compilation of laboratory normal values

8/13/2019 compilation of laboratory normal values

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High density lipoproteins (HDL)is desired as opposed to thelow density lipoproteins (LDL), two types of cholesterol.

Elevated cholesterol has been seen in artherosclerosis,

diabetes, hypothyroidism and pregnancy. Low levels are

seen in depression, malnutrition, liver insufficiency,

malignancies, anemia and infection.

Normal Adult Range: < 200 mg/dL

Normal Adult Range: > 30 mg/dL

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LDL Cholesterol is considered "bad cholesterol"because

cholesterol deposits form in the arteries when LDL levels are

high. An LDL level of less than 130 is recommended, 100 is

optimal, values greater than 160 are considered high risk and

should be followed up by your physician. Those who have

established coronary or vascular disease may be instructed by

their doctor to get their LDL Cholesterol well below 100.

Normal Adult Range: < 130 mg/dL

CHOLESTEROL/LDL RATIO Normal Adult Range: 16

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Triglyceride is fat in the blood when elevated,has been

associated with heart disease, especially if the triglycerides

are over 500 mg. High triglycerides associated with

pancreatitis. Increased levelsmay be present in

artherosclerosis, hypothyroidism, liver disease,

pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, metabolic disorders,

toxemia, and nephrotic syndrome. Decreased levelsmay

be present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, braininfarction, hyperthyroidism, malnutrition, and

malabsorption.

Normal Adult Range: 35 - 160 mg/dLhttp://www.drstandley.com/labresults_blood_fats.shtml

White Blood Count (WBC) is the number of white

cells:High WBCcan be a sign of infection. Low white

countscan be a sign of bone marrow diseases or an

enlarged spleen. Low WBC is also found in HIV infection

in some cases.

http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_complete_blood_c

ount.shtml

Hemoglobin (Hgb) and Hematocrit (Hct):The

hemoglobin is the amount of oxygen carrying protein

contained within the red blood cells. The hematocrit is

the percentage of the blood volume occupied by redblood cells. Low Hgb or Hct suggest an anemia. High

Hgb can occur due to lung disease, living at high altitude,

or excessive bone marrow production of blood cells.


ount.shtml

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)- This helps diagnose a

cause of an anemia. Low valuessuggest iron deficiency,

high valuessuggest either deficiencies of B12 or Folate,

ineffective production in the bone marrow, or recentblood loss with replacement by newer (and larger) cells

from the bone marrow.


ount.shtml

Platelet Count (PLT):This is the number of cells that plug up

holes in your blood vessels and prevent bleeding. High

valuescan occur with bleeding, cigarette smoking or excess

production by the bone marrow. Low valuescan occur

from premature destruction states such as Immune

Thrombocytopenia (ITP), acute blood loss, drug effects

(such as heparin), infections with sepsis, entrapment of

platelets in an enlarged spleen, or bone marrow failure

from diseases such as myelofibrosis or leukemia.

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tml

The normal range for a fasting glucose is 70 - 110mg/dL.According the the 1999 ADA criteria, diabetes is

diagnosed with a *fasting* plasma glucose of 126 or

more. A precursor, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) is

defined as reading of fasting glucose levels of 110 - 125.

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BLOOD (LIPID LAB VALUES) FATS

CBC
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Specific Gravity (SG): Most urine is around 1.010, but it

can vary greatly depending on when you drank fluids

last, or if you are dehydrated.

Glucose:Normally there is no glucose in urine. A positive

glucose occurs in diabetes.

Bilirubin:Normally there is no bilirubin or urobilinogen

in the urine.

http://www.drstandley.com/labresults_urinalysis.shtml

Protein:Normally there is no protein detectable on a

urinalysis strip. Protein can indicate kidney damage,

blood in the urine, or an infection. Up to 10% of children

can have protein in their urine.

Leukocyte esterase:Normally negative. Leukocytes are

the white blood cells (or pus cells). White blood cells in

the urine suggests a urinary tract infection.


Leukocyte esterase:Normally negative. Leukocytes are

the white blood cells (or pus cells). This looks for white

blood cells by reacting with an enzyme in the white cells.

White blood cells in the urine suggests a urinary tract

infection.

Sediment:Abnormal findings would include more than0-2 red blood cells, more than 0-2 white blood cells,

crystals, casts , renal tubular cells or bacteria.


Blood:Normally there is no blood in the urine. Blood can

indicate an infection, kidney stones, trauma, or bleeding

from a bladder or kidney tumor. The technician may

indicate whether it is hemolyzed (dissolved blood) or

non-hemolyzed (intact red blood cells). Rarely, muscle

injury can cause myoglobin to appear in the urine which

also causes the reagent pad to falsely indicate blood.Nitrate:Normally negative, this usually indicates a

urinary tract infection.


Creatine Kinase aka Creatine Phosphokinase (CK) -Levels

rise 4 to 8 hours after an acute MI (Myocardial Infarction),

peaking at 16 to 30 hours and returning to baseline within 4

days. Creatine Kinase is muscle enzyme found in the heartand muscles. Increased CK-MBis seen with heart muscle

damage. Increased CK-MMis seen with skeletal muscle

injury. Strenuous exercise, weight lifting, surgical

procedures, high doses of aspirin and other medications

can elevate CK. It also may increase when using cholesterol-

lowering medications.

Creatine Kinase (male) 25 - 90 U/L

Creatine Kinase (female) 10 - 70 U/L

CK-MB CK isoenzyme -It begins to increase 6 to 10 hours

after an acute MI, peaks in 24 hours, and remains

elevated for up to 72 hours.

Creatine Kinase-MB 0 - 5 U/L

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; also called SGPT)-It is a

liver enzyme and may increase when using cholesterol-

lowering medications.

ALT 550 U/L

http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_cardiac.shtml

(LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase -Total LDH will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after anMI; the elevation can last 10 days. LDH is an enzyme released in the blood with

cell injury. It is used as a late marker to detect a heart attack. It is also elevated

with liver and kidney disease, pernicious and megaloblastic anemias, malignancy,

progressive muscular dystrophy and pulmonary emboli.

LDH 45 - 90 U/L

Normally, the LDH-1 value will be less than the LDH-2. In the acute MI, however,

the LDH 2 remains constant, while LDH 1 rises. When the LDH 1 is higher than

LDH 2, the LDH is said to be flipped, which is highly suggestive of an MI. A flipped

pattern appears 12-24 hours post MI and persists for 48 hours.

LDH-1: 18 - 33 percent

LDH-2: 28 - 40 percent

SGOT - Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminaseis an enzymethat is normally present in liver and heart cells. SGOT is

released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged. The

blood SGOT levels are elevated with liver damage (hepatitis) or

with an insult to the heart (heart attack). Also alled aspartate

aminotransferase (AST). SGOT will begin to rise in 8-12 hours

and peak in 18-30 hours. SGOT is a liver enzyme that is

released into the bloodstream following injury or death of

cells. Increased SGOT or AST is seen with liver disease,

myocardial infarction (MI) and some medications. May

increase when using cholesterol-lowering medications.

SGOT aka AST 740 U/L

URINALYSIS

CARDIAC LAB VALUES
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Myoglobin -early and sensitive diagnosis of myocardial

infarction in the emergency department This small heme

protein becomes abnormal within 1 to 2 hours of necrosis,

peaks in 4-8 hours, and drops to normal in about 12 hours.

Myoglobin is a protein found in certain types of muscle.

Elevated myoglobin may indicate muscle injury or

inflammation.

Myoglobin, serum (male): 3090 g/ml

Myoglobin, serum (female): 3090 g/ml


Troponin Complex -Peaks in 10-24 hours, begins to fall

off after 1-2 weeks. Troponin T is a protein found in the

blood and is related to contraction of the heart muscle.

Troponin T is valuable for detecting heart muscle

damage and risk.

Tropinin I: < 0.0 - 0.10 g/mL

Tropinin T: < 0.0 - 0.10 g/mL


ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate -This test can be used to monitor

inflammatory or cancerous diseases. An increased SED rate (ESR)may

be due to anemia, kidney disease, osteomyelitis, pregnancy, rheumatic

fever, rheumatoid arthritis, syphilis, systemic lupus erythematosus,

thyroid disease, TB or other inflammatory conditions. A very high SED

rate (ESR)may occur with giant cell arteritis, hyperfibrinogenemia

(increased fibrinogen levels in the blood), multiple myeloma,

macroglobulinemia - primary, necrotizing vasculitis or polymyalgia

rheumatica. Lower than normals levels may be due to CHF,hyperviscosity, hypofibrinogenemia (decreased fibrinogen levels), low

plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease), polycythemia or sickle

cell anemia.

ESR (male): 0 - 15 mm/hr ESR (female): 0 - 20 mm/hr

HEMATOCRIT (HCT)-The hematocrit refers to the

'percentage' of one's red blood cells.

Normal Adult Female Range: 36 - 46 percent

Normal Adult Male Range 41 - 53 percent

Normal Newborn Range: 49 - 61 percent

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HEMOGLOBIN (HGB) -Hemoglobin is a protein that is

carried by red cells. It picks up oxygen in the lungs and

delivers it to the peripheral tissues to maintain the

viability of cells.

Normal Adult Female Range: 12.0 - 16.0 g/dL

Normal Adult Male Range: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL

Normal Newborn Range: 14 - 20 g/dL


MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) -Hemoglobin

amount per red blood cell is the MCH.

Normal Adult Range: 25.4 - 34.6 pg/cell

Optimal Adult Reading: 30

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) -Average red blood

cell size is MCV.

Normal Adult Range: 80 - 100 fl

Optimal Adult Reading: 90

Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) -

Hemoglobin concentration (hemoglobin amount

relative to the size of the cell) per red blood cell.

Normal Adult Range: 31 - 36 Hb/cell

Optimal Adult Reading: 34 Hb/cell

Higher ranges are found in newborns and infants


RBC - (Red Blood Cell Count aka Erythrocyte count)

RBC count (female) 3.5 - 5.5 mill/mm3

RBC count (male) 4.3 - 5.9 mill/mm3

RBC volume (female) 19 - 31 mL/kg

RBC volume (male) 20 - 36 mL/kg

Lower ranges are found in Children, newborns and

infants


HEMATOLOGY (BLOOD) VALUES
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WBC -(White Blood Cell Count aka Leukocyte count).

Includes Basophils, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, B Cells, T

Cells, Band Cells, Monocytes

Normal Adult Range: 4,000 - 12,000/mm3

Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and

infants.


PLATELET COUNT- aka Thrombocyte Count

Normal Adult Range: 150,000 - 400,000/mm3

Higher ranges are found in children, newborns and

infants

NEUTROPHILS and NEUTROPHIL COUNT -(This is the

main defender of the body against infection and

antigens. High levels may indicate an active infection.)

Normal Adult Range: 54 - 62 percent


LYMPHOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTE COUNT -(Elevated

levels may indicate an active viral infections such as

measles, rubella, chickenpox, or infectious

mononucleosis.)


EOSINOPHILS and EOSINOPHIL COUNT -(Elevated levelsmay indicate an allergic reactions or parasites.)



MONOCYTES and MONOCYTE COUNT -(Elevated levels

are seen in tissue breakdown or chronic infections,

carcinomas, leukemia 'monocytic' or lymphomas.)


BASOPHILS and BASOPHIL COUNT -(Basophilic activity is

not fully understood but it is known to carry histamine,heparin and serotonin. High levels are found in allergic

reactions.)

Normal Adult Range: 0 - 0.75 percent

AST (Aspartate transaminase) also called SGOT (Serum

Glutamic Oxalocetic Transaminase) or ASAT (Aspartate

Aminotransferase).AST is an enzyme associated with liver

cells found primarily in the liver, heart, kidney, pancreasand muscles. It is seen in tissue damage, especially the

heart and liver. The lab values are raised in acute liver

damage, but is also present in red blood cells, cardiac and

skeletal muscle. The ratio of AST to ALT can be useful in

differentiating between the causes of liver damage.

Elevated AST levels are not 'specific' for liver damage

because it can also be used as a cardiac marker.

Normal Adult Range: 5 - 40 IU/L

ALT (Alanine Transaminase) also called SGPT (Serum

Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) or or ALAT (Alanine

Aminotransferase)is an enzyme present in hepatocytes

(liver cells). Decreased ALT in combination with increasedcholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. We

also see increased levels in mononucleosis, alcoholism, liver

damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants or

myocardial infarction. When a cell is damaged it leaks this

enzyme into the blood where it can then be measured. ALT

rises dramatically in acute liver damage, such as viral

hepatitis or paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose.


Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)is an enzyme in the cells liningthe biliary ducts of the liver. It is used extensively as a

tumor marker and is also present in bone injury, pregnancy,

or skeletal growth with elevated readings. Low levelsare

sometimes found in hypoadrenia, protein deficiency,

malnutrition and a number of vitamin deficiencies. ALP

levels in plasma will rise when large bile duct obstruction is

present or there is intrahepatic cholestasis or infiltrative

diseases of the liver. ALP is also present in bone and

placental tissue.

Normal Adult Ran e: 30 - 120 IU L

GGT (Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase)Elevated levelsmay be found in liver disease, alcoholism, bile duct

obstruction, cholangitis, drug abuse, and in some cases

excessive magnesium ingestion. Decreased levels can be

found in hypothyroidism, hypothalamic malfunction and

low levels of magnesium.


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HEPATIC (LIVER) ENZYME VALUES
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LDH (Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase)is an enzyme found in

many body tissues, including the liver. Elevated levels of

LDHmay indicate liver damage. Increases are usually

found in cellular death and/or leakage from the cell or in

some cases it can be useful in confirming myocardial or

pulmonary infarction (only in relation to other tests).

Decreased levelsof the enzyme may be seen in cases of

malnutrition, hypoglycemia, adrenal exhaustion or low

tissue or organ activity.

Normal Adult Range: 45 - 90 U/L

TOTAL BILIRUBIN (TBIL)Elevated in liver disease,

mononucleosis, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure

to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs, decreased

levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive

fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing

foods. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme and heme

is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Bilirubin is taken

up into hepatocytes, conjugated (modified to make it

water-soluble), and secreted into the bile, which is then

excreted into the intestine.

Normal Adult Ran e 0.2 - 1.2 m dL

PROTEIN, TOTAL -Decreased levels may be due to poor

nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or

severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver

disease, chronic infections, alcoholism, leukemia,

tuberculosis amongst many others.

Normal Adult Range: 6.0 -8.5 g/dl

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ALBUMIN -major constituent of serum protein (usually

over 50%). High levels are seen in liver disease(rarely) ,

shock, dehydration, or multiple myeloma. Lower levels

are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver

disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and

edemas or hypocalcemia

Albumin, serum: 3.5 - 5.5 g/dL

Albumin, urine: 10 - 100 mg/24 h

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GLOBULIN -Globulins have many diverse functions such

as, the carrier of some hormones, lipids, metals, and

antibodies(IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE). Elevated levels are

seen with chronic infections, liver disease, rheumatoidarthritis, myelomas, and lupus are present, . Lower

levels in immune compromised patients, poor dietary

habits, malabsorption and liver or kidney disease.

Globulin, serum: 2.3 - 3.5 g/dL

Gamma globulin, CSF: 3 - 12 percent of total protein

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) -Increases can be caused by

excessive protein intake, kidney damage, certain drugs,

low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise or heart

failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet,malabsorption, liver damage or low nitrogen intake.

Normal Adult Range: 7 - 18 mg/d

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CREATININE -Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney

damage, protein starvation, liver disease or pregnancy.

Elevated levels are sometimes seen in kidney disease

due to the kidneys job of excreting creatinine, muscle

degeneration, and some drugs involved in impairment of

kidney function.

Creatinine, serum 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dl

Creatinine, Urine (male) - 0.8 - 2.4 g/24 h

Creatinine, Urine (female) - 0.6 - 1.8 g/24 h

Creatinine clearance (male) - 97 - 137 mL/min

URIC ACID -High levels are noted in gout, infections,

kidney disease, alcoholism, high protein diets, and with

toxemia in pregnancy. Low levels may be indicative of

kidney disease, malabsorption, poor diet, liver damage

or an overly acid kidney.

Uric Acid, serum 3.0 - 8.2 mg/dL

Uric Acid, urine - varies with diet

http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_renal.shtml

PROTEIN LAB VALUES

RENAL LAB VALUES
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A TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormoone) Test is performed toassess the activity of the thyroid gland. It involves measuring

the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the

blood serum. Is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates

the thyroid gland to produce hormones. A change in the level

of TSH in the blood may signify a malfunctioning of the thyroid

gland. THYROXINE (T4) -Increased levelsare found in

hyperthyroidism, acute thyroiditis, and hepatitis. Low levels

can be found in Cretinism, hypothyroidism, cirrhosis,

malnutrition, and chronic thyroiditis.

Normal Adult Range: 4 - 11 mcg/dL

Thyroxine-Binding Globulation (T3-UPTAKE) -Increased

levels are found in hyperthyroidism, severe liver disease,

metastatic malignancy, and pulmonary insufficiency.

Decreased levels are found in hypothyroidism, normal

pregnancy, and hyperestrogenis status.

Normal Adult Range: 10 - 26 mcg/dL

http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_thyroid.sht

ml

FREE T4 INDEX (T7)

Normal Adult Range: 0.81.8 ng/dL

TRIIODOTHYRONINE - T3 TOTAL

Normal Adult Range: 75 - 220 ng/dL


ml

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) -produced by

the anterior pituitary gland, causes the release and

distribution of stored thyroid hormones. When T4 and

T3 are too high, TSH secretion decreases, when T4 and

T3 are low, TSH secretion increases.

Normal Adult Range: 0.5-5.0 miliIU/L


ml

SODIUM -Sodium is the most abundant cation

(pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base.

It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure,

acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses.Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.

Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L

Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L

http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_electrolyte.shtml







http://www.drstandley.com/labvalues_electrolyte.shtm

SODIUM -Sodium is the most abundant cation(pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base.


acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses.

Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.











THYROID LAB VALUES
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POTASSIUM -Potassium is the major intracellular

cation. Very low value: Cardiac arrhythmia.

Potassium, serum: 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Potassium, urine: varies with diet







Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/LSodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L








































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compilation of laboratory normal values