Upload
merilyn-hannah-floyd
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Competing For Colonies
2.4
Martin Luther
Martin Luther & The Reformation
• Catholic Church is Christianity
• 1517 Luther publicly challenged Rome– Condemned sale of indulgences
• Redemption was grace of God
• Pope Leo X doesn’t want to debate– Most corrupt of Renaissance popes
• Luther excommunicated
• Salvation a gift from God– Not works
• Minimized priest role
• Rejected Pope’s exclusive authority of interpretation of scripture
• Bible over doctrine on faith matters– Translates Bible into German
• North German kingdoms protect him
• Political power grab
John Calvin
John Calvin
• Frenchmen.
• Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)– God is all knowing & all powerful– Man is corrupt by nature– predestination
• Geneva, Switzerland– State should remake society into disciplined
religious community – Model community led by ministers– Unnecessary and luxury was prohibited
• Persecuted– Huguenots (France)– Presbyterians (Scotland)– Reformed (Belgium & Holland)
Religious Rivalry in Europe
• England – 1533 King Henry VII (1509-1547) left Catholic
Church• Divorce Catherine of Aragon (Spain)• Est. Church of England
– Queen “Bloody” Mary (1553-1557) restored Catholicism
• Executed 300 protestant clergy
• Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) est. England as Protestant (compromise)– Lutheran salvation by grace– Calvinist predestination– Holy Communion in English– Hierarchy of bishops & archbishops
England
Dissenters
• Rejected compromise w/ Catholic practices
• Prefer Calvin & Knox presbyterian system
Puritans 1600
• Radical protestants• Purify church teachings & practices• Against communion as magical or
idolatrous• Service should focus on the sermon• Follow God’s “calling”• All members need to read Bible• spiritual & financial authority local
• Spain– Catherine’s brother– 1585 King Philip wants
to overthrow England– Armada defeated– England now controls
the seas
Religious Rivalries in America
• Catholics– Spain SW and SE– France NE
• Protestants– Dutch and English Atlantic coast
The Northwest Passage
• Water route to Asia through America
• 1497-1610 French & Dutch explore Canada
French in the New World
• Not settlers
• Fish & Furs
• Trappers trade w/ natives
• Forts & missionaries
• 1663 New France a Royal Colony
French Empire
• 1608 Quebec – fur trading fort
• 1643-1681 explore & claim MS River
• New France grows slowly
• Mostly men
• France doesn’t want to weaken its country
• Ice box
Explorers
• Joliet & Marquette– 1670’s gold & NW Passage– MS River all the way down to the Gulf
• LaSalle– 1682 claimed MS River to Gulf of Mexico– Louisiana– 1718 New Orleans
Western Exploration
• Trappers & missionaries
• Rocky Mountains & Rio Grande
New France
• Slow growth• Estates on St. Lawrence R. Quebec• Tenant farmers• Positive relations w/ natives
– Trappers & missionaries live w/ them– Don’t change native culture– Not a threat– Frenchmen become Indian more often than
Indians become English
1600’s Netherlands
• Dominated international trade
• Indonesia, S. Africa, Caribbean, Brazil
• Wealth, arts, science
• Freedoms– Press– Religion
• Migrants populate overseas empire– small country w/ limited resources
Dutch New Netherlands
• 1609 Henry Hudson – New York Harbor
• 1624 purchase Manhattan Isl.
• New Amsterdam
• Trade not conquer
• Purchase land
• Some fights
• 1623 ruled by West India Co.
Freedom
• Company colony
• Religious toleration
• Slaves have rights
• Women separate legal identity
• 1630’s 18 different languages
• 1629 “patroon” land system– Medieval lord– Tenant farmers
New Sweden
• 1638 Dutch merchants avoid WICo.
• Delaware
• 1655 seized by New Netherlands
• 1660’s New Netherlands doesn’t grow too much