increases from 55 % in the absence of Zn to 65% on 2% loading which further increases to 80 % with 6 % loading. The same trend was seen with the zeolite HZSM-5 also. Indeed, among them reductive amination reaction is the most widely applied technology for the conversion of base chemicals to commercially important products. OP-104: Development of an Elegant Protocol to the Incorporation of Privileged Nucleus

of 1, 5-Benzodiazepine to the s-Triazine framework through an Aminomethyl Piperidone Bridge

Vandana Singh, Meenakshi Sharma, Anshu Agarwal and D. kishore

Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

The advent of anti-HIV activity in 1, 4 benzo(pyrido) diazepines [TIBO and FDA approved Nevirapine etc.] has been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV/AIDS. We considered it of interest to incorporate 1,5-benzodiazepine molecule, alongwith other bioactive pharmacophores onto the s-triazine nucleus to develop

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biologically relevant molecules with widespread applications as therapeutics. s-Triazine derivative (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine:TCT) was selected for this study with this idea in mind that this molecule on one hand is biologically highly active and on the other hand it provides a template to hold the three biologically active pharmacophores together in the same molecule. 4-Methyl-1,3-dihydro-1H-(1,5)-benzodiazepin-2-one (2) formed the key precursor in the proposed synthesis and was obtained using the literature procedure from the reaction o-phenylenediamine (1) with acetoacetic ester. Compound 2 was transformed to its imino thiomethyl ether derivatives (3) using Lawesson’s reagent followed by alkylation with CH3I. The exceptional reactivity of imino thiomethyl ether derivatives with nucleophiles was explored to effect the reaction of 3 with 4-piperidone (4) to give 5. In order for the proposed synthesis to be propelled forward further in the direction depicted in scheme-1, we required the presence of an amino methyl group on 2-position of the piperidone fragments in 6 for its attachment to the 6-postion of 6-chloro-2,4-dicyclopropylamine-1,3,5-triazine (7). We envisioned, that installation of an amino methyl group in 6 could possibly be achieved on carrying out the Mannich’s reaction on it, with CH2O and bis-trimethylsilyl amine, followed by hydrolysis of the trimethylsilyl groups. This methodology when applied on 5 formed 6, whose reaction with 7 generated the desired product 8. Purity of 8 was checked by TLC and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS data. Exploration of its biological activity is in progress.

OP-105: Isolation of astragalin, a flavonol glucoside, from the stem of nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn

Rachna Jain* and Mridula Mittal

Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. P. G. College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India [email protected]

Astragalin (kampferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),a flavonol glucoside, is known to possess a variety of biological activities viz. antioxidant, antiamoebic, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic,hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory etc.It is one of the major flavonoids found in a number of plants.It has been isolated from the whole plant(comprising leaves, flowers,stalks,roots and seeds) extract of Thesium chinense,a herb grown through out the China.The compound has also been reported in the leaves of Uvaria rufa ,in trichomes isolated from green fruits of Solanum crinitum,fruits of Cornus kousa, petals of Rosa rugosa,and in leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis linn.(Family-Oleaceae) In our study,phytochemical investigation of the stem part of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis was under taken which led to the isolation of astragalin.Dried stem of the plant was powdered,extracted with methanol and chromatographed over Si-gel column.Astragalin was isolated from the 100%methanol fraction and was collected by ptlc.Characterization of the compound was done by melting point determination and spectral studies (IR,UV,NMR and Mass) and confirmed with available data.

OP-106: Voltametric redox patterns of some biorelevant sulfonamide azomethines

Rajeev Jain, A. K. Halve, Rachana Kathal*, Pradeep Soni and Amit Kankoriya School of Studies in Chemisrty, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

A series of azomethines of sulfathiazole was synthesized along with the incorporation of methyl substituted azosalicylaldehydes. The synthesized compounds showed efficient curbing potential against the tested pathogenic bacteria. Studies on the voltametric behavior of the synthesized azomethines have generated resources to understand the relations of the biological behavior of the synthesized drugs with their redox patterns in the polarographic, coulometric and cyclic voltametric analysis. The polarographic and coulometric data is suggestive of reductive cleavage of the imine & the azoic sites.

OP-107: Annealing Effect on Structural, Transport and Optical Properties of

Nanocrystalline ZnO Thin Films

L. P. Purohit*, Vinod Kumar and R. Kumar Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Thin films of Zinc Oxide were deposited on corning glass substrate by sol-gel method. Zinc acetate dehydrate, methanol and monoethanolamine were used as a Zinc source materials, solvent and stabilizer, respectively. ZnO films have been annealed at different temperature ranging from 350°C to 550°C. X-ray diffraction was used to

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investigate the structural properties of the ZnO films. Crystallite size of ZnO was found to be varying from 18 to 30 nm with change annealing temperature. A Scanning emission microscopy (SEM) was used to confirm surface morphologies of ZnO films. The lowest sheet resistance was found to be at annealing temperature 450°C. Sheet resistance is found to increase with increase in grain size. The band gap energy exhibits red shift from 3.26 to 3.22 eV with increase in annealing temperature.

OP-108: Development of Activated Nanoporous Carbons from Agricultural Solid Wastes and Applications to the Removal and Recovery of Organics and Inorganics

from Water – Adsorption Dynamics

Chinnaiya Namasivayam Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

[email protected]

Adsorption onto carbon dates back to 2000 B.C. Old medical scripts in Sanskrit from India gave the following prescription: “It is good to keep water in copper kettles, to expose it to sunlight and to filter it through charcoal”. The most important adsorbent employed in water treatment is activated carbon, which is manufactured from coal, lignite, peat, coconut shell etc. by several processes. Compared with other adsorbents, activated carbon, available as powdered activated carbon(PAC) or granular activated carbon(GAC) offers the advantage of removing a wide range of compounds. Activated carbon is not only used for water treatment but also for treatment of polluted air, the recycling of solvents and manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceutical products and food. Adsorption may be physical or chemical. Whereas physical adsorption is reversible, chemisorption is not reversible. While physical adsorption and chemisorption can be easily distinguished at their extremes, many cases fall between the two. Agricultural solid wastes are generated in huge quantities in countries like India, though a part of it is used as manure. Hence major problems of solid waste disposal arises. So it is essential either to find suitable ways for the safe disposal of the wastes or to suggest novel uses, considering them as by-products. Otherwise these will remain an accumulated waste, contributing highly to environmental pollution. The choice between recovery of valuable materials from waste and disposal of waste depends mainly on these factors: technology, economics and attitude. In developing countries like India, conventional water treatment chemicals like alum, ferric chloride, polymer flocculants and coal based activated carbons do not find attraction, because they are not cost-effective. Inexpensive and more easily available adsorbents would make the removal of pollutants economically viable alternatives. Lignocellulosic wastes like coir pith, peanut hull are discarded in the agricultural sector. Namasivayam and coworkers have investigated to recycle these agricultural solid wastes to develop activated nanoporous carbons by a number of processes and used as adsorbents. Activated carbons made from peanut hull showed good adsorption capacity for the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewaters. Physically and chemically activated carbons derived from coir pith were found to be efficient for the removal of dyes, phenols and toxic metal ions from water. Results of batch mode adsorption studies using the above non-conventional adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals, anions, dyes and phenols and applications to the treatment of real/synthetic polluted water will be presented in this lecture. Kinetics and temperature effects of adsorption will be discussed.

OP-109: Clay based nanopigments as multifunctional colorants

Manpreet Kaur and Monika Datta Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

[email protected]

A method has been developed for the modification of clay for the synthesis of clay supported nanopigments. A variety of organic dyes belonging to different classes have been used for this purpose such as acid dyes, direct dyes, reactive dyes etc. The mechanism of immobilization of these dyes on to the clay support has been investigated. The nanopigments synthesized have been characterized by X-RAY diffraction (XRD), FT-RAMAN, UV-DRIFT and TEM/HRTEM techniques. The FT-RAMAN spectra show the characteristic peaks belonging to the organic dye and the UV-DRIFT spectra of the clay based pigment shows no significant shift in the absorption maxima of the organic dye. The particle size of the pigments was found to be in the range of 3 nm to 20 nm as evident from the TEM images. The percentage of the dye required to produce the effective colour was ~ 0.3%.The synthesized nanopigments were dispersed in the polymeric matrix and thin films were made which exhibited uniform colour, good transparency with improved thermal stability as found by the differential scanning calorimetric (DSC)studies.

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These results demonstrate that these clay based nanopigments offers a new range of potential applications as multifunctional materials.

OP-110: Toxicological Aspects of Nanoparticles

R.K. Soni and Priyanka Arora Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected]

Wide applications of nanoparticles in different fields like chemical, biomedical, optical, pharmaceutical, electronic, environmental detection and monitoring etc., has intensified research effort in this field in the recent years. At the nanoscale, the physical and chemical properties of particles change which has not only created new opportunities but has also posed new risks and uncertainties. In the present work, an assessment of the toxicological aspects of nanoparticles is carried out. Because of their minute size they spread easily through the atmosphere, contaminate aquatic environment and thus cause environmental damage. Nanoparticles even represent health risk as they easily penetrate even the minutest of the biological structures like cell and cell organelles and thus disrupting their normal function.

OP-111: Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of BaZrO 3: Eu nanophosphors

V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar and Sheetal Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[email protected]

Now a day, rare earth ions-activated nanophosphors materials have been attracting much interest due to the excellent luminescence and potential applications in luminescent devices. Eu3+ doped BaZrO3 nanophosphors have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis using urea as a fuel in a preheated furnace at 5000C. Structure and luminescent properties of BaZrO3: Eu3+ materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. XRD pattern shows that the product has a high degree of crystallinity and the crystal size was also calculated. SEM was used for study of surface morphology and the results also show that BaZrO3: Eu3+ perovskites belong to cubic structure. The incorporation of Eu3+ activator in these nanoparticles was checked by luminescence studies. The emission spectra recorded under UV excitation exhibited strongest peak at 596 nm, emitting orange red light, assigned to the transition [5D0

7F1] of Eu3+. The dominating 5D0 →

7F1 transition shows that Eu3+ ions are located at a symmetry site. These materials may be used in the fields of high-performance luminescent devices, catalysts and other functional materials due to their exceptional electronic, optical and chemical characteristics arising from 4f electrons.

OP-112: Design Synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial activity of Thiosemicarbazones

A. K. Halve and Jitendra Kumar Gupta* School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India

[email protected] Antimicrobial agents are the greatest contribution of present century to chemotherapy. The biological activity of chemotherapeutic agents is immensely associated with N and S atoms. Thiosemicarbazones belongs to an important family of these heterocyclic compounds found to be endowed with diverse biological activities in its own right such as tuberculostatic, fungicidal, pesticidal, herbicidal, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal. A series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized by these reaction of azobenzaldehydes with thiosemicabazides. Purity of synthesized compounds have been ascertained by thin layer chromatography using acetone / n-hexane (1:3). and structures were assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by using disc diffusion technique against two bacterial pathogens viz S. aureus, E. coli, & two fungal pathogens namely C. albicanes, A. niger. Chloramphenicol and fluconazole were used as respective standard drugs. The synthesized thiosemicarbazones exhibit good activity for the selected bacterial and fungal strains

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OP-113: Pharmacological Activities of the compound isolated from Murraya koenigii

Abhishek Mathur1*, Rita Kashyap1, G. B. K. S. Prasad2 and V. K. Dua3

1Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India 2Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India

3National Institute of Malaria Research, Hardwar, Uttrakhand, India [email protected]

In the present investigation, the compound responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in methanolic extract of leaves of Murraya koenigii L. was determined by Perkin- Elmer GC Claurus 500 system and Gas Chromatograph interfaced to a Mass Spectrometer GC/MS technique. GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of the leaves of the plant revealed the existence of 1-Methyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (69.00%), Ethyl α-d glucopyranoside (13.36%), Isolongifolene, Isolongifolene (3.68%), c-Himachalene (2.88%), 1,2-Ethanediol, monoacetate (2.79%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-isooctyl ester (2.55%). The pure compounds were separated using a Shimadzo LC 2010 HPLC system (Kyoto, Japan), equipped with a Shimadzo LC 2010 UV-VIS detector with a thermostated flow cell and a selectable two wavelengths of 190 - 370 nm or 371–600nm. These were further screened for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. All the compounds possessed some or the other activity. It was found that the compound 9, 12 octadecadienoic acid having the retention time 18.81 and the peak area 0.60 % had potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The compound showed potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, E.coli, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum at MIC value from 0.05-0.56 µg/ml. The compound showed less activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison to other pathogens. The compound possessed to have strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 45.65 µg/ml as measured by DPPH assay. The compound possessed 85 % reduction in paw edema at a dose of 150 µg/ml in reference to standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin which showed 68.62 % reduction. The compound was further assayed for cellular toxicity to fresh sheep erythrocytes and found to have no cellular toxicity.

OP-114: Sustainable Technique for Agriculture

Anamika Srivastava Scientist (WOS-B), B. B. D. University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] In India about 43 percent of total geographical area is used for agricultural activity. The salt-affected area in India is 7.0 million hectare or 17 percent. As per the report of 61st round of National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), 74.68 percent people of country’s total population reside in rural areas. Further, in rural India, 64.3 percent of the population continues to be depended on agriculture as a major source of livelihood. India’s food grain requirement to feed the estimated population of 1400 million by 2025 will be 300 million tones. Reports indicates that some states witness consumption of fertilizer picking up without any conspicuous gain on agricultural crop productivity which suggest that the use of agrochemicals has deteriorated the soil health and limited its capacity to produce more, even with higher consumption of fertilizer. A major concern is the declining productivity of food grains. This was mainly due to the water-induced land degradation (Salinisation, Sodification, Groundwater depletion) and loss of fertility with the sustained removal of nutrients associated with more intensive cropping and the inappropriate use of heavily subsidized nitrogenous fertilizers. Sodic soils are dominated by electrochemical bounding of sodium and clays. The pH ranges lies between 8.5 and 11.5 causing reduced availability of nitrogen and zinc. Accumulation of sodium adversely affects soil fertility and is harmful for plant growth. The USDA Salinity Laboratory defines a sodic soil as having an ESP (Exchangeable sodium percentage) greater than 15. Reclamation of sodic land involves gypsum which is very costly and could not be affordable by poor and marginal farmers. Besides gypsum technology is not sustainable, it reverses the status. Whereas Jatropha (Phytoremediation technique) has potential to reclaim sodic land, as the key challenge was to reverse the process of sodicity through sustainable reclamation of sodic land and prevention of further increase in sodicity. Jatropha curcus, applied as reclamation agent, is trialed on farmer’s field. A result indicates that it reduces the pH and ESP and raises organic carbon within two years of study without the application of any chemical amendment.

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OP-115: Growth Response of S. Melongena in Three Different Adsorbents Irrigated With Sugar Mill Effluent

Sangeeta Madan and Charu Saxena*

Department of Environmental Sciences, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The present investigation has been carried out on Solanum melongena to study the effect of different adsorbents and sugar mill effluent on seed germination, root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a and b, ascorbic acid and biomass. In-vivo conditions were maintained for the experimental purpose. Three different adsorbents viz; (activated charcoal, wood ash, bagasse) and four different concentrations of sugar mill effluent i.e, (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were taken for the present study. 20 gm of each adsorbent was mixed separately in different pots containing 4 kg of soil. Triplicates were maintained for each of the adsorbents and a control set was also run in parallel. Sterilization of S. melongena seeds was done with 0.1 % HgCl2 and were equidistantly placed in the pots. Pots were irrigated with different concentrations of the effluent. Effect of different adsorbents and exposure of different concentrations of sugar mill effluent was observed on various morphological parameters of test crop. Results of germination studies showed that the lower concentrations (50%) of sugar mill effluent increased the germination percentage, seedling growth and biomass of the crop grown in soil having activated charcoal. Further increase of effluent concentrations showed the gradual decrease in the germination percentage, seedling growth and biomass. The study suggests that the effluent can be used safely for S. melongena cultivation, only after diluting the effluent and giving proper treatment.

OP-116: Chemistry, Safety Profile, Pharmacokinetics and Analysis of Haloperidol in Biological and Water Samples

H. V. Pant1, Prashant Singh2, Suresh Kumar3 and Seema Baniwal4

1,2Department of Chemistry, S. G. R. R. (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Talwari, Uttarakhand, India

4 Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Haloperidol is used very frequently for the treatment in various diseases in India. It is life saving catalyst but its unnecessary administration into human body is not desirable and lead to certain side effects and also alter the biological activities of the body. Some pharmaceutical industries and hospitals are releasing a variety of drugs including Haloperidol as biological waste into our water and ground resources. Therefore, analytical and environmental scientists, clinicians and other regulatory authorities are asking data on the presence of drug residues in biological and water samples. A search of literature through chemical, analytical and water abstracts on the drug Haloperidol residues in biological and water samples shows that reports about biological samples are available but not about water samples. The chromatographic methods of analysis of drugs have achieved a great reputation due their wide range of application, low limit of detection, efficiencies and reproducibilities. In view of these points, it may be inferred that there is a definite need for researchers to develop the new and cheaper thin layer chromatography (TLC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods for the separation and identification of Haloperidol drug residues in water.

OP-117: Anticonvulsant activity of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) Acetamides derivative

Kapil Kumar Goel1*, Anu2, Nidhi Goel3, Ashwani Kumar1 and Peeush Singhal1

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Gurukul Kangri university, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut, U. P., India

3Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Resaerch, Dehradun , Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

A series of N-aryl-2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) Acetamides have been synthesized by the condensation of substituted anilines with Methyl 2-(3-oxo-1, 4-benzothiazin-2yl) acetate. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds screened for anticonvulsant activity.

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The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity using maximal electroshock seizure method. The animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 6 animals each and were fasted for 24hr before the experiment with free access to water. The synthesized compounds were administered orally at an equimolar oral dose of 30mg/kg phenytoin. Both the test compounds and standard drug were administered orally as suspension in carboxymethyl cellulose in water. Supra-maximal electroshock of current intensity 50mA at a frequency of 60 Hz was given for duration of 0.2 sec of the administration of test and standard drug. The anticonvulsant activity was assessed after 30 min. of administration. The abolition of hind limb tonic extensor spasm was recorded as a measure of anticonvulsant activity. Most of the compounds were found as potent as phenytoin.

OP-118: Medicinal , Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of Plumbago Zeylanica (L.)

Nisha Sharma* and Purshotam Kaushik

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Medicinal plants are the local heritage with global importance. World is endowed with a rich wealth of medicinal plants. Natural products play an important role in drug development programme in the pharmaceutical industry. Plumbago zeylanica (L.) belongs to family Plumbaginaceae, commonly known as chitrak is one of the medicinal plants used in Indian traditional system of medicine. Traditionally P. zeylanica is used as a stimulant digestant, expectorant, laxative and in the treatment of muscular pain and rheumatic diseases.Some parts of P. zeylanica are used in various pharmacological activities. The different parts of P. zeylanica are used for various ethnomedicinal purposes and investigations have been carried out on different chemical compounds such as plumbagin and other compounds of this plant. Its biological activities like antibacterial, antimycotic, antiviral, antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and anticarcinogenic have been studied along with pharmacological effects of it. The present review deals with chemical compounds, medicinal properties, biological activities and pharmacological effects of P. zeylanica.

OP-119: Applications of Polymers for sustained delivery of therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals

Ramneek Singh

University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India [email protected]

Polymers have been widely used as excipients that adjust the consistency of creams and liquid formulations, as plasma expanders, and as tablet coatings. Recently much focus has been on the use of polymers for encapsulation of injectables for sustained release of the drug after administration by oral or intravenous routes. The advantages of polymer based delivery systems are that they can be loaded with the drug ( both chemical based and protein or DNA based) and reduced to micro and nano levels. When injected into the animals, the nano particles release drug in a sustained fashion thus reducing the dosage and number of administrations, thereby reducing toxicity and improving patient compliance. Many genetically engineered drugs (peptides and proteins) have characteristically short half-lives and in order to prolong their therapeutic effects in the human body, the only way is to release the drug in a controlled manner. Various natural and synthetic polymers have been studied for their usage as controlled drug delivery vehicles on the basis of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and cost effectiveness. Of the natural polymers, starch, alginate and gelatin have been used, the advantage being low cost, biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. In contrast, synthetic polymers are more reproducible and can be prepared with desired degradation rates, molecular weights and copolymer compositions. Nevertheless the synthetic polymers may have the disadvantage of limited solubility or may be soluble only in organic solvents and consequently may not release the drug in biological aqueous environment. Both the types are commercially available and are being studied, out of which polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) copolymer, PLGA has been suitable because of its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. FDA has approved its usage for implants and administration of therapeutics. Since anticancer drugs are highly toxic and have to be administered for long durations, sustained release of these drugs from nanoparticles (NP) will lead to maintenance of drug levels within desirable range with much lower doses, reducing the number of administrations and better patient compliance.

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OP-120: Adaptogenic Activity of the Roots Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd In Mice

Joshi Tanuj*1, Negi Deepak2 and Khulbe Preeti1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India

2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India [email protected], [email protected]

Ethanolic extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus was evaluated for adaptogenic activity in albino mice using different models of stress like chemical writhing test and swimming endurance test. It was found that the extract improved the stress tolerance in chemical writhing test by significantly reducing the total number of writhings at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. In the swimming endurance test the extract significantly reduced the immobilization time at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. The mice were divided into the following five groups each containing six animals: Group I (received only distilled water: vehicle control), Group II, III and IV ( treated with different doses of Asparagus racemosus extract; 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively) and Group V (received diazepam as standard drug: positive control). The present study demonstrated that Asparagus racemosus extract reduced the number of writhings significantly as compared to vehicle control. Thus demonstrating antistress activity. Increased swimming endurance in mice, pretreated with adaptogens has been reported and this model is used to evaluate the agents with adaptogenic properties. The swimming endurance paradigm is based on the observation that animals forced to swim in water eventually assumed a characteristic immobile posture, devoid of any activity. The appearance of immobility therefore, reflects a state of tiredness, fatigue, reduced stamina or a lowered mood (hopelessness). These signs represent the core symptoms observed in depressed patients and in individual under intense stress. It is well known that drugs with adaptogenic properties reduce the duration of immobility in animals in physical stress models like swimming endurance test. The no of writhings (mean±SEM) observed for various groups in chemical writhing test were as follows: Group I (42±6.696), Group II (17.6±6.592), Group III (10.6±3.501), Group IV (8±3.764), Group V (5.400±2.159). In the swimming endurance test the immobility time (mean±SEM) observed was as follows: Group I (27.028±0.81), Group II (23.49±1.03), Group III (22.328±0.656), Group IV (21.370±0.388), Group V (17.400±1.568). The results suggest that the extract demonstrated adaptogenic potential in chemical stress model. In our study Asparagus racemosus also reduced the immobility time in swimming endurance test and thus proved its adaptogenic potential. Diazepam, used as a positive control significantly reduced the chemical writhing and immobility time in both chemical induced stress and swimming endurance test. OP-121: Antimicrobial Screening and Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts of Medicinal

Plants

Navneet, Prabhat Kumar, Sanjay and S. S. Gautam Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Medicinal plants are rich source of bioactive compounds, can serve as important raw materials for drug production. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of Acacia arabica, Acacia catechu, Achyranthes aspera, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Jasminum grandiflorum, Olea europaea, Salvadora persica, Terminalia chebula and Vitex negundo against gram positive (S. sanguis, S. mutans, A. viscosus, L. acidophilus, S. aureus and S. salivarius) bacterial pathogens. Plants were collected from various places of Uttarakhand and identified at Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar and Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Center, Dehradun. Plant materials were washed in fresh water and dried under shade at room temperature. The plant parts were crushed and extracted in petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and water by using Soxhlet apparatus. Agar well diffusion method was adopted to examine the antibacterial activity. Among all the extracts methanolic extracts were comparatively more effective against all tested microorganisms. Phytochemical analysis of all the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, saponins and tannin. These investigations support a good response to the use of these plants in herbal medicine and as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine.

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OP-122: Variability in Dendrocalamu Strictus (ROXB.) Nees through Biochemical Traits

Saira Malik * and Sas Biswas

Plant Physiology Discipline, Forest Research Institute Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The genus Dendrocalamus belongs to the family Poaceae under the sub family Bambusoideae. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees is one of the priority species of the country which is distributed in different forest types of India. It occupies 53% of the total bamboo area in India. The most predominant areas are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Western Ghats. With the myriad of uses, most primarily as a principle source of paper and pulp in India and also being climatically versatile owing to its quadruple times CO2 sequestration ability than the average timber, there is an urgent need to increase its plantation with high productivity which can be achieved through ascertaining the potential species, analysis of genetic variability among traits and association of a particular character in relation to other traits contributing to yield. Some such taxonomically significant traits include chlorophyll, sugars, proteins, amino acids and phenols. These biochemical traits are of utmost importance and underlie a useful genotypic variation. Studying these parameters would give us the perspective of variation and hence would assist in screening and unambiguous selection of candidate plus bamboo thus, the present work purports to study the genetic variation in D.strictus germplasm A germplasm of D.strictus was established at FRI in year 2007 representing 296 accessions from 17 states .Twenty accessions were chosen and subjected to biochemical analysis. Highly significant variation was observed among the accessions based on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and total phenols at p≤0.001 and at p≤0.05 for amino acids. The maximum total chlorophyll (2.55 mg g-1 FW), chlorophyll a (1.74 mg g-1 FW), sugars (25.24 mg g-1 DW) and soluble protein content (18.02 mg g-1 FW) was observed in A35 hailing from Hoshiyarpur-I (Punjab), whereas accession yielding the highest chlorophyll b content was in A5 (0.9 mg g-1 FW) from Devprayag. A32 (0.3 mg g-1 DW) from Kahanpur registered the maximum value of phenol content. The maximum value for free amino acids was recorded in A40 (13.74 mg g-1 DW) from Jhelwa followed by A8 (12.9 mg g-1 DW) from Haridwar. Further a significant positive correlation was observed among various biochemical parameters. Partition of the variance into genotypic, phenotypic and environmental variance revealed maximum variance was revealed at phenotypic level followed by genotypic and environmental for the studied biochemical traits. Estimates of heritability (Broad sense) revealed heritability range from 35.2% to 74.5%. Maximum heritability was observed in chlorophyll (74.5%) followed by sugars (70.5%) and proteins (55.3%) coupled with high genetic gain. Hence these characters can be selected for further tree improvement programmes. OP-123: Study of mucoadhesive microparticulate drug delivery system of Isabgol husk

for anti-diabetic effect of gliclazide

Vipin K. Sharma 1, Prince P. Sharma1 and B. Mazumdar2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India

[email protected]

The main objective of any drug delivery system is to achieve the desired therapeutic concentration at the site of action. Numbers of drug delivery devices are categorized in conventional and sustained release system to attain the desired therapeutic effect of incorporated drug entity. Prolonged/controlled release drug delivery preparations are considered more convenient than conventional due to some inherent characteristics i.e. patient compliance, long duration of action, low dosing frequency, less side effects and toxic effects etc. Not only the drugs but also the fabricating polymeric networks play a major role in governing the efficacy of drug delivery devices. Mucoadhesive drug delivery formulations are fabricated by using polymers that have ability to adhere on underline mucosal covering of different routes of drug administration. The mucoadhesion is generally based on length and extent of hydrophilic chains present on the surface of drug delivery devices. Large number of natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers have been reported in various studies to be applied in different preparations to site specific devices such as nasal, buccal, ophthalmic, gastric, enteric, colon etc.

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Isabgol husk, a well known natural non-toxic edible remedy obtained from seed husk of Plantago ovata is used from ancient time in all therapeutic systems to relive the constipation problem. In the present study, it was applied to formulate mucoadhesive microparticulate system of gliclazide along with sodium alginate as hardening agent. Gliclazide is an anti-diabetic agent of sulfonyl urea category and generally used in NIIDDM (Type II diabetes). It is water insoluble in nature having biological half life of 2 to 8 hours. The preparations were prepared by ionic gelation cross-linking technique by using calcium chloride as counter ion in different strength say 2, 5 and 8%w/v. The formulations thus prepared were evaluated for particle size distribution, swelling, drug loading, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release in distilled water, acidic and basic environment; FTIR, DSC and surface topography. The preparations were administered to normal rabbits (n=3) by oral route for X-ray study after barium meal to assess the effect of transition time on mucoadhesion. The anti-diabetic effect was also observed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rabbits (n=6) through blood glucose level determination by glucose strip method. The study revealed the suitability of Isabgol husk in controlling the release of incorporated gliclazide as well as in mucoadhesion.

OP-124: Green Buildings: A Vedic Approach

Suyash Bhardwaj1 and Murli Manohar Tiwari2 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 2Department of Applied Chemistry,

Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency with which buildings use resources — energy, water, and materials — while reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better site, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal the complete Building life cycle. Buildings are significant users of energy, water, and material resources, as well as major contributors to environmental degradation associated with the use of these resources. Without significant increases and improvements in building practices, the negative impact of the built environment on human and environmental health is likely to increase dramatically in future decades. Vastu shastra is an ancient Indian science that lays down the guidelines of architecture and buildings. Architecture or Shilpa Shastras describes the standards for religious Hindu iconography, prescribing among other things, the proportions of a sculptured figure, as well as rules of Hindu architecture. Vastu believes that there are essentially two types of forces positive and negative; which are equal but act opposite to each other. When a structure is build over the surface of the earth it comes in natural interaction with these forces, the intensity of forces differ according to the factors like levels or floor, water bodies, door placement etc. If the structure is build such that positive forces override the negative forces, then the beneficial bio-energy thus released helps all the inmates to be healthy. There are sayings such as: Nadi Shotriyo Raja Devagyo Na Chikitasak Tatra Vaso Na Kartavaya : A place where there is no river (Source of water - pond or well, etc.), scholar, astrologer, ruler and medical expert, should not be selected for living thereon, it should be rejected. Dushta Bharya Shath Mitra Bhratiyaschottar Dayak; Sasarpe Ch Grahey Vaso Mirturev Na Sanshaya : If there is house in which lives an unfaithful wife, a foolish friend, an outspoken servant and a snake, the owner of such a house may die at any moment. If such things are associated with the house constructed by someone, the life of the inmates become troublesome and unhappy, and there is always a fear of death. This paper presents a greener approach to the architecture of modern buildings according to vedic and hindu iconology. This concept may be used to improve the life of buildings, the air circulation and the health of inmates. Status of green building in various cities of India and the concept of green building shall also be discussed.

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PP-1: Expedient Protocols to the Heteroannulation of face ‘a’ of 1, 5-benzothgiazepin-2-on-s, s-dioxide with triazole, tetrazole and quinazoline nucleus through its

iminothiomethyl ether derivative

Aarti*, Pragati Devi and Dharma Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

Successful chemotherapeutic applications of 1, 5- benzothiazepine derivatives such as diltiazem used in the treatment of calcium channel blocker, calcium channel modulator, calcium channel antagonist, vasodilator, antihypertensive, blood platelet aggregation inhibitor, antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, antianginal, antiischemic etc. prompted us to study the potential of this nucleus in the discovery of other novel agents of medicinal importance. This stimulated us to explore the feasibility of the preparation of 1, 5- benzothiazepine-S, S-dioxide derivatives which contained an oxadiazole nucleus on its 4-position and were annulated with triazole, tetrazole and quinazoline rings on face ‘a’ of its nucleus. In this communication, we report the development of expedient protocols which allowed the facile annulation of 1, 5- benzothiazepine-S, S-dioxide nucleus with the above pharmacophores through their 2-imino thiomethyl ether derivatives. The iminothiomethyl ether function has been reported to participate actively in the nucleophilic displacement reactions and cyclocondensations with appropriate bidentate nucleophiles to give the heteroring annulated products. This property of iminothiomethyl ether functionality in 8 was utilized in the synthesis of 9, 10, 11 and 12, from the reaction of 8 with methyl anthranilate (or isatoic anhydride), o-aminobenzonitrile, acethydrazide and hydrazine hydrate (followed by the interaction of the product obtained from this reaction with HNO2). The intermediate 8 which formed the key compound in the synthesis was realized from 7, on its reaction with Lawesson’s reagent followed by treatment with MeI. Compounds 4, 5 and 6 were realized in succession from 3 on applying the established procedures reported for such reactions, on the related substrates in the literature. Compound 3 had in turn resulted from the reaction of o-aminothiophenol (1) with the ester of maleic (or fumaric acid) (2). Oxidation of 3 with H2O2/ AcOH formed the corresponding S, S-dioxide derivate 4. The ester group of 4 on reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded the acid hydrazide (5), whose reaction with CS2+KOH followed by treatment with HCl yielded the corresponding oxadiazole derivative (6). Compound 7 resulted from 6 on allowing the extrusion of sulphur from the SH group of 6 by Raney Ni. The products were tested for purity by tlc and characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS data. PP-2: Chemistry driven approach to the development of possible substitutes to ‘haart’ in anti-hiv chemotherapy explored by incorporating the vital components of etraverine

on to the 2-position of privileged nucleus of 1, 5 benzodiazepine

Aastha Pareek, Manju Rani, Pratima Sharma, Navjeet Kaur and D. Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIS) form the key components of “highly active anti-retroviral therapy” [HAART] which comprise of the combination of FDA approved first generation drugs such as efevirenz, nevirapine, delavirdine, etravirine etc. but despite the demonstrated chemical efficacy of these drugs, The emergence of clinical resistance has become a key issue and a major cause of a treatment failure. Recently, a second generation NNRTI ‘etravirine’ (TMC 125) has been approved by FDA that has demonstrated activity against a number of clinically observed mutants. Encouraged by the improved treatment option which the HAART therapy has provided, we reasoned that an even still better treatment option could possibly be obtained on joining the two/three active enzyme inhibitors in the same molecular framework by resorting to such synthetic endeavours which allowed them to join together to become the part of the same molecule . The motivation for the exploration of such treatment option derived its inspiration, on this premise that the presence of two ( or three) active anti –HIV agents in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly by providing an additive effect on the overall potency in the resulting molecules. The importance of benzo (pyrido) diazepines as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (TIBO, Nevirapine etc.) have been well documented in the literature. Eversince the benzodiazepine nucleus has been recognized to belong to the class of (‘privileged medicinal scaffolds’) their potential towards the discovery of novel drugs have been reexamined with a renewed interest. A perusal of the structure of FDA approved anti-HIV agent ‘etravirine’ repeated that its molecule comprised of essentially three vital fragments viz, (i) p-cyanophenyl amino part (ii) p-cyano phenoxyl part and (iii) amino

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pyrimidine part. In a quest to find possible substitute to HAART, it was thought that the impact which the incorporation of etravirine (or its above vital components) on to the 1, 5- benzodiazepine nucleus could produce on the anti-hiv potential in the resulting materials was worth investigating. We report in this communication, the preliminary results of our study launched on its first phase, to incorporate the p-cyanophenylamino, p-cyanophenoxyl and amino pyrimidine parts on to the 2-position of 1, 5 benzodiazepine nucleus to generate six analogues, as possible potential substitutes to HAART in anti –HIV chemotharepy the biological potential of these materials with particular refrence to their application as substitutes to HAART, is under study. PP-3: Effect of micronization on release Kinetic of both micronized and non-micronized

glimepiride 4 mg tablets

Abhimanyu1*, Ravi Pratap1, Ashish Pandey1 and Vivek Trivedi2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FAMS), Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India 2 Sun Pharma, Plot no. 754, Setipool, Nandok, Ranipool, East Sikkim, India

[email protected]

The aim of present research work was to evaluate in-vitro drug release kinetic of 4mg tablets containing non-micronized and micronized glimepiride by using micronization technology. In order to achieve this goal several tablets were developed, optimized and characterized. Best optimized tablet formulation was selected for further studies. Two batches of the tablets were prepared, one for non-micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg) and the other for micronized glimepiride tablets (4mg). These tablets were subjected to evaluation studies such as micromeritics, compatibility, physical properties viz. hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and content uniformity, dissolution. Total experiment was carried out quite methodically and scientifically. Micromeritics properties of powder blend of both non-micronized and micronized glimepiride 4mg tablets for direct compression were found within permissible limits for successful compression. From the research carried out it was found that the physical properties of non-micronized and micronized glimepiride tablets such as hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation and content uniformity all were found within the Pharmacopoeial limit. No drug-excipients interaction was confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy which indicates the mutual compatibility. Finally, accelerated stability study was performed and results were compared between the two batches. Results of this study revealed that micronized tablet formulation of glimepiride 4mg released more drug content i.e. 102.74±5.13% when compared to non micronized tablets which had released just 59.61±8.64 %. From the present research it can be concluded that micronization of a poorly soluble drug such as glimepiride is an important technique to enhance the rate of dissolution. PP-4: Allelopathic effects of decomposed walnut leaf on Radish (raphanus sativus l.) and

Mustard (brassica spp.) seed germination and seedling growth in Uttarakhand Himalayas

R. S. Bali, Abhishek Bahuguna* and Sandhya Bahuguna

College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling growth of two vegetable crops Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa chetki and Mustard (Brassica spp.) cv. Karanti under western Himalayan agri–silvisystem. Five treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%) 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Both the varieties exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 100% extracts application in comparison to untreated control. Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating Pusa chetki and Karanti. Present investigation shows that the tree species have allelopathic potential and contain water-soluble substances. They have inhibitory effects at higher concentrations but at low concentrations they have stimulatory effects. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a large deciduous fruit tree with long fragrant leaves, distributed in the Himalayas between 1375-3350 m. asl, extending in the west to Afganistan and east to Bhutan. In the Himalayas, the walnut is one of the first species to lose its leaves, tree becoming leafless from September to October i.e. the right time of rabi crop sowing in hills. Presence of trees in agri-silvi system results in direct exposure of associated crop to continuous release of chemicals. These chemicals influence local environment, germination and growth and

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plants. The effects of these chemicals on other plants are known as allelopathy to be dependent on the concentration released into the soil /environment.

PP-5: Allelopathic effects of walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of grain Amaranth (amaranthus spp.) Under north-west Himalaya agri-

silvi system

Abhishek Bahuguna, Birendra Prasad*, Sandhya Bahuguna and D. K. Shukla College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment. Allelochemicals are present in many types of plants and are released into the rhizosphere by a variety of mechanism, including decomposition of residues, volatilizations and root exudation. These chemicals are known to affect germination, growth, development, distribution and reproduction of a number of plant species. The experiment was conducted under the laboratory conditions at GBPUA&T, Hill Campus, Ranichauri. Fresh fallen leaves of walnut (Juglans regia L.) were collected near by area of GBPUAT, Hill Campus, Ranichauri in the month of first week of October, 2010. Leaves were dried in open sunlight, mechanically crushed and made a fine powder. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120g of fine powder were soaked in 1000 ml. distilled water at 25+ 20C for 48 h to comprise of seven treatments (Control = 0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% concentration respectively. 100 seeds of each treatment were placed separately in pre-sterilized petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. 10 ml distilled water each of control and six concentration of leaf extracts were added in each Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of grain amaranth. Invariably there was a decrease in root, shoot as well as seedling length, fresh and dry weight of seedling and vigour index with increasing walnut leaf extracts concentration on grain amaranth. Result showed that germination percent varied from (10.67 to 63.67%), root length (1.60 to 4.54 cm), shoot length (0.92 to 2.99 cm), fresh weight (0.08 to 0.13 g), dry weight (0.02 to 0.04 g), vigour index I (10.87 to 479.22 %) and vigour index II (0.11 to 2.55 %) having considerable variation. It is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic principle of leaf extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves, hulls and inner root bark. PP-6: Identification, Classification and Characterization of Some Important Microalgal

Species for Biodiesel Production

Ajay Kumar1 and Neetu Singh2 1Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India

2Department of Biotech, MIM, Ghaziabad, U. P., India [email protected], [email protected]

Biodiesel is a proven fuel. Algae are sunlight-driven cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to potential biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bioactives. Different species of algae are known to accumulate nutrients as well as responsible for producing biodiesel. This paper focuses on identification, classification and characterization of microalgal species as a potential source of biodiesel. Microalgae can provide several different types of renewable biofuels. Microalgae commonly double their biomass within 24 h. Biomass doubling times during exponential growth are commonly as short as 3.5 h. Oil content in microalgae can exceed 70% by weight of dry biomass. Oil levels of 20–50% are quite common. Oil productivity, depends on the algal growth rate and the oil content of the biomass. Microalgal biomass contains approximately 50% carbon by dry weight (Sánchez Mirón et al., 2003). All of this carbon is typically derived from carbon dioxide. Producing 100 t of algal biomass fixes roughly 183 t of carbon dioxide. Microalgae with high oil productivities are desired for producing biodiesel. Microalgal oils can potentially completely replace petroleum as a source of hydrocarbon feedstock for the petrochemical industry. For this to happen, microalgal oil will need to be sourced at a price that is roughly related to the price of crude oil, as follows: Calgal oil = 6.9 x 10−3Cpetroleum, Where, Calgal oil ($ per liter) is the price of microalgal oil and Cpetroleum is the price of crude oil in $ per barrel.

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PP-7: Determination of 2, 3-dimethylaniline in Water samples – An application of Periodate Oxidation

Ajay Kumar1, Reeta Kumari2 and Jaspal Singh3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2R. K. Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U. P., India 3Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of 2,3-dimethylaniline in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and spectroscopic studies, is 2, 3-dimethyl -1, 4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of 2,3-dimethylaniline in the range 1.2 – 19.4 µg/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendell’s sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-8: Hazardous effects of soil pollution and its protection

Ajay Pali* and Randhir Singh Yadav Amrapali Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials or disease causing agents that have adverse effects on humans, plants and animals. There can be many causes of the soil pollution, such as seepage from landfills, discharge of industrial waste into the soil, percolation of contaminated water into the soil, rupture of underground storage tanks, excess application of pesticides, insecticides etc.The most common chemicals causing soil pollution are petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and solvents. Industrial wasteis one of the single biggest contributors to soil pollution, hence requires to be tackled urgently. In order to assess soil quality and to select proper soil remediation methods in case of severe pollution, first we have to understand the behaviour of various compounds within soil and their respective effects on organisms. The compound behaviour in soils consists of the following processes, ‘Speciation’, ‘Transport’ and‘Uptake’. Speciation focuses on adsorption to soil particles and on complexation reactions,such as mechanism and modeling of reaction ofheavy metals with dissolved organic matter.In this study, we will be studying dissolution, precipitation, volatilization and condensation andthese processes will be elaborated for compounds like heavy metals, volatile organic chemicals, cyanide, nitrogen and phosphate. To determine the dose-response relationship of heavy metals for plants grown in polluted soils, we will use relevant research methods and measurement techniques. Basic data is derived from a pot experiment with common grass in which two different soil types are used and treated with different doses of various heavy metal (Cu, Zn) at different pH levels. The techniques applied are plant and soil sampling, chemical analysis of total metal amounts in plant and soil, determination of free metal concentrations, pH measurements, and regression analysis (parameter fitting).This study is mainly concerned with the determination of adsorption behaviour of heavy metals in the soil depending on soil type, pH values and the evaluation of effects of heavy metals on plant growth and metal uptake as a function of total or bio available amount in the soil. In this study, a group of 8-10 students, divided into four groups, performed this experiment for different metals while concentrating on the power type functions, which is dose-response relationship.

PP-9: Green computing solutions for web surfing

Akanksha Chandola Anthwal* and Sheenu Agarwal Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Green computing is a novel and an innovative trend in the world of computing which has minimum or no impact on the environment. Many initiatives have been taken to make the entire web surfing experience more

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green, i.e. eco-friendly. We need more practical and easy solutions to facilitate greater participation from people for collective fight against global warming. In this paper we are intended to discuss the techniques for energy efficient web surfing practices taking in account some of the green friendly websites that helps in tracking carbon footprint, energy usage and overall impact on earth. It will also include some tactics for saving energy and resources while surfing the web.

PP-10: Effect of Ammonia on Human Health

Alok Kulshreshtha*, Vivek Verma, Anurag Kulshreshtha and Ashok Kumar School of Chemical Sciences, St. John's College, Agra, U. P., India

[email protected]

Ammonia is one of the most highly-produced inorganic chemicals. There are numerous large-scale ammonia production plants worldwide, producing a total of 131,000,000 metric tons of ammonia in 2010-2011. China produced 32.1% of the worldwide production, followed by India with 8.9%, Russia with 7.9%, and the United States with 6.3%. This irritant gas with a unique pungent odor also is used in the production of explosives, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, textiles, leather, flame-retardants, plastics, pulp and paper, rubber, petroleum products, and cyanide. Furthermore, ammonia is a major component of many common household cleaning and bleaching products (eg, glass cleaners, toilet bowel cleaners, metal polishes, floor strippers, wax removers, smelling salts). About 80% or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. Ammonia is also used for the production of plastics, fibers, explosives, and intermediates for dyes and pharmaceuticals. Permissible levels of exposure to toxic gases are defined by time-weighted average (TWA), short-term exposure limit (STEL), and concentration at which toxic gasses are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). The TWA is defined as the concentration for an 8-hour workday of a 40-hour workweek that nearly all workers can be exposed to without adverse effects. Similarly, the STEL is the concentration to which an exposure of longer than 15 minutes is potentially dangerous and may produce immediate or chronic compromise to health. Anhydrous ammonia has a TWA of 25 ppm, an STEL of 35 ppm, and an IDLH of 500 ppm. Although injury from ammonia most commonly is caused by inhalation, it also may follow ingestion or direct contact with eyes or skin. The present study is designed to assess the effect of Ammonia on human health especially in Mumbai area.

PP-11: Bulk Removal of Hazardous Halogen Dye –Food Red Dye 105, from wastewater through Adsorption

Alok Mittal and Damodar Jhare

Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M. P., India [email protected], [email protected]

Bottom Ash, a waste of thermal power plant has been investigated for the adsorption of a hazardous halogen containing dye Food Red 105 [IUPAC name, 4,5,6,7,-tetrachloro-2’,4’,5’,7’,-tetraiodofluorescein disodium salt and Molecular formulae as C20H2Cl4I4Na2O5] from Wastewaters. The present research work deals with optimization of experimental conditions along with its applicability to various important parameters like effect sieve sizes of the adsorbents, amount of the adsorbent, concentration of the dye, effect of contact time, temperature at 300C and pH of the solution were analyzed for understanding the adsorptive abilities of the adsorbents. The adsorption has been found to increase with decrease in the particle size. Under the bulk removal Food Red 105 has been adsorbed through the column beds of Bottom Ash and the adsorbed dye has been recovered by eluting dilute NaOH solution through exhausted columns. Thus it has been concluded that the Bottom Ash can act as good alternative in wastewater treatment technology. PP-12: Common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri (Uttarakhand )

L.R.Dangwal, Aman Deep Singh*, Antima Sharma and Tajinder Singh

Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H.N.B. Garhwal University, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The present communication pertains to the common weeds of kharif crops of block Chamba, District Tehri (Uttarakhand). The study was based on extensive and intensive field surveys made during different months of kharif season 2009-11. During the course of field study the authors have selected 05 important villages in block

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Chamba i.e Nagni, Bundhargaon, Saundkoti, Sabli, Kaymalgaon. Three sites were selected in each villages. A total of 56 weed species belonging to 03 monocot and 19 dicot families were reported from the study area. Out of these 22 families the predominance was shown by monocot family Poaceae having 09 weed species followed by families Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae each having 06 weed species.

PP-13: Physico-chemical properties of the water of river Ganga at Haridwar during Maha Kumbh Mela, 2010

Amar Singh*, Rohit Chaudhary and R. K. Negi

Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

During the Maha Kumbh mela festival, one of the largest religious gathering in the world, millions of pilgrims around the globe take a holy dip in the river Ganga. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of this mass bathing during main bathing dates on physico-chemical parameters of River Ganga water during the Maha Kumbh (February to April), 2010 at Haridwar (Uttarakhand). Water samples were collected from three different sites (Premngar Ashram Ghat, Shankar Ashram Ghat and Jathwara Bridge Ghat), situated on the bank of upper Ganga canal. Different water quality parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, transparency, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, free co2, alkalinity, hardness and chloride were analyzed. The samplings were done in three phases at each main bathing date i.e. before one day of bathing date, at the bathing day, and next day of bathing date during morning. Results showed that higher values for total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand & turbidity were observed at the main bathing date in comparison to previous and next day of main bathing date at all three sites. On while other parameters such as pH, dissolve oxygen, Transparency were found decreased. Alkalinity, chloride & Free CO2 however showed no regular trend among sites. The water was found to be hard during first three bathing dates and moderately hard at 4th bathing date. Results revealed that the pollution level was increased at the day of bathing dates in comparison to previous and next days.

PP-14: Green chemistry-happy and prosperous world

Amar Nath Chaudhary Department of Chemistry, R. M. College, Saharsa, Bihar, India

[email protected]

The quantitative and qualitative developments of human activity with the advancement of Science and Technology have been given positive benefits since age. However these benefits have been coupled with resource depletion, ecological degradation as by product and environmental pollution. Well protected and healthy environment is need of hour. This can be achieved by using Green chemistry. Green chemistry also known as sustainable and eco-friendly chemistry has already demonstrated how chemistry can protect human health and environment in an economically beneficial manner. Sustainable development means managing resources effectively and maximizing the benefits we get from them so as not to overload the worlds ecosystem. By using Green chemistry engineers scientists educationists can create safer future. Educationists have to adopt green technology and their philosophy to be infused in education and research. Industries have to adopt green technology because it will not be only beneficial for the society but provide costs benefits.

PP-15: Synthesis and in-vitro antifungal studies of some new 1-(2-{2-hydroxy-5-[phenyldiazenyl]phenyl}-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylthiourea derivatives

A. K. Halve1, A. Kankoriya2 and Rachana Kathal3

1School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India, 2GICTS college, Gwalior, M. P., India

3Amity University, Gwalior, M. P., India [email protected]

Pathogens immune response to exiting pharmaceuticals has risen dramatically in the last few decades due to the structural modifications, genomic mutations and biochemical alterations acquired by the microorganisms. Since

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many drugs available in the market cause side effects or face quickly developed resistance by the pathogens, there is a general consensus that new antifungal compounds are urgently required for conquering these fungi. Several five membered ring systems, e.g., triazole, oxadiazole, dithiazole and thiadiazole with three heteroatoms at symmetrical or asymmetrical positions have been studied because of their interesting pharmacological properties. In this article our emphasis is on synthetic development and pharmacological activity of the thiazole moiety which exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activity such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer etc. The present work explains the synthesis and fungal sensitivity evaluation of new thiosemicarbazones and 4-thiazolidinone, obtained using appropriate synthetic methodology. The structure of synthesized compounds was assigned on the basis of elemental and spectral data. All the compounds were tested for sensitivity against a panel of fungal organisms using disc diffusion method.

PP-16: Effect of late sowing heat stress on membrane thermo- stability index of different wheat varieties

Amit Kumar, Vikas Kumar Singh and R. S. Sengar

Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected]

Wheat is the most important winter crop grown in India during rabi season. This golden grain winter cereal is major contributor to food security system and provides more than 50 percent calories to the people who are mostly dependent on this staple food. It is the second largest crop of India consumed after rice. Globally it is cultivated on an area of 21561 million hectares with the production of 628.10 million tone and contributed about 11.57% of total cereal production. Global warming is common in most cereal growing area in the world. The membrane stability index (MSI) was taken as major parameter of screening wheat varieties for heat tolerance. MSI is determined by measuring of electrical conductivity of aquause phase in which leaf tissue exposure to high temperature. Membrane stability index at seed development stage showed positive association with biomass and seed yield in wheat genotypes under normal and late sown conditions. High temperature stress caused significant reductions in physiological parameters and yield. High temperature/late sowing induced decline in membrane stability index (app. 31%), plant height (app.17%), biomass (app.39%) and seed yield (app.50%) were observed in different wheat varieties. Heat stress also reduced tiller number, spike bearing tiller, grain number per spike and grain yield due to faster phasic development. With increase in stress intensity, a progressive and significant decrease in yield and yield attributing traits were noted in all wheat varieties. Late planting of wheat is one of the major reasons for yield reduction, since about 60% of the wheat crop is cultivated at late sowing conditions after harvesting the transplanted rice. In India, late planting of wheat exposes it to high temperature at reproductive stage causing reduction of the number of kernels per spike and the size. So we conclude that membrane stability index (MSI) is the major parameter of screening wheat varieties for heat tolerance trait.

PP-17: Energy conservation using fuzzy logic – a review

D. C. Pandey, Saurabh Mishra and Anamika Bhatia Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Energy being an important element of the infrastructure sector has to be ensured its availability on sustainable basis. On the other hand, the demand for energy is going manifold and the energy sources are becoming scarce and costlier. Among the various strategies to be evolved for meeting energy demand, efficient use of energy and its conservation emerges out to be the least cost option in any given strategies, apart from being environmentally benign. In this paper an exercise has been done to show how effectively and efficiently the energy can be utilized in various applications using fuzzy logic controller.

PP-18: Aerostats using solar panels Anil Agrwal and Agrani Sharma

TRUBA Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal, M.P., India [email protected], [email protected]

This paper describes about the exploitation of solar energy at higher altitude may be simpler in engineering/

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mechanical terms, and provide a very predictable/reliable source. The concept of the aerostat of solar power generation (ASPG) is then introduced and section on costing shows how this concept could provide a viable method to harvest solar energy and to transform into electricity for ground user. An aerostat is lighter than air object that can stay stationary in the air. An aerostat main structural component is its envelope, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components are attach. Technically aerostats are capable of providing ‘aerostatics” lift is capable of providing “aerostatic lift in that force upward arise without the movement through the surrounding air mass. This contrast with the aerodynamic lift which require the movement of at least some parts of the aircraft through the surrounding air mass. However in reality most aerostats (excepts spherical balloons) obtain lift from both aerodynamic lift and pure gas lift at some time or other. PP-19: Effect of PVP, PVA and POLE surfactants on the size of iridium nanoparticles

Anjali Goel* and Neetu Rani

Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India

[email protected]

Nano-materials are currently gaining a lot of prominence due to their unique properties and applications in various fields. Much information is available in the literature on the synthesis and applications of these materials. The synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles is a research area of big interest, especially since these materials have very interesting optical, magnetic and catalytic properties. Commonly transition metal nano particle are synthesized by physical, chemical or electrochemical methods. In the present work colloidal iridium nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method with different surfactants like poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly oxyethylene lauryl ether (POLE). It was found that shapes and size of Ir-nano particles resulted were related to kind of capping agent (surfactant) used. The characterization of the synthesized nano particle has been carried out by different technique like UV-vis, X-ray differaction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. UV-vis and FT-IR confirms the reduction of IrCl3 into IrO2 while XRD confirms the amorphous nature of the iridium nanoparticles synthesized. The morphology and size of the particle was confirmed by SEM & TEM. The average particle size determined by Scherror equation was about 4.12 nm to 4.23 nm with PVP, 2.74 to 3.36 nm with PVA and 20.41 to 42.25nm with POLE under same experimental condition. Poly oxy lauryl ether particles were not further analyse because it’s size is very large in comparison to PVA, PVP. Further particle size was confirmed with TEM, which was 4.5 nm with PVP, and 7.0 nm with PVA. The particles are spherical with no agglomeration tendency. PP-20: Explorations of facultative marine fungus aspergillus flavus for green synthesis

of silver nanoparticles

Anjana K. Vala* and Rajesh Patel Department of Physics, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India

[email protected] Nanomaterials have been an area of immense interest due to their application potentialities in various fields. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is very promising and eco friendly. Attempts have been made for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, however, marine microorganisms are less explored despite their unique traits. This study was carried out with a view to explore the potential of facultative marine fungus Aspergillus flavus for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. When challenged with different concentrations of silver nitrate, the test fungus synthesized silver nanoparticles intracellularly, as revealed by visual inspection, UV spectrophotometry, XRD and TEM analyses.

PP-21: Status of water quality of Haridwar district

Anju Bhatnagar and Radhey Shyam

Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. P. G. College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India anju_bhatnagar_2007@ yahoo.com, [email protected]

Uttarakhand is one of recently formed state in India. The state has 92 % of area under hilly terrain and rest in the planes. Haridwar emerges as a place where huge possibility of industrialization and urbanization occurs. The growth of industries and human density increases day by day and its impact are also seen on environment of

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surrounding region. The study reveals that the drinking water quality is one of factor which affected so much. Various parameter including physico-chemical parameter like temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity which indicates the quality of water have been determined by using respective instrumental methods. Total solid and total dissolved solids etc. were determined using standard gravimetric methods. The chemical parameter which includes total hardness, inorganic ions, alkalinity, chloride, sulphates have been determined using standard procedures. The inorganic ions are SO4, Cl, NO3, PO4, HCO3, Ca, Na, Mg, K content of water was determined. Chemical oxygen demand which is parameter of organic constituents in water samples were determined by open reflux method. s95% of total cations are Ca and Mg together while 69% of total anions is bicarbonate followed by SO4 (15%). The study result shows that water is slightly basic in nature with a pH value is 7.8. The electrical conductivity is in the range of 158 µl/cm to1240 µl/cm. All ions were compared with BIS standard of drinking water quality in order to ascertain it suitability for drinking water. PP-22: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of novel dicationic triazoles

as potent anti-malarial agents using multivariate statistical approach

Ankita Agarwal*, Ruchi Mishra and Sarvesh Paliwal Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] The QSAR study was conducted on 60- dicationic 1, 4-Diphenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles with anti- malarial activity using multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The statistical values from both the techniques were analyzed and compared to establish the good predictability of the models obtained. The MLR and PLS generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, r, r2, r2

cv, r2 (test set) and F and S values, were 0.936, 0.876, 0.844, 0.878 and 69.336, 0.293, respectively, for MLR

and r2, r2cv, r2 (test set) and statistical significance value were 0.863, 0.816, 0.841 and 0.991, respectively, for

PLS, were satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate that the steric descriptor (Verloop B2 and B5 parameters), electronic descriptor (bond dipole moment) and number of hydrogen bond donors play an important role in determining the anti-malarial activity of the compounds

PP-23: Importance of Green Computing in the Field Of Telecommunication

Nidhi Puri, Anubha Chauhan and Prerna Puri Department Of Computer Science, G. B. Pant Engg. College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Green Computing or “Green IT” refers to environmentally computing. Green Computing includes the implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs), servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption.The field of "Green Technology” encompasses a broad range of subjects — from new energy-generation techniques to the study of advanced materials to be used in our daily life.Green technology focuses on reducing the environmental impact of industrial processes and innovative technologies caused by the Earth’s growing population.Mainly this means creating fully recyclable products, reducing pollution, proposing alternative technologies in various fields, and creating a center of economic activity around technologies that benefit the environment. Now in paper, we have applied concept of green computing in the field of Telecommunication.The telecommunications industry was one of the first to adopt data mining technology.Telecommunications companies also generate and store an extensive amount of data related to the operation of their networks.Numerous data mining applications have been deployed in the telecommunications industry. However, most applications fall into one of the following three categories: marketing, fraud detection, and network fault isolation and prediction. PP-24: Application of Mn(II) Catalysed Periodate Oxidation of o-anisidine -Microgram

determination of o-anisidine

Anuj Kumar, Purnima Sundriyal and Manmeet Kaur Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and

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spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-anisidine in the range 2.463–924.8565 µg/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-25: Adverse Health Effects of Low Frequency Radiation Emitted by CRT TV/ PC Screen on Human Blood Tissues

Anuj Tyagi1*, Vijay Kumar1 and P. P. Pathak2

1Department of Physics, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The interaction of electric and magnetic fields with biological matter has been studied by scientific community about last three decades. Penetration of low frequency electric field emitted by CRT TV/ PC screen into human blood was studied. The radiation of CRT TV/ PC screens are expanded in the atmosphere surrounding us in our home and penetrated into the human body, where field was reduced exponentially with depth. As the reduction in the field was due to the absorption of energy of low frequency electric field, penetrated electric field and current density of different layers of blood was calculated and compared with the permissible limit given by International Commission of Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and World Health Organization (WHO). When a biological body is exposed to low frequency EMF, it’s penetrated inside the body. The CRT TV/PC screens are radiated electromagnetic waves of frequencies of five ranges as (10-3066) Hz, (10-54) Hz, (54-606) Hz, (606-3066) Hz and 120Hz. study of this work results that watching of TV at 50 cm distance is more dangerous than 250 cm distance. It was found that electric field emitted by CRT TV/PC screen at some specific distance and heights are harmful for the life of tissues of different layers of blood.

PP-26: E-waste management: a global need

Archana Gokhale1* and Dharamveer Sharma2

1Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India 2Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

[email protected], [email protected] “Electronic waste” in general may be defined as all the discarded electronic machines, computers, office electronic equipments, electronic entertainment devices, mobile phones, microwave ovens, television sets, air conditioners, refrigerators, electronic toys, VCRs, stereos, fax machines, electric lamps, batteries etc. E-wastes are considered highly dangerous, as certain components of some electronic products contain materials such as heavy metals and non biodegradable materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and environment. Discarded electronic items if not disposed properly can leach lead, cadmium, mercury and other substances into soil and ground water resulting in soil air and water pollution. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. Over the years, E-waste has emerged as a global problem due to the problems of its high speed of accumulation and slow rate of disposal. The rapid advancement in the electronic devices and their low initial cost leads to the ever accumulation of e-waste resulting in ever growing environment problem due to threat to eco system. The problem has attained serious levels in the developing countries like india as developing countries have become a favorite destination for developed countries for the disposal and dumping of their hazardous e-waste in a easier manner in comparison to their own countries. Further the open disposal and unsafe recycling of the electronic items in the unorganized sector has increased the negative effect of electronic pollution at an alarming levels. At the same time the harmful effect of electronic waste pose a serious threat to the human health in the form of various ailments and diseases. Electronic waste, or e-waste, is an emerging problem given the volume of e-waste being generated and the content of toxic and hazardous materials in them. The Basel Convention has identified e-waste as hazardous, and developed a framework for controls on trans-boundary movement of such waste. The Basel Ban, an amendment to the Basel Convention that has not yet come into force, would go one step further by prohibiting the export of e-waste from developed to industrializing countries. This paper highlights the global e-waste problem and how it could be managed or reduced by means of proper recycling, reusing and disposal.

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PP-27: Green computing: an environment friendly approach toward computing

Archana Gokhale1* and Dharamveer Sharma2

1Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India 2Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India

[email protected], [email protected]

The 21st century is the century of IT revolution, advanced computers, and other electronic items. Due to rapid technological advancements, excessive dependence and tremendous use of electronic items; carbon emission, global warming, climate change and saving our environment and ecology have become hot issues. Public as well as private sectors and societies have a new important agenda of tackling environment issues and adopting environment friendly practices in the sector of computing as well. What we realize is that computer is for faster analysis, speeder calculation, medium to use the wealth of the knowledge of the internet, the instantaneous communication, the sophisticated tools that help us work and create and share and to solve more and more complex problem. At the same time computers also contribute environment problems which most of us don’t realize. To reduce computer’s environmental problems and to create a sustainable environment we need to move towards Green Computing. We are legally, ethically and socially required to save our environment and ecology and move towards green computing. The progress in the field of computer hardware has been achieved tremendously but looking at the green perspective, work has rarely begun. In reality development of green computing started lately. Green computing or Green IT means environmentally sustainable computing. It is also defined as the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers and associated subsystems such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. Green Computing or Green IT benefits the environment by improving energy efficiency, lowering green house gas emissions using less harmful materials and encouraging reuse and recycling of the various components of electronic waste. The goals of green computing are to reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and electronic waste. This paper highlights the impact of green computing on our environment. Further how the fast pace of IT Revolution has created several serious environmental issues which needs to be solved with help of green approach towards the computing. PP-28: Emblica officinalis (Amla): Physico-Chemical and fatty acid analysis from arid

zone of Rajasthan

Arun Arora, Indresh Kumar and Jitendra Singh Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Emblica officinalis (Amla) is widely used in the Indian system of medicine and believed to increase defense against diseases. The physico-chemical analysis and fatty acid compositions of Emblica officinalis (EO) seed oil obtained from arid zone of Rajasthan, which has important medicinal uses. Studied plant was described in details for various features and their identities were confirmed. Ethno botanical uses were recorded by interacting with locals. The fatty acid profile of seeds was analysed from the arid zone of Rajasthan. The seeds yield a fixed oil (18%) which is brownish-yellow in colour. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of Emblica officinalis were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The fatty acid composition found is linolenic (11.8%), linoleic (51.0%), oleic (26.4%), stearic (3.1%), palmitic (2.3%) and myristic (3.6%).

PP-29: Removal of Victoria Blue B from aqueous solution

Arun Kant and Monika Datta*

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India [email protected], [email protected]

In the present work local sand sample from Varanasi was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue B (Basic Blue-26) from aqueous solution. This dye acts as a source of pollutant and exerts hazardous effects on natural resources and human beings. The removal of this dye from aqueous solution was studied onto the sand sample as a function of-pH of the dye solution contact time initial dye concentration, and amount of adsorbent The characterization of both natural and washed sand sample was performed by XRD, TGA, and FTIR techniques. Complete removal of the dye from the aqueous solution was found to occur at lower concentrations.

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It was found that the percentage dye adsorption increases with increase in the amount of the adsorbent. The results demonstrate that untreated sand sample act as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Victoria Blue B Dye.

PP-30: Future of green computing & hazards management in India

Sandip Vijay1, Arun Kumar2, Krishna Kumar3 and Rachna Shah4 1DIT Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

2DCET, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India 3Motilal Nehru NIT Allahabad, U.P., India

4NIT Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected], [email protected]

Green computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing. In the article Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines the field of green computing as the Study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems — efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy Star, a voluntary labelling program that is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics. The term "green computing" was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began; there are several USENET posts dating back to 1992 that use the term in this manner. Concurrently, the Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical emissions from CRT-based computer displays; this program was later expanded to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in construction. PP-31: Protection and maintenance of red –hot in extra high voltage system and impact

on eco-system

R. K. Dawre1 and Aruna Rani2 1Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd.

2Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

In the practical yard of 132/220/400 KVA substation. Where The clamps, take-off assembly, LT and HT Bushing bus bar and concerning point are designed at 765KV. The red hot occur due to temperature enhancement due to variation in flow of current in extra high voltage transmission line. The protection and maintenance of red-hot becomes easier by installing the Thermo-vision cameras in switch yard at various locations. If temperature exceeds the proposed system will give an alarm the location will be allocated and shut down will be taken immediately.

PP-32: Latest concept of anti-fog disc in extra high voltage transmission line

R.K. Dawre1 and Aruna Rani2 1Power Transmission of Uttarakhand Ltd., Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Computer Sc. And Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, India [email protected], [email protected]

Transmission grid is connected in state to state via transmission lines. During fog the conducting area becomes wider due to which the standard distance between phase to phase decreases .It causes line tripping and grid failure. The anti fog disc insulator is capable to protect the transmission lines from moisture occurred due to fog and rain. The electric Systems are always eco friendly and helps in protecting earth in various ways.

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PP-33: In vitro seed germination studies inQuercus serrata Thunb.: An important central Himalayan tasar oak

Aseesh Pandey* and Sushma Tamta

Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal campus, Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Oaks are essentially propagated through seed, but natural regeneration through seed is poor. Seeds of Quercus species are not remain viable for long time and they are very difficult to store because of seed born disease and wood boring insects are major threat for these species in natural regeneration. Quercus serratais a deciduous treebelongs to family Fagaceae and known for its leaves which are used in silk worm rearing in tasar silk production. This study was conducted to find out the effective way to improve germination rate. Among employed experiments; stratification, scarification, effect of light conditions, effect of media and effect of PGRs forin vitro seed germination enhancement. It was found that seeds in WP media containing BAP + IAA, in yellow PAR lights showed significantly improved results in all parameters recorded like less germination time, percent seed germination and no. of shoots/seed.

PP-34: In-situ incorporation of Sugar Industry Raw material Waste and impact on

Physical and manurial value of soil environment

Ashutosh Mishra1, M. P. Sharma2, M. Z. Khan1 and Archana Trivedi3

2 Indian Institute Of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, U.P.,India India 3Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P., India

[email protected] Sugarcane trash (dried leaves of cane) a waste product of sugar industry raw material left over in the field after harvest, is a potential source of organic matter. At a minimum level of assessment, it is capable of adding 14 kg N, 63 kg P2O5 and 32 kg K2O per hectare. Normally, this precious material is burnt in the field to facilitate subsequent cultural operations in a succeeding ratoon crop. There is a need to change this evil practice. Researches have proved that chopped trash is decomposed quickly, if buried / mixed in soil, simultaneously with the use of certain amendments/ fungal culture. It ultimately leads to the formation of a highly colloidal, very slow degradable compound known as humus. Formation of this compound is capable of improving the physical and chemical properties of soil Present study was conducted as a possible alternative method for the current practice of open air burning of post harvest sugarcane residue and their by polluting the environment. A residue incorporate mechanical device was developed, which chops trash into 1 to 2 cm long bits. Eight tone of trash per hectare was incorporated into soil with two doses of N (75kg and 150 kg), and aztobacter (104 No) Soil sample were draws periodically at 0 (before giving treatment), 90,180,270,360 days of incubation. Trash with 8 t/ha with aztobactor and N 75kg/ha gives significantly improved the physical properties of soil.

PP-35: Synthesis and spectral studies of mn(ii) complexes with a new azamacrocyclic ligand

Sulekh Chandra1*, Deepali Jain2, Anupma1, Garima Pandey3 and Ashutosh Singh3

1Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India 2Department of Chemistry, D. N. College, Meerut, U. P., India

3Department of Science and Humanities, SRM University, NCR, Ghaziabad, U. P., India [email protected], [email protected]

The complexes of Mn(II) ) were synthesized with the new aza-macrocyclic ligand. The ligand [ LC: 1,5,8,12-tetraaza-2,3,4,9,10,11-hexamethyl-6(7),13(14)-di(bromopyridine) ]was prepared by the reaction of 3-methyl-2,4-pentadione and 5-bromo-2,6diamino-pyridine. All the complexes have been found to have general composition [M(L)X2] [where M = Mn(II) and X = Cl-,& NO-

3, ]. All the complexes are characterized by the conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, I.R,EPR and electronic spectral studies. An octahedral geometry was assigned for Mn(II) complexes . The biological actions of the ligand and complexes have been screened in vitro against different pathogenic fungi and several bacteria to study their comparative capacity to inhibit the growth.

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PP-36: Toxicity studies of Albizia lebbek (l.) Benth for the estimation of haematological parameters

Ashwani K Jangra1*, Neetu A Jangra2, Peeush Singhal1 and Kapil K Goel1

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2GVM College of pharmacy, Sonipat, Haryana, India

[email protected]

Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth is belong to the family leguminosae. Extraction of dried stem stem bark was done with soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, alcohol, chloroform solvent. Extracts were evalualated for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. Various parametes such as motor reflex, behavioural pattern, lethality, haematological, body weight and food intake were observed. For acute toxicity study healthy swiss albino mice of either sex (n=6, 3 females and 3 males), weighing 20-25 g, divided in each group, were fasted for 18 hrs overnight were used for the study. The mice were administered the sample extract orally in increasing dose of 250, 500, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. Then the animals were continuously observed for 2hrs for any gross behavioral, neurological or autonomic toxic effects and for any lethality after 24 to 72hrs. Various haematological parameters such as Bleeding time (min), Clotting time (sec), Total WBC/mm3, Total RBC/mm2, and Haemoglobin (mg/dl) were estimated on 15th day of the experiment.

PP-37: Modulation of synthetic parameters of Zinc nanoparticles

Avdhesh Kumar and Sulekh Chandra* Department of Chemistry, Zakir Husain College ,University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Benzildiethylenetriamine was used as a reducing agent to prepare Zn nanostructures. Benzildiethylenetriamine was prepared by mixing the ethanolic solution of diethylenetriamine and benzil. The reducing agent was characterized by using CHNS analysis, IR, NMR and Mass spectral studies. These studies focus on the modulation of synthetic parameters in order to influence the size, structure, composition and arrangement of nanoparticles of Zinc. Zinc nanoparticles were synthesized by refluxing ethanolic solution of benzildiethylenetriamine and Zinc nitrate at 80 oC with constant stirring. The morphology and structure of the synthesized nanoparticles of zinc were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive spectrum analysis (EDS), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The results show that nanoparticles of zinc are of high purity and 20 nm in size. The scheme for preparation shall be discussed in detail.

PP-38: A simple and effective method of the synthesis of nanosized CuO particles

Avnish Kumar Arora and Pankaj Kumar Department of chemistry, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India

[email protected]

Nanosized metal oxide namely copper oxide has been synthesized by precipitation method and characterized by using XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and Magnetic Measurements techniques. XRD studies show that copper oxide was formed as CuO and it has monoclinic structure. Magnetic measurements showed copper oxide has one unpaired electron and is paramagnetic in nature. The particle size of the synthesized copper oxide was determined by TEM. TEM images show that the size of particles of CuO varied from 12nm to 35nm which is in good agreement of the theoretically predicted size of nanomaterials. This method is convenient, easy and effective in comparison to the known methods of the synthesis of nanomaterials like thermal decomposition of precursors, co-implantation of metal and oxygen ions and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis.

PP-39: Qualitative and Quantitative Terpenoid Diversity in Himalayan Salvia species

B. S. Bisht1* and K. K. Pandey2

1Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 2Deparment of Biotechnology, Govt. M. B. P. G. College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The genus Salvia (Lamiaceae), is a cosmopolitan assemblage of nearly 1,000 species showing a remarkable diversity in growth forms, secondary compounds, floral morphology and pollination biology. “Salvia

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phenomenon” is one of the best known and well-studied examples of allopathy. Salvia is a large genus of aromatic and ornamental herbs and shrubs distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. Twenty-four species have been reported in India with great variation in their habitat and color of flowers. The essential oil of Salvia species has been noticed as good inhibitor for the corrosion of steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with both the concentration of inhibitor and the temperature. These natural oils act on steel surface as anodic inhibitor. It shows the green inhibition effect towards the corrosion of steel. The corrosion rate of steel is decreased in the presence of natural oil. The fresh aerial parts of Salvia leucantha Cav. and Salvia hians Royle ex. Benth Were collected from Chopta (3000m), Rudraprayag and Salvia lanata Roxb. and Salvia coccinea L. were collected from Nainital (2000m). The plant specimens were identified at BSI, Dehradun and voucher specimen has been deposited in the Phytochemistry lab, Chemistry department, Kumaun University Nainital. The plant material (2 kg each) was subjected to steam distillation. The distillates were extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane. The organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was distilled off. The major compounds were isolated by fractionation of the essential oil on silica gel CC (230-400 mesh, Merck, 600 × 25 cm column). The GC and GC-MS screening of the extract from the aerial parts of Salvia species alltogether showed over 80 constituents, of which 44 constituents were identified on the basis of their GC retention index, MS data and 1HNMR constituting 91.2% of S. leucantha, 93.1% of S. lanata, 91.5% of S. hians and 95.7% of S. coccinea. The oil of S. leucantha Cav. was marked by dominant presence of sesquiterpenoids (54.3%), the major sesquiterpene as spathulenol. Monoterpenoids constituted 36.9% of the oil with bornyl acetate as the single major compound. On the other hand S. lanata and S. hians were also characterized by the dominant pressence of sesquiterpenoids which showed significant variation in their sesquiterpenoid content in comparison with other Salvia species which have been investigated in the present study. The oil of S. lanata and S. hians was dominated by the presence of germacrene-D but the other terpenoid constituents showed qualitative as well as quantitative diversity in their presence. S. coccinea was characterized by the dominant presence of 1,8-cineole (28.4%) while it was not found in S. leucantha and S. lanata even in traces. The monoterpenoids constituted 60.5% of the total oil of S. coccinea and 36.9% of the oil of S. leucantha which was amounting only 6.1% of the oil of S. hians and 4.5% of the total oil of S. lanata. The major compounds were isolated and identified on the basis of its MS and 1HNMR data.

PP-40: Analysis of Heavy Metals Contents accumulated in Seed Oil of Plant Datura Alba of Arid Zone

R.S.Sindal, Arun Arora*, Beena Aswani and Sushama Khemnani

Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

The objective of the study is analysis of the heavy metal concentration in seed oil of datura and adverse effects of heavy metals on plants from arid resources. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, and are present in varying concentrations in all ecosystems. There are a huge number of heavy metals. They are found in elemental form and in a variety of other chemical compounds. The main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals are various industrial processes, mining, foundries, and smelters, combustion of fossil fuel and gasoline, and waste incinerators. Datura plant is selected for study is a medicinal plant. Fatty acid analysis was done. Methyl linoleate was found in highest concentration (16.22%) among the identified analytes of interest. In addition methyl esters of Palmitic acid (6.59%), Oleic acid (5.41%) and Stearic acid (1.35%) were found. An atomic absorption spectroscopic method has been used for the determination of concentration of metals (Cd ,Zn, Fe, Ni and Pb) in seed oil sample of datura alba after open vessel digestion found near contaminated region. The concentrations of metals Cd (42.65µg/L), Fe (21.53µg/L), Pb (28.05µg/L), Zn (17.24µg/L) and Ni (1.05µg/L) were observed. The presence of trace metals such as Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn are known to have adverse effects on the growth of plants and human health. PP-41: Hydro power potential and environmental impacts assessment: A case study on

small hydropower project from Himachal Pradesh, India

Bhanu Pratap1* and V. Jeeva2 1Centre of Glaciology, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, India

2Environment Management Division, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, India [email protected]

The hydro-electric power potential in Himachal Pradesh is estimated at 20,386 MW, which is 24.27% of India’s total potential. Of this, 6,045 MW (29.65%) has been harnessed so far, 2720.5 MW (13.34%) is under

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execution. Techno-economic feasibility studies are complete for 3,011 MW and in the process of completion for 3,671.5 MW. The Satluj basin is targeted for heaviest exploitation with 9420 MW projects spread over 37 locations. Beas basin comes next with 4,582 MW, spread over 26 locations. Ravi and Chenab basins account for 5042MW spread over 46 locations together. Yamuna basin straddles two states (Himachal and Uttaranchal) and accounts for 591.5MW spread over 12 locations. Out of 115 projects, 23.5% (27) are large (over 200 MW), 37.4% (43) are medium sized (50-200MW), and 45 are of under 50MW capacity. Satluj, Beas and Ravi basins account for 72.17% medium and large projects. The hydropower under Clean Development Mechnaism is gaining importnace and accordingly the hydropower policies are defined in state where there is potentail. The small hydro power projects in High Mountain have positive impact in terms of generation of power to meet the state grid or the local or private and also in emission reduction under CDM. However, needs clear policy issues related Physical, Biological and social Environment. The study carried out in Marhi mini hydro power project in manali, Rohtang pass, (Himachal Pradesh), for the generation of 5 MW and its impact on various environment clearly calls for incorporation of conservation of environmental condition keeping in view the snowline depletion and melt water distribution over the catchment in high Himalayas.

PP-42: Influence of Walnut leaf extracts on seed germination and seedling vigour of Ricebean (vigna umbellata) under mid hills of Uttarakhand

Birendra Prasad*, Abhishek Bahuguna and Sandhya Bahuguna

College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Influence of seed germination and seedling vigour of ricebean (Vigna umbellata.) variety (cv. PRR 1) recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvisystem assessed by Walnut leaf extracts concentrations. Seven treatments comprised of distilled water (Control =0%), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. 100 seeds of each treatment were placed separately in pre-sterilized petri-dishes with two fold filter paper at the bottom. The experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. 12 ml distilled water each of control and seven concentration of leaf extracts were added in each Petri-dish on first day and 5 ml later or as and when required. The observations were recorded on 8th day. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive indicating a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling vigour parameters. Invariably there was a decrease in germination at first count and final count, length of root, shoot and seedling, seedling fresh and dry weight, vigour index (I and II) and relative growth index (RGI) with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating Ricebean. It was found that seed germination and seedling vigour were influenced negatively by walnut leaf extracts in concentration dependent manner and maximum value were obtained for control and minimum for 120% treatment. Result depicted that germination percent varied from (90.33 to 96.00 %), root length (3.34 to 5.09 cm), shoot length (1.53 to 4.82 cm), fresh weight (1.64 to 2.60 g), dry weight (0.62 to 0.96 g), vigour index I (441.21 to 893.43 %) and vigour index II (55.70 to 92.16 %) having considerable variation. It is might be due to walnut (Juglans regia L.) have phytotoxic effects on certain plants and toxic principle of leaf extract is Juglone (5-OH-1, 4 naphthoquinone), an allelo-chemicals which is present in leaves, hulls and inner root bark. PP-43: Molecular Interaction Study of Galactose + DMF-H 2O+NaCl System at 298, 308

and 318 K

Rita Mehra* and Brij Bihari Malav Acoustic and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India [email protected], [email protected]

Thermophysical properties are useful for characterization of molecular interactions and to understand the effect of temperature and salt on the interactions of galactose in mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-H2O+NaCl. Physical properties density (ρ), viscosity (η), sound speed (u) and refractive index (nD) at varying concentrations of galactose from m= 0.0105-0.1045 at different temperature have been determined using precalibratedbicapillarypycnometer, Ostwald’s viscometer, Abbe’s refractometer and single frequency ultrasonic interferometer at 2 MHz frequency respectively. The derived parameters like adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), absorption coefficient (α/f2),apparent molal volume (φv), free volume (Vf), intermolecular free length (Lf), acoustical relaxation time (τ ), Gibbs free energy (∆G), internal

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pressure (πi), Rao’s constant (Rm), Wada’s constant (W) and molar refractivity (RD) have been determined from experimental data. All the measurements have been carried out in a thermostatically controlled water bath with circulating medium having accuracy of ±0.1ºCl. PP-44: Phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants

Charu C. Pant*, A. B. Melkani and Lalit Mohan

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The genus Teucrium and Aechmenthara are widely distributed in Uttarakhand. About Three species of Teucrium and only one species of genus Aechmenthara have been reported to grow in Uttarakhand. The fresh whole Arial part of Teucrium quardrifarium Buch-Hum and Aechmenthara gossypina (Wall) ex. Nees on steam distillation gave 0.7g and 0.95g of oil respectively (yield0.07% and 0.08% by weight). The oil samples were analyzed by GC and GC-MS under identical experimental parameter. The various constituent of the oil were identified on the basis of there RI value and by comparison of there mass spectra. The main constituent of T. quardrifarium were identified β- caryophyllene (38.3%) , germacrene D (9.4%) , α- humulene (5.9%) , 1- octane-3-ol (0.7%) and linalool (1.5%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 14.4%, monoterpenoids 2.3%, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 77.6% and oxygenated sesquiterpene constituent 4.3% of the oil. Similarly the main constituent of the essential oil A. gossipina β - caryophyllene is (9.5%), germacrene –D (9.9%), kesene (8.3%), guaiol (30.0%), α-muurolal (10.5%) and α- guaiene (4.5%). The oil was found rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 55.7%, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 30.1% , and oxygenated monoterpene 2.6%, Both oil shows significant antimicrobial activity against Bacterial and fungal pathogen.

PP-45: Antibacterial activity of volatiles of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and Cinnamomum glanduliferum against animal and plant pathogens

Charu Singh* and Chitra Pande

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The essential oil composition of Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P. Wilson syn. Apium leptophyllum(Pers.) F. Muell. Ex Benth., family Apiaceae (Umbellifereae) and Cinnamomum glanduliferum Meissn. family Lauraceae was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods (MIC). The oil of C. leptophyllum was dominated by monoterpenes, which account for 89.4% of the oil. The study indicates the presence of high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (78.7%) of which the main constituents were thymohydroquinon dimethyl ether (62.0 %), thymol methyl ether (9.2 %) and carvacrol methyl ether (7.5 %). The oil of C. glanduliferum shows the presence of 1, 8-cineole (41.42%), α-pinene (20.28%), α-terpineol (9.4%), germacrene D-4-ol (6.1%) and α-thujene (5.10%) as major constituents. The oils were evaluated for antibacterial activity against two Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia herbicola, Aeromonas salmonicida and Escherchia coli). Cyclospermum oil showed maximum activity against E. herbicola followed by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus while Cinnamomum oil showed considerable activity against A. salmoniuda followed by P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

PP-46: Biodegradable Polymers from Microbes

Charu Gupta1*, Dhan Prakash1, Amar P. Garg2, Sudha Goyal3 and Sneh Gupta4 1Amity Institute for Herbal Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India

2Department of Microbiology, C. C. S University campus, Meerut, U.P., India 3Department of Chemistry, 4Department of Zoology, R.G.P.G. College, Meerut, U.P., India

[email protected] Biodegradable polymers have significant potential in biotechnology and bioengineering. Polymers derived from the microbial sources include polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA). The biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater. Its characteristics are similar to those of the petroplastic polypropylene. It produces transparent film at a melting point higher than 130°C and is biodegradable without residue. PHAs are accumulated as intracellular inclusion

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in some bacteria under un-favourable growth condition such as limitation of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or magnesium in the presence of excess supply of carbon source. Examples of some biopolymers accumulating bacteria are Azotobacter eutrophus, A. latus and mutant strain of Azotobacter vinelandii. The material properties exhibited by PHAs, ranging from stiff, brittle to rubber-like makes it a close substitute for the synthetic plastic. Poly-hydroxyalkanoates are produced completely by microbial fermentation whereas poly-lactic acid is partially synthesized. The monomer, lactic acid, is produced by microbial fermentation and then polymerized using chemical catalysis. Natural polymers can be completely degraded by the microorganisms and degradation involves enzymatic scission of the polymer chain. However, the high cost of PHAs production has restricted its applications. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is another 100% compostable biopolymer which can fully degrade above 60°C in an industrial composting facility. PLA is used in biomedical applications such as implants, sutures, drug delivery, tissue engineering and stent development due to its biocompatibility properties. Besides this, nylon eating bacteria, Flavobacteria and Pseudomonas, possess enzymes (nylonase) capable of breaking down nylon. Chitin, a linear aminoacetyl glucan, present in the shell of crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and insect cuticle. The materials are biocompatible, and have antimicrobial activity as well as the ability to absorb heavy metal ions. Because of their water-retaining and moisturizing ability they also find applications in the cosmetic industry.

PP-47: Investigations of Radon Exhalation Rates, Environmental Radioactivity and Radiation Exposure from Indian Commercial Granites

Meena Mishra1, R. G. Sonkawade2, Rajendra Prasad3, S. A. H. Naqvi4 and V. K. Rastogi1

1Department of Physics, C. C. S. University, Meerut, U.P., India 2Inter- University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India 3Vivekananda College of Technology and Management, Aligarh, U. P., India

4Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U. P., India. [email protected]

Building materials may be the possible serious source of radiation exposure if they contain large amount of naturally occurring or man made radionuclides [1-4]. Several varieties of granites are produced and used as building material in India.The natural radioactivity present in rocks having high radiation levels are associated with granites. Studies of radon exhalation from building material, is important for the estimation of public exposure as people spend most of their time indoors (80%). In the present study measurements of radon exhalation rates for granite samples used as construction material were carried out through sealed CAN technique using LR-115 type II detectors. Higher and wide variation in radon exhalation rates are found in the samples. Radon activity is found to vary from 380.00 to 4258.57 Bq m-3 with an average value of 1316.23 Bq m-

3 , whereas radon exhalation rate varies from 227.44 to 2548.81m Bq m-2 h-1 with an average value of 854.71 m Bq m-2 h-1. The variation can be correlated with the color of the granites. Effective dose equivalent, estimated from exhalation rate varies from 26.82 to 300.56 µSv y-1 with an average value of 100.79 µSv y-1. From the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the granite samples, Radium equivalent activity (Raeq) due to the presence of radionuclides varies from 34.64 to 1144.84 Bq kg-1 with an average value of 278.91 Bq kg-1. Total absorbed gamma dose rates varies from 6 to 535.61 nGyh-1 with an average value of 132.33 nGy h-1. Indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rate from these granite samples vary from 0.08 to 2.63 mSv y-1 and 0.02 to 0.66 mSv y-1 , respectively. External hazard index, Hex for the granite samples studied in this work ranges from 0.09 to 3.16 with a mean value of 0.77. Computed values of Hin vary from 0.15 to 4.76 with an average value of 0. 99. The results will be reported and discussed in full paper.

PP-48: An efficient synthesis of bio active Azetidinones and Thiazolidinones of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-ol

Ravindra Kumar1*, Abha Shukla1 and D.S.Tyagi2

1Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Chemistry, L. R. P. G. College, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, U.P., India

[email protected]

A series of Azetidinone; 3-chloro-1-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-4-aryl azetidin-2-one (3a-e) and thiazolidinones; 3-{4-[8-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-2-yl]phenyl}-2-aryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (4a-e) were synthesized using new schiff base; 2-(6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2-{4-[(E)-(arylmethylidene)amino]phenyl}-2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-8-yl)-5-methyl phenol (2a-e). The schiff

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base were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 2-[2-(4-aminophenyl)-6,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-2,4,5,11,12-pentaazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-1(9), 3(7), 5,10-tetraen-8-yl]-5-methyl phenol (1) under microwave and conventional methods. Our results shows that the synthesis of schiff base under solvent free microwave conditions the most efficient method of synthesis having highest yield then both conventional method and microwave with solvent. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of different spectroscopic (IR, 1HNMR, Mass) and elemental (CHN) analysis techniques. Compounds (3a-e and 4a-e) were screened for their biological activities against the panel of nine bacterial strains.

PP-49: Heavy Metal Transfer in Different Vegetables among Agricultural Field

Shalini Singh*, Geeta Tewari and Charu Singh

Department of Chemistry, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Monitoring heavy metals in vegetables is one of the most frequently used methods for determining environmental pollution. Composite soil sample and seven vegetables were collected from agricultural field of Rudrapur. Soil physicochemical properties including percentage organic carbon, organic matter, pH, EC, CEC, soil texture, total metal zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd) content and total metal content in vegetable samples were determined. The investigation indicated that the heavy metals concentrations were higher in soil as compared to vegetable samples. For the tested soil, transfer factor was highest for copper. The transfer factor of Zn was highest in Bitter guard while of copper in Raddish. The metal concentrations in all vegetables were within the safe limits.

PP-50: Phytoremediation of tracable heavy metals from Nainital lake water

D.S. Malik and Umesh Bharti Department of Zoology and Environmental Science Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Nainital lake, a very prominent natural water body situated in high altitude 1937 msl along with 1.4 km length, width 0.45 km, average depth 18.7 meter and 48.0 hectare surface area. Nanital lake received a lot of domestic and liquid waste from different residential settlement and tourist hotels. These waste materials directly drained in lake water and significantly contributed to change the trophic status of Nainital lake. The lake water has different heavy metals occurred in tracable quantity. The heavy metal removal from water has been approached by using aquatic macrophytes known as Phytoremediation. The present study has conducted to examine the heavy metals absorbance by aquatic plants (Lemna minor, Azolla pinnata and Eichhornia crassipes) under laboratory conditions. The samples of surface water of Nanital lake were collected in summer season during 2010-11. The experiments on phytoremediation were conducted in laboratory conditions and calculated the absorption efficiencies. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in lake surface waters varied in the range of 0.35-2.54, 4.8-11.2, 13.2-157.4, 0.9-3.2 and 4.0-26.1 µg/l respectively. In phytoremediation processes, the absorption efficiency of Lemna and Azolla aquatic plants were recorded in range from 50.12 to 70.04 % with in 10, 15 and 20 days of experiments in laboratory. The absorption efficiency of heavy metal from waste water by Azolla was found better than Eichhornia and Lemna. In the phytoremediation process, the aquatic submerged macrophytes are more sensitive for persistent toxic metals occurring in the lake ecosystem and therefore, significantly contributed to absorbed large quantity of existed heavy metals in water body and played pivotal roles as good bio-indicators of toxic dangers in lake ecosystem.

PP-51: Terpenoid diversity in Himalayan Thalictrum reniforme wall

Darshan Singh and Vinod Kumar Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry

Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae) is a genus of 120 species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants.all Thalictrum species have nectarless and apetalous flowers. Flowers have numerous stamens that are sometimes the most conspicuous part of the flower. So far, three aporphine N-oxides have been isolated from the Ranunculaceae. Alkaloids of the isoquinoline group, have been reported from this genus and a large number have biological activity e.g. hypotensive, antimicrobial and antitumor properties. So far there is no report on chemical composition of volatile extract of Thalictrum reniforme.

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Plant materials were collected from Ghanghariya (district Chamoli), Chopta (district Rudraprayag) and Drona village (district Chamoli), identified in Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun (BSI Acc. No. 113551). The fresh plant materials of different places were subjected to steam distillation separately using a copper electric still, fitted with spiral glass condensers. The distillates were saturated with NaCl and extracted with n-hexane and dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and the solvent was distilled off in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 30°C. The volatile extracts were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In volatile extracts of TRg, TRc and TRd we detected more than 45 compounds out of which 24 compounds were identified constituting 89.63 % of TRg, 95.00 % TRc and 94.89 %of TRd the total extract. Major compounds of the volatile extracts were isolated by column chromatography and identified by 1H and 13C-NMR analysis. The major compounds of TRg, TRc and TRd were terpenyl acetate (42.99 %), epi-laurenene (40.29 %) and α-bisabolol (26.12 %) respectively. The other constituents of the volatile extract of TRg were epi-laurenene (14.38 %), aromadendrene (7.69 %) and β-trans-terpeniol (6.37 %). Other constituents of the volatile extract of TRc were α-bisabolol (18.11 %), β-trans-terpeniol (4.66 %) and α-agrofuran (5.97 %). Minor constituents of the volatile extract of TRd laurenene (14.12 %), khusinol (12.43 %) and occidentalol (11.23 %). Volatile extract of Thalictrum reniforme has shown good chemical diversity.

PP-52: Greening across the Chemistry

Deeksha Yajurvedi and Saroj Sharma Depatment of Chemistry, R. G. P. G. College, Meerut, U.P., India

[email protected] Chemistry brought medical revolution till 20th century in which drugs and antibiotics were discovered. The quality of life on earth become much better due to discovery of dyes, plastics, cosmetic and materials. Soon, the ill effects of chemistry become pronounced. Which is caused mainly due to effect of by products of chemical industries being discharged into air, river and land. This marked the beginning of green chemistry by middle of 20th century. Green chemistry or environmental benign chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substance. It is a fundamentally new approach to environmental protection transitioning away from managing toxic chemicals at the end of the life cycle, to reducing or eliminating their use altogether. Green chemistry advocates prevention of waste, designing safer chemicals, maximum incorporation of reactants and minimization of hazardous products. In pharmaceuticals; ibuprofen is active ingredient in many analgesic and inflammatory drugs. New synthesis of ibuprofen with atom economy of 77-99% not only produces less waste, but also the number of steps are also reduced from six to three. As a result, increased profits. Similar examples can be cited from polymer industry to dry cleaning, bleaching and paint industry. Thus green chemistry is the utilization of set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design manufacture and application of chemical products. PP-53: Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin and preparation of floating drug-delivery

system of microspheres with microballoons

Sugandha Varshney1*, Shivanand M.Patil1, Deepak Singh Negi2 and Gahtori Vinod 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology

Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Gurukul Kangadi University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Norfloxacin, a Class IV fluoroquinolone antibiotic is poorly water soluble drug. Dissolution rate is rate limiting factor for in-vivo drug absorption. Thus, an enhancement in dissolution rate is important to attain suitable blood-levels of these drugs. Solubility enhancement of Norfloxacin by Solid Dispersion Method using PEG 400 as carrier to improve its bioavailabilty and better therapeutic profile of drug. Microsphere are small spherical particles, with diameters in the micrometer range (typically 1 µm to 1000 µm (1 mm)). Hollow glass microspheres or microballoons, or glass bubbles have diameters ranging from 10 to 300 micrometers, are used as a light weight filler in composite materials, are light weight, low thermal conductivity, and a resistance to compressive stress. Hollow spheres also have uses ranging from storage and slow release of pharmaceuticals and radioactive tracers to research in controlled storage and release of hydrogen. Thus, the present study deals with Solubility Enhancement of Norfloxacin and Preparation of Microspheres with Microballons of Norfloxacin so as obtain a novel drug delivery system with improved solubility characteristics and to achieve prolonged gastric residence times. Floating drug-delivery system of microspheres with

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microballoons inside from xanthan gum (XG), HPMC K-100 M, gelatin (GA) by a water-in-oil method. Formulations with different ratios of the polymers were prepared. The size distribution, drug-encapsulation efficiency, floating behavior, release characteristics, and morphological properties investigated.

PP-54: In vitro antifungal activity and phytochemical profiling of leaves of calotropis

procera

Singh Negi Deepak*, Goel K. K., Juyal Vijay and Gahtori Vinod Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Calotropis procera commonly known as Madar or Aak, is a shrub widely distributed as a weed in India. The plant is erect, branched and perennial with milky latex. A large quantity of latex can be easily collected from its green parts. Local people use it successfully to combat some cutaneous fungal infections. The abundance of latex containing alkaloids in the green parts of the plant reinforces the idea that it is produced and accumulated as a defence strategy against organisms such as viruses, fungi and insects. Keeping the above facts in view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of different extracts of C. procera leaves on fungi like Aspergillus niger and Coprinus disseminatus as well as to assess the chemical nature of the active components present in the extracts. Methanol extract of the leaves of Calotropis procera showed Coprinus disseminatus colony growth inhibition at very low concentration in comparison to petroleum ether and chloroform extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts was carried out by standard methods. Results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, tannins, and steroids. The results encourage the use of this extract against fungal infestation after testing it in field conditions.

PP-55: A Study on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Supercritical Assisted Synthesized Epoxy Silicon Blend

Deepak Sharma1*, M. G. H. Zaidi1, Devasri Fuloria2, P. L. Sah2 and Vijai Kumar3

1Department of Chemistry, Supercritical Fluid Processing Laboratory, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,

Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India 3Central Institute of Plastic Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, U.P., India

[email protected] Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy have been modified through blending of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (0.1 mol) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at concentration ranging 1.0 to 3.0 parts per hundred of resin at 1400 psi and 90±10C for 1hr in supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by curing with triethylene tetramine (10 phr) at 40±10C.The formation of synthesized epoxy silicone blends (ESBs) has been ascertained through Uv-vis, FT-IR, XRD spectra and scanning electron microscopy. With increasing PDMS concentration, the compressive, and tensile strength, Rockwell hardness (R scale), fringe values and crystallinity of ESBs were decreased with simultaneous increase in their impact strength, resistance against wear and thermal stability. PP-56: To estimate degree of esterification of Pectic substances during fruit ripening in

Diospyros Peregrina

Deepika Chauhan* and P. K. Gupta Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Diospyros peregrina unanimously illustrious as Kalatendu is a moderate sized evergreen tree. It bears dark green foliage & velvety fruits. It is cultured for ornaments. Its fruit is globular berry with a rubbery peel containing 4-8 seeds implanted in a viscid humid pulp. It is yellow when ripe & enclosed with a corroded easily removable untidiness fully ripe fruits have a syrupy sweet taste & are edible. The unripe fruit is acrid, bitter & oleaginous. Diospyros is distributed in the Indian peninsula, extending Northward to Bihar, M.P. & Mumbai, & one of the most characteristic trees of dry, mixed, deciduous forests of these regions. United States is the largest producer, followed by West Germany, Great Britain, Denmark & Switzerland.

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Pectic substances are plenteous, ubiquitous and multifunctional constituent of the cell walls of all land plants. Pectin describes a family of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides that have general features, but are extremely various in their well structures. The study was conceded out to explore and estimate degree of esterification of pectic substances during fruit ripening in Diospyros peregrina.

PP-57: Monitoring health risk assessment of heavy metals in seasonal vegetables

Deepshekha Punetha* and Geeta Tewari Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils may lead to the disorder of soil functionality, retardation in plant growth and influence human health through a contaminated food chain. The present study was undertaken to examine zinc, copper, lead and nickel content in soils and vegetables collected from different agricultural fields in Tarai region of Kumaun Himalaya. Ten surface soil (0-20 cm) and 20 vegetable samples in summer season were collected and analyzed for content of heavy metals. Heavy metal analyses in soil and vegetables samples were performed on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Mean values of three replicates were taken for each determination. Ladyfinger was found to be the best accumulator of all detected metals. The present study indicates that children ingest significant amount of metals as compared to the adult. However, the content of these metals were below the permissible limits except Zn content in ladyfinger collected from Bajpur. The regular monitoring these metals in soils, vegetables and in other food items is necessary to prevent accumulation of these metals in the food chain. There is more risk of metal accumulation in children as compared to adults. PP-58: Estimation of Chlorpyriphos in its formulation “Paraban 20% Ec” By Reversed-

Phase HPLC

Deepti joshi1 and N. K. Sand2

1Department of Chemistry, M. B. Govt. P. G. College, Nainital, Uttaranchal, India 2Department of Chemistry, Collage of Basic Sciences and Humanities

G. B. pant University Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttaranchal, India [email protected]

A new, simple, rapid and robust Reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for estimation of active ingredient in Chlorpyriphos formulation “Paraban 20% EC”. The formulation was extracted in chloroform, dried and resuspended in acetonitrile. The clean up was performed using C18 SPE cartridge. The active ingredient was estimated using 5 µm ODS-II column, mobile phase acetonitrile: water (75:25 v/v) and detection at 229nm. The efficiency of cleanup method was found to be 95% and minimum limit of detection <2.5ng. The detector response was linear with in concentration range 2.5ng – 50ng at RSD 1.42%. The proposed reserved-phase HPLC method has application for quality control and determination of the self life of commercial formulation.

PP-59: Waste to wealth: High quality meso-porous materials from coal fly ash

M. R. Deshpande1*, P. P. Hundekar1, G.P. Kapure2 and U. D. Joshi1 1Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

2Shri. Guru Buddhiswami College, Purna, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India [email protected], [email protected]

In India the power sector has been receiving adequate priority ever since the process of planned development began in 1950. Hydro and coal based thermal power have been the main sources of generating electricity. In our country more than Ninety million tones of F.A. is being generated annually with more than 65000 areas of land being occupied by Ash-ponds. In the past, fly ash produced from coal combustion was simply entrained in flue gases and dispersed into the atmosphere. This created environmental and health hazards. World wide, more than 65% of FA produced from coal power station is disposed in Land fills and ash ponds. The recycling of FA has become an increasing concern in recent years due to increasing Landfill costs and current interests in sustainable development of human society from view points of energy Economy and

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Environmental strategy. The 21st century has witnessed growth of porous materials with a few serendipities successful technological surprises converting FA into useful MCM 41, 48 meso-porous materials. This paper is mainly intended on a green, cost effective and novel synthesis method of Al-MCM-41 from FA. The reported method gives a high degree of crystallanity, smaller crystalline size and phase purity, of Al-MCM-41 even in the comparatively short duration. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, N2 adsorption to determine BET surface area and pore size distribution etc. Al-MCM-41 was also synthesized using commercial sources and compared with Al-MCM-41synthesised from fly ash in different parameters. PP-60: Formation and Characterization of Gadolinium Oxide Generated from Different

Precursors

Devinder Singh Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India

[email protected] Samarium sesquioxides, Sm2O3, with B-type centered monoclinic and C-type anion-deficient fluorite structures, have diverse applications in environmental and catalytic science. It is important as a catalyst for dehydration of alcohols and as a catalyst support for metals used in the dehydration of 2-alkanols to 1-alkenes, as well as for oxidative coupling of methane. It is also used as a refractory oxide in the formation of ceramic cores for electrode applications. Moreover, it is used for producing samarium-cobalt permanent magnets. A review of thermal decomposition properties of rare-earth salts reported that lanthanide oxides obtained from nitrate or acetate precursors exhibit higher surface areas than those obtained from oxalate precursors. In the present paper, gadolinium oxide was generated from different precursors and characterized by thermal gravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate, Gd(NO3)3·6H2O, was used as received. Calcination products were obtained by heating at various temperatures (200–600oC) for 1 h in air. The calcination temperatures were chosen on the basis of the thermal analysis results. Prior to analysis, the calcination products were kept dry over silica gel. Gadolinium oxalate decahydrate, Gd2(C2O4)3·10H2O was prepared from Gadolinium acetate by dropwise addition of a hot 6% ammonium oxalate solution to a stirred, hot solution of gadolinium acetate dissolved in glacial acetic acid. The resulting solution was then neutralized to pH 7 with NH4OH. The precipitates formed were left to stand at room temperature for 1 h, filtered off, washed with a diluted ammonium oxalate solution, and finally dried at 80oC to constant weight. The calcination products were obtained by heating at various temperatures between 200 and 800oC in air for 1 h. The calcination temperatures were chosen on the basis of the thermal analysis results. Thermal processes involved in the decomposition course of both salts up to 800oC in air were monitored by thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Intermediates and final solid products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that Gd(NO3)3·6H2O decomposes completely through endothermic mass loss processes. The dehydration occurs through the first four steps at 95, 136, 183, and 230oC, culminating in a crystalline nitrate monohydrate, which subsequently decomposes to Gd(OH)(NO3)2 at 366oC. The latter decomposes rapidly to form a stable and crystalline GdO(NO3) at 480oC, through nonstoichoimetric unstable intermediates. Finally Gd2O3 forms at 540oC. For the oxalate, the dehydration occurs in five steps: the anhydrous oxalate is thermally unstable and immediately decomposes to Gd2O3 at 650oC through two unstable intermediates. The crystalline oxide obtained from the nitrate contains larger pores than the oxide obtained from the oxalate, as indicated from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results.

PP-61: Wound healing by magnetic field

Devendra Singh1, P. P. Pathak2 and Hemendra Tripathi2 1 Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engg. & Tech., GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2 Physics Department, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Healing is that process in which damaged cells are replaced by the new cells. It completes in four steps i.e. Injury, inflammation, proliferation and contraction. In injury, cells and small blood vessels are damaged. The cells die as consequence of direct damage, oxygen deficiency due to the damaged blood vessels or chemicals released from other damaged cell. Due to this extra-cellular structure of the tissues is also damaged. Inflammation process is basically the result of micro-circulation of the tissues reacting to injury. Proliferation process includes the reforming of the tissues, resurfacing and provides the strength to the wound. This process continues up to three to four weeks. In the end, remodeling and contraction process takes place. It continues until the whole damaged area is replaced. Although wound healing recovers normally but it will take a long

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time. When magnetic field is applied across the wound then it is seen that healing rate becomes more faster than normal healing. The purpose of this study is to increase the healing rate. PP-62: Energy efficient Green buildings- Sustainable Architecture & Modern Science

Sangita Banga, Dewanshu Khatana, Kunal Nain, Sanjeev kumar, Mandeep Singh and Himanshu Khatana

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, Haryana, India [email protected]

In this era of global warming and imminent climate change, where the energy conservation is directly related to low carbon emissions, the green technologies will go on to save humanity and save this planet. One of the major sources of energy in the future will be using energy more efficiently. Buildings, as they are designed and used today, contribute to serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. However, buildings can be designed to meet the occupant’s need for thermal and visual comfort at reduced levels of energy and resources consumption. The energy scarcity in future will be overcome by not only effective and efficient utilization of renewable energy sources but also by reducing primary energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings. In today’s scenario, the main concern is about to incorporate energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable green design features into all buildings. This research work provides an understanding of the principles, new innovative technologies and processes used in order to enhance the performance of green building. The main aim of energy efficient building are to deliver better comfort, quality, performance and productivity with less money, pollution and energy wastage. In this work, an insight about the optimum utilization of non-conventional sources of energy through judicious planning and efficient design of building on the obviating energy wastage by reducing cooling loads, heating loads, use of natural light and natural ventilation, appropriate rating of building, computerized building control system and computerized energy simulation software is provided.

: Modeling photovoltaic, inverter and concentrating solar power model using solar advisor model

Bhaskar Kandpal, Kunal Nain, Dewanshu Khatana, Gaurav Khatana, Yazur Rajora,

Himanshu Khatana and Sushant Rao Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manav Rachna College of Engineering, Faridabad, India

[email protected]

Solar Advisor Model (SAM) is an analysis tool .SAM uses measured meteorological and irradiance data as an input to the models.The Solar Advisor Model (SAM) has been developed to support the R&D community and the solar industry .It has proven to be a very important tool in decision making for people involved in renewable energy industry, technology developers and researchers. Solar Advisor Model has the capability of comparing different solar technologies with same assumptions which allows users to investigate and understand the impact of variations in performance, cost, and financial parameters. SAM includes a model of electric generation, which helps us to compare it with solar technologies. This paper presents an overview of PV model, inverter modeland concentrating solar power (CSP) parabolic trough model by using Solar Advisor Model.

PP-64: Evaluation of reliability and mean time to system failure of a complex system models by using boolean function techniques

C.K.Goel1*, Dhanpal Singh2 and Baljeet Kour3

1 Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India 2Department of Mathematics, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

3Department of Mathematics, C. C. S. University, Merrut, U. P., India [email protected]

The paper deals with the reliability analysis of a power plant system which consists of a number of components of varying nature. The analysis of the model is performed with the help Boolean Function Technique by taking general and non-identical life time distribution with different scale parameter µi ( i=1,2,…….19) is taken as lifetime distribution of the components. Some important measures of system effectiveness have been obtained. A graphical study has also been carried out highlight the importance of the results. It has been assumed that the

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failure rates for various components of the complex system follow arbitrary distribution and there is service facility to repair the considered system. By using Boolean Function Technique solve the mathematical model of this problem.

PP-65: Transformation of coal fly ash into value added products for potential environmental and industrial applications

U. D. Joshi, M.R. Deshpande, P. P. Hundekar and S. Dheeraj*

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India [email protected], [email protected]

The power requirement of the country is rapidly increasing with increase in growth of the Industrial sectors. India depends on Thermal power as its main source (around 80% of power produced is thermal power), as a result the quantity of fly ash produced shall also increase. Indian coal on an average has 35 % ash and this is one of the prime factors which shall lead to increased ash production around 150 to 170 million tones / year and is set to continue at a high rate into the foreseeable future and hence ash utilization is become critical. One objective of this work is to investigate the potential of recovery of reactive aluminosilicate glass from fly ash and its use as a raw material for making high surface area phases or to prepare structural micro- and meso-porous materials for environmental and industrial applications as well. There are three phases in fly ash from which the aluminium and silicon come from 1) Amorphous aluminosilicate glass, 2) quartz, and 3) mullite. The aluminosilicate glass phase is the largest and most unstable of these phases in the hydrothermal environment, and therefore has the highest rate of dissolution. The fly ash samples were collected from two thermal power stations mainly Paril and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra, Fly Ash was treated with calcinations, fusion, magnetic stirring process to make it as source material. These treated samples were analysed by XRD, IR, SEM, EDX//XRF , Chemical analysis to know its composition, qualitive identification of the phases present in the collected Fly ash, morphological structure of ash, etc. It was found that reactive aluminosilicate glass is major content of collected fly ash about. 70 to 85 %, The crystalline phases found in the fly ash are mineralogical phases such as quartz, mullite and aluminosilicate glass, amorphous material forming during the combustion process. Faujasite type molecular sieve such as NaY, NaX are synthesised by hydrothermal method using treated fly ash as sources material. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, N2 adsorption to determine BET surface area and pore size distribution etc. Well crystalline sample were used for waste water treatment collected from surrounding areas of Sugar Industries. The removal efficiency of toxic elements using zeolite Y from waste water increased with an increasing adsorbent dose as well as contact time.

PP-66: Syntheses and characterization of coordination compounds of MnII , CuII ,

Zn II , FeIII and MoO2VI ions with N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-

hydroxyphenyl) thiazolidin-4-one

Dinesh Kumar1 and Amit Kumar2* 1Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

2Department of Chemistry, Haryana College of Technology & Management, Kaithal, Haryana, India ami t_vash is tha2004@yahoo .co . in

A dry benzene solution of the Schiff base, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3'-carboxy-2'-hydroxybenzylideneimine upon reacting with mercaptoacetic acid undergoes cyclization and forms N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-C-(3'-carboxy-2'-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidin-4-one, LH3 (I ). A MeOH solution of I reacts with MnII, CuII, ZnII, FeIII and MoO2

VI

ions and forms the monomeric coordination compounds, [Mn(LH)(MeOH)3] (II ), [Cu(LH)(MeOH)] (III ), [Zn(LH)(MeOH)] (IV ), [FeCl(LH)(MeOH)2] (V) and [MoO2(LH)(MeOH)](VI ). The coordination compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance, molecular weight, spectral (IR, reflectance, ESR) studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. I behaves as a dibasic tridentate OOS donor ligand in these compounds. The compounds are non-electrolytes (ΛM = 6.2-13.8 mho cm2 mol-1) in DMF. A square-planar structure for III ; a tetrahedral structure for IV and an octahedral structure for II , V and VI are suggested.

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PP-67: Municipal solid waste management in developing countries: An overview

Disha Punetha School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The rapid urbanization, industrialization and unplanned colonization led to several issues of urban pollutions. The municipal solid waste management is one of the most vital issues in urban environment particularly in developing countries. The waste transportation, improper segregation and even non-engineered waste disposal practices are of major concerns in developing counties. It is therefore not surprising that about one-third of available budget of municipality is being spent over waste collection and transportations practices. This paper present an overall scenario of municipal solid waste management practices in developing counties. The data are provided by national and international agencies suggest that in waste management hierarchy system the main practice is landfilling and waste recycling/reuse practices is either with community-based management system or with private sectors. The failure of governance and insufficiency of existing infrastructure with municipality resulted in increasing size of garbage hills around the urban locations in majority of cities/towns of developing nations. The public awareness level and environmental education is an important component of effective solid waste management plant and in this context the score of these parameters is relatively low in most of states of developing region of the world. Due to shrinking of land required for ever growing garbage is another issue of serious concern. Therefore the integrated solid waste management plant needs to implement effectively in order to recover some community beneficial products (nutrients, energy, secondary resources etc) from MSW. PP-68: Ionic composition of high altitude Himalayan rivers with respect to their source

of origin

Divya Goyal 1and V. P. Semwal2

1Department of Biotechnology, Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] , [email protected]

Composition of major anions and cations in high altitude glacier fed River Bhagirathi is different from comparatively lower altitude spring fed River Kosi. The average ionic composition of River Bhagirathi towards downstream was found to be as; Ca++ > Mg++ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ (Cations) and HCO3- > SO4--> Cl- > NO3-

(Anions). However, sulphate ion predominates over rest of the anions in the upstream i.e. in the Gangotri valley. Major ions of glacial melt streams and sulphur spring, located in the Bhagirathi valley were studied separately to observe the contribution of these sources to the ionic abundance of River Bhagirathi. Ionic composition in glacial melt streams was found to be as; Mg++ > Ca++ > Na+ > K+ > NH4+ (Cations) and Cl- > HCO3- > SO4-- >NO3- (Anions). On the other hand sulphur spring water was characterized by high concentration values with altogether a different composition of cations i.e. Na+ > Mg++ > K+ > Ca++ > NH4+, whereas, anion composition followed the same pattern as for glacial melt water. Some local streams such as Nagun Gad and Syansu Gad, which contributes substantial quantity to River Bhagirathi in the downstream near Uttarkashi are characterized by high levels of HCO3- and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). At two damming areas namely Maneri and Tehri the concentration levels of cations and anions were increased as compared to flowing river stretch. These results were compared with ionic abundance of comparatively low altitude spring fed himalayan River Kosi, where the ionic concentration levels were comparatively low at the origin and consistently increased towards downstream. The average ionic composition of River Kosi all through its length was similar as River Bhagirathi in the downstream reaches, which in fact is the composition of rain water over the Himalaya region. It is also observed during the study that genus of benthic macro invertebrate community, representing the biological water quality of the two rivers was found remarkably different, although water quality of both the rivers is ‘A’ class i.e. clean throughout. Therefore it may be assumed that ionic distribution pattern does influence the ecological status of the rivers.

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PP-69: Assessment of underground drinking water quality in Chilkana area, Saharanpur (U.P.) India

Meena

Department of Chemistry, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, India [email protected]

The present work was undertaken to analyze the various water quality parameters, viz. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, Cl-, F-, So4

2-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and study the WQI in underground water samples. 22 water samples were collected from different localities of Chilkana area, Saharanpur (U.P.). The results were compared with the values stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) for drinking water quality. The present study showed the water quality of Chilkana area to be suitable for drinking purpose and it requires the use of indigenous technologies, to make water fit for drinking purpose.

PP-70: Effect of the different concentration of ethyl cellulose and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose in drug release of Epalrestat Sustain Release Tablet

Gahtori Vinod*, Negi Deepak, Vashney Sugangha, and Arya Suchita

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

The objective of the study is to design and evaluation of Epalrestat sustain release tablet and determine their effect of different concentration of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose. Epalrestat is anti diabetic drug used in the treatment of diabetic, Neuropathy. SR tablet not only could provide a more constant plasma concentration with less frequently administration but decrease the side effect. The main aim of the study is to developed SR tablet to delay the release matrix tablet where prepared by using 1.5%, 2%, 3% ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is 22%, 23%, 43%. Con of ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose direct compression method was used and prepared the tablets where done evaluate on the basis of weight variation hardness friability and in vitro dissolution using paddle (USP IInd ) apparatus all the formation should complains with pharmacopoial standard the drug release after 24 hrs F1-97.5, F2- 95.6,F3-92%. Then their fore the result indicate that ethyl cellulose and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose is an ideal candidate for production of directly compressed.

PP-71: Developing pharmaceutical drugs less toxic to the environment

M. Rana1*, A. J. Rana1, A. Bisht1 and G. Bisht2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

“Green quality”- As long as product quality is maintained, pharmaceutical manufacturing should have flexibility to make process changes to implement green chemistry and engineering changes. The complexity of the pharmaceutical industry necessitates a holistic approach to greening its processes, starting with a paradigm shift from focusing only on waste management to an approach that encompasses manufacturing process efficiency, yield, and economic gains for pharmaceutical companies. Green chemistry is redesigning the future of the pharmaceutical industry by adopting a life-cycle philosophy considering all materials and methods involved in manufacturing pharmaceutical products. One such practice is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). A supercritical fluid is a substance that is above its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc), and exists as a single phase. SFC facilitates faster analysis, reuses carbon dioxide that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere, and uses significantly less solvents than classical chromatography. The pharmaceutical industry’s commitment to improving health should also include a commitment to maintaining a healthy environment. A barrier to greening the pharmaceutical industry is the misperception that making changes is difficult and costly. In today’s marketplace, sustainability is a benchmark for a company’s success. The pharmaceutical industry is already using many principles and practices of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry, including atom economy and less hazardous chemical syntheses. The past few years have seen the advent of a new eco-scare: The unsettling afterlife of pharmaceuticals. Drug residues excreted by humans and livestock linger in our waterways,

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often for months, before decomposing. The effects of these residues are hard to isolate and poorly understood, but scientists have discovered hints of trouble. PP-72: Determination of physico-chemical parameters and the pollution status of river

yamuna at kalsi dehradun uttarakhand

Fouzia Ishaq* and D. R. Khanna Limnological Research Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science

Gurukula Kangri University Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Water is one of the important sources to sustain life and has long been suspected of being the source of much human illness. It is the elixir of life and abounds on earth, but this vast natural resource has been depleted and turned into scarce commodity with increased usage catering to the needs of ever-expanding population. There is almost a global shortage of water and the worlds most urgent and front rank problem today is supply and maintenance of clean drinking water.Rivers are the most important freshwater resource for man. Social, economic and politicaldevelopment has been largely related to the availability and distribution of freshwaters containedin riverine systems. Water quality problems have intensified through the ages in response to theincreased growth and concentration of populations and industrial centres. Polluted water is animportant vehicle for the spread of diseases.The River Yamuna sometimes called as Jamuna is the largest tributary of the River Ganges (Ganga) in northern India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier at a height 6,387 mtrs., on the south western slopes of Banderpooch peaks in the Lower Himalayas, it travels a total length of 1,376 kilometers (855 mi) and has a drainage system of 366,223 km2, 40.2% of the entire Ganges Basin, before merging with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela every twelve years. The present study was designed to demonstrate the monthly variations in physico-chemical parameters of River Yamuna at Kalsi Dehradun for a period of one year from August 2010 to July 2011. Water samples were collected on monthly basis and analyzed forestimation of twenty two important parameters like Temperature, Velocity, Turbidity, Transparency, Conductivity, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Free CO2, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sodium and Potassium.From the study it was found that the water quality of River Yamuna at Kalsi is affected due to the pollution from surrounding residential areas, agricultural runoff and anthropogenic activities and it needs the regular monitoring and proper management to protect the water quality status of River Yamuna.The study also indicates that water quality is not suitable for drinking purposes and it needs some conservation and management plan to save the River.

PP-73: Family Lamiaceae: Role in clean-up Technology of metal polluted soils

Girish Kharkwal* and Chitra Pande Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The present study was conducted to explore the phytoremedial capacity of the Ocimum basilicum and Mentha arvensis planted in pots in triplicate on metal contaminated soil treated with different concentrations of lead, copper and cadmium. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that can reduce both the productivity of plants and the safety of plant product as food and feeds. Phytoremediation is more cost-effective, environment friendly and has fewer side effects than physical and chemical approaches. Heavy metal (Pb, Cu and Cd) analyses in soil and plant (on dry weight basis) samples were performed on an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (GBC-902 Avanta Sigma Model, Austalia) using acetylene gas as fuel and air as an oxidizer. Mean values of three replicates were taken for each determination. The effect of metal on essential oil composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The transfer factor for lead was 0.042, 0.104, 0.112, 0.110 and 0.103 respectively in Ocimum basilicum while 0.009, 0.014, 0.009, 0.013 and 0.015 respectively in M. arvensis in control (m0), 500 (m’), 600, 750 and 900 mg kg-1amended soils. The transfer factor for copper was 0.027, 0.208, 0.215, 0.133 and 0.136 respectively in Ocimum basilicum while 0.041, 0.071, 0.071, 0.035 and 0.060 respectively in M. arvensis in control (m0), 270 (m’), 300, 500 and 700 mg kg-1 copper amended soils. The plants showed vigorous growth but had no remedial capacity for cadmium treated soil. Both, O. basilicum and M. arvensis showed vigorous growth with no symptoms of morpho-phytotoxicity despite the accumulation of lead and copper. The percentage of linalool was drastically affected in copper amended soil. There was no effect on essential oil composition of M. arvensis. Ocimum basilicum showed better metal accumulation than M. arvensis.

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PP-74: Terpenoid compositon of Coleus aromaticus from Uttarakhand

Gitu Kunwar*, Girish Kharkwal and Geeta Tewari Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Coleus aromaticus Benth.(Synonym: Coleus amboinicus Lour.; Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb.) is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to Lamiaceae plant family. It is a folkloric medicinal plant and used by almost all local people for its therapeutical efficacy against malarial fever, hepatopathy, renal and vesical calculi, cough, chronic asthma, hiccough, bronchitis, helminthiasis, colic, convulsions, and epilepsy. The essential oil composition of Coleus aromaticus Benth (family-Lamiaceae) was examined by capillary GC and GC-MS. Analysis revealed the presence of 28 constituents, of which 16 constituents were identified. Thymol (83.39 %) was the major compound, while 1-octen-3-ol, terpine-4-ol, eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and α-cadinol were present as minor constituents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the essential oil composition of Coleus aromaticus cultivated in Kumaun region (Uttarakhand, India).

PP-75: A rapid and highly efficient ionic liquid mediated synthesis of 5,6-dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline derivatives.

Ashok K. Yadav and Gopi Ram Sharma

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

A new series of substituted 5,6-dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline were synthesized using environmentally benign method .Substituted aromatic aldehydes, viz.p -choloro benzaldehyde/p- methoxy benzaldehyde, tetralone and urea derivative(s) when reacted in ionic liquid, afforded novel 5,6-dihydrobenzo(h)-quinazoline derivatives. This methodology is advantageous as it is rapid, facile and high yielding. The structures of all synthesized compounds were well characterized by FT-IR, Proton NMR and elemental analysis.

PP-76: Thermodynamic and physico-chemical studies of binary mixtures of 1, 3-dioxolane with 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol at 298.15 to 313.15 K

Gyan Prakash Dubey٭ and Rajiv Kumar

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected]

Densities (ρ ), and speeds of sound (u) have been measured for the binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane with 1-hexanol, 1-octanol and 1-decanol over the entire composition range at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K and

at atmospheric pressure while viscosities (η ) were measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental density and speed of sound values were used to calculate the excess molar volumes (

EmV

), deviations in speed of sound (∆ �), isentropic compressibilities (Sκ

) and deviations in isentropic

compressibility (∆ Sκ) while the viscosity data were used to compute deviations in viscosity ( η∆ ) and excess

Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (EG*∆ ) at 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. The values of

EmV

,

∆ u and ∆ Sκ, η∆ were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation and the viscosity data have been

correlated by using the equations of Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, Katti-Chaudhri, Hind et al. and Heric-Brewer and have been used to discuss the presence of significant interactions between cyclic ether and alcohols.

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PP-77: Study of physiochemical factors determining emulsion stability

Harish Chandra Joshi and I. P. Pandey Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D. A. V. College, Dehradun, Uttarahand, India

[email protected]

Emulsions are widely used in various fields such as pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic, paint and food industries. The droplets diameter of these emulsions is usually of the order of 0.1-10µm. When emulsions are applied to various commercial products, their physical properties such as the particle size distribution and viscoelasticity are required to keep their original states regardless of time. The change of dispersion states of droplets for example, flocculation and creaming, is also undesirable.However,in some applications it is necessary to break the emulsion in order to release the active material as the active ingredient is contained in the emulsion droplets.Thus,it becomes necessary to study the physiochemical factors determining emulsion stability. In the present study, the effect of processing conditions, oilpolarity, emulsifier polarity and composition, phase volume ratio, mixing time and temperature on emulsion stability is covered.

PP-78: Going green with data warehousing

Priti Dimri, Deepak Dangwal and Harshal Gunwant Computer Science and Engineering Department, G. B. Pant Engineering College,

Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Current scenario of computer industry tremendously booming with advances in green technology, thus reducing huge power consumption along with providing competitive-edge performance in the marketplace and a solution domain to environment degradation. Green computing has introduced a range of equipments like energy efficient chips, high-end storage mediums etc. that incorporates well with technologies such as Data warehousing system’s expertise helping in limiting the impact on environment. Data warehouse is a new generation Decision Support System (DSS) tool that is setting milestones in maintaining voluminous data, historical backups and providing multi-dimensional ad-hoc queries in generating results, patterns and comparisons quickly within a span of time. Meteorological databases used for weather forecasting is one of the fastest growing databases. Automated Weather System (AWS) keeps track of all weather conditions regularly and stores it accordingly and therefore keeps on increasing the warehouse size. This paper articulates the reduction of power-hungriness of data warehousing system and explores its energy efficient perspectives in the field of Meteorology.

PP-79: Fumigant toxicity of chloropicrin against wood destroying insect: Lyctus africanus

Himani Pant* and Sadhna Tripathi

Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

The practice of using fumigants to control decay has been widely accepted all over the world and has been shown to be effective in controlling internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. The present study deals with the testing of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) for its effectiveness in preventing or arresting attack by wood borer i.e. Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera; Lyctidae). Softwood and hardwood blocks (1.9cm3) were fumigated with different concentrations of chloropicrin. Results revealed that 0.4% concentration of chloropicrin caused 100% mortality of L. africanus larvae in both woods. The lowest concentration tested (0.05%) revealed 74.07 and 87.03% mortality in softwood and hardwood respectively. .On the basis of probit analysis it was observed that the LC50 of chloropicrin for L. africanus is 0.05 in softwood and 0.018 % in hardwood.

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PP-80: Consumer awareness scale of electronic waste recycling

Hrithik Sharma and Sachin Kumar

Faculty of Science & Technology, ICFAI University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Many times we think and discuss about recycling of several materials we use around the globe. The most eye-raising recycling is of Electronic Waste (EW). EW is not limited to the industries; it is also created and found at our homes as well. In Indian system of considering the waste as homologous, it is quite difficult to make people aware that the waste must be categorically dumped. There is always a survey and ground work which must be done before educating the public on any issue. This survey is helpful on measuring on how much and on which level the Awareness-Spreading system should be followed. Also, it is helpful for learning new ideas of dumping EW and reusing it in several other aspects. The paper discusses about the present trend and awareness scale (AS) of general public as how they dump the electronic waste. From an extensive survey of 500 odd houses from 6 different states of India, the paper exclusively shows the AS (Calculated of 10) .Also the paper sates the ways adopted by the people/consumers who were above 7 of the AS. Not surprisingly, people above AS level 7 were only a few. After a week of educating the people of that area, the survey was again taken with the same and random sample number. It was found that the AS level of the public increased to 8 (at an average) and new methods came into picture which were started being adopted by them. The paper is a base for Certified Recycler Electronics Program® for educating common man and public about the problem that could only be solved by an individual but by all of us together.

PP-81: Adsorption of organic molecules on interacting surfaces

I.P. Pandey and Anupama Sharma Oil Extraction, Environmental & Disaster Management Lab., D.A.V. College, Dehradun, India

[email protected] The number of chemical reaction proceeds by the phenomenon of adsorption of organic molecules on these interacting surfaces. As a result of adsorption of organic molecules the heat is liberated which is called the heat of adsorption. During this process the nature of surfaces play a significant role in the physico-chemical properties of organic molecules. The chemical reaction proceed by the process of activation and depends on the curvature of the surfaces. This average curvature of the surface can be calculated using the rule of mathematical chemistry and Gauss bonnet theorem of differential geometry. The applicability of this method has been highlighted in the area of catalytic and biochemical reaction and in studying the nature of interaction of proteins with other solid surfaces.

PP-82: Denitrification of high salinity, high nitrate wastewater using clinoptilite in a packed bed bioreactor

Abbas Rezaee and Hooshyar Hossini

Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran [email protected], [email protected]

The aim of the present work was to study the treatment of high strength nitrate, high salinity wastewater using a packed bed bioreactor filled with clinoptilolite. Biological denitrification was monitored at different loadings rates (0.8-4 kg NO3

-/m3·d) and salinities (10-40 g L-1). The denitrification rate, COD consumption, and nitrite accumulations were response parameters. In the experimental conditions, a maximum denitrification rate of 3.72 kg NO3

-/(m3·d) was achieved with ethanol as a carbon source and salinity at 10g L-1. During denitrification, no more than 0.1 mg NO2- L

-1 could be accumulated.

PP-83: Adsorption of hexavalent chromium using Sargassum

Ali Khavanin and Majid Ansari Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences

Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran [email protected], [email protected]

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), from an aqueous solution using brown seaweed Sargassum. The effect of solution pH, contact time, initial chromium and nitrate

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concentrations were studied. The experimental data were fitted to the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevick isotherms. The results showed the contact time and pH are the most important parameters influencing the Cr (VI) adsorption onto Sargassum. The optimum pH, contact time, the initial adsorbent dosage and initial Cr (VI) and nitrate concentration were found to be 3, 120 min, 1.3 g, 50 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.

PP-84: Application of green technology in infrastructure

Isha Verma and Prachi Sohoni Department of Civil Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

[email protected], [email protected]

A green building, which is also known as a sustainable building is designed to meet some objectives such as occupant health; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the environment. It is an opportunity to use the resources efficiently while creating healthier buildings that improve human health, build a better environment, and provide cost savings. All the development projects lead to over-consumption of natural resources. This leads to serious environmental problems. Green building concept deals with the optimum use of natural resources for the development of infrastructure. The low cost eco-friendly house is the modern construction method which uses locally available material and unskilled labor and also reduces the construction time. Similarly, use of recycled plastic, recycled aggregates and municipal wastes for the construction of pavement has considerable effect on the environment of earth. Another advanced method is the construction of low carbon building which uses sustainable materials like blended cement, compacted fly ash blocks, low energy intensity floor and roofing system, rammed earth walls and stabilized mud blocks etc. This ultimately results in reduction of green house gases which will help to reduce green house effect. This paper presents an overview of application of modern green infrastructure construction technology which makes a significant impact on conservation/proper utilization of resources like land, water, energy, air, material etc thereby reducing the overall cost of construction as well as adverse impacts of climate change. PP-85: Green fibre reinforced polymer composites – An alternate to reduce ill effects of

synthetic polymers

Gurcharan Dass and Jagdish Chander Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, JCDM College of Engg., Sirsa, Haryana, India

Environment has two types of polymer that are naturally occurring and synthetic polymers. The use of synthetic polymers is popular all over world because of their usefulness and convenience. Besides all these advantages synthetic polymers pose a threat to environment because of the fact that they are indestructible material which can take thousands of years to disintegrate. To remedy this situation an alternate is to make synthetic polymers biodegradable by adding natural fillers. At the last work done for the remedy is reported shortly. PP-86: Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of the iminic moiety in 3-chloro-2-formyl

pyridine hydrazones promoted by copper, nickel and cobalt

Jagvir Singh1, Kamlesh Kumri3, Prashant Singh2 and Netra Pal Singh1

1Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, India 2B. B. A.University, Lucknow, U.P., India

3Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Allahabad, U.P., India [email protected], [email protected]

N-substituted pyridine hydrazones (2-formylpyridine, 3-chloro benzohydrazide) undergoes Schiff base formation of the iminic carbon nitrogen double bond through its reaction with [Ni/CoCl2 (dmso) 2] and [CuCl2

(dmso) 2] in ethanol. Coordinated to the afford [Ni/CoCl2 (FPBH) 2] and [Cu (FPBH) 2] Cl2 complexes. These metal complexes have been characterized by 1H & 13C (NMR), FTIR, elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, and electronic spectral measurements. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal ions and synthesized ligand in molar ratio M: L (1:2) resulting in the formation of the metal complexes. The ligand as well as their complexes shows a significant antimicrobial studies.

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PP-87: Microwave mediated synthesis of a new series of biologically important 1,4-dihydropyridines

Jaspreet Kaur 1*, Ranju Bansal2 and Anupreet Kaur1

1University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India 2University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India

[email protected]

Green chemistry has enjoyed explosive growth in recent years with current areas of interest including multicomponent reactions, catalyst and solvent free synthesis. In this regard, microwave assisted synthesis provides rapid, green and predictable yields. 1, 4-dihydropyridines have been recognized as vital drugs in the treatment of angina and hypertension. Due to variety of biological activities possessed by dihydropyridines and their analogues, a novel protocol for efficient synthesis of new 1, 4-dihydropyridines is being developed via a two step reaction under microwave irradiation. A mixture of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (10 mmoles), methyl acetoacetate (20 mmoles) and ammonium acetate (30 mmoles) was taken in vial and heated in a microwave synthesizer (Biotage) for 15-20 minutes to obtain corresponding dihydropyridine. The compound obtained after filtration was subject to alkylation with various hydrochlorides of dialkyl-aminoethyl chlorides which resulted in the target dihydropyridine. The completion of reactions was established by thin layer chromatography using chloroform and methanol. The new series of dihydropyridines will be used further for enzymatic biotransformation to obtain enantioselective compounds. Optical yields and optical configurations have been confirmed using polarimeter and chiral HPLC measurements.

PP-88: Screening and analysis of different medicinal herbs in context with Chronic Active Hepatitis disease

Jaya Krishna Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

A clinical study was undertaken to determine the effect of the combination of Andrographs Paniculata, Tinospora Pordifolia with Tephrosia Purpurea, Boerhavia Piffusa and Picrorrhiza Kurroa on the patients with chronic active Hepatitis B disease. The yield of the plant extract was highest in Ethanol. It indicates that the major component of the herbs were soluble in ethanol. The plant extracts have been tested for the antiviral activities and metal analysis on Japanese Encephalitis virus. The doses were 500-4 µ/ml and 0% inhibition (in vitro). The viruses remained inactive. The decoction of the medicinal herbs had a significant result with the elevated HBsAg, AST and ALT levels of chronic active Hepatitis B patient i.e.: intervention of medicinal herbs in the form of the decoction among CAH patients gave significant reduction.Hence, the study showed that the herbal treatment was effective to the patient of Chronic Active Hepatitis to provide their healthy life style. PP-89: Green networking in practice: performance evaluation of routing protocols for

ad hoc networks based on energy consumption

Suresh Kumar, K. D. Narayan, Nitin Arora* and Jogendra Kumar

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Engineering College, Pauri, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Ad hoc networks are characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols. A major issue with ad-hoc networks is energy consumption since nodes are usually mobile and battery-operated. In this paper we have mainly focused on energy consumption issues of routing protocols. We compare the Performance of three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) on the basis of energy consumption. The performances of protocols are analyzed in different network scales and based on the observation we make several recommendations.

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PP-90: Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of P-Cuscn/ N-Zno heterojunction films

B. Marí1*, K.C.Singh2, L. Ortiz1, M. Mollar1and Balraj Deshwal2*

1Departament de Física Aplicada-IDF, Universitat Politècnica de Vàlencia, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, Vàlencia, Spain

2Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India [email protected]

The compact and smooth surface films of n-ZnO on FTO substrate were deposited electrochemically in a non aqueous bath. Hetereojunction of p-CuSCN/n-ZnO film was prepared by depositing CuSCN electrochemically over the ZnO substrate. The films were characterized by cyclic voltametrically, chronoamperimetrically, SEM, EDX and XRD measurements. The pure crystalline films of CuSCN with intrinsic trigonal pryramidal morphology over the ZnO films were obtained electrochemically by fixing the SCN/Cu ratio in the electrolytic bath 1.5:1 at 60ºC with -0.4 V deposition potential. Photocurrent measurements showed the increase of intrinsic surface states or defects in ZnO/CuSCN interface. The I-V characteristics of hetereojunction show a good rectification behaviour with 250 rectification ratio at ±2V. The value of 2.81 of ideality factor calculated by fitting the semilogarithmic I-V data with the ideal diode equation revealed the better electrical contact between the smooth ZnO and CuSCN films than that of ZnO nano rods and CuSCN crystallites.

PP-91: Growth Mechanism and Morphology of ZnO/eosin-Y Hybrid Thin Films

MARÍ Bernabé1*, Singh Krishan-Chander2, Mollar Miguel1, Moya Mónica1, Rana Ravi2 and Perla Wahnón3 1Departament de Física Aplicada- IDF, Universitat Politècnica de València,

Camí de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain 2Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

3Instituto de Energía Solar & Dpt., Tecnologias Especiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain

[email protected] Thin hybrid films of ZnO/eosin-Y were prepared by electrodeposition at -0.8 and -0.9 V in aqueous and non-aqueous baths at temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 °C with dye concentrations of 100 and 400 µmol·L-1. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and absorption spectroscopy. The films prepared in a non-aqueous bath were non-porous and did not adsorb dye molecules on their surface. However, the films grown in aqueous media were porous in nature and adsorbed dye during the deposition of ZnO. Preferential growth of the film along the (002) face was observed, and the highest crystallinity was achieved when the film was deposited at 60 °C. The maximum absorption was achieved for the films grown at 60 to 70 °C, a deposition potential of -0.9 V, and a dye concentration of 100 µmol·L-1.

PP-92: Web content protection system of information leakage

Kamlesh Kumar1, Amarjeet Singh2 and Manisha Sharma3 1Department of Computer Applications, Jai Arihant Academic Institute, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttatakhand, India

2Department of Computer Applications, Institute of Environment and Management, Lucknow, U.P., India 3Department of Mathematics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Web application development is more complex and challenging than most of us think. But most Web-based systems are still poorly developed and in an ad hoc manner, resulting in poor quality and maintainability and contributing to failures. In this paper, we propose a web-based system for prevention of the confidential information leakage caused by the person who is authorized to access. This system realizes the centralized access control to the distributed confidential information and supports the confidential pages generated dynamically by web applications. We show the design and implementation of this system that is transparent to users. In this paper, we propose the Data Leakage Prevention System (DLPS). This system provides protection of the confidential information stored in the web server against the information leakage such as bringing out the data by saving it as file, writing it to the media, and printing it out. Users can only read but cannot copy nor print the confidential information. The DLPS comprises four major components; Viewer, Encryption Proxy, Authentication Server, and Access Control Directory. Encryption Proxy, which is a proxy server interposed between client and web server, encrypts transmitted data of the confidential information on demand. Adopting

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this encryption method, it is not necessary to change the existing web server that stores the confidential information, and the DLPS supports the confidential information generated dynamically by web applications such as CGI or Java Servlet. In addition, whenever Viewer accesses the confidential information, Authentication Server authenticates users and controls the access. The system administrator can manage the confidential information with the configuration of Access Control Directory and centralized access control of the distributed confidential information can be realized.

PP-93: The study of security issues for public domain biometric applications

Kamlesh Kumar1, Balam Singh2 and Ashutosh Kumar Bhatt3 1Department of Computer Science & Applications, J. A. A. Institute, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

2 Department of Computer Application, Color Design India Education Center, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India 3Department of Computer Science, Birla Institute of Applied Sciences, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Although biometrics is becoming an integral part of the identity management systems, current biometric systems do not have 100% accuracy. Some of the factors that impact the accuracy of biometric systems include noisy input, non-universality, lack of invariant representation and non-distinctiveness. Further, biometric systems are also vulnerable to security attacks. A biometric system that integrates multiple cues can overcome some of these limitations and achieve better performance. Extensive research work has been done to identify better methods to combine the information obtained from multiple sources. It is difficult to perform information fusion at the early stages of processing (sensor and feature levels). In some cases, fusion at the sensor and feature levels may not even be possible. Fusion at the decision level is too simplistic due to the limited information content available at this level. Therefore, researchers have generally preferred integration at the matching score level which offers the best compromise between information content and ease in fusion.

PP-94: Synthesis and antitubercular activity of substituted aryl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-acridin-9-yl)-amine derivatives

Rajendra Yadav1*, Kapil Kumar Goel1, Peeush Singhal1, Shashikant2 and Ashwani Kumar1

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India 2Jubilant chemisis Ltd. Noida, Uttar Pardesh, India

Tuberculosis (abbreviated TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, in humans mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis1. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the skin. The goal of the present day drugs is to combat drug resistance and to reduce the duration of therapy from six months to at least three months to eradicate the bacteria. Taking into account the lead molecules from our earlier efforts to exploring tetrahydroacridine based molecules which show their effect via intercalation to nucleotide base pairs in the helix and arrests the biosynthesis of DNA, new molecules would be synthesized and evaluated for their antitubercular potential. The possible mode of action would also be elucidated.

PP-95: Synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial studies of 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl]

acetic acid mannich bases

Sheela Joshi, Kapil Vyas*, Purti Bilgaiyan and Anju Pathak School of Chemical Sciences, D.A.V.V., Indore, India

[email protected]

The present invention deals with the synthesis of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid methylamines (Gabapentin). A series of Mannich bases of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid (Gabapentin) were synthesized via Mannich reaction of 2 [1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid with primary amines. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of elemental analysis, UV, IR and 1HNMR Spectral data. All the compounds have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against a representative panel of bacteria i.e. E-coli, B.subtilis, and S.aureus. Synthesized compounds were found to exhibit profound antibacterial activity. 2[1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexyl] acetic acid (Gabapentin), a biologically potent drug showed no significant antibacterial activity but its Mannich bases are found to show potent activity against the pathogenic bacteria.

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PP-96: Effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile- water vapor in presence and absence of Montmorillonite clay with or without cations (Cu2+,Ca2+,Mg2+) as sensitizers

under prebiotic wetting –drying conditions

Kavita Gururani*, Namrata Pandey, Pramod Pandey and C.K.Pant Department of Chemistry, D.S.B.Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttrakhand, India

[email protected] The abiotic evolution of life postulated by Oparin and Haldane posits production of organic molecules on the early earth was followed by chemical reactions that produced increased complexity leading to organic life. The effect of heat on reaction system of acetonitrile-water vapor was investigated in presence and absence of montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations under wetting and drying condition for a period of 100 hrs, temperature and pH 8.5+50C.The reaction concentrates were analysed at different intervals of 25hrs, 50hrs, 75hrs and 100hrs by paper chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography as well as UV spectrophotometric methods gave more or less identical range of amino acids and identified as lysine ,aspartic acid, serine, glycine, α alanine, valine and leucine. Reaction concentrate of acetonitrile-water vapor heated upto 100hrs in presence of montmorillonite clay with or without divalent cations has shown the calalytic effect in the following order: M.Cu2+ > M.Ca2+ > M.Mg2+ > M PP-97: Studies of dye sensitized photogalvanic solar cell: Lissamine Green –B-Ascorbic

acid-NaLS system for Electrical Parameters, Solar energy conversion & storage

K.R.Genwa* and Kewal singh Department of Chemistry J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] The photogalvanic cell is a device which converts solar energy into electricity on the basis of photo galvanic effect. In photogalvanic cell containing Lissamine Green B as photosensitizer in Ascorbic acid-NaLS system the cell performance were observed 150 minutes in dark respectively. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the cell were observed and current-voltage (i-V) charecteristics of the cell were also studies. The photopotential, photocurrent and maximum photopotential were observed as 850.0 mV and 375.0 µA, 1095.0 mV respectively. The mechanism was proposed for the generation of photocurrent in photogalvanic cell.

PP-98: Anti- diabetic drug metformine as an anti-cancer agent in chemically induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis

Kimothi Vishwa Deepak1*, Negi Singh Deepak2, Panwar Pooja1 and Anwar Firoj1 1Sidhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

2Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Cancer is a class of deasese in which a group of cells display uncontrolled grouth in-vasion and some time metastsis. Present time hepatocellularcarcinoma is major cause of death in world. The present study is design to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of anti-diabetic drug Metformine in chemically induced HCC. Cancer is induced by Di Methyl Nitrosoamine (DENA)-200mg/kg by I.P. route in Rates. Cancers cells required more glucose for suvival. In present study we stop the glucose production by giving antidiabetic drug. Metformine is antidiabetic drug it supress hepatic glucose production decerese inetstinal absorption of glucose and increase insulin senstivity by increasing periferal glucose uptake and utilisation. The parameters evaluate are like Bilirubine, GGTP, SGOT, SGPT, Glucose and histopathology of rat liver. The above biochemical parameters are increased in HCC. After giving metformine dose 125mg/kg orally to rates the biochemical parameters are decresed and in histopathological study of rat liver the tumar growth is supreesd by giving metformine(125mg/kg).

PP-99: Volatiles of feronia elephantum correa

Kiran Tewari*, Charu Singh and Chitra Pande Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Feronia elephantum Correa (syn Limonia acidissima L., Feronia limonia L.), commonly known as wood apple,

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is the only species of this genus in the family Rutaceae. It is an erect, slow growing, moderate sized tree, with rigid bark, fissured and scaly with sharp spines. The plant is well known for its medicinal use. The leaves are aromatic and are used for the treatment of indigestion and in bowl infection. The fruit of the plant is considered to be a stomachic, diuretic, cardiotonic and tonic to the liver and lungs. The essential oil composition of Feronia elephantum Correa was examined by capillary GC and GC-MS. Analysis revealed the presence of 24 constituents, of which 18 constituents were identified. Trans-anethole (57.73%) and methyl chavicol (37.48%) were the major compounds while cis-anethole p-anisaldehyde, (E)-jasmone, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool, (E)-methyl eugenol were also present as minor constituents. This is the first report on F. elephantum in this region.

PP-100: Synthesis, characterization and anti-cancer activity of transition metal complexes of Imidazole derived ligand

Kishwar Saleem and Rahisuddin

Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India [email protected], [email protected]

A new ligand (L) has been synthesized by the reaction of imidazole with 1,3-diiodopropane in presence of solid sodium hydride in 2:1 molar ratio in dimethylformamide (DMF). Nickel(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of ligand have also been synthesized. The reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes have been monitored by TLC. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, infrared, 1HNMR, UV-Vis. spectroscopy. Molar conductance measurement values showed non-electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity in vitro against Hela (cervical carcinoma cells) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells). Platinum(II) complex exhibits potent anti-cancer activity than palladium(II) complex, ligand and control. The anti-cancer activity increases with increased the concentration of the same compound.

PP-101: Cadmium tolerance and its phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis (L.) and Brassica juncea (L.) from the cadmium contaminated soil possessing salinity

and drought stresses

Kuldeep Bauddh and Rana P. Singh*

Department of Environmental Science, B. B. A. University, Lucknow, U.P., India [email protected], [email protected]

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity and drought stresses on the phytoextraction of Cd by two oil yielding crops, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and Castor (Ricinus communis). The study revealed that Cd in the soil possessing these stresses influenced not only growth, protein, proline and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also Cd accumulation in roots and its translocation to the shoots. Cd contamination to the soil resulted in general reduction in the growth of B. juncea and R. communis plants in terms fresh and dry biomass accumulation. R. communis appeared to have relatively stronger self protection ability in terms of proline bioaccumulation (r2=0.961) than that of B. juncea (r2=0.918) grown in Cd contaminated soil possessing salinity and drought. The higher production of MDA indicated greater damage to cell membrane in B. juncea than that in R. communis. When the correlation was plotted between Cd concentration in the pot and MDA content in the leaves, lower r2 value was found in R. communis (r2=0.971) than that of B. juncea (r2=0.986) which indicate the greater damage to cell membrane in the B. juncea than that in R. communis. The rate of accumulation of Cd in both the plants was calculated and it was found that though, the amount of the metal accumulated in the roots and shoots of Indian mustard was higher on the basis of per unit biomass than that in castor. The total removal of metal from soil on per plant basis was much higher in castor because it produces large amount of underground and aerial biomass during the same period. The translocation of Cd from roots to shoot was higher in B. juncea at all Cd concentrations. R. communis appeared more tolerant for the Cd and other stresses and capable to clean Cd contaminated soil for longer period in one sowing than B. juncea and the former can grow in wasteland soil also in which later cannot be cultivated. In addition, R. communis is a perennial plant and can maintain removal of the metal from the contaminated soil throughout the year for longer time in the same sowing which will reduce the operational cost.

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PP-102: Non conventional method of water pumping using vertical wind turbine

Akash Prakash and B. Kishor Bannari Amman Institute of Technology

[email protected]

The major problem for the agriculturists at the present scenario is the energy crisis. The major source of water for the fields is wells and bore wells. People use pumps to pump out water from wells and bore wells. This process involves lot of energy consumption every day. Our project deals with the process of pumping out water from wells and bore wells using a specially designed wind mill. Our setup does not require any electrical devices and thus thereby the losses are avoided.

PP-103: Modern era oral contraceptives: a trigger for veneous thrombo embolism

Ankit Saini, Kuldeep*, Amandeep Singh Pundir, Udayvir Singh, Arun Sharma and Pranav Gupta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

VTE (veneous thromboembolism) is an abnormal circulatory condition in which an embolus (balloon shape structure containing tissue fragments) travels through the blood stream and become lodged in the blood vessel, causing blood clots and occurring preferably in the deep veins in legs. Newer oral contraceptives(for prevention of conception) are found to contribute towards serious blood clots. Therefore, the presented information was compiled to reveal this serious problem with the help of some researcher’s data. Women on pills containing one of the new types of progesterone hormone (drospirenone, desogestren) have increased the risk of venous thromboembolism than the women on pills containing older progesterone(levonorgestrel). Researchers reviewed data for all non pregnant women between the ages of 15 and 49 from January 2001 till December 2009 and the reviewed data illustrated that there were 4,246 women with veneous thromboembolism in eight million women. A data illustrates that ratio of 10:10,000 women per year with VTE risk taking newer pills. Thus, to decrease the risk 2000 women should shift from using oral contraceptives with desogestrel, gestodene and drospirenone to levonorgestrel in one year to prevent the risk. “Clinicians will choose the drug with minimum risk and prescribe oral contraceptives with levonogestrel whenever possible” says Dr Philips Hannaford from university of Aberdeen. The present work emphasized increased risk of blood clot due to intake of newer contraceptives pills; however more studies are still required.

PP-104: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS): Not only a beautification mediator but also a skin and fertility deteriorator

Kuldeep Singhal1*, Ankit Saini1, Pranav Gupta1 and Rajni Saini2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, 2Himachal Institute of Dental sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal pradesh, India

[email protected]

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an ester of Sulphuric acid and is also known as "Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt. SLS is used mainly in soaps, shampoos, detergents, toothpastes and many other cosmetic products. This chemical is an effective foaming agent, chemically known as surfactant. The following information has been compiled to reveal the dangers associated with this beautification product. SLS is absorbed into the body from skin application. Sodium lauryl sulphate denatures skin proteins, which causes not only irritation, but also allows environmental contaminants easier access to the lower, sensitive layers of the skin. After chronic use, it gets absorbed into the body and shows its major effect, that is to mimic the activity of the hormone Oestrogen and is also responsible for a variety of health problems from menopausal symptoms to dropping male fertility and increasing female cancers such as breast cancer. A report published in the Journal of The American College of Toxicology in 1983 showed that concentrations as low as 0.5% could cause irritation and concentrations of 10-30% caused skin corrosion and sever irritation. Shampoos are among the most frequently reported products to the FDA. Report illustrates the various side effects which are eye irritation, scalp irritation, tangled hair, swelling of the hands, face and arms and split and fuzzy hair. Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the cosmetic products due to its cheap nature. The profit of a pharmaceutical industry cannot be considered so important that it would ignore the health hazards associated with such cheap products. Therefore certain recreational steps are to be followed which are a combo of both that is safe and profitable. One such step is the use of Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) which is less irritating than Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and cannot be

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metabolised by the liver and its effects are therefore much longer-lasting. However, there are certain health hazards associated even with this derivative; therefore further studies are still required.

PP-105: Eco friendly paints

Sudha Lalchand

[email protected]

Save the Planet Earth. The Facts There are more than 10,000 chemicals that can be used in conventional paints; many of which are newly created chemical components with little research conducted regarding their long-term effects on both humans and the environment. Many of these chemicals may lead to health problems or complicate existing conditions. Low level exposure to paint may irritate or burn the eyes, nose, throat and skin and cause reactions such as headaches, dizziness or nausea. These symptoms are generally mild and will subside once the direct exposure has ceased. However, high levels of exposure to some of the elements in paint, even for a short period of time, can cause severe and lasting impacts such as kidney or liver damage or respiratory problems. Substances found in some paint, such as formaldehyde and benzene, are carcinogenic while others, such as heavy metals and phthalates, are human and ecosystem toxins. Eco Paints & Environment Today, to save the ecosystem there are paints with non-toxic elements. These environmental friendly choices are made for a healthier lifestyle. The use of Eco Paints ensures a healthier body and greener environment to live. The Eco-Paints are Non-toxic with zero VOC (Volatile Organic Content) and have no odour and can be tinted to any colour your heart or home desires with non-toxic tints. Eco Paints are also safe for the chemically sensitive. The Eco-Paints are produced from fewer than 250 chemical components and more than 98 % of these chemicals are naturally derived from plant sources and minerals. Most of the ingredients have been used for centuries or more. The raw materials that are low in toxic s stances, renewable and feature a low environmental footprint. In the Eco-Paints, the paints, stains, thinners and waxes are made from naturally-derived raw materials including citrus peel extracts, essential oils, seed oils, tree resins, inert mineral fillers, tree and bee waxes, lead-free dryers and natural pigments.

PP-106: Bioactivity of essential oil and pure compounds isolated from Senecio and Helenium species

Lalit Mohan*, Anand B. Melkani and Charu C. Pant

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The genus Senecio and Helenium (Asteraceae) grows wild in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. About nineteen species of the genus Senecio and only one species of the genus Helenium have been reported to grow in Uttarakhand. The extract of this plant was reported to be potent natural pesticide and also possess insecticidal activities. Senecio royleanus DC and Helenium grandiflorum (Willd.) O. Kuntze growing in Uttarakhand with their pure isolates have not been investigated for antimicrobial activity. So the present communication deals with the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils and pure isolates from both plants. The test organisms used for antimicrobial activity were laboratory isolates of the pure culture of Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Gram negative bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Xanthomonas phaseoli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Three animal pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans, Aspergilus nigar, Aspergilus flava and five plant pathogenic fungi Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum against the oil sample and pure isolated compound. Streptomycin, Erythromycin and Clotimazole were used as positive control. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was done by disc diffusion method. In both the analysis all the fractions which showed significant antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition ≥10mm) were further tested to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). 1,10β-Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane (69.0%) of the oil and 1β-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane (25.2%) also isolated from leaf oil of Senecio royleanus. Geranyl isobutyrate (30.8%) and geranyl butyrate (10.0%) were isolated from the oil of Helenium grandiflorum. The oil of S. royleanus showed maximum zone of inhibition (21mm) against K. pneumoniae. 1,10 β- Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane showed maximum activity against A.tumifacienens (13mm) and 1β-10-Epoxy furanoeremophilane maximum zone of inhibition against C.albicans (18mm). It was interesting to note that the oil and compound isolated from S.royleanus might perhaps act as growth promoter for S. rolfsii. The essential oil of H. grandiflorum showed maximum inhibitory effect (18 mm) against E. faecalis. The MIC value was observed at the lowest concentration (31.25 µL/mL) against K. pneumoniae and P. multocida. The

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MBC value at 125 µL/mL was observed against K. pneumoniae. The oil showed maximum zone of inhibition against C. albicans (22 mm) and MIC value was observed at 62.5 µL/mL against C. albicans. This is the first report of furanoeremophelane derivatives reported from steam distillates. The result of present study would be of a great significance in the discovery of new antimicrobials of plant origin.

PP-107: Studies on chemical composition of Microstylis wallichii Lindl. from

Uttarakhand

Nidhi Lohani1, Ravi kumar2, L. M. Tewari1* and G. C. Joshi2

1Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhad, India 2C. C. R. A. S. Tarikhet, Ranikhet, Almora, Uttarakhad, India

[email protected]

Microstylis wallichii Lindl is a Rasayana and belongs to the “Astverga”. It is important for its medicinal uses in traditional system of medicine since vedic period but study on the phytoconstituents is very less. Metal content and volatile constituents in Microstylis wallichii Lindl. (family Orchidaceae) collected from Uttarakhand were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and GC and GC-MS respectively. Chemical analysis reveals that Microstylis wallichii contain 6.48-7.18 ppm Cu, 43.00-49.50 ppm Zn, 35.00-37.00 ppm Mn, 331.00-352.45 ppm Fe, 21600.00-23000.00 ppm K, 1300.00-9000.00 ppm Ca, 2800.00-5300.00 ppm Mg, 198.00-217.50 ppm Al, 26.70-37.50 ppm Ba, 55.60-59.70 ppm B, 0.27-0.30 ppm Mo, 148.00-156.00 ppm Cl and fatty acids-linoleic acid (18:2ω6) 61.20-65.23% w/w, α-linolenic acid 18.10-15.50% w/w, oleic acid 12.00-14.87 % w/w, palmitic acid (16:0) 5.90-6.00% w/w, stearic acid (18:0) 2.50-2.10% w/w, γ-linolenic acid (18:3ω6) 1.87-2.20% w/w, eicosanoic acid (20:0) 0.81-0.69 % w/w, eicosenoic acid (20:1) 0.42-0.52% w/w and eicosadienoic acid (20:2) 0.04-0.07% w/w. Other chemical constituents which were isolated from Microstylis wallichii are vitamins α –tocopherol and γ-tocopherol 9.80-12.00 ppm and 695.00-786.7 ppm respectively while terpenoids 18.00-20.50%. It has an Acid value of 1.20-1.39 and saponification value of 103.00-110.50.

PP-108: Water: a pharmaceutical aid for antibiotic production and a vector for

antibiotic resistance

Lalit kumar Uttam, Nitish kumar, Kuldeep, Udayvir and Pranav Gupta Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The word antibiotic comes from the Greek anti meaning 'against' and bios meaning 'life' (a bacterium is a life form).' Antibiotics are also known as antibacterials, and they are drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Such a high production is although beneficial yet it encompasses certain hidden threats. Water has a major role in the antibiotic production. Although the water used for production at various steps serves as a backbone for the production but the final discharge of the used water causes serious problem. Once drainaged, the waste water can cause the problems as follows : Firstly, polluting the nearby water body and affecting the aquatic life to such an extent that even the genetic makeup of the aquatic species are found to be altered. Secondly, if this water is used for agriculture and harvesting (accidentally or by mistake) it can enter the plant and then to humans (biomagnification) and the long term use of such an antibiotic treated plant can even develop antibiotic resistance in humans. Therefore, the waste water must first be treated to overcome the above mentioned conditions. Heating the water to 130 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius) is found to be particularly effective in eliminating the genes that confer antibiotic resistance. These genes are used by bacteria to become resistant to multiple antibiotics, which are then known as "superbacteria" or "superbugs." This is just a small attempt to explore the hazards of the antibiotic treated water and a solution to overcome it, however further studies are still required.

PP-109: Usnic acid as a antiprotozoal drugs

Maheep K. Chahar and M. P. Dobhal Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected] Of the hundreds of known secondary metabolite from lichens, dibenzofuran derivative usnic acid [2, 6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzo-furanddione] has become most extensively studies lichen metabolite. it is generally isolated from the various species of lichen and most commonly obtained from

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Parmelia, Cladonia, Alectoria, Usnea, Leconora, Ramalina and Evernia. Usnic acid have been utilized for medicinal, perfumery, cosmetic as well as ecological applications. Usnic acid containing genera have been used as a crude drug throughout the world. In studies of antiprotozoal activity, the results are very exciting and show a path for the search of, a potent antiprotozoal drug from the usnic acid.

PP-110: New scientific development for water and wastewater treatment: a outline on recent patents

Mahesh Srivastava, Dheeraj Singh Yadav, K. K. Tomer and Ajeet Kumar Agrawal*

Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected]

The concern over increasing needs for drinking water and awareness for development of systems to improve water quality both for drinking purposes and for effluents from waste water treatment and industrial facilities have provided incentives to develop new technologies and improve performance of existing technologies. In this paper, the patents on treatment of water and wastewater approved during the period from 1999 to 2007 were reviewed. The patents surveyed were classified into two groups as technologies for water purification systems for drinking water, and technologies for treatment of wastewater. An assessment of the current and future outlook for development of new technologies, methods of treatment, equipment and instruments which can be used for water and wastewater treatment applications are presented.

PP-111: Ageratum conyzoides L.: Terpenoid profile, variation with altitude and antimicrobial activity

Anand B. Melkani* and Chandra M. S. Bisht

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicinal used in many countries. There are reports on essential oil composition of A. conyzoides growing in 15 different countries. However, A. conyzoides growing in Uttarakhand was not investigated for its terpenoid composition. The plant grows wild and grows with wide range of altitude (250 m to 2500 m). Some morphological variations with altitude made us to take up the present study. Four different sites with appreciable difference in altitude were selected to find out any qualitative change in the essential oil composition and look for antimicrobial activity of the oil and chromenes, present in the oil. The plant material was collected from four different locations (Okhimath 2,500 m, Nainital 1,800 m, Gairsain 1,650 m, and Rudrapur 250 m). Steam volatile constituents were extracted separately, from whole aerial part, leaves, flowers and roots of each collection and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The chromenes (7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene and 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchromene) were isolated by liquid chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of whole oil and the isolated compounds was determined against five bacterial and five fungal strains. A significant change in quantitative make up of the terpenoid composition was observed, which appears to occur due to altitudinal variation. The terpenoid composition, its variation with respect to major constituents and the antimicrobial activity shall be presented.

PP-112: Heavy metal contamination of soil and sediment in Uttarakhand

Mamta Belwal Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Syleds, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in Uttrakhand and causes serious effects to humans and animals. The aim of the resent study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in main areas of Uttarakhand and understand the characteristics of the pollution in each area. Soil samples were collected from a large area of Uttrakhand and analyzed for five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Dd, Zu & Hg) the results indicate that heavy metal pollution in Uttarakhand has strong regional differences. Using cluster analysis, the patterns of heavy metal pollution were divided into three major clusters: (i) Nainitial (ii) Dehradoon (iii) Almora. Our findings indicate that Cromium is abundantly present in all the three clusters, but is maximum in Almora and Dehradoon. Copper is maximum in Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Zinc is also maximum in Dehradoon and Minimum in Nainital. Cadmium also follow the same pattern. While Mercury is present in trace

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amount in Almora and Dehradoon and were found absent in Nainital. Thus our findings indicate that Dehradoon is most polluted among all the three clusters followed by Almora while Nainital is least polluted among all the three clusters.

PP-113: Screening of stem extracts of Plumbago Zeylanica L. For antimicrobial activity

Ruby1, Manju rani2*, Mukesh Chandra3, Swapnil Shrama1, Rajani chuhan1 and Jaya Dwivedi2

1Department of pharmacy, 2Departments of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India 3Department of pharmacy, SGRRITS Patel Nagar Dehradun, India

[email protected] Medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L. is the member of family plumbaginaceae. All part of this plant like leaves and stem of the plant contain many chemical constituents for example naphthoquinones, sitosterol, lupeol, lupenylacetate, hentriacontane and amino acids. The root contains- plumbagin (2- methoxy-5- hydroxyl- 1, 4-naphthoquinone), 3-chloroplumbagin, 3-3- biplumbagin, chitranone (1-2-Dihydro-1(s) 5, 5-trihydroxy-2, 3 R-dimethyle-2-propyl-3,8-bisnephthalene-1,4,4-trione, 2,3- biplumbagin; 6,6- biplumbagin, zeylenone. etc. The plant also contains lineleic acid, palmitic acid, nonylnonanoate, stigmasterolacetate; lupeol acetate; friedelinol; lupeol, lupanone; sitosterone and stigmasterone, vanillic acid, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone, indole-3-carboxaldehyde. Plumbagin (2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) being the most active constituent possesses various pharmacological activities viz. antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiotonic and antifertility action.The crude powdered drug extracted by using different type of solvents. The yields of various crude extract fractions, screened against antibacterial and antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity were against most of the bacterial strains except aqueous extract that gave discouraging results and was not found to be active against any of the bacterial strains.On comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of extract following conclusion could be drawn:Good yield of crude powdered drug found with Ethanol solvent. Chloroform extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against different bacteria but show moderate inhibition against Acinetobacter baumannii while there was no inhibition against Bacillus cereus.The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of stem of Plumbago zeylanica L screened for possible antifungal activity. But the assay results unexpectedly were not found to be good.

PP-114: Kinetics and Mechanism of Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of 2, 3-dimethylaniline in acetone-water medium

Manmeet Kaur1, Payal Rathi2 and Tarun Kumar3

1 Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3Tula’s Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The Mn(II) catalysed reaction between 2,3-dimethylaniline (AMX) and periodate ion in acetone-water medium Rate of reaction decreases on increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the dielectric constant of the medium. Free radical scavengers do not affect the reaction rate. One mol of AMX reacts with two moles of periodate during the initial part of reaction. Results of kinetic studies under pseudo first order conditions, [IO4

-] >> [AMX], are in agreement with the rate law:d[C]/dt = kK3K4Kw[Mn II] [S] [IO4

-]0 [H+] /{K 2 Kw + (Kw + Kb K2

)[H+] + Kb [H+]2} where kK3K4 is the empirical composite rate constant, Kw is ionic product of water, K2 is acid

dissociation constant of H4IO6- and Kb is base dissociation constant of TOL. [S] is the concentration of AMX

and [IO4-]0 represents the concentration of periodate which has been taken in excess. The 1/kobs versus [H+]

profile passes through the minimum. The reaction products were subjected to solvent extraction, TLC, melting point, and spectroscopic studies and characterized as 2,3-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone. The values of thermodynamic parameters are: Ea = 5.16 kcal mol-1, A = 4.19 × 108 dm3 mol-1 s-1; ∆S# = – 37.44 cal mol-1 K-1, ∆G# = 16.17 kcal mol-1 and ∆H# = 4.54 kcal mol-1. Suitable mechanism has been proposed.

PP-115: Energy saving achieved by switching the option from conventional to green buildings

Zeba Naaz and Mohammad Shahid

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India [email protected], [email protected]

This paper introduces an idea that a significant amount of energy saving can be achieved by switching a

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conventional building to proposed green building. To demonstrate the energy saving, two building models have been developed using ENERGY PLUS software. Delhi has been chosen for this study, its altitude is 216m, latitude 28035’ N, and longitude 77012’ E. The first model demonstrates the energy consumption in conventional building. The second model shows the energy consumption in same building by switching some energy saving parameters such as building orientation, insulation, lighting control etc. Photovoltaic panels are also implemented to share a prescribed amount of electrical load. The comparison result shows that the proposed Green Building uses less energy in comparison to conventional building. By incorporating Green Building strategy, 36% higher net saving of energy and cost as compared to Conventional building is found. The result shows that carbon emission can also be reduced to a great extent. The study shows that the Green Building is much reliable, economical and beneficial for human health and environment.

PP-116: Kinetics and Mechanism of oxidation of Phenol by Potassium Permanganate in alkaline medium

Meena

Chemistry Department, Doon College of Engineering and Technology, Sunderpur, Saharanpur, U.P., India [email protected]

Kinetic investigation of the oxidation of phenol by potassium permanganate in alkaline medium have been studied in the temperature range 293, 298 and 303K. The reaction is first order in permanganate ion concentration and has less than unit order each in phenol and alkali concentration. There was negligible effect of ionic strength, contamination of basic solution of carbonate, dissolved oxygen and manganate ion (one of the product). Initially added arcrylonitrile decreased the rate of reaction indicating free radical mechanism. The results indicate that four molecules of permanganate ion were used by one phenol molecule. On the basis of these observation a suitable mechanism and rate law have been proposed.

PP-117: Comparative study on Bioremediation of water in conjunction with terephthalamides obtained from PET waste

R. K. Soni, Meenu Teotia* and Shalu Gupta

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected]

Bioremediation refers to the use of microorganisms to degrade contaminants that pose environmental and human risks. Due to its safety and convenience it has become an accepted remedy for cleaning polluted soil and water. Generally heavy metals produce their toxicity by forming complexes with water and organic compounds. Chromium has both beneficial as well as detrimental properties. Cr [III] is essential in human nutrition especially in glucose metabolism however most of the hexavalent Cr [VI] compounds are toxic. The present work is focused on the removal of chromium ions from water through bioremediation and also with the help of terephthalamides obtained from PET waste. The study establishes the efficiency of P. fluorescence in the absorption, accumulation, degradation and detoxification of chromium in waste water and amides added act as initiator and were found to increase the activity of P. fluorescence.

PP-118: Tolerance and performance level of some plant species under roadside Automobile pollution stress

Namita Joshi and Meha Bora*

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Hardwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Vegetation naturally cleanses the atmosphere by absorbing gases and some particulate matter through leaves. Some plants have been classified according to their degree of sensitivity and tolerance towards various air pollutants. Levels of air pollution tolerance vary from species to species, depending upon the capacity of plants to withstand the effect of pollutants. In the present study, the susceptibility level of different plant species were determined which were collected from 4 different traffic intersections within the Haridwar city. These included Cassia fistula, Bougainvillea glabra, Ficus benghalensis, Psidium gujava, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica, Saraca indica and Eucalyptus sps. The value of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) has been evaluated by using 4 different biochemical parameters including ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, pH and relative water

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content. Combining APTI values with other socio-economic and biological parameters anticipated performance index (API) of these plant species was also calculated. Both APTI and API values were further used to categorize the sensitive and tolerant plant species.

PP-119: Effect of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate monomers composition on

initial gloss and gloss retention of emulsion paints

Monika Chaudhary Department of Chemistry D.A.V College muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected]

Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate studies with different types and different amount of surfactants and thermal initiator. The polymerization reactions have been carried out at 80 ± 2.0 ºC using thermal initiator, for using as a binder in paints. The paint binder for low PVC paints have been developed and discussed. In order to achieve the good initial gloss, gloss retention, affects of various surfactants, surfactant level and specially monomers would be studied. The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate was found to be desired properties with 50:50 monomer compositions. Therefore further studies such as effect of amount of surfactant, initiator, N-methylolacryamide and glycedyl methyl acrylate on emulsion properties and paints properties. Emulsion polymerization carried out only with 50:50 monomer compositions of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate to obtained optimum condition. PP-120: Eco friendly fuel generation using artificial photosynthesis

Mohit Verma* and Mudit Gupta

University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Bidholi Campus Office, Energy Acres, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected] Recently a working prototype of artificial photosynthesis using a bottle of water mixed with a special catalyst, in presence of sunlight produced 30 kilowatt/hour energy, enough to power a small home. Now compare this to fossil fuels which are in short supply, contribute to pollution and global warming. Coal, while abundant, is highly polluting both to human bodies and the environment, wind turbines hurt picturesque landscapes and current solar-cell and other renewable energy technologies are expensive and inefficient. Artificial photosynthesis could offer a new, possibly ideal way out of our energy predicament. For millions of years, green plants have employed photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight and convert it into electrochemical energy. An artificial version of photosynthesis that can be used to produce liquid fuels fromcarbon dioxide and water is under development. It is a photo electrochemical reaction in which nanotubes embedded within a membrane act like green leaves, using incident solar radiation (H³), in presence of special catalyst like cobalt oxide to split water molecules (H2O), freeing up electrons and oxygen (O2) that then react with carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methanol (CH3OH) which can be used as fuel for cars. And unlike most methods of generating alternative energy, artificial photosynthesis can produce more than one type of fuel. The photosynthetic process could be tweaked so the reactions between light, CO2 and H2O ultimately produce liquid hydrogen. Liquid hydrogen can be used in hydrogen-powered engines in cars or in fuel-cells which can generate electricity. The ability to produce a clean fuel without generating any harmful by-products, like greenhouse gasses, makes artificial photosynthesis an ideal energy source for the environment. And since neither water nor carbon dioxide is currently in short supply, it could also be a limitless source, less expensive than other energy forms in the long run. In fact, this type of photo electrochemical reaction could even remove large amounts of harmful CO2 from the air in the process of producing fuel. It's a win-win situation.

PP-121: Cyclopropenoid fatty acids in Helicteres isora (Stercuaceae) seed oil

Swatika Sharma, Abdul Malik, Seema Parveen and M. R. K. Sherwani*

Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

Few decades before the detection, isolation and characterization was considered to be a difficult task but with application of modern analytical techniques the occurrence of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) in the seed oil is not as uncommon as believed. It is well established that the biogenetic oddity associated with malvalaceae and sterculaceae seed oils is that they frequently contain epoxy as well as cyclopropenoid acids. There after

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CPFA has been the subject of much investigation due to their deep biological effects on animals and co-carcinogenic properties.During the course of chemical analysis of seed oils, it was found that the oil of Helicteres isora responded to positive Helphen test (red color when heated with 1% solution of sulphur in carbondisulphide).Therefore the oil was selected for the estimation and characterization of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. PP-122: Urea assisted combustion synthesis of LaGdO3:Eu3+ nanoparticles

Mukesh Kumar, V. B. Taxak, S. P. Khatkar* and Sonika Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[email protected], [email protected]

A novel red light emitting Eu3+ doped LaGdO3 nanophosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using urea as an organic fuel. The synthesized powder was further treated at different temperatures for 3 hrs to increase luminescence intensity and crystallinity of the materials. The combustion synthesis provides an interesting alternative over other elaborated techniques because it offers several attractive advantages such as simplicity of experimental set-up, surprisingly short time between the preparation of reactants and the availability of the final product and being cheap due to energy saving. The crystalline structure of prepared materials, morphology of particles and their photoluminescence properties are characterized by X- ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL) under an UV source for excitation. The particle size of nanophosphor was found to have an average range of 30-70 nm size. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows predominant red color of the nanocrystals prepared under an UV source that was attributed to transitions [5D0

7F2] at 613nm.

PP-123: Common fiber yielding traditional Techniques in Garhwal Himalaya (Uttarakhand): A case study

Mukta Dangwal

Govt. P. G. College, New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Garhwal Himalaya is the most spectacular in its natural assets landform and lush green forest. Uttrakhand state is the 27th newly born state of India comprises 13 districts (four districts are under consideration). It lies in between 43’ to 310 8’ N latitude and 770 35’ to 810 2’ E longitude and is surrounded to the North-west by Himachal Pradesh, to the north by Tibet (China), to the east by Nepal and to the south by Uttar Pradesh. The large human populace with diverse life styles, beliefs, traditions and cultural heritage inhabiting in hilly region of Himalayas has learnt to utilize natural resources and products in various ways. Out of these one of the common fibre yielding peeled out tecniques of local villagers from different plants. During last five years authors have been found out 12 plants which are commonly used in fibre by local villagers are listed.

PP-124: Biologically active coordination polymers of transition metals contains 2-aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine

Nahid Nishat*, Shamim Ahmad Khan and Raza Rasool

Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India [email protected]

Metal chelating polymers containing amide and carboxylic groups were prepared by the reaction of 2-aminobenzoic acid, formaldehyde and diethylenediamine. The ligand obtained were loaded by metal ion of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) The chemical structure of the ligand and its polymeric metal complexes were confirmed by various spectroscopic studies like IR, UV-VIS, 1HNMR,elemental analysis thermogravimetric studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. On the basis of elemental and spectral studies, six coordinated geometry was assigned to Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II) and four coordinated to Zn(II). According to these result, it is suggested that ligand acts as tetra dentate and coordinates to each metal atom by amide and oxygen atoms of acid group of the 2-aminobenzoic acid. TGA studies confirm the presence of water molecules in polymer metal complexes of Mn(II), Co(II) Ni(II) and Cu(II). Antimicrobial activity of polymer metal complexes against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. albicans, A. niger and M. canis were measured. It is observed that polymer-metal complexes are efficient and effective antimicrobial agents.

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PP-125: Comparative study of the thermal performance of flat plate solar air heater

For different models

Naveen Sharma*, Promila and Sunil [email protected]

Solar collectors are exaggeratedly efficacious in all fields of living like agricultural, residential and industrial fields for multifarious applications like: seasoning of timber, greenhouse heating, curing of industrial products and where less than 100

oC fluid temperature is required. In recent work, the effect of various environmental

(solar radiation intensity, wind velocity and ambient temperature), design (number of glass cover plate, emissivity of glass plate and tilt angle) and operating parameters (mass flow rate, Reynolds number) on the thermal performance have been studied. The present study aims to evaluate top loss coefficient for different models and finally compare the thermal performance considering different parameters for solar air heater.

PP-126: Composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Ocimum basilicum essential oil from two regions of Uttarakhand

Neelakshi Singh1*, Archana N. Sah1, Harish C. Andola2, Alok Semwal3 and Deepak Singh Negi4

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nanital, Uttarakhand, India

2Centre for Aromatic Plants, HRDI, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3Sunder Deep Pharmacy College, Ghaziabad, U. P., India

4Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The aim of the present study was to identify the volatile components and evaluate the Antimicrobial potential of the O.basilicum essential oil cultivated and collected from two regions viz. Jaspur and Centre for Aromatic Plants (CAP) farm, Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation were characterized by GC and GC-MS. Jaspur oil (97.998% of total volatiles quantified) and CAP farm oil (91.04%) contained methyl chavicol (76.90260%, 67.43030%); linalool (18.32310, 20.19213); Z-citral (0.73396, 0.54708); E-citral (0.92899,0.97023); cis alpha bisabolene (1.10963, 1.90146), respectively as the major compounds. Percentage of methyl chavicol was higher in Jaspur oil sample. The Antimicrobial assay of the essential oil samples was done by Disc-diffusion method. Four bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseuodomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter were used for study. Amikacin discs (30 mcg) were used as std. antibiotic. Antibacterial potency of the essential oils was assessed by measuring inhibition zone diameter after 24 hr. growth at 370C. Antifungal activity was tested against Microsporum gypseum, Black fungus, Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus parasiticus. Gentamycin (10 mcg) was used as positive control. Inhibition zones were observed after 24/48 hr. incubation at 280C. All four bacterial and fungal strains were found to be sensitive to both the oils. CAPfarm oil sample showed best activity against S. aureus, known to play a significant role in invasive skin diseases and the oil of Jaspur has good potency against Acinetobacter. A. parasiticus was more sensitive to CAPfarm oil while jaspur oil has shown best activity against T. rubrum and Black fungus. Both the oil samples showed good activity against M. gypseum. MIC was carried out by Broth dilution method. Antimicrobial Activity of the oils may be due to Phenol derivatives. This study has successfully validated the existence of previously reported methyl chavicol rich chemotype in essential oil of O.basilicum and its folkloric use as an antimicrobial.

PP-127: Promoting sustainable agriculture through green chemistry

Neelam Kumari Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] Green chemistry is an important tool in achieving sustainability. The scope of the field of green chemistry is analysed and the capacity of green chemistry to facilitate a shift to sustainable agriculture is evaluated. It is focused on biopesticides of great concern. Green chemistry connects with sustainable agriculture as a consumer of agricultural products, as a source for remediation technologies, and as a producer of inputs. The biopesticides categories and formulations are analysed. Opportunities and challenges for biopesticides which includes safety and transparency are also discussed. It is conduded that as the area of biopesticides grown in scale, the field of

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biopesticides is ripe for green chemistry’s broad principals based approach sustainability.

PP-128: More Technique: A green transformation method of amide derivatives for pharmaceutical industry

Neerja Gupta

Department of Chemistry, ANDNNM College, Kanpur, U. P., India [email protected]

Green technologies are required essentially to protect our environment from pollution.MORE (Microwave-induced Organic Reaction Enhancement) techniques are potentially valuable as they reduce the need for organic solvents and also increase ‘atom economy’ by improving product selectivity and chemical yield. This method displays both economic and environmental advantages. High yields are achieved even on a gram scale, while reaction times are considerably shortened. Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the solid phase green synthesis of amide derivatives of substituted carboxylic acid with urea in excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions. Present paper reveals the method of synthesis of some amide derivatives using CAN as catalyst and their pharmaceutical application. PP-129: Mechanistic studies of palladium (II) catalysed oxidation of allyl alcohol by N-

chloro succinimide in aqueous alkaline medium

Neeru Gupta1* and A. K. Singh2 1Gvernment P. G. College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,

2B. B. P.G. College, Jhansi, M. P., India [email protected]

The title reaction is the frist order in [NCS] in the presence of Palladium (II) catalyst. The order in (allyl alcohol) is less than unity whereas that in [Pd(II)] is unity. Increase in [OH-] accelerates the reaction rate while added product, succinimide, retards the reaction rate. Increase in ionic strength and t-butanol content in reaction medium have negligible effect. The mechanism involving the hypochlorate ion as the reactive species of the oxidant has been proposed. The reaction constants of individual steps involved in the reaction mechanism have been evaluated. Negligible effect of ionic strength and dielectrict constant on reaction rate might be due to involvement of neutral substrate in the reaction. The activation energy calculated for Pd (II) catalysed reaction explains the catalytic effect.

PP-130: Studies of micellization of ionic surfactants in the presence of monohydric alcohols

Neelima Dubey

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected]

Speed of sound and density measurements of aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide (TTAB) with octan-1-ol, have been measured as a function of concentration of surfactants (0.05 and 0.10) mol·kg-1 at T = (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15)K. From these measurements, the apparent molar volume (Φv) and isentropic compressibility (ks) of octan-1-ol have been computed. The standard partial molar volume (Φov) has been calculated for rationalizing various interactions in the studied solutions. 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift measurements in micelle solutions containing heptan-1-ol and octan-1-ol have also been carried out in order to interpret the preferential solubilization site of alcohol on the studied micellar systems. Further, FTIR studies were also made for the studied surfactant alcohol systems. The thermodynamic investigations clearly indicate the strong alcohol-aqueous surfactant interactions as concluded from the studied partial molar property. As alcohol is added at constant surfactant concentration, a significant change in Φov is observed. The site for preferential solubilization of alcohol is close to the head group of micelle as interpreted from 1H and 13C NMR studies. The chemical shifts of carbon atoms are associated with the effects of alcohol additives on micellization of surfactant molecules which consist of hydrophobic contributions. From FTIR studies is it observed that small increase in concentration of octan-1-ol show a change in O-H stretching but the peak value of –C=C- remains almost unaffected.

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PP-131: Eco-friendly microwave assisted synthesis and biological activity of new substituted N-containing heterocyclic chalcone compounds

Neetu Tomer*, C. L. Jain and A. K. Singh

Department of Chemistry, M. M. H. College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] Some new chalcone compounds having N-containing heterocyclic ring were prepared conveniently in a one pot reaction with good yields, the desired product in less irradiation times as compared to the classical techniques. One of the most convenient rapid and ecofriendly method is Microwasve synthesis. The use of Microwave technology as a non polluting mode of activation accelerates the reaction and reduces the reaction time and energy input compared to conventional heating method. This method in comparison to conventional method offers high yields, eliminates the use of toxic organic solvents, and reduces multistep synthesis to one step, reaction temperature and reaction time from several hours to few minutes which leads to the development of clean and environmentally benign procedure. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by melting points and their structures have been confirmed by suitable spectroscopic techniques such as Mass, IR, H1NMR. All these compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains.

PP-132: Extraction and evaluation of Centratherum Anthelminticum seeds oil

Negi Aruna1*, Negi Singh2, Deepak2, Rasmi1 and Gupta P. K.1

1Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds consist of volatile oil and are used as helminthiasis, analgesic, antipyretics, anti-diabeties etc. The Centratherum anthelminticum seeds contain not less than 6% volatile oil. The volatile oil can be adultrated with other oil in order to reduce the cost. But this affects the therapeutic efficacy of oils. Present study is based on the extraction and evaluation of oil from Centratherum anthelmintihincum seeds. Various parameters such as refractive index, optical rotation, specific gravity, alkali-soluble matter were applied for evaluation of oil. After evaluation of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil, it was found that the Centratherum anthelminticum seeds oil posses the good quality when it was compared with standard value of various parameters mentioned in the official books. The oil was also evaluated by using thin layer chromatography.

PP-133: Synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies on Manganese(II), Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Cobalt(II) Complexes of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-

aldimine

Netra Pal Singh1* Gaurav2 and Jagvir Singh1 1Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India

2Department of Chemistry, Mewar University, Gangraur Chhitorgarh, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

Novel metal complexes of the type [M(L)2] (where M= Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II); L= N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-pyridine-2-aldimine) have been synthesize and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, FTIR, 1H & 13C NMR and UV-visible techniques. On the basis of spectral studies, a octahedral geometry has been assigned for Mn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ligand and metal complexes were also studied against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) which show antimicrobial activity of ligand and binuclear metal complexes. Metal complexes show more activities against bacteria and fungi as compared to pure ligand.

PP-134: Role of Green Computing in health monitoring

Papender kumar, Deepak Dangwal and Nidhi Puri Department of Computer Science, GBPEC Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

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Green Computingis an environmentally responsible use of computer. Green computing is a high performance computing using, special purpose multiprocessorand high bandwidth interconnection network. Green computing can be defined as the problem of reducing the overall carbon emission of computing and communication infrastructure, by using energy-efficient design and operation. Hence there is a need to balance the dramatic growth of high performance computing cluster. Technical issues in high-performance green computing span the spectrum from green infrastructure to green hardware (multi-core computing systems, energy-efficient server design) to greenSoftwareand applications (parallelizing computational science algorithms to run on modern energyefficientMulti-core clusters).Now in this paper, we have appliedrole of greencomputing inthe field of health monitoring. The process of implementing and maintaining a structural health monitoring system consists of operational evaluation, data processing, damage detection and life prediction of structure.

PP-135: Electrochemical determination of chemical warfare agent pyridostigmine

bromide by adsorptive stripping voltammetry and its quantitation in pharmaceutical formulation

Rajeev Jain, Nimisha Jadon* and Keisham Radhapyari

School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M. P., India [email protected]

Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) used as chemical warfare agent, which is currently used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and has been applied as a prophylaxis against chemical nerve agents. Electro-analytical behaviour of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) in BR buffers of pH range 2.4–10 at a hangingmercury drop electrode has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse cathodicadsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPCAdSV) and square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWCAdSV). Voltammograms of the drug exhibited a single two-electron wave and it may be attributedto the reduction of –C=O– centre. Based on the high adsorptive character of PB onto the mercuryelectrode, a validated direct square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric and differentialpulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure has been developed for the determinationof drug in bulk form and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed SWCAdS and DPCAdSvoltammetricmethods allow quantitation over the range 100 ng mL-1 –72 µg mL-1 and 1–80 µg mL-1 with detection limit of 20.7 and 32.3 ng mL-1 respectively. The procedure was applied to the assay of the drug in tabletsform with mean percentage recoveries of 100.1% with SWCAdSV and 99.99% with DPCAdSV. Precision and accuracy were also checked and were within the limits. The peak current was linear with the drugconcentration and percentage recovery was found to be good.

PP-136: Going Green: Lower the environmental impact of computing

Nitin Arora1*, Satendra Kumar2, Vishal Gupta3 and Jayveer Singh Farswan4

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of its devices. Today’s PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By comparison, today’s PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the largest scale—the earth—to the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of today’s PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them. Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of “Green Computing” related to the use of computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what IT’s role in that changes.

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PP-137: Permanent Magnet Generators: The ideal solution for air pollution

Ojaswa Pratap Singh and Nitin Upadhyay Amrapali Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Air pollution is proving to be one of the biggest ills facing humanity, with our environment being under severe threat from its ubiquitous and ever burgeoning presence. Unfortunately, the primary contributors to air pollution are the main drivers of development, namely economic activity, industrial growth, increasing energy consumption, rapid urbanisation etc. Among these, one big villain is the fast increasing use of fossil-fuel powered vehicles for transportation. In this scenario, new technological developments provide a glimmer of hope for preventing and controlling air pollution.We intend focusing onfossil fuel consuming vehicles and other equipment that cause a majority of air pollution. Therefore,to control air pollution significantly we have to concentrate on cars and other heavy vehicles. To this end, solar powered cars are available but suffer from a severe limitation, that is solar cars can only work in the presence of sunshine. In this scenario, a strong contender for the ideal solution is the Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) technology. PMG is a mechanism to generate power from wind-energy using a combination of a turbine and alternator.Thus, it is an alternative to solar power with the added advantage of being able to generate power at most times since it can generate power at various speeds, irrespective of the time of the day. PMG can generate power at highas well as at low wind-speed, without much compromise in the power generated by PMG. When the car-speed becomes less than the turbine’s threshold speed, the car shifts to power stored in onboard batteries.Upon the carspeedexceeding the threshold wind-speed, PMG starts providing driving power to the car and recommences charging the onboard batteries. PMG can further reduce air pollution by being putto other uses creatively. Apart from use in cars and other vehicles, fossil fuel is also consumed in generators in many places.These generators can be easily replaced with PMG or solar power generators, thus further contributing to reduction in air pollution.Similarly, small PMGs, placed in exhaust fans, can generate power.

PP-138: Quantitative separations of toxic heavy metal ions by using an ion exchange material

Mu.Naushad1* and Pallavi Jain2

1Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2Chemistry Department, SRM University, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, U. P., India [email protected], [email protected]

A new crystalline organic-inorganic composite cation exchanger polyaniline Sn(IV) molybdate was developed by mixing polyaniline into the inorganic precipitate of Sn(IV) molybdate. This material was characterized by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), simultaneous thermogravimetry–differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTA), X-ray, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis studies. Ion-exchange capacity, effect of calcinations (100-500°C) on ion exchange capacity, pH-titrations, elution and distribution behavior was also carried on this material. On the basis of distribution studies, the material was found to be highly selective for Pb2+ ion and its selectivity was tested by achieving some important binary and ternary separations. Thermodynamic parameters viz- entropy change (∆S), enthalpy change (∆H) and Gibb’s free energy change (∆G) were also calculated.

PP-139: Enlightining the antioxidant usefulness of vitamin C

Nitish Kumar*, Lalit Kumar Uttam, Ankit Saini, Ankit Kumar, Pranav Gupta, and Brijesh

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin. Most mammals and other animals don’t have the ability to make their own vitamin.Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, an important structural component of blood vessels.Vitamin C is an electron donor, and this propertyaccounts for all its known functions.Vitamin C is the body’s most important antioxidant (a chemical that prevented the

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consumption of oxygen) and forms the front line defense against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The antioxidant function of Vitamin C includes scavenging oxygen free radicals which can cause cellular damage. Ascorbic acid is a potent water soluble antioxidant capable of scavenging/ neutralizing an array of reactive oxygen species viz., hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, etc at very low concentrations. High intakes of vitamin C have been linked with a reduction in certain cancers (especially gastric) , cataract and an effective anti-aging nutrient mainly because of its antioxidant activities.Excessive free radical damage, which is partly responsible for the aging process, builds up over time. Without the action of antioxidants, excessive free radicals cause irreversible damage to your cells, accelerating the aging process and increasing the risk of chronic diseases and tissue degeneration.According to the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), mean intakes of vitamin C are 105.2 mg/day for adult males and 83.6 mg/day for adult females, meeting the currently established recommended dietary allowance ( RDA) .Though ascorbic acid was discovered in 17th century, the exact role of this vitamin in human biology and health is still a mystery in view of many beneficial claims and controversies.

PP-140: A novel ionic liquid mediated synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones

Ashok K. Yadav*, Pankaj Dhakad and Tripti Yadav

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

A new, convenient, environmentally benign two-step synthesis of 4(1H)-quinolones, 5H-thiazolo [3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] benzothiazol-4-ones have been developed by first condensing substituted arylamine/2-aminothiazole/2-aminobenzenethiazole with Meldrum's acid and trimethylorthoformate in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide at moderate temperature to afford 5-{(substituted aryl/4-methylthiazolyl/substituted benzothiazolyl)methylene}-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione. The resulting compounds upon cyclization in 1-butyl-3-methyl tetrafluoroborate/triflate at moderate temperature gave the title compounds in excellent yields.

PP-141: Synthesis of Hydroxysodalite from fly ash

Panmei Gaijon and Monika Datta* Department of Chemistry University of Delhi, Delhi, India

[email protected]

Production of fly ash has been increasing rapidly for the past 10 years from the coal based thermal power plant. With the increase in demand for electricity the production of fly ash increases. Therefore, there is need to develop methodology for the large scale utility of this waste. Framework aluminosilicates have been synthesized from fly ash using open hydrothermal process. As silica and alumina are the main constituents of fly ash less amount of heavy metal oxides in it. Fly ash was treated with alkali solution at mild temperature. The synthesized products were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM and BET techniques.

PP-142: The comparative energy consideration of the atomic term symbols of f4 & f 10 (m+3 ion) configuration

P. L. Meena*, P. K. Jain, N. Kumar and K. S. Meena

P.G.Department of Chemistry, M. L. V. Govt. P. G.College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

The term is a particular energy state and term symbol is a label to energy state .The importance of these term symbols has been emphasized in connection with the spectral and magnetic properties of complexes, metal free ions and also provide information about the energy of atomic electrons in orbital’s and Total spin, Total orbital, grand total momenta of whole atom and electronic configuration. Ressel-saunders (L-S) coupling and j-j coupling schemes are important schemes for determination of terms and term symbols of the atoms and ions of inner transition elements in which electrons are filled in a f sub-shell with azimuthal quantum number 3. The determination of terms and term symbols for fn configuration is very difficult work since there are seven orbital’s in f-sub shell which give large number of microstates. In this proposed work computation is done for calculating all possible terms and term symbols regarding for f4 & f 10 configurations without any long tabulation

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with mental exercise and a comparative study was carried out between the f4 & f 10 terms and term symbols. The possible microstates and spectroscopic terms calculated for f4 & f 10 configuration (ions M+3) are 1001and 47. These terms are quintets (5), triplets (9) and singlet’s (9).The ground state term for f4 & f 10 is 5I PP-143: Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photo oxygenation of quinine: A comparative study of photo oxygenation of quinine by singlet and ground state oxygen

Rekha Nagwanshi1, Manmohan Lal Satnami2, Pathanarif Ali Khan3 and Shubha Jain4*

1Govt. Madhav Science College UJJAIN, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India 2School of Studies in Chemistry, Pt. RavishankarShukla University, Raipur, C. G., India

3Post graduate and Research Centre, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India 4School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain, M. P., India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Photochemistry is the study of chemical effects produced by light radiation ranging from 200-800 nm wavelength. Quinine is an important alkaloid widely being used as an antimalarial and antipyretic agent. Benzophenone and methylene blue sensitized photooxygenation of quinine by uv light in presence of air gave different products. With benzophenone where oxygen is in the ground state it gave product 3 and with methylene blue where oxygen is in the excited state, it gave product 4. The photolysis of quinine was carried out by dissolving 2 gm substrate in 200 ml of dried and distilled alcohol. The solution was then irradiated by low pressure mercury vapour lamp in an immersion well photo reactor using sensitizer. Oxygen required for the photo oxygenation was passed through the solution using an aerator. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC in benzene. After completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the products were isolated, purified and then characterized by elemental and spectral analysis (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass). Quinine gave a hydroperoxide with benzophenone which then loses water to give a ketone while an endoperoxide was obtained with methylene blue sensitizer.

PP-144: A new flavone from Erythrinasuberosa, its biological screening

Pathan Mohd Arif Khan1*, Rasheeth Ahmed Khan2, Bhagwan Singh Dobhal3, Mazahar Farooqui4

and Ahmed Zaheer1 1Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad college, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

2Post Graduate & Research Department of Chemistry, The New College, Chennai, T. N., India 3Department of chemistry, Barwale College, Jalna, Maharashtra, India

4Department of chemistry, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria college for women, Navkhanda Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India [email protected]

New flavone (Z)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(isopentyloxy)-7-methoxy-6-(2-methylpent-1-en-1-yl)chromenylium chloridehas been isolated and screened for its antibacterial and anti-fungal activity from the flower extract of Erythrinasuberosa. Compound is isolated using column and identified using spectroscopic techniques mass, HNMR, IR and UV. Compound is found to be more active against E Coli which a gram negative organism having a zone diameter of 1 cm. PP-145: Effect of thickness on the optical and electrical properties of CdxZn1-xS vacuum

evaporated thin films

Pawan Kumar1, Aravind Kumar2 and T. P. Sharma3 1Department of Physics Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Physics Kalindi College, Delhi university, Delhi, India 3Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

The Binary II-VI groups semiconductor have shown a considerable technological promise for a wide variety of applications in solid State devices such as Infra-red detector, photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, nuclear radiation detectors and window for IR laser etc. We have prepared vacuumed CdZnS films deposited by the vacuum evaporation technique onto highly cleaned glass substrates under the vacuum of the order of 10-5 torr. The optical and electrical properties of these films have been studied. The band gap of these films is studied by absorption spectra in the wavelength range of 400-650nm.The films have a direct band gap, which varies from3.50ev for Zinc Sulphide to 2.44ev for Cadmium Sulphide.The electrical properties of CdZnS especially

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dark conductivity and photoconductivity at different temperatures have also been measured using a programmable digital electrometer. PP-146: Ecological importance of the forest stands in sub-Himalyan tracks of Garhwal

Himalaya

Peeush Singhal2, Ritu Singhal1*, Kapil K. Goel2 and Ashwani K. Jangra2 1Department of Biotechnology, Modern Institute of Technology, Dhalwala, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India [email protected]

To describe the ecological importance of species, community structure and families within study area, the present study was conducted in tracks of shiwalik Himalayan region of the Garhwal Himalaya. Having done the experimental approaches for studying forest stands, various analytic characters were determined and calculated. Species belong to Ulmaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Rosaceae, Combertaceae and Euphorbiaceae were most dominant, contributed primarily to the floristic composition of the canopy cover & many of their species were emergent into large canopy trees that accounted for much of the basal area recorded in the study area. The main vegetation type is a dry & wet deciduous forest described as rich in gregarious Holoptelea, Shorea & Mallotus spp. Re-growth and secondary forests are present in the lowlands, and very small areas of sub-montane forest are found on various summits of the different ridges. A few degraded forests occur locally in some of the most accessible areas.

PP-147: Simultaneous determination of manganese and iron in industrial wastes: Voltammetric and environmental studies

P. Sharma, K. Jodha* and Md. Raees

Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

It is rather difficult to determine ferric iron in presence of manganese due to more positive reduction potential of Fe+3 ion (Eº= +0.77 V vs NH3 ). Therefore a complexing medium of 0.1M triethanolamine in 0.1M Sodium hydroxide was used in present studies so as to that potential of complexed ferric ion may be measured alongwith manganese (Eps : Fe3+, -1.07; Mn2+, -0.55V vs SCE). It has enabled in development of a voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of iron and manganese in industrial waste samples with a detection limit of 0.03µg/ml. The presence of iron and manganese in waste waters might be due to set-up of a large number of metal industries in Jodhpur which might affect water quality parameters of this region in near future.

PP-148: Voltammetric trace determination of periodate in environmental samples

P. Sharma, K. Songara* and R. Bais

Electroanalytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, India [email protected]

A simple, rapid and sensitive differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method for determination of low concentration periodate in waste water samples is presented. It is based on the polarographic reduction of periodate ion in sodium hypochlorite medium. A linearity between 0.02µg/ml and 26µg/ml of periodate concentration was obtained with a correlation of coefficient ® of 0.99. Even compared to other conventional methods of periodate determination; this method is more specific and suitable due to simple sample preparation, no interference from major ions and low cost of instrumentation. The developed DPP procedure will be useful in water quality assessment and control laboratories where a continuous monitoring of oxyanions is mandatory.

PP-149: Purification and Characterization of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases from Arachis hypogaea

Mukesh Chand

Department of Chemistry D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected]

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An intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase was purified to homogeneity from the Arachis hypogaea L. plant with 104purification fold and % yield. The molecular mass and iso-electric point of the purified phosphatase enzyme were about 23.5kDa and 7.9 respectively. The optimum pH, temperature and time were about7.5, 30°C and 30-50 minute when using O-phospho-L-tyrosine as substrate. The protein displayed high stability in a pH 6.0-8.5 at 30°C and remarkably thermostable at 50°C. The purified PTPase enzyme showed high activity on O-phospho-L-tyrosine, a specific substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase. Although one peptide of the purified PTPase shared identity with Oxalate oxidase of Arachis hypogaea, its substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity indicate that the purified enzyme is a protein tyrosine phosphatase.

PP-150: Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced low density polyethylene

nanocomposites for suppression of electromagnetic radiation

Prabha Singh1, Trilok Kumar Pathak2, L. P.Purohit2 and R. P. Chauhan1 1NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

2Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

1Department of Physics, NIT, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites were prepared by solvent casting followed by compression molding technique. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of these composites was investigated in the frequency range of 12.4–18 GHz (Ku-band). The experimental results indicate that the EMI-SE of these composites is sensitive to the MWCNT loading. The average value of EMI-SE reaches 22.4 dB for 10 wt% MWCNT-LDPE composites, indicating the usefulness of this material for EMI shielding in the Ku-band. The main reason for improved SE has been attributed to significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of the composites by 20 orders of magnitude, i.e., from 10-20 for pure LDPE to 0.63 S/cm for MWCNT-LDPE, which is three order of magnitude higher than the previous reports for MWCNT-LDPE composites. Differential scanning calorimeter of the MWCNTLDPE composites showed around 37% improvement in the crystalline contents over pure LDPE samples which resulted into enhanced thermal stability of the composites. The thermal decomposition temperature of LDPE is shifted by 40oC on addition of 5 wt% MWCNT. The studies therefore show that these composite can be used as light weight, thermally stable EMI shielding, and antistatic material.

PP-151: Microgram determination of o-toluidine in acetone –water medium - A new method

Prabha Singh1, Tarun Kumar2 and Payal Rathi3

1Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. (P.G.) College, Muzaffarnagar, U. P., India 2Tula’s Institute of Engineering & Management, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-toluidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and spectroscopic studies, is methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of o-toluidine in the range 21.43 – 492.94 µg/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendell’s sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-152: Feasibility studies of biogas production from Jatropha de-oiled cake with a

modified floating dome anaerobic digester A. K. Sharma*, R. Mahajan and P. K. Sahoo,

University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected],[email protected]

In recent years, jatropha based biodiesel, a clean and renewable form of energy, has attracted considerable

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attention as a promising approach to substitute the conventional sources of energy and decentralized rural development in India. The method of utilization of jatropha seeds consumes only extracted vegetable oil for biodiesel production and renders a huge amount of de-oiled cake as a by-product which neither can be used for animal feeding nor can be used directly in agricultural farming due to its toxic nature. The present investigation is a part of the project titled “Establishment of jatropha de-oiled cake based biogas plant”, sponsored by Uttarakhand State Council for Science & Technology (UCOST). In the present studies, focus has been given on detail analysis and utilization of jatropha seed cake for biogas production and remaining sludge as organic manure. The experiment was conducted on a modified floating dome type digester of capacity 6 m3/day for 60 days. 50% of cattle dung and 50 % of jatropha de-oiled cake was mixed and fed daily for 60 days. The dilution ratio of the mixer with water was varied from 1: 3 to 1:4. The rate of biogas production was recorded two times a day at an interval of 12 hours by measuring the lift height of the drum. It was observed from analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake that 58.13%, 6.27%, 8.71%, 12%, 92.5%, 93.55% and 6.45% of crude proteins, crude fiber, neutral fiber, oil content, solids, volatile solid and non-volatile solids were present in the biomass respectively. During ultimate analysis of jatropha de-oiled cake it was found that carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen content of the de-oiled cake were 44.51%, 3.69% and 6.90% respectively, which was generally higher than that of cattle dung used for base line data. It was also observed that mixture of 30 kg cow dung and 30 kg jatropha de-oiled cake with 1:4 dilution ratio of water is able to produce biogas about 6 m3 per day at 30oC at optimum condition. Biogas produced from the mixer of 50% cattle dung and 50% jatropha de-oiled cake contains 60-65% and 30-40% of methane and carbon dioxide which was higher than the pure cattle dung based biogas. The sludge remaining after anaerobic digestion was analyzed as organic manure which had nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of 1.81%, 1.37% and 1.42% respectively.

PP-153: comparative study of copolymers of lactic acid based cured films on fungal degradation

R. K. Soni and Prachi Agarwal

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected]

Polyesters have recently become materials of considerable interest because of their potential biodegradability. There are two kinds of polyesters: aliphatic and aromatic and their biodegradability is completely different. Direct microbial or enzymatic attack of pure aromatic polyesters is not significant and quite insensitive to hydrolytic degradation while aliphatic polyesters are considered to be susceptible to microbial attack. In order to solve the problem of aromatic polyester nondegradability, aliphatic–aromatic copolyesters were made. In the present work, polycondensation approach was attempted to produce medium molecular weight copolymers (Copolymer1of lactic acid, terephthalic acid & ethylene glycol while Copolymer2 of lactic acid, maleic anhydride & propylene glycol). Synthesized copolymers were characterized for various properties such as acid value, hydroxyl value, number average molecular weight and spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized copolymers have been used for the development of films of different formulations and their fungal biodegradation was studied using different fungal species such as Trichoderma lignorum & Aspergillus niger. The extent of biodegradation was examined by weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The T. lignorum degraded both the copolymers i.e. 1&2 to a greater extent and maximum weight loss is observed in film degradation. PP-154: Evaluation of Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents in extracts

of Valeriana jatamansi exposed to variable light

Pradeep Babu1*, Satish K. Verma2 and Abhishek Mathur3

1Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Sai Institute of Paramedical & Allied Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

3Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

In the present study, polar and non polar solvent extracts of roots of Valeriana jatamansi were prepared by exposing each of the extracts in different conditions of variable light viz. sunlight, UV light and dark. The study was carried out to reveal the potent extracting solvent and the active constituents in the extracts. The results confirmed that the ethanol is the best solvent for extraction of phytoconstituents and determination of antimicrobial activity in dark/cold conditions. In the present study the results emphasized that the extracts exposed in dark/cold during preparation showed potent antimicrobial activity in comparison to the extracts

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exposed in UV and sunlight. It was observed that ethanolic and chloroform extracts prepared in dark were having presence of most of the phytoconstituents which were not found in their respective extracts exposed to variable light. These results thus interpret that dark conditions are much more beneficial for the positive screening of phytoconstituents. There might be some loss in phytoconstituents exposed to UV and sunlight.

PP-155: Efficient protocols to the hetero annulation of 5-oxadiazolyl substituted privileged Template of 1, 4-benzodiazepin-2-thione with medicinally potent thiazolidine

nucleus

Pragati Devi*, Aarti and Dharma Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

The search for novel compound libraries with potential biological activities is a major focus in research in the field of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Libraries developed based on small molecules of privileged structures have been of special interest in the discovery of novel medicinally potent agents. Due to the wide range of biological activities displayed by the privileged nucleus of 1, 4- benzodiazepines, this system has drawn considerable attention of chemists in the discovery of novel agents from this nucleus. The advent of anti- HIV activity in the imidazolo and pyridino annulated analogue of 1, 4- benzodiazepine and pyrido diazepine (TIBO, Nevirapine etc.) and anti-cancer activity in the antibiotics derived from pyrrolo [2, 1-c] [1, 4]-benzodiazepine nucleus has been hailed as a major step forward in the battle against HIV and cancer respectively. This provided an optimism to us, for the discovery of novel agents from the other tricyclic and tetracyclic heteroring annulated analogues of 1, 4-benzodiazepines. We report in this communication, efficient protocols to the rapid access of face ‘a’ thiazolidino annulated analogues of 1, 4- benzodiazepine containing an oxadiazole nucleus at 5-position in its molecule. An examination of the structure of 5-oxadiazolo substituted 1, 4- benzodiazepine-2-one (5) revealed that the C2 carbonyl function (which existed as a part of the –NH-C=O group) was the only site in its seven membered ring of this nucleus which provided scope for its functionalization and its subsequent elaboration to produce structural analogues of medicinal utility. We envisioned that presence of an azomethine function containing the SH group on its 2-position should have the potential to undergo reaction with a variety of bidentate reactants to furnish its face ‘a’ annulated analogues of medicinal interest. Application of this strategy on 6 with (i) ethyl chloroacetate (ii) chloroacetone (iii) 2-chlorocyclohexanone and (iv) N-benzyl-2-bromo-4-piperidone afforded the face ‘a’ thiazolidino annulated analogues 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively. The key intermediate (6) was obtained from 1 on the application of established literature protocols on it, in succession, to first form the 7-fluoro-1, 4-benzodiazepin-5-methyl carboxylate (2) from 7-fluoro-1-chloroacetylisatin and methanolic hexamine. Its ester group on reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded the acid hydrazide (3) whose reaction with CS2+KOH followed by treatment with HCl yielded the corresponding oxadiazole derivative (4). Compound 4 reacted smoothly with N, N-dimethylamino-2-ethylchloride in appending this motif on to the SH group of oxadiazole ring to give 5. Compound 6 had resulted from 5 on allowing it to react with Lawesson’s reagent. The products were tested for purity by tlc and characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1HNMR and MS data.

PP-156: Studies on the concentration of air pollutants and their impact on biochemical parameters of selected plant species around the city of Hardwar, uttarakhand, India

P. C. Joshi and Mahadev Semwal

Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Monthly analysis of respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM), suspended particulate matter (SPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was carried out at two selected sites viz. a polluted site with high vehicular density and a control site located within district Haridwar. Further studies on the impact of these pollutants on biochemical parameters of two selected plant species, Eucalyptus citridora and Holoptelea integrifolia were also carried out. The higher level of these air pollutants in the ambient air was mainly due to higher concentration of vehicles at polluted site. The concentration of SPM and RSM, when compared with the previous studies was found higher by 23.68 and 33.0 % respectively; similarly the concentration of SO2 and NO2 has increased by 65.67 and 68.84% respectively. A decrease in the concentration of Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and caratenoids was recorded in the leaf samples collected from polluted site thus

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impacting the loss of total productivity of the plant species. These results are based on continuous monitoring of air pollutants since 2003 to till date.

PP-157: Counterfeit (Fake) drugs & new technology to identify it in India

Kuldeep Singhal*, Pranav Gupta and Ashish Pandey

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

A counterfeit medicine is one which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity or source. Counterfeiting apply to both branded and generic product which include products with the wrong ingredients, without active ingredients, with insufficient active ingredients. According to WHO, 25% of medicines consumed in poor countries could be counterfeit or below standard.An estimate suggests that these drugs are a $200 billion industry worldwide. India could be an easy target for counterfeits, as the manufacturing costs is 40% cheaper here as compared to other countries. Deputy drug controller general of India says, counterfeit medicines often resemble the originals in chemical composition, but he thinks the biggest problem is in the packaging. A committee set up by the Indian Ministry of Health has approved a proposal to put 2D bar codes and scratch-off labels on medicines. The user scratches off the cover and tests what is underneath to a free phone number, to find out if a pill is real. Quick Response (QR) codes are also being tested. These printed squares are an advanced version of the 2D bar codes. Anyone with a camera-enabled phone and web access can scan the code and be taken instantly to the pharmacy company website to authenticate the drug. Hewlett-Packard is one of the company offering a solution, a cloud based platform called Global Authentication Service. This 2D bar code lets pharma companies track drugs through the supply chain. From 1October 2011, it will be mandatory for all pharma exporters to print bar codes on their tertiary or outer most packaging. PP-158: Research focused towards exploring the possibility of finding a substitute to

HAART in anti-HIV chemotherapy

Pratima Sharma, Manju Rani, Navjeet Kaur, Aastha Pareek and Dharma Kishore Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

The advent of the ‘highly active anti-retroviral therapy’ (HAART) regimens comprising of three or four US-FDA approved anti-retroviral drugs in a cocktail for the treatment of AIDS has been highly encouraging as it suppressed the viral load in patients, but rapidly emerging multidrug resistant HIV-1 viral strains and severe adverse effect from long term HAART medication has necessitated this therapy to be supplanted by additional newer agent to combat this disease. Highly encouraged by the treatment option which the HAART has provided, we reasoned that an even still better treatment option could possibly emerge by joining the two or more than two enzyme inhibitors , in a single molecule, by resorting to such synthetic endeavors which allowed these to unite together to become the part of the same molecule. The motivation to explore this treatment option derived its inspiration on this premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecular framework could contribute significantly to enhance the potency by providing an additive effect on the overall bio-efficacy in he resulting molecules. Inspired by the impressive anti-HIV profiles of benzo (pyrido) diazepines and FDA approved anti-HIV agent ‘etravirine’, our aim has been to develop a substitute to HAART by synthesizing 1, 5-benzodiazepine molecules which incorporated in them, the structural features of the vital fragments of etravirine. The synthesis in this direction proceeded by using the privileged template of 1, 5-benzodiazepine as a building block and incorporating on to it, at it 2-position the vital fragments of etravirine. In order for our synthetic plan to succeed to give the above 2-subsituted 1, 5 benzodiazepine derivatives, we required a good synthesis of 2-thiomethyl ether substituted analogue of face ‘c’ cyclohexano annulated 1, 5- benzodiazepine. An innovative protocol to the synthesis of this material emerged on exploring the potential of the ketene dithioacetal derivative of cyclohexanone, on its reaction with o-phenylenediamine. Nucleophilic development of 2-iminothiomethylether function with the vital fragments of etravirine such as p-aminobenzonitrile, 2, 6-dichloro-4-amino pyrimidine, 6-(p-cyanophenylamino)-2-chloro-4-amino pyrimidine etc. afforded the corresponding 2-substituted 1, 5-benzodiazepine analogues, in acceptable yields. The purity of the compounds was checked by TLC and their structure were established on the basis of their spectral data. The impact of the substitution of the 1, 5-benzodiazepine nucleus with the vital fragments of etraverine, on biological properties of the compounds are under study.

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PP-159: Green clouds: A new framework for goodput enhancement of cloud computing

Ashish Negi, Priti Dimri and Praveen Tiwari Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected],,[email protected], [email protected] Information Technology (IT) impacts repugnant on environment because of its large amount of vulnerable emission of gases. Recent days, the research area of "Green Computing" and low power consumption networking infrastructures is on new heights for both service/network providers and equipment manufacturers. Considering the area of Green computing which becomes increasingly important in the world with limited energy resources and an ever-rising demand for more computational power. In this paper a new framework is presented that provides efficient green enhancements within a scalable Cloud computing architecture. Using power-aware scheduling techniques, variable resource management and a minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency will be vastly improved in Cloud Computing. PP-160: Microwave-assisted synthesis of Coconut oil Rosin Based polymeric Surfactants

Pravin A. Dhakite1, B. B. Gogte2 and B. W. Phate3

1Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engg. Technology and Research, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, India

2Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Shankarprasad Agnihotri College of Engineering, Ramnagar, India 3Department of Applied Chemistry, Priyadarshini Indira Gandhi College of Engineering, Nagpur, India

[email protected]

The present work is aimed at studying the microwave synthesis of polymers based on coconut oil, rosin, and maleic anhydride. Various mole ratios, reaction temperatures, microwave power and time of reaction will be studied. The idea is to develop a polymer with higher acid value and with good surfactant characteristics. It is also plan to compare the result of conventional synthesis in glass reactor with microwave synthesis. This comparison will indicate the exact benefit of microwave synthesis as against the conventional method in terms of quality as well as the physico-chemical characteristics of the products. Various polymers prepared under different parameter will be thoroughly analyzed for Acid Value, Viscosity, HLB Ratio, Density, pH, IR Spectroscopy, NMR and Colour characteristics. The sample with desired HLB ratio viscosity and color will be selected and its properties will be compared with the conventionally synthesized polymer. The polymer by conventional method will also be prepared using conventional modes. This experiment will help us to identify those formulations which are comparable and better than polymer prepared by conventional method. As the process requires less time and less amount of raw material one can study various batches of varying parameters to yield a product best in all concern. The overall concept is to promote green chemistry for synthesis and utilization of polymer making environment free from pollution to some extent.

PP-161: Comparative study of diclofenac sodium microspheres prepared by different methods

Khulbe Preeti1* and Negi Deepak2

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Pharmaceutical science, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

The aim of this study is to compare the release of diclofenac sodium from controlled release microspheres prepared by different methods and different polymers. The different methods used are solvent evaporation method, multiple emulsion method, cross linking method and emulsion polymerization method by using ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, glutaraldehyde, chitosan, sodium alginate and albumin polymers. The prepared microspheres were evaluated on the bases of drug loading, entrapment efficiency and drug release. The results of microspheres prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation, multiple emulsion method, cross linking method and emulsion polymerization method were the maximum drug loading was 13.33%,15.45%, 20% and 10.72%, the maximum entrapment efficiency was 72%, 51%, 83% and 67% and the maximum drug release after 10 hrs was 80%, 96.32%, 69% and 98.7% respectively. So on the basis of these results it was concluded that for the preparation of diclofenac sodium microspheres cross linking method using glutaraldehyde and chitosan

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polymers, is the best method because it shows good drug loading , entrapment efficiency and controlled drug release. PP-162: Livestock, soil compaction and water infiltration rate as influenced by grazing

pressure in the temperate grassland of Kumaun Himalaya

Prem Prakash Department Of Botany, Govt. P. G. College, Dwarahat, Almora, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The effect of grazing pressure on productivity, bulk density and infiltration rate was studied on a natural pasture during 2009 in the temperate grasslands of Almora district. The influences of continuous, rotation and no grazing systems on soil compaction and water infiltration were assessed. The grazing regimes were: light grazing stocked at 0.6 animal-unit-months (AUM)/ha; heavy grazing stocked at 3.0 AUM/ha and a control with no grazing. Heavy to very heavy grazing pressure significantly reduced biomass amounts, ground vegetative cover, increased surface runoff and soil loss, and reduced infiltrability of the soil. Long-term grazing increased compaction of soils but only in the top 0 to 10 cm. Bulk density measurements showed that both moderate and heavy stocking densities had a significant impact. Reduction in infiltration rates was greater on soils which had been ploughed and exposed to very heavy trampling. It was observed that, for the same % vegetative cover, more soil loss occurred from plots on steep than gentle slopes, and that gentle slopes could withstand more grazing pressure without seriously affecting the ground biomass regeneration compared to steeper slopes. The average water infiltration was significantly less in the fall than in the spring for the heavy stocking rate but showed no seasonal effect for the moderate stocking rate. Thus, there is a need for developing 'slope-specific' grazing management schedules particularly in the highland ecozones rather than making blanket recommendations for all slopes. More research is needed to quantify annual biophysical changes, in order to assess cumulative long-term effects of grazing and trampling on vegetation, soil, and hydrology of grazing lands. Modeling such effects is essential for land use planning in these fragile temperate grasslands.

PP-163: 28-norlup-20(29)-ene-17b-yl acrylic acid Analogues as Cancer Chemo-preventive Agents

Prince Prashant2*, R. K. Roy1, Vipin K. Sharma2 and A. Chaudhary1

1Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Modinagar, U.P., India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FAMS, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Betulin and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes showing cytotoxicity towards a number of cancer cell lines. We have modified structures of betulin by simple transformation to betulinal and introduced acrylic group at C-28 position. This allowed us to achieve newer analogues which were further were characterized by using FT-IR, 1H-NMR analytical techniques. Among all the derivatives only few compounds were selected and evaluated for anticancer activity using ATT assay.

R

O

PP-164: Seasonal Dynamics in soil microbial biomass carbon and available nutrients in

a subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India

Namita Joshi and Priya Chaudhary* Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Soils are the substrate where living organisms interact with non living materials, the decomposition and

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mineralization processes by microorganisms and bacteria take place and other cycles of elements develop between soil and atmosphere. Soil microbial biomass contains important labile pools of C and mineral nutrients which are liberated after the death of microorganisms. Seasons influence microbial numbers and mass either directly by inducing microbial responses to soil changes or indirectly by influencing plant metabolism. The soil microbial biomass carbon was estimated in two regions of subtropical forest ecosystem, Uttarakhand, India to assess the influence of other soil variables and difference in forest regions on the seasonal variation in soil microbial biomass. Soil physico-chemical characteristics also have a great impact on microbial biomass and microbial activity and can be used to measure soil quality. Viable microorganisms, soil respiration, available N, Ca, Mg, Na, K and P contents were determined in soil samples collected in summer (May-August) and winter (December-March). A significant seasonal effect on the microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and available nutrients was detected in the soils studied. PP-165: Application of 2-carboxylic acid ester substituted Enolic Thioethers as versatile

intermediates in the synthesis of fused Heterocyclic Systems

Priyanka Chaudhary, Aarti, Pragati Devi and Dharma Kishore* Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

Ubiquity of 1,5-benzazepines (1,5-benzodiazepines, 1,5-benzothiazepines, 1,5-benzoxapines) and pyrimidine class of ‘privileged heterocyclic scaffolds’ in the chemical literature is undoubtedly a consequence of multifarious biological response which they elicit in combating a variety of body ailments. Recent demonstration that their derivatives (for example dipyridodiazepine derivative ‘Nevirapine’ and pyrimidine derivative ‘Etravirine’) can be used in the treatment and control of AIDS has stimulated further interest in these nuclei from yet another perspective. Greatly encouraged by the bioactive profiles of these heterocyclic scaffolds we intended to develop the potential bioactive molecules from these which incorporated into them the structural features of 1,5-benzazepines and pyrimidines in a single molecular framework , on this premise that their presence in tandem in the same molecule could contribute significantly to the biological activity in the resulting material by providing an additive effect on the overall potency in the molecules. Herein, in this communication, we report the preliminary results of our study which was carried out as a part of an ongoing endeavour to create ‘small novel molecules’ derived from the above ‘privileged heterocyclic scaffolds’ with anticipated biological activities, from easily accessible starting materials. An expedient protocol to the synthesis of the projected molecules 9,10,11,12, 13, 14 and 15 emerged on exploring the potential of the 2-carboxylic acid ester substituted enolic thioether intermediates derived from the corresponding 1,5-benzodiazepines nucleus (1),(scheme-1). It is known that enolic thioether group and the alkoxy group of an ester are highly activated for the nucleophilic attack. This feature of 1 was very elegantly exploited in the present work in the nucleophilic displacement of these with such bidentate nucleophiles as urea (2), thiourea (3), guanidine (4), acetamidine (5) (to give the face ‘b’ fused pyrimidine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines 9,10,11 and 12) and with o-phenylenediamine (6), o-aminothiophenol (7) and o-aminophenol (8) (to give the face ‘b’ 1,5-benzodiazepine, 1,5-benzothiazepine, 1,5-benzoxapine analogues of 1,5-benzodiazepines 13,14 and 15) respectively in good yield. Compound 1 which formed a key intermediate in this synthesis was in turn prepared from the reaction of oxoketene dithioacetal derived from diethyl malonate, with o-phenylenediamine. PP-166: Synthesis & Characterization of nano-porous copolymeric hydrogel for insulin

delivery

Yougesh Kumar* and Priyanka Tyagi Department of Zoology, D. A. V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India

[email protected]

Free radical polymerization technique was used to prepare nano-porous poly (HEMA-co-EGDMA) copolymeric hydrogels using 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) as monomer, different concentration of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking agent. Characterization of the synthesized nano-porous copolymeric hydrogel was carried out using standard techniques like FTIR, DSC, AFM, swelling studies etc. FTIR spectrum of hydrogels showed the absorption bands associated with -C=O stretching at 1714 cm-1, C-O-C stretching vibration at 1152 cm-1 and a broad band at 3500-3800 cm-1 corresponding to –OH stretching independent of EGDMA & water concentration used in polymerization mixture. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that hydrogels containing 67 % of water having the uneven pore distribution in the range of 3500-9000 nm, while hydrogel containing 7% of water did not showed measurable pores. In-vitro insulin release studies suggest that

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hydrogel with 27% of water had sustained release upto 120 minutes, while hydrogel with 47 & 67% water showed that nearly all the insulin released within 60 minutes. Animal studies suggest that hydrogel devices synthesized using 27% of water and filled with insulin (120 I.U.) were able to control the blood glucose level upto 3rd day of implantation.

PP-167: An ammended analogue of delavirdine explored for its use in anti-HIV chemotherapy

Rachna Mishra* and Dharma Kishore

Department of Chemistry, Banasthali-University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India [email protected]

Clinical evidence has demonstrated a limited long- term efficacy of the FDA approved anti-HIV agent delavirdine even in the combinations therapy [Highly active anti-retroviral therapy –HAART which comprises of three/four FDA approved anti-HIV drugs in combination], due to the emergence of drug resistant mutant of the virus. To circumvent this therapeutic difficulty a search for novel delavirdine analogues with enhanced activity/metabolic stability was pursued. One can discern the presence of two bioactive pharmacophores viz; the indole and the pyridine nucleus, as well as one sulphonamide group in the molecule of delavirdine. On this basis one can reason that the problem associated with the emergence of the viral strains resistant to delavirdine could possibly be circumvented by replacing this nucleus by such medicinally potent heterocyclic scaffolds which have the proven record of bioactivity profile in the literature. One such nucleus is pyrimidine which has been known to belong to a class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds whose numerous derivatives have been identified for their selective activities against a diverse array of biological targets. This provided an impetus to us to replace the pyridine scaffold of delavirdine with the pyrimidine nucleus by resorting to an innovative technique for its incorporation using a synthetically acceptable protocol.

NH

O

ON

O

O

RN

O

R

EtOOC

CH3

O

NO

R

EtOOC O

SMe

SMe

NO

R

EtOOC O SMe

N

N

CH3N

O

EtOOC NHN

N

N

O

CH3R

NO

EtOOC NHN

N

N

S

CH3

R

NO

EtOOC NHN

N

N

CH3

CH3

R

NO

EtOOC NHN

N

N

NH2

CH3

R

Urea

Thiourea

Acetamidine

Guanidine

Scheme-1

1 2(a-d)3(a-d)

4(a-d)

5(a-d)6(a-d)

7(a-d)

8(a-d)

9(a-d)

N

N

N O

N N R

R=a.

b.

c.

d.

NO

C NHN

N

N

O

CH3R

OHN

H3COC-HNO2S

NO

C NHN

N

N

S

CH3R

OHN

H3COC-HNO2S

NO

C NN

N

N

CH3

CH3R

OHN

H3COC-HNO2S

NO

C NN

N

N

NH2

CH3R

OHN

H3COC-HNO2S

Sulphacetamide

Sulphacetamide

Sulphacetamide

Sulphacetamide

Aceto aceticester CS2,CH3I

NaOEtNaOEt

10(a-d)

11(a-d)

12(a-d)

13(a-d)

NHN CH3

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PP-168: Removal of Cadmium from the Contaminated Soil by Phytoremediation Technology

Pushpendra1, R. P. Singh2 and S .N. Mishra3

1Department of Applied Sciences, AKGEC, Ghaziabad, U.P., India 2 Department of Physics, Dayanand PG College, Haryana, 3SCRIE & T., CCS University Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected] Phytoremediation is an environment friendly and green technology in which plants are used to clean up the pollutants from their surrounding. Six plant species, namly Raya (Brassica juncea), Toria (B. compastris), Oat (Avena sativa), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Bathua (Chenopodiun murale) and Rijhka (Medicago sativa) were grown in two types of cadmium spiked soils (soil-1, sandy loam soil and soil-2, sewage water irrigated soil). The pot study was conducted with five Cd levels, i. e, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg Cd Kg-1 soil. Root and shoot biomass of all the six species was investigated in both soils. The increased cadmium (Cd) concentration in soil results decreases in the yield of all the six species.

PP-169: Utility of national green tribunal act 2010 in Green Technology in India

Radheshyam Prasad

College of Legal Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Green Technology is that in which the technology is environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way that conserves natural resources and environment- more emphasis in the field of energy, alternate sources of energy, green building, environmentally preferred purchasing, green chemistry, green nanotechnology etc- India is a party to the decisions taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at Stockholm in June 1972, in which India participated, calling upon the states to take appropriate steps for protection and improvement of the human environment- During the Rio De Janeiro summit of United Nations Conference on environment and development in Jun 1992, India vowed the participating states to provide judicial and administrative remedies for the victims of the pollutant and other environment damage- carbon trading- Principle of polluter pays and sustainable development- concept of Absolute Liability- Bhopal MIC gas tragedy case and MC Mehta v. Union of India AIR 1987 SC 1086- leakage of oleum gas in Delhi case - Object of National Green Tribunal Act 2010 – A special fast track court to handle effectively and expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental issues - establishment of National Green Tribunal in New Delhi with four zonal branches at Kolkata, Pune, Chennai and Bhopal- Jurisdiction, powers and proceedings of the National Green tribunal-The Tribunal has jurisdiction over all civil cases where a substantial question relating to environment( including enforcement of any legal right relating to environment), is involved and such question arises out of the implementation of the enactment , settle such disputes and pass order thereon - Tribunal has also appellate jurisdiction against the order or decision passed by the appellate authority of the Water(Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1974, the Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, the Air(Prevention and Control of pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 etc.- power to pay relief or compensation in case of death, injury to any person or damage to any property or environment- Lavasa case- The Bombay High court has desired to refer the Lavasa related issue to National Green Tribunal – Thus the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 shall be protector of environment and also encourage the Green technology.

PP-170: Innovative Method for utilizing solar PV energy extracted from the sun by Dual mode operated single DC motor in series and separately excited

Rahat Ullah khan1 and Huma Arjumand2

1Department of Electrical Engineering, MBU, Himachal Pradesh, India 2Department of Basic Sciences, Ideal Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U.P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

In this paper we are presenting an innovative scheme with which we may be able to utilize the limited available solar energy up to its maximum efficiency. We are utilizing maximum available solar energy for the purpose of transportation. In view of this application, we focused on one of the method which is considered as innovative method, in which we proposed the dual mode of operation of single D.C. motor and also at regenerative braking mode as a generator too. In this technique it is proposed to run a DC series motor and converting it into D C

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separately excited mode and vice versa during running. This scheme is supposed to be ideal for maximum utilization of the limited available energy coming from sun for driving solar PV Cell based vehicles. The implication, basic concepts and limitations of this scheme are discussed. Also the modes of operations including analysis and operating conditions are also discussed. The simulation results are provided to validate the concept.

PP-171: Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of transition metal complexes of thalidomide derived ligand

Rahisuddin*, P. S. Nayab and Manu

Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India [email protected]

Thalidomide (α-(N-phthalimido)-glutarimide) has been extracted from marketed drug Thalix in methanol. Because it is more effective in the treatment of various cancers, therefore, its 2-(1-(3-(2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino)propyl)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione, ligand (L) was synthesized using thalidomide, 1,3-diiodopropane and diethylenetriamine in the presence of solid sodium hydride. The transition metal complexes of ligand (L) with Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) ions have also been synthesized. The progress of the reactions for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been monitored by TLC. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment measurements, infrared, UV-Vis. and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Molar conductance measurement values showed 1:1 electrolytic nature of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurement studies suggested square planar geometries of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal ions complexes.

PP-172: Synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of N-Pyridinyl substituted Phthalimide Ligand

Pattan Sirajuddin Nayab and Rahisuddin* Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

[email protected] A new N-pyridinyl substituted phthalimide ligand has been synthesized by the condensation reaction of phthalic anhydride with 2,6-diaminopyridine in glacial acetic acid in 2:1 molar ratio. The metal complexes of ligand with nickel(II), copper(II), palladium(II) and platinum(II) ions have also been prepared. The ligand and its metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, IR, UV-Vis. and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The progress of the reaction for the synthesis of ligand and its metal complexes has been monitored by TLC in different solvent systems. Molar conductance measurement values showed that the Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes of the ligand are 1:1 electrolytic nature. Electronic spectral study suggested square planar structure of Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) metal complexes. PP-173: Mentha piperita treated carbon (MTC) - a low cost adsorbent for the removal

of Pb (II) from aqueous solution

Rais Ahmad* and Shazia Haseeb Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University,

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected]

In the present study the mentha treated carbon (MTC) has been utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters like pH, contact time and ionic strength have been studied. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR in order to find the functional groups on the adsorbent. SEM studies were also carried out to find the surface morphology of the adsorbent. The equilibrium was attained in 180 mints. The maximum adsorption of Pb (II) was observed at pH 6. The adsorption isotherm studies shows that data is fitted well with Freundlich and Temkin isotherms model. The kinetics data shows that boundary layer diffusion is the rate controlling step for the adsorption process and it is dominant when Pb (II) ion concentration is higher. The adsorption of Pb (II) increases with the increase in the ionic strength of the solution. The positive value of ∆H0 indicates the reaction to be endothermic in nature. The activation energy was found to be 20.60 KJ/mol K indicating chemisorption.

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PP-174: Green Synthesis: Microwave assisted synthesis, spectral, thermal and XRD analysis of some transition metal complexes containing 2-amino-5-methylthiazole

moiety

A. P. Mishra* and Rajendra K. Jain Synthetic Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratories

Department of Chemistry, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University, Sagar, M. P., India [email protected]

Schiff base transition metal complexes have been useful for the newly emerging areas like microelectronics, semiconductor technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Metal complexes are being increasingly used in the field of material science as base precursors for generating new materials to be used in magnetic, thermal, optical, electrical and catalysis industry. Schiff base metal complexes have also been found to be important precursor for semiconducting materials. Some novel Schiff base metal complexes of Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) derived from 5-chlorosalicylidene-2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL1) and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene-2-amino-5-methylthiazole (HL2) have been synthesized by conventional as well as microwave methods. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, FAB-mass, molar conductance, electronic spectra, 1H-NMR, ESR, magnetic susceptibility, thermal, electrical conductivity and XRD analysis. The complexes exhibit coordination number 4 or 6. The complexes are coloured and stable in air. Analytical data revealed that all the complexes exhibited 1:1 (metal: ligand) ratio. IR data shows that the ligand coordinates with the metal ions in a tridentate manner. FAB-mass and thermal data show degradation pattern of the complexes. The thermal behavior of metal complexes shows that the hydrated complexes loses water molecules of hydration in the first step; followed by decomposition of ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The crystal system, lattice parameter, unit cell volume and number of molecules in unit cell in the lattice of complexes have been determined by XRD analysis. XRD patterns indicate crystalline nature for the complexes. The solid state electrical conductivity of the metal complexes has also been measured. Solid state electrical conductivity studies reflect semiconducting nature of the complexes.

PP-175: New method for nanogram determination of Mn(II) in water samples

Rajdeep Malik1, Payal Rathi2 and Reeta Kumari3 1Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Uttaranchal College of Science & Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 3R. K. Goel Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad, U. P., India

[email protected] The Mn(II) catalysed periodate oxidation of o-anisidine in acetone-water medium is first order with respect to catalyst, substrate and oxidant each. The progress of reaction was followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate. The main reaction product characterized on the basis of melting point and spectroscopic studies, is methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone. The effect of pH, dielectric constant of medium, ionic strength and free radical scavengers was studied to develop the conditions for microgram determination of Mn(II) in the range 5.5 – 527.4 ng/ml. The characteristics of various calibration curves, Sendell’s sensitivity, molar absorptivity, percentage recovery, effect of interferrants and correlation coefficient have been evaluated. An attempt has been made for proposing a suitable mechanism for the reaction studied. Thermodynamic parameters are also reported.

PP-176: Preparation and characterization of luminescent Eu(TPB)3.neocup

Rajesh Kumar, V. B.Taxak, J. K. Makrandi and S. P. Khatkar* Department of Chemistry Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[email protected] The complex Eu(TPB)3.neocup (where TPB = 4, 4, 4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1, 3-butanedione and neocup = neocuprione) was synthesized and characterized by infra red spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and energy dispersive analysis (EDX). This complex had regular shaped particles with size less than 1µm without any phase separation and on excitation at 382 nm emits

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bright red luminescence with main peak at 615 nm. The complex emitting red luminescence might be used to make the electroluminescent (EL) devices for display purposes.

PP-177: Investigative study on Mechanical properties of HA/HDPE/PEEK bio-

composites Polymers using Taguchi DOE

Rajesh Kumar Verma1*, K. K. Goswami1, Arpan Kr. Mandal2, Soumya Jyoti Chatterjee2 and Ravindra Singh Rana3

1Indian Institute of Carpet Technology, IICT Bhadohi, U. P., India 2National Institute of Technology, NIT Rourkela, Orissa, India

3Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, M. P., India [email protected]

The bone can be considered as a composite material, being made up of a collagen fiber matrix stiffened by hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2) crystals which consists 69% of the weight of the bone. The fractured bone is generally replaced by bio inert bone implants like Ti-Al alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys etc which have very high stiffness. It has been observed that the metallic fracture fixation devices and prosthetic limbs resulting stress shielding phenomenon. The ideal bone replacement material must have a modulus equal to that of bone. Composites of polymers and ceramic materials have been analyses to get the desired mechanical and biological properties as they are having lower modulus than metals but good tensile properties. PEEK, HDPE are having stiffness like bone and also poses good tensile properties are used as matrix materials and hydroxyapatite a bioactive ceramic material is used as the particulate reinforcement. Parts have been fabricated easily using conventional plastics processing techniques mixing followed by injection molding method. Taguchi design of experiment technique is used to get optimal process parameters for maximizing the mechanical properties. The experimental results show a good mechanical behavior.

PP-178: Status of Green Building in India

Rajni Chaudhary, Anjali Yadav and Ravina

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected]

Green building is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. Key benefits for the occupants include energy & water conservation, higher productivity levels, healthy living & recycling of effluents. Some of the green building projects in India include- Biodiversity Conservation India Ltd (BCIL) – Bangalore ITC Green Centre – Gurgaon Doon School – Dehradun Rajiv Gandhi International Airport – Hyderabad. The project recommends spotlight on residential green buildings for an accelerated growth. The green building can usher an era of environment sustainability and healthy living. By increasing construction of green buildings we can reduce environmental problems. In this poster we are going to discuss about the status of green buildings in India.

PP-179: Estimation of the Quality of Polluted Water for further use

Rama Mehta1, Kumar Garvit2, Vipin Kumar3, V. K. Dwivedi4 and Hari Om Goyal2 1National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

2NIT, Durgapur, W. B., India 3College of Engineering Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

4NIT Durgapur, W. B., India [email protected], [email protected]

The Earth has a limited supply of fresh water, stored in aquifers, surface water and the atmosphere. Oceans are also available for water, but the amount of energy needed to convert saline water to potable water is very high. According to Nature (2010), about 80% of the world's population (5.6 billion in 2011) live in areas with threats to water scarcity. Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, industrialized countries continue to struggle with pollution problems as well. Water pollution is the contamination of water

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bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. There are many forms of water pollution existing word-wide as Thermal pollution, Transport pollution, Domestic, Industrial, Agricultural, Non-point source, Point source, Construction site storm water, Urban runoff etc. All polluted water have different concentration of pollution. According to their concentration, it can be categorized in different stages of pollution band. Using soft computing techniques, the stages/quality of the polluted water has been estimated to reuse that water for different purposes. Over the last decade, soft computing techniques like Fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are increasingly used in water pollution studies. Furthermore, their computational speed in simulating and forecasting is very welcomed in real time operations. It is robust and flexible in managing real world complex systems involving uncertainty and imprecise data. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) provides a means of converting a linguistic control strategy based on operators’ knowledge into an automatic control strategy. An important feature of fuzzy set theory is the symmetry between the objective function and constraints. During this study, Input data of the network are composed by considering different types of pollution sources with their concentration range while output will be the quality range of polluted water. Input data are fuzzified with different degrees of membership. The models are developed for different sets of input data and output for quality of polluted water with different concentration to further use.

PP-180: WEEE Recycling: Impact on Life and the environment in India

Ramesh Chandra Bhartiand* and Pooja Vashishta Pacific University, India

[email protected], [email protected] Today with the rapid pace of technological transformation, WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) is becoming a prominently emerging challenge as well as business opportunity across the globe. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. E-waste can have an adverse impact on human life and the global environment due to its improper handling and the poor government legislation. In India, toxic-waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of its own e-waste but also because of the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. Because of poverty and inequality, lack of appropriate infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling, India is becoming a global dumping ground for the African and Asian Counties. The main aim of this paper is to review the current scenario of E-Scrap in India, like magnitude of the problem, health and environmental hazards, methodologies used for disposal and recycling, existing legal framework, involved organizations and the future perspective of the green Globe.

PP-181: Synthesis and characterization of some Macrocyclic Complexes

Ramesh Kumar1 and D. P. Singh2 1Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

2Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected]

A new series of macrocyclic complexes is synthesized by template condensation of malonyldihydrazide and acetylacetone in methanolic medium in the presence of trivalent metal salts forming complexes of the type: [M(C8H12N4O2)X] X 2 ; where M = Cr (III), Fe (III) and X = Cl-1, NO3

-1, CH3COO-1. The complexes have been characterized with the aid of magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductance measurements, electronic, infrared and far infrared spectral studies. On the basis of these studies, a five coordinate distorted square pyramidal geometry has been proposed for these complexes.

PP-182: Nano-materials toxicity

Ramya Sri and Shanthi Sri [email protected]

Nano-pollution is a generic name for all waste generated by nano devices or during the nano materials manufacturing process. This kind of waste may be very dangerous because of its size. It can float in the air and might easily penetrate animal and plant cells causing unknown effects. Most human-made nano particles do not appear in nature, so living organisms may not have appropriate means to deal with nano waste. To properly assess the health hazards of engineered nano particles the whole life cycle of these particles needs to be evaluated, including their fabrication, storage and distribution, application and potential abuse, and disposal.

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The impact on humans or the environment may vary at different stages of the life cycle. Environmental assessment is justified as nano particles present novel (new) environmental impacts. Scrinis raises concerns about nano-pollution, and argues that it is not currently possible to “precisely predict or control the ecological impacts of the release of these nano-products into the environment.” PP-183: Oxidation of Methyl Orange using hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkaline

medium- A kinetic study

Anjali Goel and Ranjana Bhatt* Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Reactive dyes are the largest single group of dyes used in the textile industry and have been selected for our study because refractory azo-dye compounds used in the texture industry are commonly detected in texture wastewater. In this study the reduction kinetics of methyl orange, one of azo-dyes, with hexacyanoferrate (III) in alkaline media at constant ionic strength and temperature has been studied spectrophotometrically. The results show that the reaction rates follow first order kinetics with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III), organic substrate, ionic strength, temperature and hydroxide ions concentration. The linear plots between log (-dc/dt) and µ suggest positive salt effect i.e. involvement of two similarly charged species in the rate determining effect. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated by studying the reactions at four different temperatures between 400

to 550 under pseudo order conditions large value of energy of activation suggests the chemical degradation of methyl orange by hexacyanoferrate (III) ions with a small reaction rate. 1:1 stoicheometry between hexacyanoferrate (III) and methyl orange was determined volumetrically by cerium (IV) sulphate using ferroin indicator.

PP-184: Air borne aerosol: biological characterization over a semiarid region in India

Ranjit Kumar1, J. N. Srivastava2, Mamta2 and G. P. Satsangi2

1Department of Chemistry, Technical College, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected]

Air contains tiny organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycotoxins and viruses. Exposures to bioaerosols are associated with a wide range of health effects with major public health impact, including infectious diseases, acute toxic effects, allergies and cancer. Despite the recognition of the importance of bioaerosol exposure on human health, there is relatively lack on the study of bioaerosol. The present study deals with biological characterization of aerosol at a suburban site over semiarid region in India. Biological colonies in fine and coarse particles are in the reported range. The analysis also evaluated the potential effect that meteorological conditions had on the bioaerosol concentration with respect to environment and season.

PP-185: A DFT Study of the conformational behavior and vibrational spectra of the

unsymmetrical Quadridentate Schiff base Ligand

Reena Dwivedi and Prabhakar Sharma School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P., India

[email protected], [email protected] Conformational behavior of N”-[1-(5-chloro-2hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-N”’-[(1-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl) ethylidene] carbohydrazide molecule is reported. Molecule has been studied employing the technique of density function theory. Three main conformers arising due to rotation of one of the benzene ring about C-C single bond has been predicted. The s-trans conformer with –OH groups trans to each other was found to be of lowest energy while s-cis conformer was found to be of highest energy. The gauche conformer with one benzene ring almost perpendicular to the plane of the molecule was found to be of intermediate energy. The s-cis and s-trans energy difference was found to be 257.27 kcal mol-1. Complete geometry of the s-trans conformer its vibrational frequencies along with their assignments is reported. Nature of frontier molecular orbitals has been discussed and band gap has been calculated.

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PP-186: Antimicrobial potential of root extracts of Viola Patrinii against Pathogens

Rita Kashyap1*, R. K. Bachetti2 and Abhishek Mathur1

1Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions, DBGI, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of solvent extracts of roots of Viola patrinii against both bacteria and fungi using the well diffusion method. The extract showed significant antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against these bacteria ranged from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The antifungal activities were found against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisae. The studies thus emphasized the isolation and characterization of potent molecule for the formulation and preparation of antimicrobial drug in the nearby future.

PP-187: Air Pollution

Renu Singh,

Rajendra Mishra College, Saharsa, Bihar, India [email protected]

Air is the life line of the planet we live in. Air supplies us oxygen which is essential for every living being. Air consists of 99.9% Nitrogen, Oxygen, CO2, Water vapor and inert gases. The introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment is broadly called Air Pollution. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on our Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystem. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. So I Will be discussing broadly on…Pollutants & Different sources(Including Indoor & Outdoor). Atmospheric dispersion. Environmental impacts of greenhouse gas pollutants. Health Effects Reduction efforts Legal regulations Governing Urban Air Pollution with Few Examples.Recent Development in Air Pollution policy.

PP-188: Cadmium concentration in hair and its correlation with hypertension in

environmentally polluted areas

Rita Mehra* and Amit Singh Thakur

Acoustic and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Cadmium is a toxic and non-essential element not required by humans. Cd exposure is the cause of hypertension, emphysema. Kidney and liver damage are some of the diseases which a human may suffer from on account of cadmium exposure. Cadmium pollution in environment and increasing number of patients with complaint of hypertension are major problems in recent times. A survey of cadmium polluted areas was done and sites of cadmium exposure were selected. Thirty subjects with problem of hypertension and thirty controls were selected and their head hair samples were collected personally from 1 cm distance from the scalp. Hair samples were decontaminated and acid digested following standard techniques and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ECIL Model-AAS4141 for cadmium concentration. The significant levels of cadmium have been computed by student ‘t’ test in between subjects suffering from hypertension and their respective controls. Results obtained were compared with the controls and significant difference was reported. It is concluded that cadmium concentration in hair can be correlated with hypertension in humans. Negative correlation of cadmium concentration with iron and zinc concentration was also reported in hair at P<0.005.

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PP-189: New amperometric methods for trace determination of Ru(iii) and Ir(iii)

Ritu Langyan and S. P. Khatkar

Department of Chemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India [email protected]

There are various techniques for estimation of Ru(III) and Ir(III) metals, out of them amperometry is one of the economic technique. Many sulphur containing organic ligands have been used in amperometry for the trace determination of metal ions. Amperometric titration has also been used in past for trace determination of these metals with different ligands like ethanethioic acid, 2-mercapto and 3-mercaptopropanoic acid. In the present study, amperometric determination of Ru(III) was carried out with Thioglycolic acid(TGA) and of Ir(III) was carried out with thiomalic acid. Thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2-COOH) and thiomalic acid {SH-CH-(COOH)(CH2-COOH)} have often been used as complexing agent and analytical reagent. These acids have been employed as a ligand because they have strong tendency to enter into coordination with most of the metal ions due to presence of hard ‘O’ atom and soft ‘S’ atom. Their susceptibility to oxidation by some metal ions and polarographic activity resulting in the appearance of one-electron anodic wave due to oxidation of –SH group at d.m.e. Thioglycolic acid has also been used in grafting onto silica gel, preparation and characterization of glass embedding, as a potentiometric sensors and in synthesizing nanorods and nanosheets. The present work was undertaken with a view to extend the use of these ligands for the amperometric determination of Ru(III) and Ir(III) in traces at d.m.e.. We have employed 2.5M NaCl in 7% acetic acid medium for Ru(III) and 0.4M NaClO4 medium for Ir(III). The fundamental basis of the titration of Ru(III) with TGA was the gradual compensation of the anodic current of TGA by the cathodic current of Ru(III) and complexation of metal and ligand was the basis of Ir(III) and TSH titrations. Metal species-ligand stoichiometry obtained was 1:0.64 for Ru(III) and 1:1 for Ir(III). 2.53ppm Ru(III) and 4.80ppm Ir(III) were estimated with high degree of accuracy. Maximum error (±2%) was encountered in the case of most dilute solution. Study of interference of foreign ions were also studied. Non-interfering species did not interfere even when present simultaneously in the cell solution. The methods give reproducibility with standard deviation of 0.05 only. The techniques have the added advantages for the developing country like India in being relatively quick, cheap and simple.

PP-190: Plastics in Electronic components and their recycling

Paresh R. Mishra1, Santosh R. Mishra2 and Rammanohar A. Mishra3

1Electrical Engineering Departments, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, Maharastra, India

2Electrical Engineering Departments, Yashawantarao Chavhan College Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra, India

3 Department of Electronics, Amolakchand Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal, India [email protected]

Plastics have made an enormous contribution in the evolution of the information age- the internet, satellite communication, a global network of an insulated cables and home computers. All these applications have plastics as an integral part of their design. As these systems advance, the role of plastics in electrical and electronic application become more essential as they help in balancing economic and environmental needs with design and specifications requirements. A unique combination of properties has made plastics an invaluable material across the diverse range of electrical and electronic components & equipments whatever the size, shape, or application of the product be. This paper deals with the applications of plastic material based technology and various features and strategies regarding the same. The post use of plastics products and electronics components is explained in the paper. The recovery of E&E goods at the end of life and the methods used to reduce the impact of plastics on the environment is discussed in the paper. The flexibility, strength and compatibility of plastics with E&E products is enabling technology to evolve and have proved to be cost effective solution for material. The plastics plays an indispensable role, it is require to adopt a flexible approach to waste management. There should be an eco-efficient combination of options fitting with the reality of local conditions. An attempt should be made to maximize the recovery of wastes value and ensure a rapid diversion of these waste streams.

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PP-191: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial screening of diorganotin(IV) complexes with N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine

Garima Matela1*, Robina Aman1, Chetan Sharma2 and Smita Chaudhary3

1Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, S. S. J.Campus Almora, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

3Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India [email protected]

Schiff Bases are very significant as ligands in metal-coordination chemistry as they form stable complexes with most of transition metals. The organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have received notable attention in view of their structural chemistry and remarkable biological activities. Regarding this, the conformation and geometry and biological activity of several organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases have been investigated. In the present study, the diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene) glycine were synthesized by reacting of various diorganotin(IV)chloride with the ligand, with the aid of sodium iso-propoxide in appropriate stiochiometric ratios. An attempt has been made to prove the structure of the resulting complexes on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The binding site of the ligand was identified by IR spectroscopic measurement. All the complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and two Gram-negative bacteria namely, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the complexes were also exhibit remarkable antifungal activity against three pathogenic fungi namely, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicillium sp.

PP-192: A correlation and regression study of the Physico-chemical properties of ground water

Ruchi Mathur1*, Anju Sharma2 and Shobha Sharma1

1Department of Chemistry, J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India 2Govt. P.G. College, Nagaur, Maharastra, India

[email protected]

Water is a nature’s most wonderful abundant and a useful component in our life. The quality of water is of vital concern for mankind as it is directly linked with human welfare. The samples of different locations of pali district of Rajasthan were collected before and after rainy seasons. Total ten parameters were analyzed. Physico-chemical characteristics of ground waters samples from four sources, viz. ground water, tap water, flowing water and natural water were assessed for pH, alkalinty, Total dissolved solids, hardness, conductivity, chloride, fluoride and nitrate. The results were compared with the values stipulated by World health organization, Indian council of medical research and Bureau of Indian standards for drinking water quality. Some parameters were within the permissible limit and some are beyond the permissible limit of the drinking water standards. The corelation and regression coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment. In correlation analysis positive correlation is observed between certain parameters. Assumption based on statistical analysis is that high concentrations of fluoride, calcium ion, total hardness and total dissolved solids are due to the fluoride dissolution activity of flourite mineral, which may be found in granite and pegmatite. The various parameters signify that immediate attention should be given to prevent pollution and keep the various parameters in their desirable limits. PP-193: Quantitative structure activity relationship analysis studies on 2, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues as potent anti-pneumocystis agents using multivariate statistical

techniques

Ruchi Mishra*, Ankita Agarwal and Sarvesh Paliwal Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on 44, 2, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by molecular descriptors calculated using the QSAR software TSAR (version 3.3) and accelerys discovery studio (version 2.0). The multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least square (PLS) models for, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues

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generated comparable models with good predictive ability and all other statistical values, such as r, r2, r2cv, r2

(test set) F and S values were 0.931, 0.867, 0.832, 0.873, 56.548 and 0.212 respectively for MLR and r2, r2cv, r2

(test set) and statistical significance values were 0.867, 0.844, 0.873, 0.991 respectively for PLS, were satisfactory. The results obtained from this study indicate the importance of Balaban Topological index (whole molecule), First Atom E-state index (subst.1) and Number of H-bond Donors (subst.1) in determining the affinities of 2, 4-diamino-8-deazafolate analogues. These investigations will further help in rationalizing the design of compounds against Pneumocystis crainii pneumonia (PCP).

PP-194: New phytoconstituents from stem bark of Mangifera indica (L.)

Ruchi Singh1* and A. N. Garg2

1Department of Oriental Studies, Dev Sanskrit University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Amity University, Noida, U. P., India

[email protected], [email protected]

Mangifera indica, commonly called Mango or Amra belongs to a family of Anacardiaceae. The plant is used as antiasthamatic, antiseptic, antiviral, emetic, expectorant and laxative. It is cultivated in the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years from where it traveled to East Asia between the 5th-4th century BC. Later by the 10th century AD it was transported to East Africa and subsequently to Brazil, West Indies and Mexico. It is an important medicinal plant used in various Ayurvedic preparations. Scientific investigations have shown that the mango triterpene, lupeol is an effective inhibitor in laboratory models of prostate and skin cancers. Extract of its branch bark in water contains numerous polyphenols with anti-oxidant properties. Mango wood is used in yagya as base fire through which medicated smoke is produced. Extract of mango leaves are astringent, cooling, antiemetic and useful in hyperacidity, burning sensation, dysentery and fever. The ash of leaves is used for wound healing properties in burns and scalds. The leaves of mango are kept in the kalash during puja rituals and are known as leaves of deity’s seat. Flowers of mango are acrid, and are useful in diarrhoea and anaemia. In Fiji, fresh mango kernels are consumed as a cure for dysentery and asthma, while mango juice is used as a nose drop for sinus trouble. In India, dry seed powder is applied to the head to remove dandruff. It is also applied as an ant diarrheal agent. Kernel starch is eaten as a famine food, while hot water extracts of kernel are administered as anthelmintics, laxatives and tonics. We have isolated three new compounds from alcoholic and hexane extracts. 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and mono (2-ethylhexyl)ester 9,12-tetradecadiene-1-ol-acetate were separated from the hexane extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica. On the other hand alcoholic extract 3-chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl) propanamide. These were first identified by thin layer chromatography and later separated in a silica gel column. All the compounds gave characteristic infrared bands corresponding to functional groups. The structures were elucidated by GC-MS fragmentation pattern after comparing the data with NIST mass spectral data base.

PP-195: A convolution structure for Eigenfunction Transform

S. R. Verma Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Translation and convolution associated with Eigenfunction transform, studied by Zemanian, are defined and certain boundedness and continuity results are obtained. Convolution of a distribution and a test function, and that of two distributions are defined and their properties are investigated.

PP-196: ZnO nanoparticles: A potential candidate for removal of dyes from waste

water

Saif Ali Chaudhry Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

[email protected] Approximately 10% of the annual global production of dyes is discharged as effluent, mainly by paint and textile industries. Majority of these dyes are toxic and even some dyes are carcinogenic and cause damage not only to aquatic life but also to the humans being. Photosynthesis in aquatic life is also reduced due to inhibition

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of sunlight penetration. WHO and other environmental organizations have adopted some hard measures to reduce the water and air pollutions. Due to these environmental legislations, industrial units are forced to treat dye bearing effluents before discharging into water streams. Most of the commercial dyes are of synthetic origin having complex aromatic structures which make them stable against photo degradation and oxidation. As a result, removal of colour from wastewaters becomes difficult by conventional techniques, such as aerobic digestion. Current research is now focused on the removal of dyes from effluent using the adsorption technique, involving low cost and less sophisticated instrumentation, which does not generate a huge amount of sludge or harmful substances. Activated carbon is the most efficient and popular choice of adsorbents but the high cost and huge requirement restrict its use in many countries including India. Thus, there is much interest in the development of new adsorbents for the treatment of biological and industrial wastes. Due to the low adsorption capacity of these materials, a huge amount is required; hence, highly effective adsorbents are needed. Nanotechnology is the new emerging field and particles are very small with large surface area and high charge, these particles are used as adsorbents for the removal of dyes. In our lab we have synthesized ZnO nanoparticles; these are used for the removal of rhodamine B, a xanthine dye, used in the textile, printing, and paint industries from water. We have investigated different isotherms and kinetic model, effect of different physical parameters involved in the process to understand the probable mechanism of the dye-adsorbent interaction.

PP-197: A new approach towards solar lighting system (Green Energy)

Sajen Soman Sudharsan engineering college, Sathiyamangalam, pudukkottai, India

[email protected]

Electric lighting is the greatest consumer of electricity which accounts almost quarter of the total energy consumed in commercial buildings and the generation of this electricity by conventional power plants is the building sectors most significant cause of air pollution. The usage of sunlight for illumination can help to conserve electricity in proportion to the amount of sunlight available. This paper describes a new approach to reduce energy consumption of lighting system by improving the solar lighting efficiency in buildings through hybrid solar lighting system. Hybrid solar lighting system combines the use of passive solar lighting along with electrical lighting(Ultra bright LED lamp) which works on solar batteries for interior illumination in buildings by collecting direct sunlight using collector ,channeling it through optical fiber bundles and scattering it using luminaries ,will alleviate many of the problems with lighting systems of today, such as lighting of unelectrified rural areas, energy consumption and cost for lighting in commercial buildings ,human healthy lighting systems, losses by using electric lighting ,threat of power cut .So that when there is enough sun light, there is no electricity used to power the bulbs .On a not-so-sunny day, the electricity generated by solar energy is used to light the bulbs thus achieving the “Ultimate Green Technology”.

PP-198: Alteration of resting period of Pollen of five cultivars of Apocynaceae by Vitamin B2

S. A. Salgare

Salgare Research Foundation Pvt. Ltd., Prathamesh Society, Shivaji Chowk, Karjat, Maharashtra, India [email protected], [email protected]

Pollen of successive flowers (viz. F, F-24, F-48, F-72 series i.e. open flowers and the flower buds which require 24, 48, 72 hours to open respectively) of 5 cultivars of Apocynaceae e.g. red-, pink- and white-flowered cultivars of Nerium odorum Soland. and pink- and white-flowered cultivars of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. were collected at the stage of the dehiscence of anthers in the open flowers. Germination of pollen grains of successive flowers was studied by standing-drop technique in the optimum concentrations of sucrose as well as in the optimum concentrations of sucrose supplemented with the optimum concentrations of the vitamin (vitamin B2). The rate of pollen germination of successive flowers was determined by fixing the cultures at one hour intervals. Such preparations were continued for 10 hours. Observations on the germination of pollen were recorded 24 hours after incubation. Potentiality of pollen germinability was recorded in F series of all the 5 cultivars of Apocynaceae studied. It was the pollen of F-24 series of red-flowered cultivar of Nerium odorum and both the cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were found germinated in the optimum concentrations of sucrose. It should be pointed out that the pollen of F-48 and F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of C. roseus showed their germination in the optimum concentrations of sucrose. Thus the potentiality of pollen germinability in Apocynaceae was observed in 10 out of 20 series investigated. Germination of pollen of F-72 series of pink-flowered cultivar of Catharanthus roseus in vitro culture of sucrose was noted in the present investigation.

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Vitamin B2 altered the resting period of pollen of 6 series and failed in 4 series of Apocynaceae. The vitamin extended the resting period of pollen of 2 series. In Catharanthus roseus besides pollen grains which produced single pollen tube, it has also been noticed. Pollen tubes are branched quite frequently. PP-199: Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activity of 2, 3-(4-sulphonamidobenz)-1-

oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8, 10-triones

Sandip B.Ghodile1, P. K. Gaidhane2 and P. T. Kosankar3

1Department of Applied Chemistry, Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering and Technology and Research Sawangi, Wardha, Maharastra, India

2Department of Applied Chemistry, Govindrao Wanjari College of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, Maharastra, India

3Department of Applied Chemistry, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharastra, India [email protected]

With the aim of developing potential antimicrobials 2,3-(4/-sulphonamidobenz)-1-oxo-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7-aryl-4, 7, 9-triaza-/ 7, 9-diaryl-4, 7, 9-triaza spiro [4, 5] deca-6, 8, 10-triones were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, H NMR, Elemental analysis and Mass Spectroscopy. In addition, their antibacterial activity was studied against two different strains of Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebisilla aerogens and Gram-positive Staphyllococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida albicans, Asperigillus niger by agar plate method.

PP-200: Synthesis of Biological active heterocyclic derivative of Ciprofloxacin

Sandeep Singh, M. P. Dobhal and Y. C. Joshi Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Heterocyclic compounds constitute an important class of versatile organic compounds that are widespread in the nature and are well recognized for their various pharmacological and biological properties. Variety of Heterocycles (β-diketone, diazepines, thiazepines etc.) derived from ciprofloxacin posses large number of medicinal utility i.e. antiviral, corticosteroid, cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic and chondrotoxic effect. Structures of obtained compounds were assigned on the basis is of spectral analysis (1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR).

NN

N

F C O O H

O

SO

OH 2 N

NN

N

F C O O H

O

SO

ONN

O

O

R 2

R 1

NNN

F C O O HO

SO

ONN

N

NR 2

R 1NN

N

F C O O HO

SO

ONN

S

NR 2

R 1

N H 2H 2 NN H 2H S

O

O

R 1

R 2

R 1 = C H 3 , C 6 H 5

R 1 = R 2 = C H 3

R 1 = R 2 = C 6 H 5

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PP-201: Waste water management by using natural waste

Sangeeta Singla1 and Tushar Singla2 1Dronacharya college of Engineering Gurgaon, Haryana, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, GKV, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Industrial and municipal waste water frequently contain metal ions. These metal ions, when present in sufficient quantity, can be harmful to aquatic life and human health. Current methods for such wastewater treatment include precipitation, coagulation/, sedimentation, flotation, filtration, membrane process, electrochemical techniques, ion exchange, biological process, and chemical reaction. Each method has its merits and limitations in application. The adsorption process with activated carbon is attracted by many scientists because of the effectiveness for the removal of heavy metal ion at trace quantities. But the process has not been used extensively for its high cost. For that reason, the use of low cost materials as sorbent for metal removal from wastewater has been highlighted. More recently, great effort has been contributed to develop new adsorbents and improve existing adsorbents like granular activated carbon, other adsorbents such as iron oxide coated sand, porous cellulose carrier modified with polyethyleneimine, iron coat granular activated carbon, modified chitosan etc. Scientists are making use of the natural wastes like coffee grounds, tea leaves, Rice straw, soybean hulls etc for heavy metal adsorption. We would also like to work on this, using materials like cotton, walnut waste, peanut skins, sugar cane waste and onion skin, apple waste, wool fibre, green algae and rice hull, bark and other cellulosic material, Cottonseed hulls, linseed flax straw because of their low cost, high availability of these materials, and no need for complicated regeneration process. This method is attracting more and more Scientists and Engineers.

PP-202: Synthesis of some novel Thiazolyl substituted Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles fused pyrimidin-diones of medicinal interest

Sarita, Pragati Sharma, Iram Khan and Bhawani Singh

Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India [email protected], [email protected]

Pyrimidines have been reported as anti-viral, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents. Pyrazole and isoxazole nucleus plays an important role in medicinal chemistry as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, anthelmintic, antitubercular agent. Thiazolyl substituted barbituric acids (1a-b) were treated with CS2/MeS to form oxoketenedithioacetals (2a-b). The five-membered heterocyclic ring systems i.e. pyrazoles (3a-b) and isoxazoles (4a-d) were synthesized from (2a-b) with the reaction of hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrazines respectively. All the compounds characterized by IR, HNMR and MS spectral data.

PP-203: Integrating formal & informal sector of e-waste management

Sandeep Singla1* and Manjeet Bansal2

1Department of Civil Engineering, RIMT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India

2Department of Civil Engineering, Giani Zail Singh College of Engineering and Technology, Bathinda, Punjab, India

[email protected] In this paper the authors will present options for e-waste management in India. These options are being developed, implemented and evaluated in the framework of different Indian bilaterally financed studies focusing on Delhi, Bangalore, Pune and Kolkata. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world. According to a recent study about 380,000 tons of e-waste are generated annually in India and the generation of e-waste has touched 470,000 tons in 2011. The study also reveals that only about 6 percent of the e-waste is recycled, of which 95 percent is recycled through the informal sector. E-waste recycling in the informal sector provides jobs to thousands of people and supports the formal waste management agencies like municipalities. Investigations showed that the existence of an informal but entrepreneurial SME based infrastructure permits a profitable e-waste management business. At the same time, the informal sector is lacking skills and technologies, and manages hazardous material without any regard to occupational health and safety requirements and in an environmental harmful manner. It is observed that with rising e-waste quantities

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the recycling scenario is changing, with the formal recyclers increasingly entering the e-waste recycling sector. There is a widespread expectation that these formal sector recyclers would be able to manage e-waste in an environmentally sound manner by using Best Available Technologies (BAT) leading to better environment management and enhanced resource recovery. However, it is not clear whether the advent of formal recycling would come at the expense of informal sector recyclers or would complement their activities. In this paper, we present the integration of the informal and the formal sectors in India. We show that there are mutual gains to be obtained from an increased cooperation between the formal and informal sector because of their competitive advantages. Social welfare is enhanced through this interaction. It furthermore leads to reduced pollution, better resource management and creation of green jobs in the recycling sector. The outcomes of the investigation suggest that the collection, segregation and primary dismantling of non-hazardous fractions of e-waste should be focused in the informal sector while the other higher order recycling processes may be concentrated in the formal sector.

PP-204: Going green: Lower the environmental impact of computing

Nitin Arora*, Satendra Kumar, Vishal Gupta and Jayveer Singh Farswan Department of Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], satendrakumar22@ gmail.com, [email protected], [email protected] The computer industry impacts the environment during the manufacturing, delivery, operation and end-of-life of its devices. Today’s PCs are far more powerful than the earliest room-filling computers. They also use less electricity. Arguably the first general-purpose computer, ENIAC drew roughly 150,000 watts of electricity. By comparison, today’s PCs consume about 110 watts. That seems small. But there was only one ENIAC - and there are 850 million PCs in use today. 850 million PCs consume an immense amount of electricity. Most of it is provided by burning fossil fuels. This process emits pollutants, sulfur, and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These emissions cause respiratory disease, smog, acid rain, and global climate change. From the largest scale—the earth—to the smallest scale of a classroom or an office, the environmental impact of today’s PC architecture is a huge and growing problem. Unfortunately, the impact is largely unaddressed and often unrecognized. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them. Electronic waste is a large and growing problem throughout the world. Tens of millions of PCs are disposed of in landfills and garbage dumps around the world contaminating the soil with toxic e-waste substances like mercury and cadmium. In this paper we discussed major issues of “Green Computing” related to the use of computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing viability and ensuring social duties. We also discussed what motivates organizations to go green, and what IT’s role in that changes.

PP-205: Dynamic password authentication: A novel approach for user authentication in

cloud computing

Randeep Kaur Chhabra1*, Saurabh Sharma1, Ashok Verma1 and Ajay Lala2 1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur,

Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Information Technology, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology & Sciences, Jabalpur, Madhya

Pradesh, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Cloud computing as defined by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is model which enables the convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., servers , services, applications, networks, storage, and networks,). With cloud computing, you eliminate those headaches because you’re not managing hardware and software—that’s the responsibility of an experienced vendor. There are big security concerns when using cloud services. In cloud computing security is very important since people and companies store confidential data in the cloud. Security is one of the major issues which reduces the growth of cloud computing and complications with data privacy and data protection continue to plague the market. The authentication of users in smart environments is the key factors in the security. But the increasing number of reported security vulnerabilities exploiting the weaknesses of static password based authentication methods, and the significant financial/brand loss caused to the enterprises. Due to those vulnerabilities, the traditional static password based authentication solutions are no longer an adequate protection mechanism for serious enterprise applications. So, there is increase demand of robust, secure, multi-factor, dynamic onetime password based

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authentication technologies into their IT infrastructure. In this paper, we have proposed two methods in which dynamic password technique is used for user authentication.

PP-206: In vitro study of the Antimicrobial activit y of Antibiotics against food and water borne Pathogens

Saurabhh Jain* and Pushpa Bogra

Department of Biotechnology, Seth Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Radaur, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana, India

[email protected]

Food contamination is an ongoing public concern. There are three main types of food contaminants: microbiological, chemical and physical but the vast majority of outbreaks of food-related illness are due to microbial pathogens rather than chemical or physical contaminants. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi are two of the most threatening and frequent food-borne pathogens, being responsible for listeriosis and salmonellosis respectively. The present study aims isolation and sensitivity of these pathogens to various antimicrobials agents such as antibiotics. Different isolates have varying sensitivity towards the various antibiotics. This can be calculated by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the isolates against different antibiotics. The sample that contained Salmonella was resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, ampicillin and trimethoprim as there was no zone of inhibition while erythromycin had highest ZOI (40 ±3 mm). Another sample that contained the Salmonella was resistant to neomycin sulphate and trimethoprim and showed maximum sensitivity against cefotaxime (ZOI= 38 ±3 mm). Listeria was isolated from two samples i.e orange and sandwich. Listeria isolated from orange was resistant to vancomycin and showed maximum sensitivity against ciprolaxin (45 ±3 mm) while isolate of Listeria from sandwich was resistant to polymyxin B sulphate and rifampcin showed maximum sensitivity (39 ±3 mm).

PP-207: Surface Water Pollution: A Big Challenge

Seema Sharma, Pravesh Kumar and Sunil Kumar Department of Zoology, Meerut College Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] Water is a virtual nature resource which is essential for a multiplicity of purpose. It is many user include drinking and other domestic uses, industrial cooling, power generation, agriculture [irrigation ], transportation and waste disposal. In the chemical process industry medium and a heat transfer agent. Surface water comes from streams, lakes, rivers, shallow wells and reservoirs cheated by damming. Because surface water is likely to come in contact with human, animals and soil microbes than ground water. However many of the microbes found in surface water are natural in habitats. The number location and type of microbes in surface water very depending on the dissolved or suspended salts, minerals and organic nutrients. Pathogens are found in fresh water are contaminated from infective individuals or are derived from untreated sewage discharge in to a lake or river. Climate geographical biological conditions bring about great variations in microbial populations of surface waters. Animal also more considerable contribute ion to the microbial flora of the surface water. They both and often drop their excreta in the water and the presence of organic material that modifies the environment and protects them from destruction by oxidation. The problem of water pollution due to discharge of domestic and industrial wastes in to aquatic system has already become a serious problem in the country. Nearly 75 to 80% of India’s population is exposed to unsafe drinking water. As a result, enteric disease, often reaching epidemic proportions,devastate several parts of the country. The river and lakes near urban centers emit disgusting odors and fish are being killed in millions along sea coasts. The meat of some of them is tainted and unsafe to eat because of excessive level of mercury and pesticides in their bodies. The origin of these problems must be attributed to many sources and type of pollutants. Some pollutants may have indirect effects whilst substances normally not considered as pollutants may become so under special circumstances. Pesticide and fertilizer use also contribute of pollution in the river. Unfortunately little research has been done on their effect on the river, although the need for such research was noted in the 1984 control pollution central Board study of the Ganga basin. Domestic and industrial pollution, combined with deforestation, the use of pesticides and fertilizers and other factors, have rendered portions of the Ganga unfit for drinking bating. To aid in a systematic discussion of water pollutions, they have been classified in to nine categories as described below:- 1. Oxygen demanding wastes 2. Disease – causing agents 3. Synthetic organic compounds 4. Plant nutrients 5. Inorganic chemicals and minerals 6. Sediments 7. Radioactive substances 8. Thermal discharges 9. Oil Pollution of the waterways is often caused by a combination of the above categories.which can severely compound the problem.

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PP-208: Solvent-free oxidation of Benzyl alcohol catalyzed by Nanostructured Zinc

Hexacyanidocobaltate: A green approach

Mamta Latwal1*, Shah Raj Ali1, Prakash Chandra1, Shalabh Jain2, Vipin Kumar Bansal3 and Sudhanshu Pratap Singh3

1Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 3Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The present contribution deals with the synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate. Nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate was synthesized using a reported method. The characterization of synthesized material was done using different techniques. Elemental composition and TG/DT analysis of synthesized nanostructured zinc hexacyanidocobaltate showed its molecular formula as Zn3[Co(CN)6]2.14H2O. The IR spectral study of synthesized material was also performed. The material was studied for X-ray diffraction analysis which indicated its high crystallinity. FE-SEM studies showed that it was consisted of hexagonal, cubic and other undefined shaped nanostructures. The synthesized material acted as an efficient green catalyst for solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol into benzaldehyde. The catalytic reaction was carried out in magnetically stirred round bottom flask using 30% H2O2 as oxidant at 75 0C. Generally, benzyl alcohol gives corresponding aldehyde, carboxylic acid and ester on oxidation. However, the present catalyst exhibited high selectivity for benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is a well known starting material for the synthesis of odorants, perfumes, flavors, pharmaceutical intermediates etc. The catalyst was found recyclable and stable upto 120 0C.

PP-209: Determination of moisture content of plantation wood species using near-infrared Spectroscopy

Seema Bhandari*, Vimal Kothiyal, Aasheesh Raturi and Jaideep

Timber Mechanics Discipline, Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Near infrared (NIR) technology in terms of transmitted or reflected spectra of electromagnetic waves ranging from 800 to 2500 nm has been mainly used for the nondestructive measurement of organic materials. However, it has great potential in all facets of material assessment (for example, wood, polymer, textile, pharmacy, petrochemical, etc.). In the case of ‘Wood Science and Technology’ NIR spectroscopy is only decade old phenomenon and has found application in the assessment of various wood properties (physical, chemical, mechanical, anatomical and genetically etc.). Below fiber saturation point most of the wood properties depend on the moisture content of wood. It is defined as the weight of water in wood expressed as a fraction, usually a percentage, of the weight of oven dry wood. Before examination of other properties in wood based manufacturing industries, the moisture content of wood plays imperative role for end use of different properties of the wood material. The available oven-dry and electric moisture meter method to calculate moisture content is destructive and having limitation by nature respectively. This study deals with the suitable prediction of moisture content of four commercial plantation wood species (Douglas fir, Pinus roxburghii, Tectona grandis and Dalbergia sissoo) by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using chemometric analysis. Total 100 samples of four different wood species having moisture content 10-18 percent were collected for the study. Spectrum of these samples were collected between wavelength of 800-2500nm with the help of FT-NIR spectroscopic accessories like integrated sphere. Further, the samples were classified in to two groups; 50 samples were used for developing calibration and rest 50 samples kept for test. Moisture content was determined by conventional method and correlated with near infrared spectra using partial least square regression (PLS) regression using radial face. Calibration correlations (R2cv) 0.90 for cross validation and (rp

2) 0.91 for test set validation with root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) 0.587 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) 0.544% respectively. The ratio of performance deviation (RPD) is 3.37 and (RMSEP) was very close to (RMSECV) is the indication of well qualified calibratation model. This study shows that NIR spectroscopy is rapid, eco friendly and inexpensive method for assessing the moisture content.

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PP-210: Evaluation of toxic metal contents in biological samples

Shail Kulshrestha1* and S. K. Dabral2 1Department of Chemistry, D. B. S. Post Graduate College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

2Pt. L. M. S. Govt. Autonomous College, Rishikesh, Uttarakhanad, India [email protected]

Multidimensional development in the last century has brought social and economic benefits to the society but the changes have also caused a wide range of environmental problems at both local and global level. Industrial activities, rapid urban growth, agricultural intensification and other domestic activities have increased the percolation of toxic metals and harmful chemicals to the soil and water bodies that toxic metals and hazardous chemicals have found their ways through soil and water bodies to farm products and entire food chain system. Many metals play their critical and specific role to sustain life in various ways. All these metal ions are needed to our body in certain very small quantities; it is when the concentrations are too high that they exert toxic effect. The key factor for metals is that no metal is degradable; they are here to stay for a long time, this stability lets them be carried long distances through air and water. Human body can not process and dispose of the metals, therefore these get deposited in various internal organs and cause serious damage in the body. Fresh vegetables and fruits are the major sources of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates and fibers, but due to increasing contamination of irrigated water and soil, the toxic metals have find ways to the fruits and vegetables, food grains. The present investigation describes the estimation of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn present in agricultural samples such as food grains, vegetables and fruits. For comparison purpose the samples of water used for irrigation purpose and soils collected from agriculture fields were also analyzed for these metals. PP-211: Environment and Global Warming

Seema Sharma, Pravesh kumar and Sunil kumar Department of Zoology, Meerut College, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected] Earth’s atmosphere contain gases called greenhouse gases [mostly vapor and carbon dioxide] which act to keep the lower layers of the atmosphere warmer that they otherwise would be without those gases. “Global warming ‘’is the expected slow, gradual warming of the lower layers of the Earth’s lower atmosphere by slowly increasing concentration of man – made green house primarily carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent methane these gases trap infrared radiation, which is the “heat radiation” that cools the Earth. The burning of fossil fuels, mainly petroleum and cool produces carbon dioxide as one of the by –products. As of 2003, the concentration of carbon dioxide is over 50% higher than it was before the start of the industrial revolution in the late 1800’s which is when the burning of fossil fuels really took off. The Earth’s climate changes in response to external forcing, including changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, variation in Earth’s orbit around the sun, changes in solar luminosity and volcanic eruptions. The thermal inertia of the ocean and slow responses of other indirect effects mean the climate can table centuries or longer to adjust to changes in forcing. Global dimming, a gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth’s surface may have partially counteracted global warming during the period 1960-1990. Human caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect, ozone depletion, the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in earth’s stratosphere, is sometimes cited in relation to global warming. Although there are a few areas of linkage the relationship between the two in not strong. Global warming is the combined result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in solar irradiance, which climate change refer to any change in the state of the climate that can be identified by its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades of longer. Increasing global temperature will cause sea levels rise and will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely including expansion of subtropical deserts. The continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice is expected, with the arctic region being particularly affected. Other likely effects include shrinkage of the Amazon rain forest and Boreal forests, increases in the intensity of extreme weather events, species extinctions and changes in agricultural yields, political and public debate continues regarding the appropriate response to global warming. The available options are mitigation to reduce further emission; and, more speculatively, geoengineering to reverse global warming, most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto-protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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PP-212: Clay polymer nanocomposites as a controlled release carrier of an anticancer Drug

Seema and Monika Datta*

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India [email protected], [email protected]

5 Fluorouracil (5FU) is a pyrimidine analogue having broad spectrum activity against solid tumors, effectively used in the treatment of colon, breast, lungs and neck cancers. Disadvantages associated with 5FU are due to its short biological half life (10-15 minutes), incomplete and non-uniform oral absorption, toxic side effects on gastrointestinal tract, non selective action on healthy cells. It is mainly administered via intravenous mode. Therefore, there is a need to develop a formulation for sustained release of 5FU for oral administration which could act as an alternative to intravenous administration and thus improve the quality of life of the patient. The present research is aimed at developing clay-polymer nanocomposites as controlled oral drug delivery system for 5 FU. The synthesized products have been characterized by appropriate analytical techniques. Intercalation of polymer-drug particles within the nanoclay layers has been supported by the XRD data. Drug loaded nanocomposites were found to be of 50-200 nm in size (as supported by TEM analysis). Physical status of the drug within the nanocomposites has been confirmed by DSC studies .These synthesized products have substantial drug loading capacity. In vitro drug release profiles in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, indicates a sustained release of drug for 8 hours at 37°C. On the basis of these investigations it appears that synthesized products have potential to be used as a controlled release system for anticancer drug 5 FU for oral administration.

PP-213: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Xylose by Hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkaline Buffer

Anjali goel1 and Shailja2*

1Department of chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2M.M (P.G.) College, Satikund, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

The title reaction was investigated in aqueous alkaline buffered medium. The kinetic results indicate the zero order kinetics in hexacyanoferrate (III) and first order in xylose and hydroxyl ion concentration. The ionic strength of the medium has no influence on oxidation rate showing the involvement of same neutral molecule in the rate determining step. The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction has also been studied and activation parameters have been evaluated. The mechanism based on the experimental results is proposed and rate law is derived.

PP-214: Kinetic-spectrophotometric determination of Ir(iii) with Alanine inaqueous Alkaline medium

Anjali Goel* and Shakunj

Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

A method for the determination of iridium is based on the Ir(III) catalyzed oxidation of alanine by hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous alkanine medium. In this method Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 2.99 to 19.98 µg cm-3 of Ir(III). The molar absorptivity & sandell’s sensitivity are found 1.0 x 103 to 1.3 X 103 l mol-1

cm-1 and 0.192 to 0.145 µg cm-2 respectively. The value of correlation coefficient lies between 0.983 to 0.993. The effect of few interfering ions have been worked out for developing the calibration curves in terms of absorbance or pseudo first order rate constant vs. Ir(III) plot, absorbance was noted at λmax of 420 nm. The results show that the present method is more simple and sensitive then the reported methods and especially useful in absence of the expected interfering ions. The standard deviation estimated from six independent determinations in sample of Ir (III) are 0.0588 to 0.1220.

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PP-215: Degradation of poly vinyl alcohol

Shakya Dutta and Atul Prakash

University Of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

The worldwide consumption of polymeric materials and plastics is rising annually by around 7 to 10 % . Total consumption has also shown a manifold rise in parameter with a increase from 30 kg per capita to 80 kg per capita. Public concern about the environmental problems has broght people to a consequence of recycling rather than production and consumption.Mnay plastics having consumption time os 1 year are discaraded as a waste.One of the available option is “organic recycling”.It diverts the biodegradable wastes from land fill, preventing the emission of methane and other green house gases. This also refers to concept of “biopolymers”which is conversion of polymeric material using conventional or enzymetic synthetic procedure.The environmental fate of water soluble PVA has been primarily investigated due to its largest utilization in textile and paper industry , that generate large amount of waste water with PVA contamination. After 1936,PVA was recognized as a biodegradable synthetic polymer, but afterwards it was truly assessed.Aerobic bacterias are used for that purpose;in which some species degrade and assimilate PVA axenically.The sample also undergo mineralization and hydrolysis.Thses two factors also affects the degradation of this polymer.Samples of polymer are available in three forms(PVA72,PVA88,PVA98);their kinetics of microbial action are different.Biodegradation is also affected by degree of polymerization.Presence of hydrophobic acetyl group also affect the rate.Biodegradation carried out in different mediums- aqueous and dry medium ,which shows different trends.Molecular weights and mineralization degree also affects the degradation.Knowing the trends both the mediums can be recommended for degradation.

PP-216: Durban: Last chance to save Kyoto Deal

Shalini Mathur National Law University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India

[email protected]

Signed in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol saw most developed nations agree to legally binding commitments on curbing their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are blamed for Global Warming. The chief of the United Nations’ (UN) climate change panel, Christina Figueres, warned that by the end of 2012, the existing framework – pledges under the Kyoto Protocol – would expire, with nothing to replace it. Developed countries that have shown reluctance towards binding commitments will get an excuse not to do anything until China, India and other emerging economies are subjected to identical treatment. The latter will insist on some commitment from advanced countries before taking binding steps. Against a background of record GHG emissions in the atmosphere, more frequent and intense extreme weather events, but also growing momentum for action to fight climate change, the UN Climate Change Conference in Durban (28 November to 9 December 2011) kicked off. For Durban to be a success, the unanswered political questions need to be addressed; most importantly the level of ambition and the legal nature of mitigation (emission reduction) commitments after 2012. The future of the Kyoto Protocol is not in question, but the question is about its second commitment period. The question is not about whether the market would be there or not, but about its scale, its time duration, and how strong a legal foundation it would have. Change and solutions are always possible. This article brings out the thought process and the stands taken by various countries and also highlighting the outcome of the Durban Conference for environmentally aware citizens.

PP-217: Chemotypic variation in Craniotome furcata: Effect of microclimatic conditions

Shalini Singh and Geeta Tewari*

Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Craniotome furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze (Syn. C. versicolar, Anisomeles (Link) furcata, A. nepalensis, Nepeta versicolor) belonging to family the Lamiaceae is an erect, perennial, branched and soft hairy herb. Craniotome furcata has been used as folk medicine. The leaf juice is applied for treatment of wounds. Various

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environmental factors affect the essential oil composition of aromatic and medicinal plants and play a very important role in the biogenetic pathways of different secondary metabolites of oil. Fresh plant material of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze along with its soil samples (0-20 cm) was collected from ten locations in Kumaun Himalaya (Uttarakhand, India). The essential oils of C. furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Macro and micronutrients (N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) in soil and plant samples were also determined. Statistical analysis of correlation coefficient was done to correlate different environmental and soil factors with major constituents. Four chemotypes were detected on the basis of their essential oil composition. Chemotype-I was rich in δ-elemene and germacrene D, chemotype-II with two subgroups: subgroup-I: δ-elemene, germacrene D, α-zinziberene and α-cadinol subgroup-II: germacrene D, α-zinziberene, germacrene B and α-muurolol; chemotype-III: γ-cadinene, germacrene D-4-ol, α-muurolol, α-cadinol, oplopanon and α-bisabolol oxide A and chemotype-IV: δ-elemene, germacrene D, α-zinziberene, germacrene B, α-muurolol and α-cadinol. At higher altitude, more germacrene D was synthesized in C. furcata. Nitrogen and Iron in soil negatively affect synthesis of δ-elemene while zinc, copper and manganese in soil positively affect the synthesis of α-bisabolol oxide A in C. furcata. The percentage of δ-elemene was found to be more in taller plants.

PP-218: Bionic Eye modelling using Thermogenerators

Shallu Singhal, Vikas kumar, Sourabh Singhal, Sanjeev Gaba and Anamika Bhatia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

In the era of increasing energy demand, energy conservation has become an important topic for discussion. Energy conversion can be proved to be a boon for the visually challenged person. In this paper of bionic eye modelling, we have put forward a strategy of using a thermo generator that will convert human body heat into electricity that will generate the required amount of power for charging the battery of bionic eye. Also this battery can be used to store the excess energy generated, which can be further used as back up.

PP-219: Portable free energy system for homes

M. Sharath kumaar* and V. Ragavarajan

Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamilnadu, India [email protected], [email protected]

With energy crisis at its peak, conserving energy by improving the design of the present day electrical/ mechanical equipments is the need of the hour. The challenge here is to develop a prototype that would revolutionize the current electrical appliances by increasing the efficiency while keeping the prices within the reach of a common man. The solutions can range from modification of current electrical devices to building your own appliances with multiple uses. The main Idea is to design to achieve the perpetual motion for an alternator.i.e. without giving input we will be getting an output. Then overall efficiency of that machine can be increased more than 100%.The entire concept is new. If this system is implemented then it is having the potential to replace all other renewable energy sources with minimum cost. This paper is discussing about the hardware implementation of methodology that can be adopted for getting the free energy in an effective way without polluting the environment.

PP-220: Synthesis, characterization and luminescence of Eu3+ - doped CaZrO3 Nanophosphors

Sheetal*, V.B.Taxak and S.P. Khatkar

Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India [email protected], [email protected]

A solution combustion route for the synthesis of Eu3+-activated CaZrO3 and their photoluminescent properties have been investigated. Structure and luminescent characteristics of CaZrO3:Eu3+ perovskites nanophosphors have been studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence spectrometry and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed that simple CaZrO3 phase was obtained and the crystal size was also calculated. The incorporation of Eu3+ activator in these nanoparticles has been checked by luminescence characteristics. Monitoring at 616 nm, the excitation spectrum consists of a broad band and a series of narrow bands and the stronger excitation peaks located at 279 and 396 nm,respectively. These nanoparticles have displayed red color which is due to characteristic transition of Eu3+

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from 5D0 →7F2 at 616 nm under near UV light (396 nm) excitation. In addition, the optimal Eu3+ - doped

contents of CaZrO3 nanophosphors were also studied. PP-221: Electrochemical Investigations on the toxicity of Organic Pollutants present in

industrial effluents

Shilpi Saxena Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] The electrochemical oxidation of Organic pollutant has been studied at solid micro electrodes over a wide pH range. Phenyl hydrazine exhibited a single anodic diffusion controlled and irreversible peak during cyclic voltammetric studies. Voltammograms were recorded prior to electrolysis at different pH, scan rates and concentrations. The redox behaviour of the compounds was studied to have the optimum experimental conditions for their degradation and to find out the decrease in toxicity in the breakdown products of the degradation. The purpose of the present study is to address the issue by investigating the performance of electrochemical treatment for the removal of toxicity.

PP-222: Eco-Abode: Sustainable futuristic design Green buildings using passive solar housing concept

Shivam Saxena* and Amritansh Tripathi

University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Sustainable architecture means: form follows ethics, i.e. the design is the result of a careful consideration of functions, materials and their life-cycle performance including long term perspectives, present and future human needs and social aspects. This is the basic principle under which the Eco-Abode, a passive solar house made of renewable resources, will be constructed. The paper explores the concept of Eco-Abode. It explains in details the construction technologies, working principles and new innovations used in making the Eco-Abode. Passive solar house technology is already well known. Building materials based on renewable resources are manufactured in some areas. But the combination of both along with advance technologies is quite unique. This combination can be brought to reality by the Eco-Abode. On an operative level the principles of sustainable building ask for consideration of quantitative and qualitative problems of material flows which are responsible both for ecological damage and rising costs for disposal. The “factor 10” concept – i.e. reducing the material, energy and area consumption by a factor of 10 – is implemented in this building. Thereby the whole consumption within the live cycle is considered. Using renewable resources like straw in the construction reduces the material and energy consumption during the whole life cycle. The paper encapsulates the role of “factor 10” concept in Eco-Abode.The combination of renewable building materials with the concept of passive solar houses to the ends of sustainable building asks for the development of new techniques. Over all the construction of Eco-Abode includes innovations that cover construction details within the whole house from ground work over windows, wall construction, to the roof. Some of the key innovations are straw-bale walls, biomass stove that can be used as a stand-alone oven, double-layered glass panes, solar heating, eco-bricks and spray-foam insulation. These innovative ideas will be explained in the paper in detail. While buildings and development provide countless benefits to society, they also have significant environmental and health impacts. If we look at the scenario in United States, the buildings consume 40% of all energy used, 72% of all electricity generated and account for 38% of all CO2 emissions - more than all the transportation activity combined. Buildings use 40% of raw materials globally which accounts for 3 billion tons annually. The EPA estimates that 136 million tons of building-related construction and demolition debris is generated in the US annually and that is 40% of the total solid waste stream sent to landfills each year. These facts clearly depict the urgency of Eco-Abode housing.Renewable resources are important in the shift of our economic system towards sustainable development. There is a multitude of functional solutions based on renewable resources on the one hand and a high dissemination potential due to the enormous material flow on the other hand. The realization of the Eco-Abode building opens access to sustainable technologies for a broad public and displays long-term measuring in a realistic user scenario.

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PP-223: Green Computing in the field of MANET

Papendra Kumar, Aruna Rani and Shobha Arya Computer Science & Engineering, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Green Computing now a day is the hot matter with respect to the environment and technology. The term green computing is the “combination of study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—for example monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems —with less or no impact on the environmentin efficient and effective manner."In Green Computing the MANETs plays an important role in communications systems. The Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) in an autonomous collection of mobile nodes or users that communicate with each other using a wireless physical medium without relying on pre-existing wired infrastructure. The MANETs is an infrastructure less network which provides efficient and effective services with minimum loss of energy and having a minimum or no impact on the environment.

PP-224: Green Computing: Energy saver equipments

Shubham Barnwal K .C. M. T., Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently.Green computing emphasizes on reducing the use of hazardous materials, maximizing the energy efficiency and promoting recyclability of defunct products and e-waste. Taking this into consideration,the popular use of information technology industry ,it has lead a revolution of turning green in manner no industry has never done before.Green computing is a way to create a balance between computing services and environmental causes which are prevalent in today’s world . It includes products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options towards energy savings. In this paper,several environmental benefits of recycling by selling and using reburfished equipment are discussed.It emphasizes on booming market of recycling e-waste. Many companies are working or designing a new energy saver computer systems.Some of them are HP(Hewlett Packard),IBM,Dell etc.The new technology based computers are easy to disassemble and meets European Union’s RoHS standards for the restriction of use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipments.

PP-225: Thermodynamics of molecular interactions of formamide with propanol 308.15 K

Manju Rani*, Priyanka Lahot and Sanjeev Maken

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India [email protected]

Amides are important class of bio-organic solvents and are convenient model systems for investigating peptide and protein–solvent interactions. The H-bonding formation ability of these solvents with other H-bonded self-associating solvents is useful in understanding the peptide linkage in complex bio-systems. Formamide is the simplest amide that contains a peptide linkage, the fundamental building block of proteins. It is highly polar (µ= 3.37D at 298.15 K) and are strongly self-associated through extensive three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds, through its three hydrogen bond donors (3 H-atoms) and three acceptors (two lone pairs of electrons at oxygen and one on nitrogen atom). Alcohols are self associated organic compound through hydrogen bonding of their hydroxyl groups. These are biologically and industrially important amphiphilic materials. Branching of alkyl group attached to the hydroxyl group results in abnormal behaviour of alcohols. Since the components of binary mixtures of amide and alkanols have both proton-donating/accepting abilities, significant interaction through hydrogen bonding between unlike molecules is expected. This prompted us to study thermodynamics of molecular interactions between amides and alcohols. Molar excess volumes and enthalpy have been measured at 308.15 K for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol mixtures. Molar excess volumes, VE, for the binary mixtures have been measured by V-shaped dilatometer at 308.15K. The temperature of water thermostat was controlled to ±0.01 K by a mercury-in-toluene regulator. The change in the position of the liquid level in the capillary was noted with a cathetometer (OSAW, Ambala) that could read to ±0.001 cm. Molar excess enthalpies (HE) data at 308.15 K were determined by a flow microcalorimeter (LKB-2107, LKB, Broma,

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Sweden). The measured )( HorVXwhereX E = data at 308.15 K were fitted to the following

Redlick and Kister equation. The HE values for all the binary systems are positive over the entire composition. At equimolar composition, HE values vary in the order: 2-propanol > 1-propanol.On the other hand, VE values for formamide + 1-propanol or 2-propanol systems are negative over the whole composition range. At equimolar composition, VE values follow the sequence: 1-propanol>2-propanol. The excess volume data and excess enthalpy data have also been rationalized by graph-theoretical arguments. It has been observed that this approach can be relied upon to yield meaningful information about the state of aggregation of the component of binary mixtures as well as energetic of intermolecular interactions.

PP-226: Liquid phase adsorption of C8 isomers with highest purity on Y type zeolites

Priyanka Lahot 1*, Manju Rani1, Vijaya Lakshmi2 and Sanjeev Maken1 1Deenbandhu Chottu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India

2R&D Department, Manufacturing Unit, Reliance Industries Limited, Vadodara, India [email protected]

The separation of C8 aromatic isomers is of commercial importance in the petrochemical industry. In the petrochemical industry, p-xylene (PX) is a starting material for the synthesis of polyesters and plastics. Because of the vast number of industrial uses of polyesters, the demand for PX increases. Separation of aromatic isomers occurs in liquid phase at a temperature of 150°C close to the boiling point of xylenes. Commercial separation is done using methods like crystallization, extract distillation and adsorption/desorption of xylene isomers on adsorbents. In the present paper, adsorption based methods for separation of o-, m-, & p-xylene (OX, MX) isomers in liquid phase will be presented. But simulated moving bed separation which is based on adsorption-desorption technique gives effective separation from the economical point of view. Zeolite Y was selected for this work. The zeolites Y were exchanged with K and Ba ions to vary the size of the zeolite pore opening. The adsorbent suitable for separation of each of these xylene isomers was selected based on its adsorption capacity at 20°C. The aim is to find suitable compensation cation with high adsorption capacities and selectivities for optimal separation of these xylene isomers. The zeolites were exchanged with potassium and barium ions. On exchange of Na with K the pore opening of the zeolite decrease due to bulkier size of K ion. On exchange with Na with Ba the pore opening increases due to smaller size of Ba and also the number of cations decreases as Ba because it is divalent. It has been found from the adsorption isotherm that NaY adsorbent shows more adsorption capacity for PX. Adsorption of PX & ethyl benzene (EB) is higher due to smaller size of molecule; OX & MX is lower due to bigger molecular size and steric hindrance of molecule. While for BaY adsorbent, OX shows higher capacity due to higher pore opening in BaY as compared to the NaX, where as for KY adsorbent, EB shows higher capacity due to slightly larger pore opening as compared to NaY due to bulkier size of K ions. The best suited adsorbent for the separation of PX & MX is found to be NaY.

PP-227: Excess molar enthalpies and isothermal (vapour liquid) equilibria of sec- butyl

chloride + cyclohexane or + benzene or + toluene mixtures

Naveen1*, Hariom1 and Krishan Chander Singh2

1Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak , India 2Department of de Fisica Aplicada, University of Poltecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

[email protected]

Molar excess enthalpy of mixing ��� have been determined for the binary mixtures (sec-butyl chloride +

cyclohexane, or + benzene, or + toluene) calorimetrically at T = 298.15 K. Vapor pressure of sec-butyl chloride (SBC) + cyclohexane, or + benzene, or + toluene mixtures at T = 298.15 K are measured by a static method.

The excess Gibb’s free energy of mixing ��� is calculated by fitting the vapor pressure data to Redlich- Kister

correlation according to Barker’s method. The result has been analyzed in terms of Flory theory and Ideal associated model of non- electrolytes. The ideal associated model which assumes the presence of AB type molecular species explains reasonably well the dependence of the excess enthalpy of these systems on the mole fraction of the components. The equilibrium constant for the reaction A+B AB, along with the enthalpy of

formation of AB molecular species, have also been calculated.

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PP-228: High field ionic conduction in anodic oxide films on tantalum in aqueous

electrolytes

Hariom 1*, Naveen 1and Krishan Chander Singh2

1Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India 2Department of de Fisica Aplicada, University of Poltecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

[email protected] The studies on the anodic growth of film on tantalum were carried out at various current densities (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mAcm-2) in presence of 0.1N solutions of acetic acid, succinic acid and picric acid (prepared in 1:1v/v of Ethanol + water) at four different temperatures (288.15, 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15K). The constants A and B of Guntherschulze and Betz empirical equation have been determined. The value of A varied with temperature but the value of B was found independent of temperature, which implies the non-dependence of Tafel slope on temperature. Dignam’s quadratic variation of field strength with ionic current density was examined critically. The zero field activation energy (φ ), dimensionless quantity (C), zero field

activation dipole (µ*), net activation energy W(E) and More function parameter (w*) of Dignam model were evaluated. The effects of temperature, current density and nature of electrolyte on various parameters of Dignam model have been discussed. An appreciable contribution of the quadratic term elucidates that single-barrier theories of ionic conduction do not explain the data satisfactorily.

PP-229: Variation in Chlorophyll content and soluble sugars in leaves of

Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees with seasons and its relation to CO2 sequestration

Malik Saira* and Bakshi Meena Plant Physiology Discipline, Forest Research Institute Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

[email protected]

The genus Dendrocalamus belongs to the family Poaceae under the sub family Bambusoideae. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees is one of the priority species of the country which is distributed in different forest types of India. It occupies 53% of the total bamboo area in India. The most predominant areas are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Western Ghats. It is climatically versatile and offers environmental benefits as it has been observed that bamboo sequesters around four times more CO2 than average timber and produces 35% more O2. In order to establish how good bamboo is at sequestering carbon, it is important to examine the rate at which its biomass changes. Leaf chlorophyll content and sugar content is directly correlated to biomass accumulation through photosynthesis; hence, study of such traits is essential to know biomass accumulation potential of this species. Keeping the aforesaid in view, the present work purports to study the variation in twenty accessions based on total chlorophyll, a, b, a/b and soluble sugars with seasons viz., summer (May to June), rainy (July to August), winter (December– January) for two consecutive years. A germplasm of D.strictus was established at FRI in year 2007 representing 296 accessions from 17 states .Twenty accessions were chosen and subjected to biochemical analysis. The results obtained using ANOVA connoted significant variation at 0.1% level of significance among seasons with the maximum total chlorophyll (2.71 mg g-1 FW), chlorophyll a (1.82 mg g-1 FW, chlorophyll b (0.89 mg g-1 FW) and soluble sugars (24.95 mg g-1 DW) observed in rainy followed by consequential downtrend towards the winter season. Accession wise A35 from Hoshiyarpur-I (Punjab) outperformed the score in recording the maximum total chlorophyll (2.55 mg g-1 FW) and total soluble sugars (25.2 mg g-1 DW). Further a positive correlation (r=0.65) between total chlorophyll and soluble sugars was observed. Thus, one can deem these traits as biochemical markers for biomass accumulation which in turn will serve as a bio-indicator for CO2 sequestration.

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PP-230: Energy conservation in wireless sensors through network coding

Nikhil Arora1 and Shiv Kumar Singh2

1Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Faculty of Engineering and Tecnology, Gurukul Kangari University, Haridwar,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The paper is about the energy conservation in wireless sensors network using some coding techniques like network coding.As the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network composed of sensor nodes communicating among themselves and deployed in large scale (from tens to thousands) for applications such as environmental, habitat and structural monitoring, disaster management, equipment diagnostic, alarm detection, and target classification. In WSNs, typically, sensor nodes are randomly distributed over the area under observation with very high density. Each node is a small device able to collect information from the surrounding environment through one or more sensors, to elaborate this information locally and to communicate it to a data collection Centre called sink or base station. WSNs are currently an active research area mainly due to the potential of their applications. However, the deployment of a large scale WSN still requires solutions to a number of technical challenges that stem primarily from the features of the sensor nodes such as limited computational power, reduced communication bandwidth and small storage capacity. Further, since sensor nodes are typically powered by batteries with a limited capacity, energy is a primary constraint in the design and deployment of WSNs. As Network coding is a technique where, instead of simply relaying the packets of information they receive, the nodes of a network will take several packets and combine them together for transmission. This can be used to attain the maximum possible information flow in a network. Network coding is a field of information theory and coding theory. The paper is for data based wireless sensor networks (WSN) with huge information exchange operations, NC can improve the broadcastefficiency by combining different incoming data together using appropriate coding methods. The paper presents a linear network coding in which the o/p flow at the given nodes is the linear combination of the input nodes.the coefficients of the combination are obtained from a finite field.coding can be implemented at the low computational cost. The Main idea in this paper is to Select the linear coefficients in a finite field of opportune size ina random way Send the encoding vector within the same packet i.e Packetization where the Header removes need for centralized knowledge of graph topology and encoding/decoding functions Nodes stores within their buffers the received packets and the bufferi ng which allows asynchronous packets arrivals & departures with arbitrarily varying rates, delay, loss. Based on the study of NC, this paper first gives the theory analysis of two traditional information exchange methods and NC based information exchange method in cluster based WSNs, which proves the benefits of NC in energy saving in theory.Then, the simulation results under different network situations which show that NC based method can greatly reduce the energyconsumption and balance the network loads compared with traditional information exchange methods, which proves the efficiency of NC in energy saving.

PP-231: Heavy Metal Scavengers: A potential route for Green Environment

Shuvasish Cshoudhury1*, Joby Joseph2 and Jaspal Singh3

1Natural Product Process Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India 2Department of Botany, MarThoma College, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India

3Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Environmental contamination with heavy metals poses severe effect on living organisms. With increase in anthropogenic activities, the concentration of several heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg, etc. has been increasing to a great extent. Plants can be a potential source for decontamination of metal polluted environment. The presence of both essential and non essential heavy metals in the atmosphere, soil and water, in excessive amounts, can cause serious problems to all organisms. The knowledge of heavy metal contamination and possible role of plants in its detoxification has been significantly reported by several workers. In the present paper, we analyse the possible ways of metal decontamination pathways that a plant can adopt. The paper also emphasizes the various possible types of plants that can reconstruct a heavy metal contaminated environment greener.

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PP-232: Green Technology for Greener Environment: Use of Biodiesel blends in diesel Engine

Siddegowda. S1, Nijagunappa2 and Basava Raja1

1Department of Training & Tech. Education, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, India 2 Department of Environmental Science, Gulbarga University, Karnataka, India

[email protected]

Energy is a vital and growing need for human activities such as transport, agriculture and industry. The transport and agriculture sectors are major consumers of fossil fuel. However, availability of fossil fuels is limited. The use of fossil fuels is of increasing environmental concerns because it produces toxic airborne particulates and greenhouse gases such as CO2. The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. Hence, it is necessary to seek alternative fuels, which can be produced from resources available locally within the country such as alcohol, biodiesel and vegetable oils. The world is presently confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The search for alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation has become highly pronounced in the present context. Excessive use of fossil fuels has led to global environmental degradation effects such as greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone depletion and climate change. There is a growing realization worldwide that something constructive has to be done soon to reduce the GHG emissions. Biodiesel is very interesting alternative fuel to the diesel. The biodiesel can be obtained from renewable sources, such as vegetable oil or animal fat through a transesterification process. The main objective of transesterification is to reduce the viscosity close to that of the diesel. Biodiesel have many advantages like renewability, biodegradability, lubricity and also having low levels of sulfur contents. Biodiesel is methyl or ethyl ester of fatty acid made from vegetable oils (both edible and non-edible) and animal fat. The main non-edible oils resources for biodiesel production are Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot) & Pongamia pinnata (Karanj). Biodiesel can be blended in any proportion with mineral diesel to create a biodiesel blend or can be used in its pure form. Just like petroleum diesel, biodiesel can be used in compression ignition (diesel) engine, and require very little or no modifications in engine because biodiesel has properties similar to that of mineral diesel. It can be stored just like mineral diesel and hence does not require separate infrastructure. The use of biodiesel in conventional diesel engines results in substantial reduction in emission of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate. This presentation reviews the production, characterization and current status of biodiesel along with Emissions and Performance of diesel engine with biodiesel blends.

PP-233: Renewable resources: Osmotic Energy

Siddharth Jain and Ravi Sharma ECE Department, Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas, India

Anything non-reusable, non recyclable that we produce will add to a heap of waste after their use. “Energy”, as the science clearly says, can be converted from one form to another. Then why not use renewable sources of energy for a sustainable life. For example fossil fuels contaminate our environment and we are also running out of them. This paper focuses on osmotic energy. Osmosis means passage of water from a region of high water concentration (often freshwater) through a semi permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration (often Na Cl). The membrane only lets water molecules pass. Salt molecules, sand, silt and other contaminants are prevented to do so. Several physiological processes use this osmotic effect. For instance, our body uses it to bring water back from the kidneys, and plants use osmosis to keep the water pressure inside the plant at a fixed level. Since scientists have found a way to build semi permeable membranes, we can use the osmotic effect and convert it to mechanical energy. This paper focus on principle, generation, advantages, economic and environmental prospects of osmotic power and how this technology contributes value to renewable energy production. The scope of this paper covers, the fundamental concepts of osmosis, the real-world implementation of this technology along with its limitations, and finally the future direction in which the osmotic power generation is headed towards.

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PP-234: Study of water pollution and its effect on Aquatic fauna in Bareilly, U.P, and surrounding areas

Smita Jain1 and Barkha2

1Department of Zoology, Govt. Mahila Degree College, Bareilly, U.P., India 2Department of Zoology, Govt. Degree College, Badaun, India

[email protected], [email protected] One in every seven persons on this planet lives in India, with 16% of the world's population and only 2.4 of its land area, this causes a great disbalance in the ratio of natural resources and consumers. Progress in agriculture and industry resulted into unlimited exploitation of every bit of natural resource. The unfavourable conditions created by man itself threatened the survival of living fauna & flora both.Water is the important constituent of life support system. It is most important natural resource. It is a habitat for creatures that can live nowhere else. Most of our water bodies, ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and oceans have become polluted due to industrial growth, urbanisation and other man made problems. Water pollution is the addition by humans of something to the water that alters its chemical composition, temperature or microbial composition to such extent that harm occurs to aquatic fauna (Loyd 1992). Ramganga, Kila river, Nakatiya river, Doha river and Behgul river are the surrounding rivers of Bareilly district out of which the largest main river is Ramganga. These rivers have enriched aquatic fauna mainly etable fishes, but it is observed that due to larger organic load a condition of abnormally low dissolved oxygen (hypoxia) occurs which effects adversely on the fish physiology. In Kila river and Nakatiya river specially there is excess of biodegradable detergents being added to water resulting the growth of Phyloplankton. In the present studies four Tehsils of Bareilly – Aonla, Faridpur, Baheri and Nawabganj and city itself was surveyed. Water collecting areas and other resources were pointed out and water sample was tested for the detection of percentage of toxic substances. Along with this aquatic fauna was also studied. The results suggest that major classes of toxic chemicals of concern for fish are metal, chlorine, cyanides, ammonia, detergents, acids, pesticides, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Petroleum hydrocarbons and other miscellaneous chemicals.

PP-235: Biomedical Waste Managements Systems

Anshuman Rana1 and Soham Vakil2 1Department of Chemical Engineering, D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Vile Parle(W), Mumbai,

Maharastra, India 2Department of Chemical Engineering, D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Vile Parle(W), Mumbai,

Maharastra, India [email protected], [email protected]

Biomedical waste refers to any solid and/or liquid generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings or animals or in the production or treating of biological components. Hospitals produce waste, which is increasing over the years in its amount and type. These wastes are toxic, hazardous and detrimental to human health due to their high potentiality of disease transmission. Biomedical waste includes anatomical waste (tissues, organs and body parts) micro-organism, syringes, blades, rubber hand gloves and other chemical wastes.The indiscriminate disposals of untreated wastes are the causes which spread the infectious diseases like Aids (HIV), Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Diphtheria, etc. It is imperative, therefore, to adopt appropriate system for treatment and disposal of the hospital wastes. Realizing the seriousness of the problems associated with the poor management of the bio-medical wastes, Bio-Medical Waste Management system aims at proper handling, segregation, disfigurement, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal of Bio-Medical waste. In order to get rid of the nuisance due to mismanagement of the hospital waste the Government of India as contemplated under Section 6, 8 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, has made the Biomedical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998. Every institution generating biomedical waste which includes hospitals, nursing homes, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institutions, animal houses, pathological lab, and blood bank have to track these rules. In this paper the authors have tried to explain various biomedical waste management issues, their various methods of disposal/ recycle, segregation, economical aspect and future prospects.

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PP-236: Bio-Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their applications

Anshuman Rana1 and Soham Vakil1 1Department of Chemical Engineering, D.J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Vile Parle(W), Mumbai,

Maharastra, India [email protected], [email protected]

Nanotechnology has the ability to create materials, devices and systems with fundamentally new and advanced function properties. The commercial demand of Nanomaterials especially metallic nanoparticles has increased due to their wide applicability in various fields of electronics, catalysts, chemistry and medicine. Silver is the centre of attraction for various scientists because of its distinctive properties such as good conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic and anti bacterial activity. It is well known that decrease in size results in increase in surface area. In the case of silver, this increase in its surface area increases its catalytic and antibacterial properties. Traditionally silver was synthesized using various physical and chemical method. But the traditional methods were either too expensive or the chemicals used were toxic and flammable. So following the path of “green chemistry”, scientists arrived at the bio-synthesis of silver nanoparticles i.e. use of plants & micro-organism to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Various plants (Helianthus annus, Azadirachta indica) weeds (Ipomoea aquatica ) and micro-organism (Bacillus subtillis, Lactobacillus strains) showed the property of reducing silver ion to silver nanoparticles. In this paper we present various methods of synthesizing silver nanoparticles and their application. It also focuses on merits and demerits accompanying several methods. The authors have made an attempt to determine the best method of synthesis of nanoparticles and highlight the future prospects in synthesis and application.

PP-237: Utilization of Biogas as a useful source of renewable energy

Sunil Vidyarthi and Tanuj Bisht

Amraplai Institute of Technology and Sciences, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Why Biogas to power? Scientific interest in the gasses produced by the natural decomposition of organic matter, was first reported in the sixteenth century by Robert Boyle and Stephen Hale. The quest for alternate sources of energy is propelled by numerous factors. One is shortage of conventional fossil fuels. These non-renewable resources are constantly shrinking while their demand is ever-increasing. In effect, it pushes the cost of generating power upwards. Apart from scarcity and cost, another problem facing most countries is the ever-growing pile of waste dumps. What could be more appealing than being able to generate cheaper, cleaner Power from waste. Biogas is produced from organic domestic or industrial waste, stagnant wastewater sludge, landfills, and animal manure. It is generated by the action of bacteria on organic material in airless conditions, a process known as anaerobic digestion.

PP-238: Antidiabetic activity of Plant extract of Urtica Parviflora in Alloxan induced

type II diabetes in rats

Surendra Gusain1, Kumud Upadhyaya1* and Vedvir S. Parihar2 1Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science & Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Poundha,

Dehradun, Uttarakhanad, India 2Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakand, India

[email protected] Diabetes mellitus is the most common and significant chronic endocrine disorder affecting approximately 200 million individuals worldwide. The Research objective was phytochemical investigation, antidiabetic activity of polar/non-polar solvent extracts of Urtica Parviflora leaves. The powered leaves were subjected to successive hot-solvent extraction process with the solvents in order of increasing polarity. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests and steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and tannins and phenolic compounds were found to be present. TLC & HPTLC were run for the confirmation of steroids. The isolated compounds were subjected to spectral studies UV and FT-IR. The effect of different extracts ethanolic, pet-ether, aqueous and chloroform of Urtica Parviflora leaves were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetes models (albino rats) & Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg. p.o.) used as standard drug. Preliminary Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids. Tannins and phenolic substances in ethanolic extract of Urtica Parviflora leaves. LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts of pet ether, ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts were found to be 2000 mg/kg. 1/10th of LD50 cut-off

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dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts were taken for screening of antidiabetic activity. The present work confirms that ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity.

PP-239: Biological treatment of waste water by using activated sludge process

S.A.Dharaskar1* and

S. S. Balkar2 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Visveshvarya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra,

India 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Anuradha Engineering College Chikhli, Buldan, Maharashtra, India

[email protected]

A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and to develop a simple design criteria under local conditions1. A bench scale model comprising of an aeration tank and final clarifier was used for this purpose. The model was operated continuously for 210 days. Settled synthetic wastewater was used as influent to the aeration tank. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the influent and effluent were measured to find process efficiency at various mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and hydraulic detention time (θ). The results of the study demonstrated that an efficiency of above 90% for COD could be obtained if the ASP is operated at an MLVSS concentration of 3000 mg/l keeping an aeration time (θ) of 1 hour.

PP-240: Energy efficient computing using green computing technique

Swati Aggarwal1, Heman Pathak2 and Pramod Kumar1

1SRGC, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 KGM, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Green computing is a very hot topic these days, not only because of rising energy costs and potential savings, but also due to the impact on the environment. Energy to manufacture, store, operate, and cool computing systems has grown significantly in the recent years, primarily due to the volume of systems and computing that companies now heavily rely upon. Despite the huge surge in computing power demands, there are many existing technologies and methods by which significant savings can be made. This series is dedicated to the ways a typical organization can reduce their energy footprint while maintaining required levels of computing performance. We love our computers for all the ways they make our lives (and the world) better -- the wealth of knowledge (and democratizing force) of the Internet, the instantaneous communication, the sophisticated tools that help us work and create and share. But this modern world's greatest tool is among our most disposable and resource-heavy items. Performance-wise, computer design has progressed staggeringly well and astonishingly fast but looking at it from a green perspective, the work has barely begun. It takes a lot of energy to create, package, store, and move every 10-20 megabytes of data. Even with energy prices as cheap as they are now, it will soon cost more to power a computer for four years than it does to buy a new one. Green technology plays a very important role in terms of computing. However, scope of this paper is limited to “Energy Efficient Computing” using green computing. Here we mainly focus on the “Energy Efficient Computing”. The principle behind energy efficient coding is to save power by getting software to make less use of the hardware, rather than continuing to run the same code on hardware that uses less power. Hence Green computing, the study and practice of efficient and Eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the attention of not only environmental organizations, but also businesses from other industries.

PP-241: Cellulose is an alternative to petrochemicals

R. K. Soni and Sweety Thakur*

Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India [email protected], [email protected]

Cellulose is the most common organic polymer, representing about 1.5X1012 tons of the total annual biomass production. It is the most abundant and renewable biopolymer on earth and the dominating waste material from agriculture. Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products in the industry has been the focus of research for economical, environmental and technical reasons. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a fibrous secondary by-product of the sugar refining industry and represents 30-32% of the sugarcane plant. The annual production

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of SCB is in the order of millions metric tons annually. It is particularly important that the biofuels (cellulosic/ lignocellulosic ethanol) are trying to make better use of crop residues and by-product by converting them into the next generation of biofuels. A promising strategy for efficient utilization of this renewable resource is the microbial hydrolysis, using enzymes, of lignocellulosic waste and fermentation and distillation of the resultant reducing sugars for the production of desired metabolites or biofuels.

PP-242: Electrolytic and acoustic (ultrasonic) studies of sodium sulphite in acetic acid and formic acid solvent at 300c and 400c temprature

Sweta Kushwaha

[email protected]

The present work reflects the solute – solvent interactions studies of sodium-sulphite in 50% Acetic acid and 50%, 100% formic acid at 300C and 400C. Ultrasonic velocities, viscosities and densities of sodium sulphite in aq. Organic acid solutions of different concentration have been determined experimentally at 300C and 400C. various acoustic parameters like intermolecular free length, isentropic compressibility, relative association and solvation number have been computed by experimental data. These parameters have been discussed in terms of solute – solvent interaction.

PP-243: Effect of Anthropological Pressure on Pine dominating Forest of Block Nowshera District Rajouri (J&K), India

Tajinder Singh*, L. R. Dangwal, Antima Sharma and Aman Deep Singh

Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H. N. B Garhwal Central University, SRT Campus, Badshahithaul Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

The present communicatuion deals with the effects of anthropological pressure and deforestation of Pine dominating forest of the block Nowshera district Rajouri, J&K. Block Nowshera is situated at south-west of the district Rajouri in the shiwalik range with elevation ranges from 500-1200m asl. covering an area of 477 sqkm.During the period 2009-2010, the study was carried out by using different sizes of quadrats randomly, total 10 plots were selected and each plot size were 10×10m for calculating diversity and density of the forest species.The study area was dominated by Pinus roxburghii followed by Mallotus Phillipensis, Acacia modesta etc. Shrubs and herbs diversity is increase due to anthropological pressure and it is maximum found in deforested site and also some exotic weed species were increasing in the deforested area due to anthropological pressure.Main stress was given to the anthropological pressure in the form of deforestation, fire cases, increasing of agricultural lands, construction of houses and roads etc.

PP-244: Effect of extractives from needles of pinus roxburghii on white rot and brown rot

Akhato Sumi* and Sadhna Tripathi

Wood preservation discipline Forest products division, Forest research institute, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Natural resins and/or extractives from chir pine and other conifers or hardwoods have been investigated by research for protection of wood and wood products. The chir pine, Pinus roxburghii, a native to the outer and principal valleys of the Himalaya gets approximately 10.79 metric ton/ha of needles shed during the year. Pine needle contain 0.2-0.3% of an essential oil. The pine needle being rich in resin content is a highly inflammable fuel for igniting forest fires and they are also slow in decomposition forming a thick layer preventing germination of seeds of associate species. Extractives from the pine needles were isolated and tested at different concentrations against brown rot (Oligoporus placentus) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) by malt-agar bioassay with an objective to develop an eco-friendly wood preservative. Results revealed the effectiveness of pine needle extractive in inhibiting the growth of both the wood rotting fungi completely at low concentrations.

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PP-245: Fumigant toxicity of chloropicrin against wood destroying insect: Lyctus africanus

Himani Pant* and Sadhna Tripathi

Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun [email protected], [email protected]

The practice of using fumigants to control decay has been widely accepted all over the world and has been shown to be effective in controlling internal decay in transmission poles and other large wood timbers. The present study deals with the testing of chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) for its effectiveness in preventing or arresting attack by wood borer i.e. Lyctus africanus Lesne (Coleoptera; Lyctidae). Softwood and hardwood blocks (1.9cm3) were fumigated with different concentrations of chloropicrin. Results revealed that 0.4% concentration of chloropicrin caused 100% mortality of L. africanus larvae in both woods. The lowest concentration tested (0.05%) revealed 74.07 and 87.03% mortality in softwood and hardwood respectively. .On the basis of probit analysis it was observed that the LC50 of chloropicrin for L. africanus is 0.05 in softwood and 0.018 % in hardwood.

PP-246: Property of metal-ligand complex derived from cupric chloride(ii) and tannic

acid

Kanchan Rawat* and Sadhna Tripathi Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute,

Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Copper compounds have been used as wood preservatives as they are both fungicide and insecticide, relatively inexpensive and environmentally acceptable. Copper (II) is probably the most extensive studied among the transition metal ions. Due to the high affinity of copper with different ligands and the wide variety of ligands geometries that it can accommodate, Copper(II) complexes have been extensively studied to find their possible medical uses in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. An increasing number on antibacterial activity studies in copper complexes have been reported. Tannins (tannic acid), ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems, are ecologically important polyphenols with excellent metal-binding capacities due to several o-dihydroxyphenyl groups. Tannins are natural preservatives found in many plant tissues, but their low toxicity prevents their sole use as practical wood preservatives. With the purpose of developing an effective eco-friendly wood preservative, tannic acid was complexed with cupric chloride to form the metal-ligand complex which was tested for its anti-fungal efficacy against brown rot (Oligoporus placentus) and white rot (Trametes versicolor) by malt agar bioassay. The complex was characterized by IR- Spectroscopy. Results proved the potential of metal-ligand complex in causing complete inhibition in the growth of both the wood decaying fungi.

PP-247: Evaluation of compatibility of silicic acid with Phenol formaldehyde

adhesive in plywood

Shweta Bhatt*, Sadhna Tripathi and D. P Khali Wood Preservation Discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun,

Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Plywood is a structural composite wood, known for its unique properties such as dimensional stability, minimum splitting, more strength due to two principal direction and availability of large thin sheets. It is mostly made from non durable species, which need the protection from wood decaying agents, but interaction of preservatives with wood adhesive may lead to poor adhesion of veneers. Therefore it is desirable to study the compatibility of preservatives with adhesive. In the present study silicic acid preservative was added to Phenol formaldehyde adhesive at different concentrations. The effect of different concentrations of silicic acid and various pressing time during plywood manufacturing on adhesive performance was evaluated by glue shear strength testing in dry condition, wet condition and by mycological test against Trametes versicolor. Preliminary result exhibited that glue shear strength of plywood was improved at each concentration viz. 2, 3 and 4% in comparison to control and passed the criteria of IS:848(1974), but high pressing time at 4% concentration reduced the glue shear strength of plywood.

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PP-248: Changes in chemical constituents with heat treatment and its effect on hygrosicopicity of Mangifera indica L. and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Wood

Yasir Ullah Bhoru* and Sadhna Tripathi

Wood Preservation discipline, Forest Products Division, Forest Research institute Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Wood is a versatile material mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Heat treatment of wood results in changes in proportion of these constituents thereby altering its physical, mechanical and anatomical properties. Heat treatment results increase in hydrophobicity of wood hence dimensional stability of wood is improved which is responsible for the shape of any product. The present study deals with heat treatment of wood from two important locally available timber species Mangifera indica L. and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. In an inert atmosphere. Heating was done at various temperatures viz.160, 190 and 210ºC with time intervals of 4, 8 and 12 hours for each treatment. Later on treated samples were analyzed for the status of cellulose and lignin contents and its effect on water absorption of wood at higher humidity. Chemical investigations showed that lignin content of wood increased while cellulose content decreased with increase in temperature and time of treatment as compared to control. During the study it was found that there is general decrease in weight gain of heat treated wood at high humidity compared to untreated wood.

PP-249: A kinetic study on the oxidation of glycine by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions in presence of Iridium Nanoparticles

Anjali Goel and Sonia Sharma*

Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Woman Campus of Gurukul Kangri University, Jawalapur, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Well dispersed colloidal iridium nanoparticles stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone have been prepared successfully by reduction of the hexachloroiridic acid precursor. The synthesized iridium nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM and XPS analysis. The catalysis by colloidal iridium nanoparticles was studied kinetically using the oxidation of glycine - hexacyanoferrate(III) reaction in alkaline medium. The colloidal iridium nanoparticles were found to be more active catalyst for oxidation of glycine. The catalytic system could be recycled and reused.

PP-250: Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence characteristics of Tb3+ doped MgZrO 3

Nanoparticles

Sonika, V. B. Taxak* , S. P. Khatkar and Mukesh Kumar Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India

[email protected], [email protected]

A novel green light emitting Tb3+ doped MgZrO3 nanophosphor was synthesized by combustion synthesis using an organic fuel. The paste is kept in a preheated furnace maintained at 5000C. The combustion process utilizes the enthalpy of combustion for the formation and the solid obtained was again fired at 700 ºC, 900 ºC and 1100 ºC for 3hrs to increase the brightness and crystallinity. Comparing with traditional material processing techniques, combustion method is a relatively simple method. The advantages of short time reaction and low temperature solution based process have been exploited to produce MgZrO3:Tb3+ nanoparticles. The synthesis conditions such as calcinations temperature and fuel concentration are varied in order to determine the exact optimum conditions for synthesizing nanoparticles with superior optical properties and smaller particle size. The nanocrystals obtained through combustion method were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractions (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The average particle size of the synthesized nanophosphor was around 40-70 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows predominant red color of the nanocrystals prepared under an UV source that was attributed to transitions 5D4 → 7F5 at 544nm.

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PP-251: Agnihotra and Homa organic farming

T. Srikar Reddy and M.Vamshi Krishna* [email protected], [email protected]

The earth on which we are living is far worse when compared to the time of past few decades & centuries. People behaved like humans and compared earth as their mother, where as now they started disrespecting her and using her resources far more than the limit and polluting her continuously on the name of development. Giving rise to most Significant environmental problems like soil pollution & Global warming. It is not just a moral question, but also a scientific question that everybody talks about the environment, but very few look for a solution & follow the protection processes to safeguard mother earth. Agnihotra & Homa Organic Farming is the need of the hour which is the only solution suggested, practiced and experienced its fruitful effect by our elders. This purifies the atmosphere and soil. Agnihotra is a simple process of purifying polluted atmosphere through a specially prepared fire, generated by a process in a copper semi pyramid with definite dimensions performed at sun rise & sun set. It is a great aid to harmonize the functioning of life and purification of air, water and soil resources. Homa Organic farming is a better way of soil pollution free cultivation when compared to agro-chemical farming, 75% of nutrients are absorbed from atmosphere by plants and only 25% from soil. Performing of homa helps in carrying the nutrients equally throughout the plants by vascular system. The application of homa ash plays a major role in dissolution of native phosphorus compounds and makes them available to the plants besides mineralization as they contain appreciable amount of phosphorus. To extend the influence of Homa Agriculture, a Resonance point technique (RPT) has also been introduced which has been found successful in many countries including India. It is a great antidote for pollution free farming. Hence to safeguard ourselves and the environment, Agnihotra & Homa organic farming is a must to every human being on this earth has been elobratively dealt with practical findings and personal experiences.

PP-252: Hydrographic conditions prevailing in Thondi and Karangadu coast with special reference to metal distribution in water and sediment

C. Stella and P. Senthil Kumar

Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Algappa University, Thondi Campus, Tamilnadu, India [email protected], [email protected]

The surface water of the Palk Strait is an important region in which to study the complex interactions of biological processes with natural episodic injections of metals into the photic zone. In addition, because of the deferential solubility of oxidized and reduced forms of metals, the subsurface, sub-oxic water of the region may play a significant role in moderating the normal chemical separation of Fe from N and P during the remineralisation of organic matter. The degree to which each of these processes interacts in this ocean region will be of use in elucidating chemical and biological interactions in other, more iron impoverished, oceanic regimes. The present study investigates the physico-chemical characteristics of water and distribution of heavy metals such as Cu, pb, Zn, Fe in water and sediments in Thondi and Karanagadu. It is based on determination and the distribution of various forms and the concentrations of metals, to asses their potential biological effects and the extent to which this distribution is related to biological systems in this region. PP-253: Cadmium bio-monitoring among some plant and vegetable species in Singrauli

region

Sunil K. Pandey Department of Chemistry, A. P. S. University, Rewa, M.P., India

[email protected]

Thermal power plants produce enormous quantity of fly ash as a by - product of combustion of coal or any pulverized fuel at the temperature range of 1300-1600 °C. Fly ash contains several heavy metals like Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, As, Al, Zn etc. and detectable levels of all were found. Heavy metals disrupt the metabolic process of living organism due to dispersion and mobilization of fly ash on environment. Cadmium (Group IIB of the periodic table of element) is a heavy metal posing severe risks to human health. It and its compounds are extremely toxic even in low concentration, and will bioaccumulate in organisms and ecosystems. Up to this day, it could not be shown that cadmium has any physiological function within the biological system. Interest has therefore risen in its biohazardous potential.

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Present study deals with the impact of cadmium in certain plant and vegetable species and indicates an alarming situation in Singrauli region of India.

PP-254: Adaptogenic Activity of the Roots of Asparagus Racemosus Willd in Mice

Joshi Tanuj1*, Negi Deepak2 and Khulbe Preeti1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University,

Nainital, India 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Ethanolic extract of the roots of Asparagus racemosus was evaluated for adaptogenic activity in albino mice using different models of stress like chemical writhing test and swimming endurance test. It was found that the extract improved the stress tolerance in chemical writhing test by significantly reducing the total number of writhings at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. In the swimming endurance test the extract significantly reduced the immobilization time at all the doses as compared to vehicle control group. The mice were divided into the following five groups each containing six animals: Group I (received only distilled water: vehicle control), Group II, III and IV ( treated with different doses of Asparagus racemosus extract; 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively) and Group V (received diazepam as standard drug: positive control). The present study demonstrated that Asparagus racemosus extract reduced the number of writhings significantly as compared to vehicle control. Thus demonstrating antistress activity. Increased swimming endurance in mice, pretreated with adaptogens has been reported and this model is used to evaluate the agents with adaptogenic properties. The swimming endurance paradigm is based on the observation that animals forced to swim in water eventually assumed a characteristic immobile posture, devoid of any activity. The appearance of immobility therefore, reflects a state of tiredness, fatigue, reduced stamina or a lowered mood (hopelessness). These signs represent the core symptoms observed in depressed patients and in individual under intense stress. It is well known that drugs with adaptogenic properties reduce the duration of immobility in animals in physical stress models like swimming endurance test. The no of writhings (mean±SEM) observed for various groups in chemical writhing test were as follows: Group I (42±6.696), Group II (17.6±6.592), Group III (10.6±3.501), Group IV (8±3.764), Group V (5.400±2.159). In the swimming endurance test the immobility time (mean±SEM) observed was as follows: Group I (27.028±0.81), Group II (23.49±1.03), Group III (22.328±0.656), Group IV (21.370±0.388), Group V (17.400±1.568). The results suggest that the extract demonstrated adaptogenic potential in chemical stress model. In our study Asparagus racemosus also reduced the immobility time in swimming endurance test and thus proved its adaptogenic potential. Diazepam, used as a positive control significantly reduced the chemical writhing and immobility time in both chemical induced stress and swimming endurance test.

PP-255: Vibrational spectra of Biomolecule: 5-Nitrouracil

Lakshman Singh1, Upma Singh2, M. K. Arora3, Y. C. Sharma4, M. A. Palafox5 and V. K. Rastogi6

1Department of Chemistry, L R College, Sahibabad, U.P, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, U.P, India

3 GGDSD College, Palwal, Haryana, India 4 Department of Physics, NAS College, Meerut, U.P, India

5Departamento de Quimica-Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Chimicas Complutense, Madrid-28040, Spain 6Department of Physics, CCS University Campus, Meerut, U.P., India

[email protected]

The importane of uracil and its derivatives has been indicated by a considerable number of publications appeared in literature from the structure and spectroscopy point of view [1]. It is also one of the few substituted pyrimidines, reported to be active as chemotherapeutic and mutagenic agents [2], and as radiosensitizers [3]. Replacement of the 5-position hydrogen of uracil with groups that are more electronegative than hydrogen generally enhance the binding of the molecule. Although the vibrational spectra of 5-substituted uracil derivatives have been extensively reported, however, the vibrational analysis of 5-NU has been little studied and using the less accurate MINDO/3 method. Therefore the aim of the present investigation was to study the vibrational spectra of 5-NU completely and rigorously using the DFT method B3LYP/6-31G** implemented in the GAUSSIAN 03 programm package. The IR spectrum of 5-NU in the region 400-4000 cm-1 was recorded with Perkin Elmer FT-IR model 1760 X, using KBr technique with 1 mg sample per 300 mg KBr. The FT-Raman was recorded in powder form in the

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region 50-4000 cm-1 on a Bruker IFS 66 optical Bench with an FRA 106 Raman module. The NIR output (1064 nm) of an Nd:YAG laser was used to excite the probe. The results are discussed in context of assigning the normal modes of 5-NU. The scaled wavenumbers are in general close to experimental ones which allow an unambiguous assignment of vibrational modes. The bands appearing ~ 1685 and 1710 cm-1 have been assigned to v(C4=O) and v(C2=O) modes, respectively. The band appearing at 1120 cm-1 is identified as v(C5-NO2). The most important findings of this study are: (1). The N-H stretching modes are essentially pure group modes. Compared to uracil, the nitro group leads to a red shift of 19 cm-1 in the position of v(N1-H), and 8 cm-1 for v(N3-H). The slightly larger shift in position of N1-H than in N3-H is in accordance to the higher shortening in N1-H than in N3-H bond. (2). The in-plane bending vibration δ(N1-H) appear at higher wavenumbers than δ(N3-H), whereas in out-of-plane,γ(N-H) modes the order is reverse. (3) v(C=C) mode is very sensitive to the substitution. PP-256: Comparative performance evaluation of sewage treatment plants in Gurgaon

Vaishali Sahu and Geetha Varma.V

Department of Civil engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India [email protected], [email protected]

Gurgaon city hosts two Sewage Treatment Plants located in Dhanwanpur village. These plants are designed and constructed with an aim to manage wastewater so as to minimize and/or remove organic matter, solids, disease-causing organisms and other pollutants, before disposal. This article evaluates and compares the actual behaviourof full-scale UpflowAnaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Activated Sludge Process (ASP) wastewater treatment plants in operation in Gurgaon, providing information on the performance of the processes in terms of the quality of the generated effluent and the removal efficiency achieved. The observed results of effluent concentrations and removal efficiencies of the constituents TSS, VSS, BOD and COD have been compared with the typical expected performances as per the standards given by Central Pollution Control Board. The results showed that the best performance was achieved by ASP closely followed by UASB reactor. It was revealed from the performance study that efficiency of the two treatment plants was adequate with respect to removal of total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, BOD and COD. In UASB plant, TSS, VSS, BOD, and COD removal efficiency was 85.9%, 83.5%, 88%, and 87.6%respectively, while in ASP plant, TSS, VSS, BOD, and COD removal efficiency was 89%, 92.8%, 89.7% and 83% respectively. The order of reduction efficiency was BOD< COD < TSS <VSS in UASB plant andVSS<BOD <TSS<COD in ASP plant. Additionally, the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants is discussed.

PP-257: Effect of urea on the pretreatment of Cellulose

Vanshi Uniyal1*, P. K. Gupta2 and Sanjay Naithani3 1Advance Centre for Chemistry of Forest Products, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

3Cellulose and Paper Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The utilization of cellulosic biomass continues to be a subject of worldwide interest in view of fast depletion of our oil reserves and food shortages. Forest and wood industries supply renewable biomass to provide energy, chemicals and materials. Renewable woody biomass is a potential feed stock, which can be transformed into biofuels and biochemicals in addition to heat and energy. Factors like lignin content, crystallinity of cellulose and particle size limit the digestibility of the hemicelluloses and cellulose present in the lingo cellulosic biomass. For a long period of time, research is being carried out to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass for effective conversion into various other utility chemicals. Pretreatment is an important tool for practical cellulose conversion process, which is required to alter the structure of cellulose and to make it more accessible to the enzymes, which convert carbohydrate polymers into fermentable sugars. It is not only costly but has a pervasive impact on the cost of virtually all other biological processing operations. In this study, it was investigated that how the crystalline structure of cellulose in cotton linters changed during its treatment with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide with and without urea as an additive. The change so obtained in the crystal structure of alkali treated cotton linter was characterized by Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) with respect to the crystalline form of the source samples.

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PP-258: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of root of Delonix regia

Vedvir Singh Parihar*, S. M. Patil and Surendra Gusain Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education Science and Technology, Poundha,

Dehradun, Uttarakand, India [email protected]

The chloroform and methanol extracts of root of Delonix regia (Family: Caesalpiniaceae) were studied for the anti-inflammatory activity. Ethanopharmacological literature survey revealed the use of plant in treatment of malaria, bacterial infection. Microscopical evaluation revealed the presence of epidermis, collenchymas, phloem, medullary rays, xylem, metaxylem and in powder microscopy trichomes, starch grains, fiber, calcium oxalate crystals and xylem vessels were observed mainly. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of sterols, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Both the extracts chloroform and methanol (at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models on albino Wister rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using at a two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) of chloroform and methanol extracts. Indomethacin was used as the standard drug. The chloroform and methanol extracts showed more significant result (p < 0.01). The chloroform and methanol extracts of Delonix regia root were showed most significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg in both models when compared with control group.

PP-259: Efficacy of fluorescent Pseudomonds against Meloidogyne incognita on Capsicum annuum under pot trial condition

Verinder Wahla

Department of Microbiology, Kanya Gurukul 2nd Campus Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

An experiment conducted under pot trial conditions (in vivo) on the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on chilli (Capsicum annuum) with rhizospheric fluorescent pseudomonads. Rhizosphere bacteria surrounded at or near the roots of plants have often been reported to stimulate plant growth. Study revealed that the plants treated with fluorescent pseudomonads recorded maximum shoot length, root length; fresh and dry weight of root and shoot and reduction of the nematode population over control was attained after 120 days of treatment. Under in vitro condition fluorescent pseudomonads exhibited strong nematicidal properties against M. incognita.

PP-260: Reviving traditional slow sand filtration Technology for clean, safe and sustainable drinking water supply in rural Himalaya

R. B. P. Singh1*, Pallavi P. Chowhan2, Vikas Vatsa3, Vijay Kumar4 and Rakesh Bahuguna5

1Department of Environmental Sciences, UCST, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, UCST, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

3Forest Informatics Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun , Uttarakhand, India 4 Department of Environmental Sciences, UCST, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

5HIMCON, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected] Water has always been an important and life sustaining drinks to humans and is essential to the survival of all organisms. Drinking water or potable water should have sufficiently high quality so that it can be consumed without risk of immediate or long term harmful effect on human health. Over large parts of the country, people have inadequate access to safe drinking water and most of the supply source either gets contaminated with disease vectors, pathogens and chemical contaminants. Drinking such contaminated water can leads to widespread acute and chronic illness and death of the people. Each year, over 5 million people die due to use of contaminated water and about 6000 children die every day from diseases associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Natural springs form the backbone of drinking water supply in Garhwal Himalaya. According to conservative estimates springs and small streams meet 80% of the total drinking and other allied domestic need of the rural people. The poor sanitation around the water sources open defecation practices, manure spreading in the pasture

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and agriculture terraces has been observed to be the significant sources of bacteriological and other pathogenic contamination. Slow-sand filtration technology has been widely used in U.S.A and European countries since the early 1800s. It is especially appropriate for rural communities to provide clean and safe drinking water without any additional cost of maintenance. Slow–sand-filtration is an efficient method for the removal of turbidly, organic matter, particulate matter and pathogenic organisms. The biofilm developed in the sand bed of the filter act like membrane filter and remove all types of harmful pathogens from the contaminated water. Fecal coliform, viruses, spores and cyst of protozoan, helminthes are completely removed from the raw water. HIMCON an NGO with association of NEERI, Nagpur has developed 2 community Water filtration (Mand Baloo Chhanna/Slow-sand filter) at Chamba, Tehri Garhwal in 2005. Observing the success of filtration efficiencies of installed filter and its proper maintenance by the local communities itself HIMCON has constructed more than 10 such filter in 10 villages of Tehri Garhwal during 2008-10 with the financial support of Arghyam, Bangalore and Himalaya Sewa Sangh, New Delhi. Regular monitoring study of efficiency of these slow-sand-filter results clearly indicates the suitability of this filter in the Himalayan rural areas to provide clean and safe drinking water at very normal cost. The technology of filter construction is very simple and can be made easily with locally available materials maintenance cost of filter is negligible. Water quality monitoring study indicated that it can reduce turbidly < 1 NTU, 90-100% reduction in colour, odour, pathogens including bacteria, viruses and other.

PP-261: Batch removal of hazardous Azo dye Amido Black 10B from wastewater by using waste material Hen Feathers at 300C

Alok Mittal and Vijay Thakur

Department of Chemistry, NIT Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India [email protected]

The adsorption of an azo dye amido black 10B was investigated onto the adsorbent hen feathers employing batch technique at 300C temperature. Various essential factors like, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH and contact time affecting the extent of adsorption were analyzed. The experimental conditions were optimized with the help of various adsorption isothermal models like Freundlich, Langmuir, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. The experimental data have been applied to the isotherms and their constant parameters were determined. The mean adsorption energy obtained through the D-R isotherm gave an understanding about the nature of the adsorption occurring in the removal process. Determination of various thermodynamic parameters such as free energy, entropy etc. has been accomplished with the help of isothermal data. It has been established that spontaneous adsorption process is operative in the present case. The investigation supports that the adsorbent Hen feathers is effective and efficient in removing the toxic dye from wastewaters. PP-262: Isolation and Screening of anti-inflammatory compound from roots of Berberis

aristata

Vinay Gupta1*, Archana Prakash2 and Abhishek Mathur3

1Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Biochemistry, HIHT University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

3Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions (DBGI), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

In the present investigation, different solvent extracts of roots of Berberis aristata were screened for their anti-inflammatory potential against carageenan induced animal model. The extracts were prepared in solvents used on the basis of increasing polarity viz. hexane, chloroform, alcohol and water. It was found that the polar extracts showed potent inhibition of paw edema in comparison to non polar extracts in dose dependent manner. The non polar extracts showed almost similar anti-inflammatory activity but much minimum in comparison to that of polar extracts. The results revealed that alcohol extracts causes 80 % inhibition of paw edema in comparison to that aqueous extracts showing 72 % inhibition of paw edema at doses 50 mg/kg. Further a new, simple, sensitive, selective, and precise high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for analysis of berberine compound in potent extract, and ayurvedic dosage forms was developed and validated. The stationary phase was inert silica gel in C18 column. The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (HPLC Grade) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) in a gradient flow was used. The column was equilibrated with the mobile phase (flow rate 1.0 ml/min); elution was monitored at 346 nm. The compound was further

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screened for anti-inflammatory activity in carageenan induced albino mice against standard drug, Diclofenac sodium. The results confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory activity of Berberine. It was found that the compound showed potent reduction (80 %) in paw edema in comparison to standard drug (70 %).

PP-263: Control of doping by impurity chemical potentials in p-type ZnO

Trilok Kumar Pathak1, Prabha Singh2 and L.P.Purohit3

1Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2Vira college of Engineering, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India

3Department of Physics, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

N2O and predict that the use of dilute NO or NO2 gas would resolve the long-standing problem of achieving Theoretical work has so far focused on the role of host-element chemical potentials in determining defect formation energies that control doping levels in semiconductors. Here, we report on our analysis of the role of the dopant-impurity chemical potential, which depends on the source gas. We present first principles total-energy calculations that demonstrate a wide variation in the possible effective chemical potential of N. We account in detail for the recent puzzling observations of doping ZnO using N2 and p-type ZnO.

PP-264: Response of NPK on vegetable growth of Pelargonium graveolens L. HERIT

Vineet Kandpal*, P.S.Bisht, Prasoon K. Joshi and Neeta Joshi Department of Chemistry, M.B.G.P.G. College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected]

Pelargonium graveolens L. Herit (rose scented) is mainly grown for the production of essential oil which is widely used in high grade perfumery and several cosmetic products. In present investigation, plant height was found to be significantly increased with the increase in dose of NPK. In the study, it was found that about 30% of nitrogen, 60% phosphorous and 70% of potassium was available to the first crop and the rest amount of NPK was available to the next crop which directly influenced in the growth of the plant. The maximum plant height 62.73 cm was recorded from the treatment (T4) NPK 60:60:60 and minimum height 42.08 cm was recorded from the control treatment (T1) during the first harvest. During the second harvest, the maximum plant height 100.30 cm was recorded in the treatment (T8) and minimum 71.20 cm in control treatment (T1). The detailed analysis will present during presentation.

PP-265: Study of physicochemical properties of tooth powders affecting their performance

Vipin K. Sharma, Kapil Kumar, Divakar Joshi* and Nitin Sharma

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected], [email protected]

Plenty of medicated/non-medicated products available in market are consumed through oral route for their effects that suggests strongly the regular hygiene of the oral cavity. Number of dental products of allopathic and ayurvedic origin are used as dentifrices. All the manufactures of the dental products especially dentifrices claim the product superiority in terms of cleansing effect of oral cavity and antimicrobial effect against microbes causing bad smell and diseases such as gingivitis, pyorrhea etc. These features of dentifrices are basically related to physicochemical properties of the ingredients present in their composition and some how on the directions of their use. In the present study, different marketed allopathic and Ayurvedic tooth powders such Colgate, Anchor, Dabur Lal Dant Manjan, Argro Dant Manjan were selected to analyze the impact of their ingredients on cleansing properties of them. Number of tests were performed to correlate the cleansing efficiency with their physicochemical properties such as pH, bulk volume, tapped volume, tapped density, bulk density, true density, porosity, flowability, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, compressability, dispersibility, water soluble content, alcohol soluble content, foaming index, particle arrangement behaviour, particle rearrangement constant. The tooth powders were also analyzed for their antimicrobial effect against microbes generally present as microflora of oral cavity. It was observed that both Ayurvedic tooth powders showed marked antimicrobial effect in comparison to allopathic preparations. Some of the physicochemical properties of all powders were different

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from each other. In all preparations, marked foaming index was analyzed that is generally considered responsible for cleansing effect.

PP-266: Tripartite relationship among mucuna pruriens Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium

and soil under stress condition to improve the soil fertility

Vineet Kumar Vishnoi1 and D. K. Maheshwari2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Legumes play a greater role in rehabilitation and soil fertility management but they must bring additional advantages to farmers, whether as fooder, fuel wood, and food. Legumes contribute significant amount of nitrogen to the system thus reduce the requirement of fertilizers considerably. Mucuna pruriens (Kaunch), a legume, besides having great medicinal value it imparts big role in soil management in a natural and sustainable manner. Unlike other legumes Mucuna pruriens also rehabilitates and fertilized the soil in symbiotic association with root nodulating Nitrogen fixing rhizobia. Mucuna plants are nodulated by high stress tolerant rhizobial strains after bioprospecting. This property is more feasible and economic which contribute to soil fertility in terms of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sodium and organic Carbon level even in stress environment. In India the adoption of Mucuna pruriens as legume cover crop to rehabilitate the arid and semiarid areas is very poor. A detail study on rhizobia -Mucuna –soil interrelationship will be presented with special reference to stress factors.

PP-267: Correlation Analysis of Reactivity in the Oxidation of some Organic Sulfides by

Tetrakis (pyridine) Silver Dichromate: A Kinetic Study

A.K. Meena and Vinita Sharma*

Department of Chemistry, J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, India [email protected]

The oxidation of organic sulfides by tetrakis(pyridine)silver dichromate (TPSD) resulted in the formation of the corresponding sulfoxides. The reaction is first order with respect to TPSD. A Michaelis-Menten type kinetics was observed with respect to the reactants. The reaction is catalysed by toluene-p-sulfonic acid (TsOH). The oxidation was studied in nineteen different organic solvents. An analysis of the solvent effect by Swain's equation showed that the both cation- and anion-solvating powers of the solvents play important roles. The correlation analyses of the rate of oxidation of thirty four sulfides were performed in terms of various single and multiparametric equations. For the aryl methyl sulfides, the best correlation is obtained with Charton's LDR and LDRS equations. The oxidation of alkyl phenyl sulfides exhibited a very good correlation in terms of Pavelich-Taft equation. The polar reaction constants are negative indicating an electron-deficient sulfur centre in the rate-determining step. A mechanism involving formation of a sulphenium cation intermediate in the slow step has been proposed. PP-268: In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous root bark extracts

of oroxylum indicum (l.) Benth

Vinod Nautiyal* and Rajendra Yadav Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences Gurukul Kangri University

Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth is a deciduous plant being used among different localities for treatments of various ailments. Its different parts are used in different diseases viz.bark in liver disorder, diabetes, diarrhea, seeds in hyperlipidemia, general debility etc. Root bark is used in helminthiasis, inflammation, cardiac disorder etc. Easy availability of the plant among farmers and poor peoples make its tremendous significance to the mankind. Present study emphasizes its anti-inflammatory efficacy. The human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization has been used as a method to study the anti-inflammatory activity. Both the extracts were tested for its HRBC protection, and efficacy were compared with Betamethasone taking as a standard drug. Both the extracts showed potent HRBC protection. By performing the above activity it was concluded that aqueous extract was having more anti-inflammatory effect than ethanolic extract, thus the extracts were found to contain potent anti-inflammatory activity.

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PP-269: Characterization of release kinetics of Gliclazide from modified release and

conventional tablets

Vipin K. Sharma, Kapil Kumar*, Diwakar Joshi and Nitin Sharma Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The formulations containing therapeutic moiety(s) are composed of number of polymers that directly/indirectly affect the performance of them. The polymeric networks of modified release preparations have more impact on the drug release profile than in conventional drug delivery devices. All pharmaceutical industries are on the track for searching noble and wonder polymers for fabrication of drug delivery systems with desired therapeutic advantages of used drug(s) in their fabrication with minimal toxic effects. The polymers of natural origin have the ability to fulfill the desired criteria to an extent.The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of manufacturing process, exicipients incorporated during manufacturing etc. on various properties of modified and conventional formulations. Different marketed brands of modified release tablets of gliclazide were selected for the study and compared with conventional tablets. Various tests such as hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration and dissolution in distilled water, 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffer (pH7.4) were performed for the preparations. The release behavior of gliclazide was analyzed by treating the obtained data with different kinetics models viz. Higuchi, Hixon-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, first order and zero order. The release behavior of gliclazide in all formulations was statistically different (p>0.05) in distilled water, 0.1 N HCl and phosphate buffer (pH7.4). It was observed that t50% for conventional tablets in all dissolution media was different statistically (p>0.05) from modified released tablets. During drug release, the delivery devices followed diffusion followed by relaxation behavior that emphasized the effect of exicipients on gliclazide release. PP-270: Dual benefits from kitchen food waste: Production of biogas and bio-manure at

a lab scale study

Virendra Kumar*, Vinayak V. Pathak, Mohd Baqir and Richa Kothari School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India

[email protected]

The utilization of food waste for biogas production can provide a clean, easily controlled source of renewable energy at a small labour input. It provides dual benefits that energy fuel as well as the digested waste or spent slurry which is a more accessible and more valuable fertilizer than the original waste. A two phase lab scale study using food waste as a substrate for 60 day retention time for biogas production was done. Selected substrate is divided into two parts according to the food habits from sample sites i. e. food waste includes onion peels and food waste exclude onion peels. Its physico-chemical characteristics for the production of biogas and various parameters of digested slurry after 60 days retention time, used as bio-manure were done. The study shows more potential for biogas production with food waste excluding onion peel with cattle dung as inoculums in comparative to food waste including onion peel with cattle dung. Simultaneously, analysis of digested slurry after 60 days retention time shows a high nutritive value for nutrients like nitrogen, phosphate and potash for all the selected substrates. Among all the digestates, high nitrogen, phosphate and potash was found in the substrate excluded onion peel with cow dung. So, results show the nitrogen and potassium and phosphate may be makes it good for used in agriculture field. Hence, the experimental results found at lab scale study fully support for dual benefits from a environmental waste material for production of bioenergy and biomanure, value added products for society.

PP-271: Morphological study of cadmium with few aquatic plants.

Vishal Pathak1 and K K Bhardwaj2 1Department of Chemistry, Paliwal (P.G.) College, Shikohabad, U.P., India

2Department of Chemistry, Govt PG College, Fatehabad, U.P., India [email protected]

The acute toxicity of cadmium is well known for about a century but chronic toxic effects have been recognized recently. In the present study, the morphological observations of different concentrations of cadmium have been described with three aquatic plant i,e Marsilea minuta, Hydrilla verticillat, Nymphea stellata.

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PP-272: Saving of DI water in silicon IC Process by adopting of Green Technology

Vijendra Kumar Maurya1, Latif Khan2, Vivek Saxena3 and Meena Kushwaha4 1GITS, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

2Mewar University, Rajasthan, India 3BTKIT, Dwarahat, Uttarakhand, India

4GITS, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] In this paper our main concern is to save DI water used at various stage of IC manufacturing process by eliminating of ROHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) substance from the process materials. A large Fab may use 2-3 million gallons of DI water per day. A reduction in DI water usage in microelectronics fabrication is necessary to address the environmental as well as cost issues. A package is considered “Green” when four material like Lead (Pb), Bromium(Br),Cadmium(Cd)and Antimony (Sb) are not intensively added any IC Manufacturing process. The environmental concern are having a tremendous impact on electronics component and manufacturing process. The removal or reduction of subsidies for environmental damaging activity or product has been strongly advocated. The ROHS directive aim to restrict certain dangerous substance commonly used in electronics equipments. By removing of ROHS from fabrication material we adopt green technology concept and we save resources of green technology like energy ,HSD,water ,chemical and gases etc.that play an important role in the global warming .Any ROHS compliant component is tested for presence of lead(PB),Cadmium,Mercury(Hg),Hexavelent,chromium,Polybrominatedbiphenyles(PBP) Polybrominated Diphenyle Ethane(PBDE).

PP-273: Synthesis of some Novel Β-Diketones from Chalcones

Y.C.Joshi, Neelu Sharma and Shobhita Singh Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

[email protected], [email protected] Chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one) are open chain flavonoids, in which two aromatic rings are linked by a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. Diketones are synthesized by stirring chalcones with bromine solution (Br2:CH3COOH-1:4) for 30 mins., maintaining the temperature of reaction at 0-5oC. Then the solution is refluxed for 3-4 hrs. at 60oC in presence of sodium methoxide. The progress of reaction is monitored through TLC. After completion of reaction, the reaction mixture is extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer is separated and dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which is purified by column chromatography to produce the pure compound. Recrystallize the compound in CHCL3: Acetone. Structure of newly synthesized compounds has been elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR studies.

OCH3

CH2COBr

(A)

R1R2

O

R1

R2

O

O

Br2

(B)(C) (D)

(B)

R1R2

OO

OCH3

H2C C

O

R1

R2

O

O

+

R1= CH3, C6H5, p-NO2 Ph, p-NH2-Ph

R2 = CH3,C6H5,Different substituted methoxy aldehyde at position 3or4 or3,4 or3,4,5

alc.KOH, hydrolysis

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PP-274: Use of coal Fly ash for removal of Phenol from wastewater

Y. P. Chauhan1*, and Mohd. Talib2 1Department of Plastic & Polymer Engineering, Government Polytechnic,

Miraj, Sangli, Maharashtra, India 2University Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University,

Jalgaon,Maharashtra, India [email protected]

Coal fly ash (CFA) is the waste product of combustion of coal in a coal-fired power station. The global annual production of CFA is about 800 million tons and this amount is predicted to increase in the future. However, the global recycling rate of CFA is only 15% posing important challenges in waste management. In India, more than 120 million tons of fly ash is being generated annually with more than 65,000 acres of land being occupied by ash ponds. Several approaches have been made for proper utilization of fly ash; either to reduce the cost of disposal or to minimize the environmental impact. The potential of coal fly ash for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was studied. The study was realized using batch experiments, with synthetic wastewater having different phenol concentration. The effect of system variables such as contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH has been investigated. The suitability of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models to the equilibrium data was investigated for phenol-adsorbent system. The results showed that the equilibrium data for phenol sorbent system fitted the Langmuir model best.

PP-275: Renewable resources based Eco-friendly Paints

Yogendra Sharma, Shealy Bana and Sarika Rani Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

[email protected] The Eco-Paints are Non-toxic paints with zero VOC (Volatile Organic Content) and have no odour and can be tinted to any colour your heart or home desires with non-toxic tints. The use of Eco Paints ensures a healthier body and greener environment to live. In the Eco-Paints, the paints, stains, thinners and waxes are made from naturally-derived raw materials including citrus peel extracts, essential oils, seed oils, tree resins, inert mineral fillers, tree and bee waxes, lead-free dryers and natural pigments. Earth friendly paints is going to become more widely used as we start to see the damaging effects that everyday paints have on our health and in our environment. In this poster we are expressing formulation of natural paints from renewable resources such as water, linseed oil, beeswax, carnauba wax, and natural resins, tree resins, vegetable oils, chalk and mineral pigments, milk protein (casein), clay, lime and mineral pigments.

PP-276: Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Allium Stracheyi

Yuvraj Arya, Abhimanyu and Ravi Pratap Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurved and Medical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

B [email protected] The study investigates the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of various (aqueous, butanol and ethyl acetate) extracts of the whole plant of Allium Stracheyi. The antioxidant assays performed include DPPH and FRAP. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, proteins, and steroids in whole plant. Butanol extract also showed moderate presence of the phytochemicals in the preliminary screening. The aqueous and butanol extracts showed significant antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP assays when compared to the ethyl acetate extract. IC50 value of aqueous extract was found to be 2.23 mg/mL in the DPPH assay. At 2 mg/mL concentration, the aqueous extract showed ferric reducing power of 231.63 µmoles/mg in the FRAP assay. The TLC analysis of the aqueous extract, which showed highest antioxidant activity among the other extracts, was also performed.

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PP-277: Optimization solution using dynamic programming

Gajendra Singh Rawat1*and Anup Shukla2 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University,

Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2I.I.T Kanpur, U. P. , India

[email protected], [email protected]

In this paper, a Dynamic programming approach using Matlab7.4 for solving the economic load dispatch problem is proposed. Software without losses in the system is developed to generate successive sets of possible operating policies. A set of procedures and algorithms are developed for dynamic economic dispatch of generation units. When coupled with a short-term load predictor, "look-ahead" capability is provided by the dynamic economic that coordinates predicted load changes with the rate-of-response capability of generation units. The proposed technique improves the quality of the solution. This Dynamic programming is compared with an improved Hopfield NN approach (IHN) [1], a fuzzy logic controlled genetic algorithm (FLCGA) [2], an advance engineered-conditioning genetic approach (AECGA) [3] and an advance Hopfield NN approach (AHNN) [4]. PP-278: Effect of the Hydrostatic pressure on GaAs1-x Px Laser Diode injection current

Govind Kumar Gupta1, Anand Prakash1, R. P. Gairola2 and S. C. Gupta3

1RIT Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India 2Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India

3I.I.T Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

This work estimates the variation of the injection current with a hydrostatic pressure in GaAs1-xPx material. The behavior of the electroluminescent diodes is found to be altered significantly. The (100) valley minima is low enoughto carry an appreciable fraction of the injected current. It is found that this phenomenon takes place for high pressures for gallium arsenide diodes. The results are verified theoretically.

PP-279: Sensor Networks: Attacks and counter measures

Namit Khanduja and Nishant Kumar Department of Computer Science & Engineering, FET, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

[email protected], [email protected] Recent advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of large-scale sensor networks that consist of many low-power, low-cost, and small-sized sensor nodes. Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale and real-time data processing in complex environments. Security is very important for many sensor network applications, such as military target tracking and security monitoring. Providing security to small sensor nodes is challenging, due to the limited capabilities of sensor nodes in terms of computation, communication, and energy. In this paper, we present the current state-of-art of research on sensor network security. In particular, we discuss several important security issues in sensor networks: obstacles, security requirements and typical attacks.

PP-280: Thermal degradation studies of the glassy alloy in the Se-Te-Pb system

Pankaj Kumar Pal1*, Himanshu Gupta1, L. P. Purohit1, Rajendra Kumar1 and R.M. Mehra2 1Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

2School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India [email protected]

In the present work the non-isothermal kinetic of degradation behaviour of Se70Te30-xPbx (x= 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) was investigated by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). About 10-15mg of each sample in powdered from was sealed in standard aluminium pan and scanned over a temperature range from room temperature to about 1000 0C at uniform heating rates 5 0C /min, 10 0C /min, 20 0C /min and 50 0C /min .The measurements were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at a purge rate 200 ml/min. Kinetic Parameter of degradation were evaluated by using the Flynn Wall Ozawa iso-conversional method. Peak temperature of degradation (Tp) ,

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onset temperature of degradation (Tonset) can be calculated from the TG curves by extrapolating from the curves at the peak of degradation back to the initial weight of the samples The values of the activation energy of degradation at 40% conversion varies now 26.098 to 29.621 KJ / Mol. The higher values of Ea (30.922 KJ/Mol) for a particular composition was optimised for higher thermal stability.

PP-281: Analysis of Geox/Geo/1 System in Discrete time system

Rudraman Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering & Technology,

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

In this paper we analyze a discrete-time Geox/Geo/1 queue where the server works in working vacation .we also analyze waiting time of a customer, delay model, queue length and several vacation model. For this we have used quasi birth and death chain. Various measures of system effectiveness are obtained by making use of semi -markov process.

PP-282: Electronic conduction under annealing in Chalcogen doped a-Si:H

Himanshu Gupta1*, Pankaj Kumar Pal1, L. P. Purohit1, Rajendra Kumar1 and R. M. Mehra2 1Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

2School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida,U.P, India [email protected]

In the present work, various conduction mechanics in amorphous semiconductor, photoconductivity phenomena in a-Si:H have been described. The effect of annealing on dark and photoconductivity of S and Se-doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon films (a-Si : H) have been investigated. The variation of the dark conductivity as a function of temperature have been carried out on unannealed and annealed thin film samples at different annealing temperatures (Ta) from 100°C to 500°C. It was found that the values of both dark and photo conductivity vary with doping concentration as well as annealing temperature. The activation energy was calculated from dependence of dark conductivity measured after the samples were annealed at different temperatures. The variation of photoconductivity with annealing temperature for the Se and S-doped a-Si:H films was also investigated under optimised annealing temperature. PP-283: New method for characterization and treatment of textile waste from industries

around Faridabad (Haryana), India

Jai Bhagwan1, Rajdeep Malik2 and Anuj Kumar2 1Haryana pollution control board, Faridabad, Haryana, India

2Department of Chemistry, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

In order to augment a truly viable method of treatment of dyeing and printing mill wastewater for safe disposal and utilization, data regarding the raw materials, processes in textile industries, water consumption at different stages, chemical composition of dye baths etc have been collected from different industries. The sample of effluents was collected from twenty industries, which are situated around Faridabad, Haryana (India). The results of qualitative/quantitative analysis of these treated/untreated effluents and the optimization studies on different treatment processes were utilized for developing the newer/modified, simpler and cost effective treatment methods. An attempt has also been made to propose new treatment schemes in this regards, Out of the five schemes developed and investigated, sehemes-1 was found best. A comparison of these results in term of various parameters like land area requirement, cost of treatments, percentage colour, BOD, COD and suspended solids reduction suggest that the developed method/schemes are better is terms of treatment and utilization of industrial waste effluents.

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PP-284: Environmental Hazards of Internet usage: Searching and Surfing

Namit Khanduja1, Nishant Kumar1 and Apoorv Kaushik2

1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India

2Computer Centre, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, India [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) we emit individually in any one-year period. CO2 is produced from many sources and is the primary gas responsible for global warming. The carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary and the secondary. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels including domestic energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use. Do you really know? IT industry and internet has overwhelmed all other industries and is a major source of carbon emission. Now when everybody is using internet for their daily needs. To get information we google our query via many search engines and it is one of the big reason for carbon emission. Here I am taking the survey on carbon footprints on searching and surfing on the internet. As per the records two search requests on the internet website Google produce as much carbon dioxide as boiling a kettle. PP-285: Association Mapping and Functional Genomic analysis for salinity tolerance in

Sugarcane

R. S. Sengar and Kalpana Sengar Tissue culture laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture &

Technology, Meerut, U. P., India [email protected]

Progress in traditional breeding of sugarcane is impeded by its narrow gene pool, complex genome, poor fertility, sensitivity to various biotic and abiotic stresses and the long breeding/selection cycle. These constraints, however, make sugarcane a good material for doing research at molecular level. In the past decade considerable progress has been made in understanding and manipulating the sugarcane genome using various biotechnological and cell biological approaches. Notable among them are the crop improvement through somaclonal variation, creation of transgenic plants with improved agronomic or other important traits, advances in genomics and molecular markers, and progress in understanding the molecular aspects of sucrose transport, accumulation and selection for biotic and abiotic stresses. Salinity stress response in multigenic, as a number of processes involved in the tolerance mechanism are affected, such as various compatible solutes/osmolytes, polyamines, reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanism, ion transport and compartmentalization of injurious ions. Various genes/cDNAs encoding proteins involved in the above mentioned processes have been identified and isolated. The role of genes/cDNAs encoding proteins involved in regulating other genes/proteins, signal transduction process involving hormones like ABA and strategies to improve salinity stress tolerance have also been discussed. This information have opened up possibilities for its application to overcome various biotic and abiotic stresses, which are serious threat to sustained sugarcane production to fulfill the sugar demand of ever increasing population. PP-286: Pearson's type distribution fitted in different weather variables with reference

to potato crop growing seasons at Kanpur Zone

Sachin Pathak1, V. K. Tyagi2 and S. B. Singh3

1Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 2M.M. (P.G.) College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

3G.B. Pant University of Ag. & Tech., Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

The study was carried out to fit Pearson’s distribution on weather variables during potato crop growing seasons of past 25 years. The study was carried out at Farrukhabad district (270N23`, 790E35`) (Kanpur Zone) Uttar Pradesh. Eight weather parameters namely average weekly maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity at 07.00 hrs, relative humidity at 14.00 hrs, sun shine hrs, weekly total rain fall, number of rainy days per week and pan evaporation were taken into account. Four central moments of these weather variables were also calculated for fitting of Pearson’s distribution.

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Analysis of data revealed that Pearson’s type-I distribution was fitted in all the weather variables except few seasons, whereas, Pearson’s normal type, type-III and type-VI distribution were fitted in different weather variables.

PP-287: Volatile Organic Compounds in ambient air: A case study of Agra

Anu Chandra and Ashok Kumar School of Chemical Science Department of Chemistry, St. John’s College, Agra, U.P., India

[email protected] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major group of air pollutants which play critical role in atmospheric chemistry. It contributes to toxic oxidants which are harmful to ecosystem human health and atmosphere. Data on levels of VOCs in developing countries is lacking. The present work deal work deals with estimation of target VOCs at different locations in two categories namely residential and industrial in Agra, the City of Taj. The monitoring we carried out was during peak hours in morning and evening each month. The result show that level of VOCs are high and stress the need for regular monitoring programme of VOCs in urban environment. A back trajectory analysis showed that relatively higher levels of VOCs were related to long-range transport of pollutants from polluted area. The vertical motions of air masses also had a large impact on the variations of the level of VOCs.

PP-288: Frequency domain watermarking techniques

Gaurav Kumar1 and Kulbir Singh2

1Department of Electronic and Communication on Engineering, quantum school of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

2Department of Electronic and Communication on Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India [email protected], [email protected]

For protecting creative content and intellectual property in a digital form has become increasingly difficult as technologies, such as the Internet, broadband availability and mobile access, advance. It has grown to be progressively easier to copy, modify and redistribute digital media, resulting in great declines in business profits. Digital watermarking is a steganographic technique that has been proposed as a possible solution to this problem. This paper examines a technique for digital watermarking which utilizes properties of the frequency domain techniques (i.e. DCT and DWT).

PP-289: Development of modified HNN model for the minimization of generation cost and emissions with load balance constraint for generating units

Kuldeep Singh and Gaurav Tyagi

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University Haridwar Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

The economic load dispatch (ELD) is one of the most important optimization problems from the view point of power system to derive optimal economy. Classically, it is to identify the optimal combination of generation level of all generating units which minimizes the total fuel cost while satisfying the load. As the time progresses, the environmental constraints are becoming foremost important in deciding the operation of thermal units. Therefore, conventional load dispatch problem has to be solved to find the generation level that minimise the cost or minimise the emission level or their combination subjected to load balance. Even the environmental emission can be taken as the constraints in cost optimisation problem. Therefore, an efficient and diversified model is needed to handle the above variations in the problem. The solutions to the above problems is attempted using Modified Hopfield Neural Network (HNN), which works on the principal of minimizing the energy function as conventional HNN and therefore sure to converge but differs from conventional HNN. In the conventional HNN, equality constraint on load is combined into objective cost after assigning suitable weightage factors. The computational procedures include selection of weighting factors and thus the convergence depends on the weight selection. In the modified HNN, there is flexibility of taking objective function and the constraints separately. The internal parameters of neural networks are computed using valid subspace approach, which guarantee the convergence of solution at equilibrium points. In this paper, the environmental economic dispatch is considered and the following has been attempted 1. Cost optimisation with load balance constraint

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2. NOx emission optimisation with load balance constraint 3. SOx emission optimisation with load balance constraint 4. Cost optimisation with SOx and NOx emissions with load balance as constraint The results have been calculated using Modified HNN and these will also be compared with classical λ and classical HNN methods for cost optimisation.

PP-290: A polyesteramide resin from Jatropha curcas seed oil for anticorrosive coating

R. S. Sengar1, Reshu Chaudhary1 and R. K. Soni2

1Tissue Culture Lab, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut ,U. P., India

2Department of Chemistry, CCS University, Meerut, U. P., India [email protected]

In recent years application of renewable resources has become the matter of choice in the field of coating and paints industries. India is an agriculture based country crowned with various plants and herbs. The seed oil of some plants and herbs neither used for edible purpose nor significantly used for medicinal purposes. Jatropha curcas is a stress - resistant perennial plant growing on marginal soils. This plant is widespread throughout arid and semiarid tropical regions of the world and has been used as a traditional folk medicine in many countries. Jatropha can be planted on any kind of soil. In the recent years, Jatropha has become famous primarily for the production of biodiesel; besides this it has several medicinal applications, too. Most parts of this plant are used for the treatment of various human and veterinary ailments. Jatropha curcas seed oil having suitable unsaturation in the fatty acid chain and also has low viscosity provide an opportunity to utilize in making polyesteramide resins contain sufficient amide linkage and known to improve water and chemical resistance performances. The polyesteramide of jatropha curcas applied on mild steel strips of required sized to investigate the protective efficiency. It has been found that the polyesteramide developed from the jatropha curcas not only protect the metals from the environmental attack but also required low solvent for application i.e. friendly to environment also.

PP-291: Recent Development of PTFE (Polytetraflouroethylene) Polymer Composites for Corrosion Control

F. S. Gill, Sarita Chandra, Kiran Sharma and Awanish Sharma

Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

Synthesis of PTFE coating for anticorrosive applications has been surveyed. As PTFE composites have various properties such as dispersion hardening, self-lubricity, high temperature oxidation resistance, excellent wear and corrosion resistance. They have importance in many fields; the newer composite materials are being synthesized through different existing techniques. Because of large availability of nano particles, nowadays they are generally used in composite coating for achieving good mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The corrosion resistance property is enhanced by co-deposition of nano materials like CNT, MWCNTs, TiO2, Fe2O3 and so forth, with metals (Al, Zn, and Cu). Fillers are added to PTFE to increase its wear resistance, as Hydrophilic-filler-reinforced PTFE composites yield higher wear rate. In this article, we have reviewed some PTFE composites filled with different nano particles and filler to improve the corrosion resistance property.

PP-292: Green Computing and Energy conservation through use of LEDs in various ways

Prabhakar Kumar, Raghvendra Dixit, Kuldeep Singh Rathor and Vivek Kumar

Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Our aim is to create awareness about our present technology in order to minimise the power consumption in which we never give a proper thought. Through our poster which would contain combined information including green computing and energy conservation through the use of LEDs at various places, where a lot (considerable) of power could be saved. It could be use of array of LED’s at Traffic signal light replacing the traditional Incandescent bulbs. It could be the customized usage of our webpage “GOOGLE” which when customized to a different colour background could give light to million of villages. We would also show

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demonstration by use of lemon batteries for lighting a Incandescent bulb and on other hand a LED which will give a higher efficiency as compared to Incandescent bulb or CFL. LED use in LED monitors as compared to normal CRT monitors could save million energy. In green computing we will include the description regarding the Sleep mode of the Computer and different power saving schemes.

PP-293: Reduction in starch content experienced by selected wheat varieties under heat stress condition

Vikas Kumar singh, Amit Kumar and R. S. Sengar

Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, U. P., India

[email protected] Heat stress due to global warming is one of the major constraints in the way of higher wheat productivity; since the productivity is depend on the quality of wheat grain or the starch content within the wheat grain. As starch is an important storage carbohydrate in wheat plant. Heat stress during grain development adversely affects the starch content of grain in wheat which results in poor grain quality and yield. In this study six cultivated genotypes belonging to hexaploid (BBAADD) wheat species were evaluated for heat stress tolerance in the field of Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel University of agriculture and technology on three dates 18 November (control condition), 15 December (medium stress condition), and 15 January (heat stress condition) during 2010-2011. The crop sown in heat stress condition experienced maximum reduction in starch content in comparison to other sowing condition i.e. controlled and medium stress condition, often which some heat tolerant genotype show least reduction in starch content in comparison to susceptible ones.

PP-294: Comparison between Unibiometric Systems and Multibiometric Systems

Shekhar Karanwal and Shashank Sharma Department of Computer Scienmce Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected] , [email protected]

Biometrics is one of the biggest tendencies in human identification. Biometrics has long been known as a robust approach for person authentication the biometric system corresponding to all users in the database take Face, Fingerprint, Voice, Handwritten Signatures, and Retina etc. Systems that consolidate evidence from multiple sources of biometric information in Orders to reliably determine the identity of an individual are known as multibiometric systems. Multibiometric systems can alleviate many of the limitations of unibiometric systems because the different biometric sources usually compensate for the inherent limitations of the other sources. Multibiometric systems combine the information presented by multiple biometric sensors, algorithms, samples, units, or traits. Besides enhancing matching performance, these systems are expected to improve population coverage, deter spoofing and impart fault tolerance to biometric applications. This introductory paper enumerates the various sources of biometric information that can be consolidated as well as the different levels of fusion in a biometric system.

PP-295: Normalization of Scores and Product rule Fusion in Multibiometric systems

Shekhar Karanwal and Shashank Sharma Department of Computer Scienmce Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India [email protected], [email protected]

Multibiometric systems combine the information presented by multiple biometric sensors, algorithms, samples, units, or traits. Besides enhancing matching performance, these systems are expected to improve population coverage, deter spoofing and impart fault tolerance to biometric applications. A multimodal biometric system integrates information from multiple biometric sources to compensate for the limitations in performance of each individual biometric system. In a multimodal biometric system, the effective fusion method is necessary for combining information from various single modality systems. In a multimodal biometric system, various levels of fusion are possible: fusion at the feature extraction level, matching score level or decision level. Integration at the matching score level is generally preferred due to the ease in accessing and combining matching scores. This

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paper focus on the performance of product rule-based score level fusion. Before fusion of product rule, normalization is done by using min-max normalization.

PP-296: A Preliminary study on Sewage Quality Improvement through Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Sangeeta Madan* and Neelam Verma

Department of Environmental Science, Kanya Gurukul Mahavidyalaya, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

[email protected] Increased urbanization, industrialization and over population is leading to the degradation of the environment. Water bodies are the main targets for disposing the pollutants directly or indirectly. Most conventional remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solution to pollution problems. The use of special plants for environmental clean-up is an emerging technology known as Phytoremediation. Water hyacinth is considered as the most efficient aquatic plant used in removing vast range of pollutants such as organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. Water hyacinth has been used in aquatic systems for wastewater purification since many years worldwide. In the present study, the performance of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was investigated in reducing nutrient concentration of municipal wastewater collected from sewage pumping station situated at Singh Dwar, Haridwar. Parameters selected for the study purpose were temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, TKN, pH, Hardness, Inorganic phosphorus, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Water hyacinth was found efficient in the reduction of certain parameters i.e., 50% in the case of TDS, 55% in BOD, 45% in COD, 44% in hardness, 52% in phosphorus. Thus, it can be concluded that water hyacinth is capable of removing the undesirable amount of nitrate and phosphorus in the municipal wastewater.

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Author Index

Aarti 76,131,135 Abdullah M. A. 8 Abhimanyu 77,178 Afzaal M. 8 Agarwal A. 55,61,66,84,

145 Agarwal P. 130 Agarwal S. 48,79,42 Aggarwal S. 165 Agrawal A. K. 116 Agrawal R. 35 Agrwal A. 82 Aguilera I. 4 Ahluwalia A. K. 2 Ahmad A. 23 Ahmad R. 138 Ahmad Z. 57 Ahmed S. 45 Ajaz S. 65 Ali S. R. 152 Aman R. 145 Anand S. 50 Andola H. C. 121 Angelov I. 43 Anjum A. 54 Ansari K. R. 43 Ansari M. 106 Anthwal A. C. 79 Anu 71 Anupma 58,88 Anwar F. 111 Arbad B. R. 63 Archana 40 Arora A. 86,90 Arora A. K. 89 Arora G. 58 Arora M. K. 170 Arora N. 161,150,108,

124 Arora P. 69 Arora R. 46 Arora V. 52 Arun U. 16 Arya S. 158,102 Arya Y. 178 Aswal M. S. 44 Aswani B. 90 Avasthi A. 43 Avasthi S. 47 Babu P. 130 Bachetti R. K. 143 Bahuguna A. 77,78,91 Bahuguna R. 172 Bahuguna S. 77,91,78 Bais R. 128 Bajala V. 50 Balasubramania N. 49

Bali R. S. 77 Balkar S. S. 165 Bana S. 178 Bandu M. 28 Bandyopadhya N. R. 60 Bandyopadhyay P. 19 Banga S. 99 Baniwal S. 64,71 Bansal M. 150 Bansal R. 108 Bansal V. K. 152 Baqir M. D. 176 Barkha 163 Barnwal S. 158 Basavaraja 30 Bauddh K. 112 Belwal Mamta 116 Bernabé M. 109 Beschkov V. 43 Bhagat S. L. 47 Bhagwan J. 180 Bhandari S. 153 Bhardwaj K. K. 176 Bhardwaj M. 61 Bhardwaj S. 53 Bhardwaj S. 75 Bharti U. 94 Bhartiand R. C. 141 Bhatia A. 82,156 Bhatnagar A. 83 Bhatt A. K. 110 Bhatt D. 38 Bhatt R. 142 Bhatt S. 167 Bhatt V. 39 Bhattacharjee S. 60 Bhavya 33 Bhoru Y. U. 168 Bilgaiyan P. 110 Bisht A. 102 Bisht B. S. 89 Bisht G. 102 Bisht M. S. 116 Bisht P. S. 174 Bisht T. 164 Biswas S. 74 Bogra P. 151 Bora M. 118 Brijesh 125 Chahar M. K. 115 Chand M. 128 Chandel C. P. S. 39 Chander J. 107 Chander S. K. 109 Chandra A. 182 Chandra M. 117 Chandra P. 152

Chandra S. 58,88,89,183 Chatterjee S. 3 Chatterjee S. J. 140 Chaube U. C. 36 Chaudhary A. 54,134 Chaudhary A. N. 81 Chaudhary M. 119 Chaudhary P. 33,134,135 Chaudhary R. 81,140,183 Chaudhary R. S. 23 Chaudhary S. 145 Chaudhry S. A. 146 Chauhan A. 84 Chauhan D. 96 Chauhan R. P. 129 Chauhan Y. P. 178 Chhabra R. K. 151 Chongder D. 60 Chopra A. K. 40,41 Chowhan P. P. 172 Chuhan R. 117 Conesa J. C. 4 Cshoudhury S. 161 Cui H. 7 Dabral S. K. 153 Dangwal D. 105, 123 Dangwal L. R. 30,80,166 Dangwal M. 120 Das D. 31 Dass G. 107 Datta M. 6,54,65,68,86,

154,126 Dawre R. K. 87 Deepak N. 170 Deepak S. N. 96 Deepika 33 Deshpande M. R. 97,100 Deshwal B. 109 Devi P. 76,131,135 Devi S. 53 Dhakad P. 126 Dhakite P. A. 133 Dharaskar S. A. 165 Dhayal Y. 39 Dheeraj S. 66,100 Dikshit D. 31 Dimri P. 105,133 Din K. D. 19 Dixit P. 183 Dixit R. 37 Dobhal B. S. 127 Dobhal M. P. 22,115,148 Dua P. 54 Dua V. K. 70 Dubey G. P. 104 Dubey N. 122 Dubey R. 58

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Dubey T. 48 Dutta S. 155 Dwivedi J. 117 Dwivedi R. 142 Dwivedi V. K. 140 Farooqui M. 127 Farswan J. S. 124,150 Fresno F. 4 Fuloria D. 96 Gaba S. 156 Gaidhane P. K. 148 Gaijon P. 126 Gairola R. P. 179 Gajbhiye A. 17 Garg A. N. 146 Garg A. P. 92 Garg T. 53 Garud N. 56 Gaur A. 60 Gaurav 123 Gautam S. S. 73 Genwa K. R. 59,111 Ghodile S. B. 148

Gill F. S. 183 Goel A. 83,142,155,

168 Goel C.K. 99 Goel K. K. 71,89,96,128 Goel N. 71 Goel R.Y. 110 Gogte B. B. 133 Gokhale A. 85,86 Gopal R. 12 Goswami K. K. 140 Govindiah R. 3 Goyal D. 101 Goyal H. O. 140 Goyal S. 92 Gunwant H. 105 Gupta S. 118 Gupta A. 50 Gupta A. P. 58 Gupta C. 92 Gupta G. K. 179 Gupta G. S. 39 Gupta H. 179,180 Gupta J. K. 69 Gupta K. S. 2,39 Gupta L. N. 39 Gupta M. 119 Gupta N. 122 Gupta P. 113,115,125,

132 Gupta P. K. 96,123,171 Gupta S. 37,92 Gupta S. C. 52,179 Gupta V. 124,150,173 Gupta V. K. 55 Gururani K. 111 Gusain S. 164,172

Halve A. K. 67,69,81 Hariom 160 Hasan N. 52 Haseeb S. 138 Hossini H. 106 Huma A. 137 Hundekar P. P. 97,100 Ishaq F. 103 Ishar M. P. S. 5 Jadon N. 124 Jaideep 153 Jain C. L. 123 Jain D. 88 Jain P. 34,125 Jain P. K. 126 Jain R. 8,37,67,124 Jain R. K. 139 Jain S. 65,127,151,

152,162,163 Jangra N. A. 89 Jangra A. K. 89,128 Jeeva V. 90 Jeong J. 51 Jha M. K. 15 Jhankal K. K. 57 Jhare D. 80 Jodha K. 128 Joe H. 21 Johari A. 42 Joram S. K. 57 Joseph J. 161 Joshi C. 31 Joshi D. 97,174,176 Joshi G. C. 115 Joshi H. C. 105 Joshi N. 38,118,174,

134 Joshi P. K. 174 Joshi P.C 131 Joshi S. 64,110 Joshi T. 73 Joshi U. D. 66,97,100 Joshi V. 49 Joshi Y. C. 148,177 Jumat N. A. 8 Jyothy V. B. 21 Kamal R. 64 Kamboj N. 33 Kamboj R. C. 62 Kandpal B. 99 Kandpal V. 174 Kankoriya A. 67,81 Kant A. 86 Kapure G. P. 97 Karanwal S. 184 Kashyap R. 70,143 Kathal R. 67,81 Katiyar S. R. 40 Kaur A. 108 Kaur J. 108

Kaur M. 68,84,117 Kaur N. 76,132 Kaushik A. 181 Kaushik P. 72 Kaushik R. D. 9,24 Khali D. P. 167 Khan I. 150 Khan L. 177 Khan M. Z. 88 Khan P. A. 127 Khan P. M. A. 127 Khan R. A. 127 Khan R. U. 137 Khan S. A. 120 Khanduja N. 181 Khanna D. R. 103 Khanna P. P. 12 Kharkwal G. 103,104 Khatana D. 99 Khatana G. 99 Khatana H. 99 Khatkar S. P. 69,120,139,

144,156,168 Khavanin A. 106 Khemnani S. 90 Khulbe P. 73 Kimothi V. D. 111 Kishor B. 113 Kishore D. 55,61,66,76,

131,132,135, 136

Kishwar S. 112 Kosankar P. T. 148 Kostova I. 24 Kothari R. 176 Kothiyal V. 153 Kour B. 99 Krishna G. 43,47 Krishna J. 108 Krishna M. V. 169 Kuldeep 113,115 Kulshreshtha A. 80 Kulshrestha S. 153 Kumaar M. S. 157 Kumar A. Kumar A.

19,51,52,63, 71,78,79,80, 82,84,87,89, 100,110,125, 127,180,182, 184

Kumar B. 56 Kumar D. 51,62,100 Kumar G. 140,182 Kumar I. 86 Kumar J. 108 Kumar K. 87,109,110,

174,176 Kumar M. 120,168 Kumar N. 26,52,115,125

126,179,181

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Kumar P. 62,73,89,123,127,152,154, 158,165,183

Kumar P. S. 169 Kumar R. 54,67,93,104,

115,139,141, 142,179,180

Kumar S. 21,31,35,48, 51,57,64,65, 71,99,106, 108,124,150, 152,154

Kumar T. 117,129 Kumar V. 15,44,51,53,

67,85,94,96, 140,156,172, 176,183

Kumar Y. 60,135 Kumari A. 15 Kumari N. 121 Kumari R. 79,139 Kumri K. 107 Kunwar G. 104 Kuppa S. S. 47 Kushwaha M. 177 Kushwaha S. 166 Lahot P. 159 Lakshmi V. 159 Lala A. 151 Langyan R. 144 Latwal M. 152 Lee J. C. 15 Lee Jae-chun 51 Liu W. 7 Lohani N. 115 Lucena R. 4 Madan S. 71,185 Mahajan R. 129 Mahender B. 3 Maheshwari D. K. 175 Maken S. 60,159 Makrandi J. K. 65,139 Malav B. B. 91 Mali P. Y. 56 Malik A. 119 Malik D. S. 94 Malik G. K. 53 Malik R. 139,180 Malik S. 74,160 Malik S. A. 51 Mamta 142 Mandal A. K. 140 Mandal U. K. 42 Manu 138 Marí B. 109 Matela G. 145 Mathela C. S. 7 Mathur A. 70,130,143,

173 Mathur P. 63

Mathur R. 145 Mathur S. 156 Maurya V. K. 177 Mazumdar B. 74 Md. Raees 128 Meena 102,118 Meena A. K. 175 Meena B. 160 Meena K. S. 126 Meena P. L. 126 Mehra R. 13,91,143 Mehra R. M. 179,180 Mehrotra A. 45 Mehta R. 140 Melkani A. B. 92,116 Melkani B. 114 Miguel M. 109 Mishra A. 88 Mishra A. P. 20,139 Mishra L. 17 Mishra M. 31,93 Mishra P. R. 144 Mishra R. 84,136,145 Mishra R. A. 144 Mishra S. 82 Mishra S. K. 36 Mishra S. N. 64,137 Mishra S. R. 144 Mital J. P. 1 Mittal A. 80,173 Mittal M. 67 Mohan L. 92,114 Mollar M. 109 Mónica M. 109 Munirathnam N. R. 3 Naaz Z. 117 Nadim M. M. 65 Nagdev R. 35 Nagwanshi R. 127 Naidu Ch. A. 3 Nain K. 99 Nainwal A. 53 Naithani S. 171 Namasivayam C. 68 Nandanvankar H. V. 66 Naqvi S. A. H. 93 Narain S. 36 Narayan K. D. 108 Nath V. 35 Naushad M. 125 Nautiyal V. 175 Naveen 160 Navneet 60,73 Nayab P. S. 138 Nayak A. 55 Nazir M. S. 8 Negi A. 123,133 Negi D. 73,102,123,

133 Negi D. S. 95,111,121

Negi J. S. 59 Negi R. K. 81 Nigmalankar S. 27 Nijagunappa 162 Nishat N. 120 Ojha C. S. P. 36 Ojha S. P. 9 Omer A. 30 Ortiz L. 109 Pal A. 22,56 Pal P. K. 179,180 Palacios P. 4 Palafox M. A. 18, 21,170 Palani R. 49 Pali A. 79 Paliwal S. 84,145 Pande C. 25,92,103,111 Pandey A. 56,77,88,132 Pandey A. K. 50,51 Pandey D. C. 82 Pandey G. 58,88 Pandey I. P. 105 Pandey I. P. 106 Pandey K. K. 89 Pandey N. 111 Pandey P. 111 Pandey S. K. 169 Pant A. K. 25 Pant C. C. 92,114 Pant C. K. 111 Pant H. 59,105,167 Pant H. V. 64,71 Panwar P. 111 Panwar R. M. 45 Panwar S. 18,54 Pareek A. 76,132 Parihar J. S. 40 Parihar S. P. 39 Parihar V. S. 164,172 Park J. W. 60 Parmar K. 60 Parveen S. 119 Patel M. K. 44 Patel R. 83 Pathak A. 110 Pathak C. 41 Pathak H. 15,165 Pathak M. K. 31 Pathak P. P. 43,47,85,98 Pathak P. V. 34 Pathak S. 181 Pathak T. K. 129,174 Pathak V. 176 Pathak V. V. 176 Patil M. B. 47 Patil S. 17 Patil S. M. 95,172 Pattnaik S. S. 1,53 Peshwe A. G. 63 Phate B. W. 133

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Prabhat 60 Prabu P. V. 49 Prakash D. 92 Prakash A. 113,155,173,

179 Prakash O. 64 Prakash P. 134 Prakash T. L. 3 Prasad B. 14,78,91 Prasad G. B. K. S. 70 Prasad R. 31,93,137 Prashant P. 134 Pratap B. 90 Pratap R. 77,178 Preeti K. 133,170 Priyanka 33 Promila 45,121 Pundir A. S. 113 Punetha D. 97,101 Puri N. 60,84,84,123 Purohit K. K. 12 Purohit L. P. 67,129,174,

179,180 Pushpendra 137 Puttaih 30 Radhapyari K. 124 Ragavarajan V. 157 Rahim N. A. 49 Rahisuddin 112,138 Raina 33 Raina N. 38 Raja B. 162 Rajanna K. 15 Rajora Y. 99 Rajput J. P. S. 50 Ramaswamy K. 3 Rana A. 163,164 Rana A. J. 102 Rana M. 102 Rana P. S. 112 Rana R. S. 140 Rani A. 87,158 Rani M. 76,117,132,

159 Rani N. 83 Rani S. 178 Rao D. P. 58 Rao M. S. 11 Rao S. 99 Rasmi 123 Rasool R. 120 Rastogi V. K. 18,21,31,93,

170 Rathi P. 117,129,139 Raturi A. 153 Ravi R. 109 Ravina 140 Rawat B. S. 56 Rawat G. S. 179 Rawat K. 167

Rawat M. S. M. 64 Reddy M. R. P. 3 Reddy T. S. 169 Rezaee A. 106 Roy I. 50 Roy R. K. 134 Ruby 117 Rudraman 180 S. Sahu S. 50 Sachdeva D. 57 Sagar C. P. 59 Sah A. N. 121 Sah P. L. 96 Sahoo P. K. 129 Sahu O. P. 48 Sahu V. 171 Saikia A. K. 42 Saini A. 113,125 Saini A. K. 31 Saini N. K. 12 Saini R. 46,113 Saira M. 160 Salgare S. A. 147 Saluja A. K. 2 Samantilleke A. P. 6 Sand N. K. 97 Sandhu S. S. 46 Sanjay 60,73 Sapkal R. S. 47 Sapkal V. S. 47 Sarita 150 Sastri D. 28 Sati V. 38 Satnami M. L. 127 Satsangi G. P. 142 Saxena S. K. 47 Saxena C. 71 Saxena S. 157 Saxena V. 177 Seema 154 Sekar N. 11 Seminovski Y. 4 Semwal A. 121 Semwal M. 131 Semwal V. P. 101 Sengar K. 181 Sengar R. S. 82,181,183,

184 Sethi V. K. 38 Shah R. 87 Shahid M. 117 Shailja 155 Shakeel M. 45 Shakunj 155 Sharma A. 30,64,80,82,

106,113,145, 166,183

Sharma A. K. 14,41,48,129 Sharma C. 35,145 Sharma D. 63,64,85,86,

96 Sharma D. K. 21,57 Sharma G. R. 104 Sharma H. 106 Sharma K. 183 Sharma M. 55,61,66,109 Sharma M. P. 88 Sharma N. 45,72,121,

174,176,177 Sharma P. 19,76,150,128

,128,132,142 Sharma P. K. 63 Sharma P. P. 74 Sharma R. 35,162 Sharma R. K. 37 Sharma S. 95,117,119,

145,151,152, 154,168,184

Sharma S. P. 42 Sharma T. P. 127 Sharma V. 48,52,53,175 Sharma V. K. 56,74,134,174

,176 Sharma Y. 178 Sharma Y. C. 170 Shashikant 110 Sheetal 69,156 Sherwani M. R. K. 119 Shin D. 51 Shukla A. 93,179 Shukla D. K. 78 Shukla V. 51 Shyam R. 83 Siddegowda. S 162 Sikarwar S. 37 Sindal R. S. 90 Singh N. 78 Singh A. 13,30,88,81,

109 Singh A. D. 80,166 Singh A. K. 122,123 Singh B. 42,51,110,150 Singh C. 18,92,94,111 Singh C. P. 57 Singh D. 18,42,43,51,

94,98,98,99 Singh D. P. 141 Singh G. 18 Singh H. 42 Singh J. 79,86,107,123

,162 Singh K. 60,111,182 Singh K. C. 109,160 Singh L. 170 Singh M. 10,99 Singh N. 32,121 Singh N. P. 107,123 Singh O. P. 125 Singh P. 19,24,33,71,

107,129,174

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Singh P. P. 40 Singh R. 72,143,146 Singh R. B. P. 172 Singh R.P. 137 Singh S. 94,148,155,

177 Singh S. B. 181 Singh S. K. 161 Singh S. N. 42 Singh S. P. 152 Singh T. 30,80,166 Singh U. 113,170 Singh V. 55,61,66 Singh V. K. 13,82,184 Singh Y. D. 116 Singhal K. 113,132 Singhal P. 71,89,110,128 Singhal S. 156 Singla S. 149,150 Singla T. 149 Sinha A. K. 63 Sinha P. 17 Sinha S. K. 51 Sivakumar V. 16 Sohoni P. 107 Soman S. 147 Songara K. 128 Soni P. 67 Soni R. K. 1,54,24,61,62,

64,69,118, 183,130,166

Sonika 120,168 Sonkawade R. G. 93 Soucase B. M. 3 Sri R. 141 Sri S. 141 Sri S. R. 47 Srivastava A. 70 Srivastava J. N. 142 Srivastava M. 116 Srivastva N. 45 Stella C. 169 Sudha L. 114 Sudheer Ch. 3

Sukula S. 31 Sumi A. 166 Sundriyal P. 84 Sunil 45,121 Suri R. K. 10,11 Swami R. K. 16 Talib Md. 178 Tamta S. 88 Tandon P. K. 18 Tanuj J. 170 Tanwar R. P. 18 Taxak V. B. 69,120,139,

156,168 Teotia M. 62,118 Tewari G. 94,97,104,155 Tewari K. 111 Tewari L. M. 115 Thakur A. S. 143 Thakur S. 166 Thakur V. 173 Tiwari M. M. 60,62,75 Tiwari P. 133 Tomer K. K. 116 Tomer N. 123 Tripathi A. 157 Tripathi H. 43,47,98 Tripathi S. 105,166,167,

168 Trivedi A. 88 Trivedi V. 77 Tyagi A 85 Tyagi D. S. 93 Tyagi G. 182 Tyagi M. 32 Tyagi P. 53,135 Tyagi S. K. 50 Tyagi V. K. 181 Tyagi V. V. 49 Udayvir 115 Uniyal V. 171 Upadhyay N. 125 Upadhyaya K. 164 Uttam L. K. 115,125

Vakil S. 163,164 Vala A. K. 83 Varadaraju U. V. 16 Varma G. 171 Varshney S. 95 Vashishta P. 141 Vashney S. 102 Vatsa V. 172 Venko N. B. 5 Verma A. 54,151 Verma I. 107 Verma N. 185 Verma K. S. 42 Verma M. 119 Verma R. C. 2 Verma R. K. 140 Verma S. K. 130 Verma S. R. 146 Verma V. 80 Vidyarthi S. 164 Vijay J. 96 Vijay S. 87 Vinod G. 95,96,102 Vishnoi V. K. 175 Vyas K. 110 Wadhwa D. 64 Wahjoedi B. A. 8 Wahla V. 172 Wahnón P. 4,109 Yadav A. 140 Yadav A. K. 21,104,126 Yadav H. R. P 14 Yadav I. 51 Yadav R. 38,175 Yadav R. S. 79 Yadav S. K. 33,35,36 Yadav T. 126 Yadav V. 38 Yadava R. N. 26 Yajurvedi D. 95 Zaheer A. 127 Zaidi M. G. H. 45,96

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