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8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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Shn LocL nd S SuccSSS n ny ffcncy
nd nwbL ny fo h und SS
Compendium of Best Practices
8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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Ap 2010
A CoAoAv po :
enewable nergy and nergy fciency partnershi (p)
wagramerstrasse 5 (Viea teratial cetre)
1400 Viea, stria
+43 1 26026-3425 pe, +43 1 21346-3425 (ax), .reeep.rg
Alliance t Sae nergy
1850 St. nw, Site 600
wasigt, d.c. 20036
(202) 857-0666 pe, (202) 331-9588 (ax), .ase.rg
American Cuncil on enewable nergy (ACo)
1600 K Street nw, Site 700
wasigt, d.c. 20006
(202) 393-0001, (202) 393-0606 (ax), .are.rg
This report is made possible by the generous support o the U.S. Government through the Asia-Pacifc Partnership on Clean
Development and Climate. The contents are the responsibility o the Alliance to Save Energy, the American Council on
Renewable Energy and the Renewable Energy and Energy Eciency Partnership and do not necessarily reect the views o
any o the APP Partner countries.
Shn LocL nd S SuccSSS n ny ffcncy
nd nwbL ny fo h und SS
Compendium of Best Practices
8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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Ao po CoAoAoS
P is a ative, glal partersip tat rks t
ree te arriers limitig te ptake reeale
eerg a eerg eie telgies, it a primar
s emergig markets a evelpig tries.
Ps missi is t ailitate te trasrmati
eerg sstems aeleratig te ptake reeale
a eerg eie telg as a meas reig
ar emissis, ireasig eerg serit, a
imprvig aess t sstaiale eerg r te pr
rlie. P is mprise 300 parters ilig
private mpaies, iteratial rgaizatis a 46
gvermets, a as a etrk egial Seretariats
ar te gle.
e lliae t Save erg is a -prt aliti
siess, gvermet, evirmetal a smer
leaers. e lliae spprts eerg eie as a st-
eetive eerg resre er existig market itis
a avates eerg-eie pliies tat miimize
sts t siet a iivial smers. t ertakes
resear, eatial prgrams, a pli ava;
esigs a implemets eerg-eie prjets;
prmtes telg evelpmet a eplmet; a
ils pli-private partersips. e lliae t Save
erg strives t aieve a ealtier em, a leaer
evirmet, a greater eerg serit.
co, a 501()(3) memersip prt rgaizati
eaqartere i wasigt, d.c., is eiate t
rigig reeale eerg it te maistream te
uS em a liestle trg irmati a
mmiatis prgrams. co prvies a mmplatrm r te ie rage iterests i te reeale
eerg mmit ilig reeale eerg istries,
assiatis, tilities, e sers, pressial servie rms,
aial istittis a gvermet ageies. co
serves as a rm trg i tese parties rk
tgeter mm iterests.
ACKNoWDGMNS
L os ss
aria lligs (lliae t Save erg)
Lesle hter (meria cil o eeale erg)
oLLbo os
ert bre Lg, (lliae t Save erg): ie
i wasteater reatmet failities
Km care, ri Plkett (bilig ces ssistae
Prjet): bilig ce mplemetati a Leaig b
xample i Pli biligs
obos
fr teir imprtat tritis t te reprt, te
atrs l like t tak lliae t Save erg sta
memers Lara Va wie rr, mas Simak,
e Si, Lell uger, Sall Lars, Steve capaa,
mil Zimmerma, rlee fetizaa, Je harris,
ck wils a diaa Li; a meria cil o
eeale erg sta memers iael kart, m
weiri, a Jig S. we als tak r lleages craig
Satter, ie Keller, Ssa Skra a Ja Siler r
teir eitig expertise.
8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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We greatly appreciate the guidance f the fllwing adir wh generuly cntriuted their time and
inight t ait in identifying and deelping the practice included in thi cmpendium:
Jeg Li, P ast sia egial Seretariat; ciese
eeale erg stries ssiati, cia
ri artit, stitte r Sstaiale erg Pliies,
Japa
william nesmit, natial ssiati State erg
oials, uite States
Lis Sartz, cia Strategies LLc, uite States
Sa Sett, lliae t Save erg, ia
daljit Sig, PyS, itiatives i healt, erg Learig
a Paret, ia
weqia ag, P ast sia egial Seretariat;
ciese eeale erg stries ssiati, cia
ert alr, erg Patas LLc
william wallae, natial eeale erg Laratr,
uite States
caga w, e climate rp, cia
a wiser, Laree berkele natial Laratr,
uite States
imig Z, lliae t Save erg, uite States
hank yu t the diry mmittee memer fr their guidance and upprt:
ri mps, uite States departmet State
i carter a flria baer, P teratial
Seretariat
lizaet dris a Je Lare, natial eeale
erg Laratr
nata has a ik ers, nextra erg
ark hpkis, uite natis fati
william nesmit, natial ssiati State erg
oials
Leslie Parker, aagig diretr, eeale erg a
teratial La (L)
Kell Zerk a Jare Lag, natial ssiati
cties
ery pecial thank t the fllwing peple fr their expertie, adice and upprt:
ret lle, citi
le bra, Sierra cl
davi ca, nrtest erg ie lliae
erria fller, Laree berkele natial Laratr
Lara frre, meria cil r a erg-iet
m
dal illiga, natial ssiati erg Servie
cmpaies
davi hrlt, natial eeale erg Laratr
leisa Ka, bilig ces ssistae Prjet
Viav li, Stet vlteer
Kevi Prter, xeter ssiates
Jim Plger, natial ssiati State erg oials
sti Pg, co
itter, cil develpmet fiae geies
bre Slei, citi
wae Sirle, e eglatr ssistae Prjet
ik west, e eglatr ssistae Prjet
dr. Qa bai, erg esear stitte, ndc, cia
Ks cerail, lliae r a erg ie m,ia
sk das, Sksa, ia
carlie d, beijig berge wiper cmpa, Lt.,
cia
mas dreesse, erg ie Prjet vestmet
cmpa, Limite, cia
ag Za, oe r teratial cperati
eeale erg a ne erg, iistr Siee
a elg a natial develpmet a erm
cmmissi, cia
Siris ar, P St sia Seretariat, ia
ye-fa wag lavi, cia vests i meria, LLc,
uite States; vati Siee a elg
teratial lliae, cia
hema hattaga, Seier letri czerv, ia
Praeep Kmar, lliae t Save erg, ia
Sara Kmar, brea erg ie, vermet
ia, iistr Per, ia
8/7/2019 COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES in energy efficiency and renewable energy from the United States - 2010
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Many indiidual t numeru t lit here prided aluale infrmatin fr the reprt, ut pecial thank
g t the fllwing tate and lcal cial fr haring their len learned and reiewing draft excerpt f
the reprt:
Peter Ke, cit Prtla
na K, dever Pli wrks fleet aiteae
divisi
Liem, Seattle departmet Plaig a
develpmet
Jas ael, baltimre as a letri
ster attes, cit sti/sti erg
a nels, cit belligam
J Pela, frt cllis utilities
ark Qila, cetit departmet Pli utilit
ctrl
b epie, oreg departmet erg
J Si, Seattle departmet Plaig a develpmet
Je Sall, cit Sata sa utilities
Jill Simms a Sta, cit Seattle
harier Sig, caliria erg cmmissi
calvi immerma, arla Pli Servie cmmissi
Jess tte, exas Pli utilities cmmissi
Peter rmest, Kcc erg Prgrams divisi
re brix, cit rr
m brrs, dakta ct miistrati ceter
cal brmea, cit a ct Sa frais
dria dale, bal
Jsep desa, ne yrk State erg esear a
develpmet trit
drreerger, oreg Pli utilit cmmissi
a dzvva, caliria Pli utilities cmmissi
maa iel, cit Seattle
ert ip Jr, oaga ct departmet
water virmetal Prteti
llis hamilt, oreg departmet rasprtati
J hga, Seattle departmet Plaig a
develpmet
rea h, cit belligam
fraes b. hess, Vermt erg vestmet
crprati
Stt hter a Sta, ne Jerse clea erg Prgram
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A oF CoNNS
xCv SMMA...........................................................................................................................................................................................11
CAp NoDCoN.............................................................................................................................................................................13
CAp poCS, S AND GAoNS .................................................................................................................................15
2A enewable prtli Standards: reglatr meaism reqirig tat retail eletriit sppliers prre a
miimm qatit eligile reeale eerg a spei ate, i peretage, megaatt r, r megaatt terms .............15
xample: exas eeale Prtli Staar................................................................................................................................................17
2 nergy fciency esurce Standards: reglatr meaism reqirig tat retail eletri tilities
meet a spei prti teir eletriit ema trg eerg eie. ............................................................. .............................19
xample: cetit erg ie esre Staar .....................................................................................................................21
2C public enet Funds: pli tl se t sere stale, lg-term ig r state r miipal eerg
prgrams, mml spprte a small, xe ee ae t te stmers eletriit ill ea mt. ................... ................23
xample: ne Jerse clea erg Prgram .................................................................................................................................................25
xample: ie Vermt ...............................................................................................................................................................................27
2D nergy Cde mlementatin: ll atis take gvermet ageies, -prt grps, esig a
strti istries, a ter stakelers t esre tat ivlve rgaizatis ave te irmati a
tls eee t aieve mpliae it te apte eerg e. ......................................................... ...................................................29
xample: Seattle, wasigt ..............................................................................................................................................................................31
xample: dakta ct, iesta ................................................................. ..................................................................... ............................33
2 Aliance Standards: ppliae a eqipmet staars rmalize a preeree a irease te
ema r eqipmet tat ses less eerg priitig te sale eqipmet tat ses mre eerg
ta te set state staar. .........................................................................................................................................................................................36
xample: caliria ppliae ie Staars ............................................................ .................................................................... .....37
CAp FNANCNG SoCS AND MCANSMS .......................................................................................................................43
3A Gernment an prgrams: vermet la prgrams elp stmers verme te aial
arriers assiate it reeale eerg istallatis a eerg eie imprvemets spreaig
sts ver a lger peri time.............................................................................................................................................................................43
xample: ne yrk erg $mart esietial La f ............................................................. ............................................................ 44
3 prerty Assessed Financing Districts: Prpert ssesse clea erg la prgram prvies resietial
a mmerial prpert ers it a la r eerg eie a reeale eerg measres i is
sseqetl pai ak ver a ertai mer ears via a aal arge teir prpert tax ill. .........................................45
xample: bal Lg sla ree hmes Prgram ............................................................... ............................................................. 47
3C Municial nds: ssig s rmal trats t repa rre me it iterest at xe itervalsis
a eetive a r states t tai apital t pa r eerg eie a reeale eerg prjets. ........... ..........................48
xample: rr, iiga .................................................................. .................................................................... ...................................... 50
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3D Direct Cash Subsidies- ebates: diret as ssiies prmte te istallati eerg eie measres a
reeale eerg sstems, ailitatig telg market peetrati, st retis, smer eati, a etter
trakig se a sales. e are tpiall pai ater te istallati is mplete, as reates. ......................................................... 52
xample: caliria Slar itiative .....................................................................................................................................................................53
xample: frt cllis utilities cmmerial a strial erg ie eate Prgram .................................................... 55
3 Feed-in aris: pli tat reqires tilities t pa a xe, premim rate r reeale eerg
geerati garatee r a lg time peri. .....................................................................................................................................................59
xample: fee-i aris i te uite States ............................................................................. .................................................................... .61
3F a ncenties: State r lal tax ietives erage private ivestmets i eerg eie a
reeale eerg reig te amt taxes e t te gvermet. bt tax etis a
tax reits are esrie. .............................................................................................................................................................................................62
xample: oreg bsiess erg ax creit ................................................................................................................................................63
3G Cmmercial Methds- pwer purchase Agreements: legal trat i i a per praser prases
te eerg pre, a smetimes te apait a/r aitial servies, rm a eletriit geeratr. Per
prase agreemets elp gvermets eet rm reeale eerg itt avig t ersta r take te
assiate risks a ivestmet.................................................................................................................................................................................66
xample: oreg Slar higa .................................................................. .................................................................... ...................................68
3 nergy Serice Cmanies (SCos): Scos implemet perrmae-ase eerg eie prjets
tat reslt i ree eerg sts a greese gas (h) emissis, a garatee eerg savigs r
pa te ieree e te are rg. .................................................................... .................................................................... ........................70
xample: Kasas .......................................................................................................................................................................................................72
CAp v S AND ANSMSSoN ........................................................................................................................................... 75
4A ransmissin planning- enewable nergy Znes: eeale eerg zes are speial areas esigate
r reeale eerg geerati ase la sitailit, resre ptetial, a existig reeale eerg
geerati.letri trasmissi irastrtre is strte i tse zes t mve reeale eerg t markets
ere peple se eerg. ............................................................................................................................................................................................75
xample: exas cmpetitive eeale erg Zes ............................................................ ................................................................... 76
4 Net Metering and ntercnnectin Standards: eqiremets tat ailitate te evelpmet
small-sale reeale eerg sstems eetivel remvig several te stales assiate
it etig a reeale eerg sstem t te gri. ..................................................................................................................................78
xample: oreg net eterig Pli a tereti Staars .................................................................. ............................... 80
4C eenue Stability Mechanism: evee Stailit eaisms separate revees rm te amt
eerg sl, remvig te aial isietive r te tilit t erage eerg eie ivestmets. ..................................81
xample: baltimre as & letri......................................................................................................................................................................83
CAp v ADNG xAMp N pC FACS, opAoNS, AND FS......................................................... 87
5A eading by amle in public uildings and Facilities: Lal gvermets lea example aptig
rmal pli mmitmets r eerg eie a reeale eerg i plil e iligs a ailities
a prviig assistae t lal siesses a resiets t te same. we a lal gvermet leas
example, it t l rees its eerg sts iretl t als expas te market r eiet a reeale
prts, sprs rkre traiig, a sets a g example. ................................................................. ....................................................... 87
xample: ne yrk cit iipal bilig ce ......................................................... ..................................................................... ..........89
xample: ne exi Lea xample...........................................................................................................................................................93
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5 Green pwer purchasing: State a lal gvermets, as ell as te eeral gvermets, a mmit
t ig eerg geerate rm reeale sres, r gree per, t at r a ertai peretage
teir eletriit smpti. .....................................................................................................................................................................................96
xample: belligam, wasigt .....................................................................................................................................................................97
5C Greening Fleets: optimizig te verall eie a veile eet ivlves evisig a implemetigstrategies r reig te ttal eet el smpti a te release arml emissis. ...........................................................99
xample: dever, clra ............................................................ .................................................................... .................................................100
5D otimizing rafc Signals: ra sigals iee eerg smpti meas (1) te eletrial
eerg sme t per tra ligts, a (2) te eerg eie assiate it te ilig a aelerati
mtr veile egies. optimizig tra sigals a agig t Ld ls saves eerg a me....................................103
xample: Prtla, oreg .................................................................................................................................................................................105
5 Wastewater reatment: erg eie i asteater treatmet plats a e aieve trg maagemet/
egieerig mets as ell as prperl implemetig telgies tat a ree eerg se. ........................................... 107
xample: Sata sa, caliria ........................................................................................................................................................................109
xample: oaga ct, ne yrk ........................................................... .................................................................... ............................ 111
CAp v G pFoMNG CS ....................................................................................................................................................115
6A Austin, eas: stis climate ti Pla alls r te cit t evelp a prmte ivative prgrams
a l iitiatives t ree greese gases a imprve air qalit. e ve mai mpets te pla
s reig ar emissis i cit iligs, cit peratis, cit veile eets, a i te mmit. ...................... 116
6 San Francisc, Calirnia: Sa fraiss climate ti pla alls r te it t ree its greese
gas emissis t 20% el 1990 levels 2010. e it as ee a leaer i te prmti reeale
eerg a eerg eie sie te 1970s it its ivative, pratial, ie-ragig prgrams, amitis
ar ttig gals, a grreakig legislati. .............................................................. ..................................................................... ... 118
6C Seattle, Washingtn: e cits climate ti Pla tlies te cit ill aieve speie emissi
reti targets r t its gvermet peratis a its mmit. e gvermet a mmit
targets are t ree emissis 7 peret (rm 1990 levels) 2012. frter, te cit ites t ree
emissis i gvermet ailities 80 peret 2050 a i te mmit 30 peret 2024..................................... 120
CoNCSoN .........................................................................................................................................................................................................123
ACoNMNS..........................................................................................................................................................................................................125
FNCS..........................................................................................................................................................................................................126
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xCv SMMA
is cmpeim best Praties is te reslt
extesive trea, ata gaterig, a aalsis
te t ieti leaig state a lal-level est
praties i eerg eie a reeale eerg
i te uite States. e reprt esries mre ta
20 praties a iles examples teir eetive
implemetati i states r ities. Pliies, aig
meaisms, a ter iitiatives are igligte r teir
sess i reatig avrale market itis r eerg
eie a reeale eerg, as ell as r teir
repliailit, relative ease implemetati, measre
eerg savigs, ailit t set te ee r vetial
eerg, st eetiveess, greese gas emissis
reti, a j reati. xemplar lal gvermets
rm arss te uite States sare te ke elemets
teir prgrams, teir lesss leare, a te atrs i
teir prgrams sesses.
e selete praties are t itee t e a
mpreesive vervie all te sessl, existig
pliies a iitiatives i te uite States, t rater
a seleti tse tat are te mst appliale t
emergig emies ivlve i expaig teir eerg
eie a reeale eerg markets. s esrie
i capter oe (trti), te cmpeim is
esige as a tl t sare sessl prgram a
pli mels tat ma e easil repliate r t prvie
ieas tat ma e aapte r implemetati i tese
emergig markets. a est pratie iles te ke
prgram elemets, eets, a examples sessl
implemetati. e reprt is rgaize i s a a t
als e se r states a lalities iti te uite
States a i ter evelpe markets.
capter ses lal pliies, rles, a
reglatis. disssi egis it reglatr maates,
s as eeale Prtli Staars a erg
ie esre Staars, i reqire eerg
tilit mpaies t irprate spei amts
reeale eerg a eerg eie as part teir
ttal resre prtli. e apter te esries Pli
beet fs, i all states a miipalities t
assess a small, xe ee t stmers eletriit ills
ea mt t prvie eiate streams ig r
state eerg eie a reeale eerg iitiatives.
erg e implemetati is issse as a imprtat
step i reig eerg se i iligs, a t lal
gvermets sare teir e eremet strategies
tat ave eate te lal strti istr a
imprve iligs i teir mmities
capter ree igligts prve a ivative
appraes t aig mmerial, resietial, a
pli eerg eie a reeale eerg prjets.
e apter esries aig meaisms s
as miipal s, gvermet la prgrams, a
prpert-assesse lea eerg; tax ietives a
ssiies; perrmae ase ietives s as ee-i
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12
e cmpeim best Praties
taris; a mmerial mets s as per prase
agreemets a te se eerg servies mpaies.
ese appraes are eig e as t make lea
eerg prjets t l viale t ptetiall prtale.
capter fr issses praties tat aress tilit
reglati a trasmissi isses. net meterig,
itereti staars, a te se reeale
eerg zes imprve te eetiveess reeale
eerg prti a smpti arss te gri.
utilit revee stailit meaisms, als k as
eplig, are eig apte it ireasig reqe
state a lal tilit reglati mmissis i rer
t remve te aial isietive tat exists r tilit
mpaies t erage eerg eie ivestmets.
capter five ses atis state a lal
gvermets are takig t irease teir se
eerg eie a reeale eerg, a t eetivel
lea example i teir pli ailities, peratis,
a eets. Sme lal gvermets are aptig rmal
pli mmitmets r eerg eie a reeale
eerg i plil e iligs a ailities; ters
iel teir prasig per t prre gree eerg
r pli peratis; ters ivest i mre eiet
trasprtati sstems ptimizig tra sigals
a greeig teir eets; et ters are ireasig
eie i asteater treatmet ailities. we lal
gvermets ivest i eerg eie a reeale
eerg, it emstrates sal respsiilit it pli
llars reig te state r lal gvermets eerg
sts a greese gas emissis.
capter Six ieties tree examples exemplar,
l ar itiesSa frais, caliria; sti,
exas; a Seattle, wasigt. ese ities ave
take a rst, le- sstems appra t aressig
limate age aptig mltiple est praties viampreesive limate ati a lea eerg plas.
e apter aalzes at steps tese lal gvermets
ave take t eme mesti leaers i ivative
a mpreesive appraes t mitigatig limate
age. eir atis emstrate a mmitmet t
sal respsiilit a evirmetal stearsip
ile ireasig ema r eiet a lea eerg
prts a servies.
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CAp : NoDCoN
respse t te ireasig stresses glal limate
age a eerg sppl a serit isses, atis
ar te gle are evelpig ivative strategies r
agig te a eerg is se. t is te s-atial
leveliti states, prvies, ities, a miipalities
tat m tis ivati is rrig a ma
tese strategies are eig sessll implemete.
ese state a lal gvermets pssess tremes
per a ptetial r leaig regis, atis, a
iee te rl tar a ler-ar liestle.
over te last etr, te ra pplati gre rapil,
a te ext several eaes ill see preeete
rter ra grt, partilarl i evelpig tries
(unfP 2007). re ta al te rls pplati
lives i ra areas a almst all e tre pplati
grt is prjete t r i r gravitate t ities
(unfP 2009). is ireasig pplati esit as
tremes ema a strai tate eletri
gris. bilig e ssil el per plats is stl
a ireases greese gas (h) emissis t te
atmspere. erg eie a reeale eerg l
tremes ptetial t ree h emissis, ler
eerg sts, reate lg-term sres revee, a
imprve eerg serit. cmmities rlie tat
appl e a reative sltis t reate markets r
eerg eie a reeale eerg ill prt rm
teir mers eets.
te uite States, it is at te state a lal level tat
ma ke lesss are eig leare regarig ivative
a sessl eerg eie a reeale eerg
praties. reasig mers states a miipalities
are sig teir reglatr atrit t rge aea it
eiate ig a strategi pliies tat ave ee
istrmetal i reatig a stregteig te market r
eerg eie a reeale eerg.
State a lal-level leaersip plas a imprtat rle
i prvig te eetiveess e iitiatives testig,
iatig, a e-tig ivative praties a
smaller sale. ievemets emstrate t ter states
a miipalities, as ell as t eeral gvermets
tat a pratie a rk sessll; tis ireases
te ee iger levels gvermet r
apti similar plies r praties.
Lal gvermets a als e majr atalsts r age,
eatig itizes a egagig siesses tat a
trasrm te market r eerg eie a reeale
eerg. Likeise, state gvermets a make it easier
r lal gvermets t apt s pliies r praties
eragig lal ati. fr example, a stateie
eeale erg Prtli Staar prvies a gal tat
lal gvermets arss te state a trite t
implemetig lal iitiatives.
vermets tat ave apte leaig-ege iitiatives
are experieig irease market ema r reeale
13
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14
e cmpeim best Praties
eerg a eerg eie, i - espeiall e
apte it a mpreesive eerg a limate pla
- sts te lal em attratig e istries,
reatig e js, a rigig i revee assiate
it e reeale eerg apait.
we pe tat tis cmpeim best Praties rm
te uite States a tre reipral reprts rm
ter atis ill prmte te sarig est praties
state, prviial a miipal gvermets a ill
reslt i aelerate apti eerg eie a
reeale eerg rlie.
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CAp .
poCS, S AND GAoNS
2A NWA poFoo SANDAD
ovvW
eeale Prtli Staar (PS) tpiall reqires
tat a speie peretage eletriit sppl, te
ireasig ver time, e rm reeale eerg. re
speiall, PS pliies reqire tat retail eletriit
sppliers mst prre a miimm qatit eligile
reeale eerg a spei ate, i peretage, mega-
att r, r megaatt terms. e uite States es t
rretl ave a atial PS; ever, ma states a
sme miipalities eat PS pliies iti teir
jrisitis.
PS pliies are e te mst iel-se pli
meaisms t irease reeale eerg prti.
over 60% te [-r] reeale eerg apait
aitis i te uite States rm 1998 t 2008 rre
iti states it PS reqiremets (P 2009a). s
Jaar 2010, PS reqiremets r gals ave ee
estalise i 29 states pls te distrit clmia
a am.
PS reqiremets are set aere rm 4% t 30%
a ertai ear (s as 20% 2020), a te ile
iremetal targets t esre tat apprpriate prgress
is eig mae i rer t aieve te e target. Sixtee
states i te uite States ave slar r istrite
geerati set-asies1 iti teir PS. PS pliies ma
als ile tiers, it e tier itee r e a
emergig reeale eerg telgies a ater tier
r existig reeale eerg apait.2
PS pliies are mst reqetl estalise trg
spei legislati a are versee state tilit
reglatr ageies (pli tilit mmissis). ere
are tpiall tree as i i eletriit sppliers a
mpl it PS targets: (1) ig a reeale eerg
ailit a its tpt geerati; (2) prasig te
reeale eerg attrites a eletriit geerate
rm a reeale eerg ailit as a le reeale
eerg prase; r (3) prasig reeale eerg
reits (cs) separate rm eletriit.
mm esig as t et emerge r PS prgrams.
Prgrams var i eligiilit, mpliae meaisms,
resre ategries a prgram amiistrati. barriers
t reeale eerg evelpmet, s as availailit
trasmissi a lg-term trats, ma ee t e
aresse r PS reqiremets t e met.
a states ave realize a mer eets ater
implemetig PS pliies, ilig:
rease market ema r reeale eerg,
i, espeiall e mie it mplemetar
praties s as tax reits, c traig a ee-i
1 e term set-asie reers t a prvisi tat reqires tilities t se a spei reeale resre (s as slar ptvltais) t at r
a ertai peretage teir eletriit sales r geeratig apait iti a spei timerame.
2 PS pli ma als ile a eerg eie target (see seti 2b r aitial etails).
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e cmpeim best Praties
taris, sts te lal em attratig e
istries, reatig e js, a rigig i revee
assiate it e reeale eerg apait.
re mpetiti amg reeale evelpers tmeet targets i te least-st asi.
e aievemet pli jetives at a relativel
mest st, spreaig mpliae sts amg all
stmers (ratepaer impats are te less ta a 1%
irease).
rease evelper ee i reeale eerg
prspets, e t lear a lg-term spprt r te
istr (P 2009a).
K PoM LMs
rig t resear PS prgrams arrie t te
virmetal Prteti ge, te natial eeale
erg Laratr, a Laree berkele natial
Laratr, eetivel esige PS pliies pratiig
te ietie ke prgram elemets el a reate
a sstaiale reeale eerg market, ile prl
esige a implemete erts ave little impat
Administratin and rst stes: t is imperative t se-
re strg plitial a reglatr spprt trg-
t te rati te PS prgram. failitate
isssis sl e el amg ke stakelers t
estalis te prgrams esig. e mst apprpriate
lea age t implemet te PS sl te e se-
lete. t is remmee tat stakelers revee
r mi-perrmae revies trgt te rati
te prgram (P 2009a).
planning: Prir t settig targets, it is imprtat t
lari te gals te prgram; mel te expete
impats; a etermie m reeale eerg
is esire, give te availale resres, trasmissi
straits, itereti arriers, mplemetar
pliies, a ptetial sitig alleges (dris et al.
2009). teratis etee state PS pliies a a
ptetial atial PS ee t e atiipate i pli
esig t avi ptetial pli ailre a iavertet
tmes.
echnlgy eligibility: we etermiig i te-
lgies are eligile tar mpliae, te llig
tpis sl e aresse: at reeale resres
are availale a eter existig sres a t
tar mpliae; i gegrapi territries are
vere; a eter etral a istrite geera-
ti sstems are treate ieretl (P 2009a).
assessmet te sial eets ea partilar
resre sl e mae t esre tat te gals
a agea r te PS prgram are met (dris et
al. 2009). te existig sppl exees te staar
itsel, te PS ill t ailitate e reeale eerg
evelpmet. ligile resres sl als ile
prve telgies i are t alrea iel
se, less eessar t maitai te existig ree-
ale eerg apait tat is alrea i plae.
arget setting: argets sl e lear a aievale.
cmpliae sl e mitre a reqiremets
sl ramp p periiall t all r all eligile
telgies t partiipate a e te i te
PS reqiremet, partilarl tse i pre
mre eletriit rig ertai seass.
argets a e grpe it tiers r ieret
reeale telgies a/r appliatis. iers
are te se t esre tat telgies it
iger prt sts (s as slar ptvltais),
reeive te same market avatage as te least-
st telgies (s as i a lall gas),
i ave a atral avatage i te -tiere
PS ramerk, r t maitai qatities
existig reeale eerg geerati (c 2008).
e rati sl e lg eg t all r
lg-term aig a tratig (dris et al.
2009). PS pliies are mst sessl ere lg
term trats are availale, rater ta ere
srt-term trae i cs miates (artit
2005). Lg-term trats ma ee t e
reqire r ietivize i t mml availale
(s as i restrtre eletri markets).
Cmliance and cst cntrl risins: PS pliies
sl estalis a reile a atmati mpliae
atig sstem, i is trasparet a eas t
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17
chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
se r reglatrs. fr example, reglatrs ma arge
te tilit a lterative cmpliae Pamet (cP)
ee r ever w el te aal PS reqiremet.
Pamets are geerall mae t te states eeale
erg f, i aes reeale eerg pr-
grams i te state. eremet rles are t vage
r leiet, eletriit sppliers ill t mpl it te
PS, a evelpers ill ave little ietive t il
reeale eerg per plats.
radable enewable nergy Credits (Cs): cs
are traale, -tagile eerg mmities tat
represet pr tat 1 megaatt-r eletriit
as geerate rm a eligile reeale eerg
resre. ese ertiates a e sl a trae r
artere, a te er te c a laim t ave
prase reeale eerg. a states all cs
t e se r PS mpliae, tere prviig -
trat exiilit, miimizig mpliae sts, reig
amiistrative tasks a simpliig veriati r
PS prgrams. c traig ma iterat avral
it ter pliies, s as ap a trae.
Cmlementary ractices: e sess PS is
igl epeet mplemetar pliies s as:
esre assessmet: appig t te lati
te est resres, trasmissi availailit, a
existig evelpmet it S aalsis. See seti
4 tis reprt.
rasmissi aess: ere mst e siet
trasmissi apait etee la eters
a reeale eerg resres. rastrtre
expasi pliies ma ee t e eate t
esre tis.
fiaig spprt: a PS prgrams reqire
miimm aial spprt t esre tat e
prjets a sere aig. Sme states reqire
la-servig etities t sig lg term trats t
ree aial risks a t make it easier r te
state t attrat ivestrs.
sose ui cere Sietists eeale letriit
Staars lkit. uL: ttp://g.ssa.rg/gi-i/S/state_
staars_sear.pl?template=mai
e virmetal Prteti ges eeale Prtli
Staar fat Seet. uL: ttp://.epa.gv/p/state-pli/
reeale_s.tml
Ls
exas as experiee te greatest irease i
reeale eerg apait expasi a se a
state (hrlt 2008a).
e PS target i exas as alas ee itee as a
miimm, t a maximm, allig reeale eerg
evelpmet i exas t gr.
ovvW
exas as e te rst states t apt rles r a
reeale eerg maate, estalisig a eeale
Prtli Staar (PS), a eeale erg
creit (c) traig prgram, a reeale eerg
prase reqiremets r mpetitive retailers i
te state. e rret staar alls r 5,880 w
2015, at 5% te states eletriit ema,
ilig a target 500 w reeale eerg
apait rm resres ter ta i. e target
als alls r 10,000 w reeale eerg apait
2025 (dS 2009). crret istalle reeale
eerg apait i exas is at 9,500 w as te
e 2009. Qaliig resres ile: slar, i,
getermal, reletri, ave r tial, imass, a
imass-ase aste prts.
s part te reeale eerg maate, te Pli
utilit cmmissi exas (Puc) estalise a
reeale eerg reit (c)-traig prgram,
i ega i 2001 a ill tie trg 2019.
oe c represets e megaatt-r qalie
reeale eerg tat is geerate r metere i
exas. letriit sppliers tat t r prase
amle Successul mlementatin: eas enewable prtli Standard
connud on P 18
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e cmpeim best Praties
eg reeale eerg apait ma prase
cs t meet teir PS reqiremet. mpliae
premim is ere r ea -i c geerate
ater deemer 31, 2007, lig te mpliae
vale reeale resres ter ta i. e c
market is amiistere a mitre co, te
exas eletri gri peratr (Sco 2009).
e sess te exas PS reqiremet a e
attrite t a mer atrs (P 2006):
hig-qalit reeale eerg resres i te
state, partilarl i eerg;
hig reeale eerg reqiremets tat triggere
market grt i te state;
e se cs r meetig targets;
creile pealties r mpliae;
lsi all eletriit prviers i te ave
pte it retail mpetiti; a
elative ease ilig trasmissi i exas as
mpare t ter states, it sts assige t all
ratepaers.
K s
1999 PS is itre as a apait gal, reqirig
2 w e apait 2009.
2005 ter te rigial gal as met iti six
ears, te PS as ajste as a apait gal r
5,880 w 2015.
F so oss
n mpreesive st te atal sts te
PS as ee mplete t ate. crret c sts
are i te rage $1-2 per megaatt r, r 10 t 20
ets per kilatt r.
Lssos L eeale eerg tmes r exas ave ee
straie trasmissi. e iitial ave
i per evelpmet i 2001-2002 as mre
ta existig trasmissi lies l ale. exas
evise its cmpetitive eeale erg Zes
(cZ) pli t resp t te trasmissi al-
leges. e exas Pli utilit cmmissi (Puc)
apprve a cZ trasmissi evelpmet pla
i Jl 2008 tat l ammate p t 18.5
w i per (hrlt 2008a).
iversi te states reeale geerati
prtli, exas Seate bill 20 iles a reqire-
met tat te state mst meet 500 w te
2025 target it -i reeale geerati.
e state als ers c mpliae premims r
telgies esies i (Sco 2009).
Moo vLo
exas as te rst state t apt te se cs t
etermie mpliae it PS targets a evelp
a eiet reeale eerg market (P 2006).
exas la atrizes lterative cmpliae
eaisms (cs) r PS mpliae, a te
Puc as prse amiistrative pealties as a
meas eremet. cs are se i isiet
reeale eerg is availale t meet PS targets r
i te prie cs is ig; cs ma perate as prie
aps t trl verall mpliae sts. e exas
la aps eremet pealties at $50/w r 200%
te average st reits trae rig te ear,
eetivel alaig prie prteti a ivestmet
stimlati settig teir varis st-limitig
saegars (Katsk 2007).
sLs
s Jl 2008, te exas PS ae 5.5 w e
reeale apait sie it ega i 2002, a et
geerati rm reeale sres as ireasig at
a rate mre ta e teraatt r per ear. exas
as maage t irease reeale eergs sare
te states el mix rm 0.6% i 2001 t 2.3% i 2007
(hrlt 2008a). b te e 2009, te reeale
apait i exas as at 9,400 w, a te aal
eerg prti exeee 20 milli w.
s 2005, te tax ase i te rral est as gr
as a reslt mre ta $1 illi e i
evelpmet. e PS as als spprte res
maatrig js a ter pprtities relate t
te i istr arss te state. upate mers
are likel t e availale (P 2006).
connud on P 15
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19
chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
e iitial 10-ear gal as met i jst ver six ears,
a i per evelpmet i exas as mre ta
qarple sie te PS as estalise, a te
2025 gal ill e met i 2010 (Sco 2009).
o Fo Mo FoMo
Pli rmati - Puc
Pli utilit cmmissi exas
1701 n. cgress vee
P.o. bx 13326
sti, X 78711-3326
(512) 936-7000
sosui cere Sietists Smmar rmati te
exas PS. uL: ttp://.ssa.rg/assets/mets/
lea_eerg/texas.p
fll text Seate bill 20 (Sb 20). uL: ttp://.p.state.
tx.s/rles/srles/eletri/25.173/25.173ei.m
2 NG FFCNC SoC SANDAD
ovvW
erg ie esre Staar (S) is a
reglatr meaism tat erages mre eiet
geerati, trasmissi, a se eletriit a
atral gas. S esres tat tilities apt eerg
eie as a lea, st-eetive eerg resre
estalisig a expliit, merial target r irpratig
eerg eie it te per sre mix. S
a e se iepeetl r i miati it a
eeale Prtli Staar (PS), i reqires tat
a peretage eletriit geerati e rm reeale
sres (see seti 2 tis reprt), r a state ma
ave t a PS tat iles eerg eie a
ave a separate S. S reqires tat retail eletri
(a smetimes atral gas) tilities meet a spei
prti teir eletriit ema trg eerg
eie.
Like a PS, a S is a perrmae-ase meaism
tat reqires eletriit a atral gas istritrs t
aieve a peretage eerg savigs relative t a
aselie. aselie a e te tilits prir ears eerg
sales, a average eerg sales i te preeig t r
tree ears, r eerg sales r a spei ear, like 2005.
depeig te state, savigs a e aieve :
erg eie prgrams tat ree stmers
eerg se;
eig eerg aste i a tilits istriti
sstems; r
Prasig eerg savigs rm ter tilities r tir-
part eie servie prviers.
e uite States es t rretl ave a atial
PS r S. s a reslt, ma states a sme
miipalities eat PS a S pliies iti teir
jrisitis.
e eets avig a S i plae ile:
S reates market ema r eerg eie
i, espeiall mie it mplemetar pra-
ties s as tax reits, a st te lal em
attratig e istries, reatig e, lal js
a rigig i revee assiate it eerg e-
ie prjets;
erg eie replaes te ee r ssil el
geerati, imprvig te evirmet aviig
emissis, reig plltats ilig slr xies
(Sox), itrge xies (nox), a ar ixie;
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e cmpeim best Praties
erg eie ivestmets are sigiatl less
expesive ta ssil el sres, elpig smers
save me;
erg eie prgrams a e implemeteqikl a egi savig eerg immeiatel;
erg eie is te l resre tat rees
verall eerg ema; ree ema saves -
smers me, a makes reeale eerg targets
easier a less expesive t meet; a
S tis i t reglate a reglate
eletriit markets.
s deemer 2009, 22 states ave eate a S
(c 2010a). Savigs targets rage tpiall etee
1% a 20% iti a ertai time rame (r example
20% 2020).3 st states als ile aal r iterim
targets i ramp p te level savigs ver time.
ltg ma tese states are jst egiig t
implemet a S, a mer states ave prve trak
rers r implemetig sessl eerg eie
prgrams.
oW s F
S is a pli, a is terere t a e prgram.
K PoM LMs
mm esig as t et emerge r S
prgrams, a prgrams var i eligiilit, mpliae
meaisms, resre ategries a prgram
amiistrati.
Administratin and rst stes: t is imperative t se-
re strg plitial a reglatr spprt trg-
t te rati te S prgram. failitate
isssis sl e el amg ke stakelers
t estalis prgram esigs. e mst apprpriate
lea age t implemet te S sl te e
selete. utilities ma e i te est psiti t imple-
met eerg eie prgrams ease te ave
a estalise relatisip it smers. hever,
tir-part amiistratrs r state ageies ave als
ee se i a mer states it sess.4
planning: Plaig sl e ertake t etermie
te level ptetial eerg savigs availale trg
eerg eie i ea setr. rss te uite
States., mst states ave te ptetial t ree teir
eerg se at 20-30% 2025.5 t is als im-
perative t etermie te met tat ill e se t
measre a veri eerg savigs er a S.
arget setting: argets t ee t e ig i rer
t e eetive. Settig ler eerg eie targets
i earlier ears alls eerg eie prgrams t
sll evelp as tilities gai experiee, tg
targets mst e set at levels ave at l ave
ee ertake i te asee s a regla-
ti. argets sl irease ver time t all r
expae prgram evelpmet, apti e
eerg eiet telgies, a lg-term eerg
savigs.
Cmliance and cst cntrl risins: S pli-
ies sl estalis a reile a atmati -
mpliae atig sstem tat is trasparet a
eas t se r reglatrs. lie aievig eerg
savigs, a tilit l make alterative mpliae
pamets r te amt er- r -mpliae
it te staar. Pamets are geerall mae t a
states eerg , i aes eerg eie
erts i te state. eremet rles are t vage
r leiet, eletriit sppliers ill t mpl it te
S.
3 i.
4 See, r example, ie Vermt at .eievermt.m, a te ne yrk State erg esear a develpmet trit at
.sera.rg.
5 See, r example, te liks t reprts flria, exas, a arla availale i te esres seti.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
amle Successul mlementatin: Cnnecticut nergy fciency esurce Standard
Ls
cetit alls all st-eetive eerg eiemeasres t t as a eligile resre tar teir
eeale erg Prtli Staar gals.
ovvW
cetits eeale Prtli Staar (PS)
rigiall reqire tat a miimm 7% te states
eletriit me rm class reeale resres.6 s
2004, at least 3% mre te states eletriit as
reqire t me rm class reeale resres.7
2005, te PS as expae t irprate a class
reqiremet tat iles eerg eie a
cmie heat a Per (chP). uer te class
reqiremets, 2007, eletriit sppliers a t
meet 1% teir ema sig eerg eie
a chP, a te target irease 1% ea ear p t
a ttal 4% 2010.8 rer t meet te state S
gals, tilit-le eerg eie prgrams are se,
t te resltig eerg savigs are t ig eg
t aieve te state gals trg te tilit prgrams
ale. erere, sppliers mst ertiates
represetig real eerg eie savigs rm tir-
part prviers, s as a eerg servie mpa,
t make p te ieree. ese ertiate vales a
rage i st etee $0.01 a $0.031 per kw
savigs (c 2010).
e state spprts tilit eie a servati
erts prviig expert giae a assistae
via te erg cservati aagemet bar
(cb), a etit tat als maages te cetit
erg ie f (cf).9 e cb meets
aall it te tilit mpa t evelp teir
eerg eie plas.
cf amiisters a site prgrams tat elp
meers a reters, small a large siesses,a state a lal gvermets ree teir eerg
sage.
Private eerg servie prviers are se t
spplemet te tilits eerg prgram savigs i
rer t aieve te eerg eie target gals
i cetit. Private mpaies mst rst prpse
teir prjets a ave te prjets qalie te
cetit departmet Pli utilit ctrl
(dPuc), i ill assig a spei meri reit
r ea qalie prjet. up mpleti te
prjet, te eerg servie prvier a te sell tat
reit t eletriit sppliers t ll te gap etee
te sppliers reqire target eerg savigs r te
ear a te amt t prvie its eerg
eie prgrams (Qila 2010).
K s
1998 - cetit legislatre apte a la tat
reate te erg cservati aagemet bar
(cb) a te cetit erg ie f
(cf), e tilit ratepaers.
2005 - e S reqiremet as irprate it
te PS meaism.
2007 - e letriit a erg ie t
(h.b. 7432) stregtee tese reqiremets
eatig mplemetar pliies, ilig pliies
verig eerg savigs rm aste eat rever.
ese pliies elp aieve greater levels eerg
eie i cetit. e la als reqires eletri
6 class resres ile: slar, i, el ells, l impat r, a l emissis imass.
7 class resres ile ter r, miipal sli aste, a iger emissis imass.
8 class resres ile: (1) stmer-site cmie heat a Per (chP) sstems, it a miimm peratig eie 50%, istalle
at mmerial r istrial ailities i cetit r ater Jaar 1 , 2006; (2) eletriit savigs rm servati a la maage-
met prgrams tat starte r ater Jaar 1, 2006,; a (3) sstems tat rever aste eat r pressre rm mmerial a istrial
presses istalle r ater pril 1, 2007.
9 e cb avises a assists tilit distribution mpaies i te evelpmet a implemetati mpreesive a st-eetive
eerg servati a market trasrmati plas (te t, ever, assist tir-part prviers). e cf is primaril e
a small arge stmers ills (see Pli beet fs, seti 2) t elp state a lal gvermets, meers a reters, a
siesses ree teir eerg sage it eerg eie. ttp://.tsaveseerg.rg/at/iex.pp. e cf is amiistere te
t mai eletriit distribution tilit mpaies i cetit.
connud on P 22
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istriti tilities t prre all st-eetive eerg
eie as teir rst-pririt resre.
2008 - ajr tilities a te erg cservatiaagemet bar smitte a mie 2009
cservati a La aagemet Pla t te
dPuc. e dPuc aepte te pla, a rere tat
te 2010 pla estalis raer, lger-term gals.
2009 - utilit prgrams are respig arigl
i te 2010 pla it gals t aieve ar 1.5%
savigs ( ttal sales) ea ear.
F so oss
st ig r cf a te cb mes rm a
small arge tilit stmers ills.
fig r tilit-le eerg eie prgrams
is pai r as part te stmers rates.
aiti, revees erive rm te sales
eerg-savig reits prase istritrs
rm te servati a maagemet prgrams
r te cf are ae t cfs ig r
tre prjets.
Private eerg eie servie mpaies arge
teir stmers r makig imprvemets, a
ear aitial revee sellig reits t te
tilit sppliers.
Lssos L
callege: Existing utility programs would not be able
to achieve the energy eciency target goals that were
set or the state.
Slti: e dPuc pt i plae a reqiremet tat,
i aiti t a tilit mpas eie
prgrams, te mst prase a set amt eerg
eie (alle class ) rm a qalie tir
part sre. e dPuc qalies prjets t reeive
reits tat a te e prase te tilit. is
alls te state t meet its target eie gals a
als reates a market ema r eerg eie
prgrams tat geerate js.
callege: The Connecticut EERS program has
successully increased energy eciency in Connecticut.
However, the structure o the program avors energy
eciency programs unded by the CEEF over privately-
unded programs o independent third-party energy
eciency providers. Consequently, the Connecticut
energy savings credit market is dominated by the two
electricity distribution utilities (that administer the
CEEF) while third-party energy eciency providers
have been unable to sell energy saving credits into the
market.
Sggeste Slti: pli tilit mmissi sl
e lear rm te egiig regarig eter te
itet te PS/S pli is t spr private, tir-
part ivestmets i te state, r i te sle itet
te pli is t irease se reeale eerg aeerg eie (eve i tis is amplise te
tilities temselves).
oter appraes l e t ap te amt
S tat a tilit a prvie t te market, r
reate a set-asie r tir-part iepeet eerg
eie prviers, i l se a lear market
sigal tat l erage private ivestmets i
eerg eie i te state. frter, te state l
reate a press allig tir-part eerg eie
prviers t mpete agaist tilities r aess t
cf ig.
callege: It is dicult to evaluate energy eciency
projects and determining the number o credits
to assign to each project. Unlike a project that
provides a measurable commodity, as in the case o
Renewable Energy Credits (such as a wind turbine that
creates measureable electricity), energy eciency
improvements are more dicult to measure in
quantifable amounts.
Slti:e dPuc is rkig t esre tat tesstem iles ig r aalzig a aitig
eerg eie prgrams.
Moo vLo
uite llmiatig a cetit Ligt a Per
mitr a le aal evalatis it te dPuc.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
e cb reprts reslts aall t te cetit
legislatre it irmati at te prgrams a
te mer stmers serve, a te reslts all
eerg eie prgrams.
sLs
Sie 1998, cetits eerg eie prgrams
ave aieve retis eqivalet t te geeratig
apait a 558 w per plat (cf 2009).
2008, cf prgram ativities reslte i:
368 milli kw aal savigs (4.2 illi lietime
savigs) (cf 2009);
$66 milli i aal sal savigs r cetit
resiets, siesses, a gvermets ($774 mil-li lietime savigs) (cf 2009); a
2.4 milli ts ar ixie emissis
avie (lietime) (cf 2009).
eslts geerate -tilit sres (private
eerg servie prviers) are t et availale.
o Fo Mo FoMo
ark Qila
Spervisr, letri
cetit departmet Pli utilit ctrl
10 frakli Sqarene britai, c 06051-2655
(860) 827-2691
soslliae t Save erg at seet: erg ie esre
Staar ttp://ase.rg/tet/artile/etail/5562
meria cil r a erg-iet m (c)
at seet: erg ie esre Staar ttp://.
aeee.rg/eerg/atial/eers.tm
c eprt: Ptetial r erg ie a eeale
erg t eet flrias rig erg dema. vailale
at: ttp://.aeee.rg/ps/e072.tm
c eprt: Ptetial r erg ie, dema
espse, a osite eeale erg t eet exass
rig letriit nees. vailale at: ttp://.aeee.rg/
ps/e073.tm
c eprt: erg ie: e first fel r a clea
erg ftreesres r eetig arlas letriit
nees. vailale at: ttp://.aeee.rg/ps/e082.tm
cetit erg ie f: ttp://.tsavese-erg.rg/
cetit Ligt a Per cmpa: ttp://.l-p.m/
aq/categr.aspx?ame=erg+ie
uite llmiatig: ttp://.iet.m/iet/et/u-
net/p+navigatr/yr+bsiess/u+Prts+&+Servies/
c+erg+ie+etive+Prgram/
ovvW
Pli beet f (Pbf) is a pplar pli tl tat
as ee apte ma states a sme miipalities
i te uite States. t is se t prvie a esive
strateg a lg-term ig r state a it-r
eerg prgrams. t is mst mml spprte a
Sstems beet carge (Sbc), a small, xe ee ae t
stmers eletriit ills ea mt.
Pbfs all states a ities t aress ke teial,
reglatr a market arriers, s as emergig
telgies r p-rt istallati sts. variet
reeale eerg a eerg eie prgrams
a e e trg tis meaism, ilig
iret ietives, resear a evelpmet, siess
evelpmet, ig r reeale eerg prjets,
istr evelpmet a pli eati prgrams
(dS 2009).
Sbcs are tpiall llete rm stmers ivestr-
e tilities. oe te arges are llete, prgrams
a e amiistrate eiter a state age, a tir
2C pC NF FND
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e cmpeim best Praties
part r te tilit. egarless amiistrative strtre,
tere is sall a pprtit r stakeler ipt. e
P as ietie tree asi ig mels se t
allate te s (P 2008a):
e inestment mdel ses state las a eqit t
prvie iitial ivestmet i lea eerg mpaies
a prjets.
e rject deelment mdel iretl prmtes
lea eerg prjet istallati prviig pr-
ti ietives a grats/reates.
e industry deelment mdel ses siess
evelpmet grats, marketig spprt prgrams, re-
sear a evelpmet grats, resre assessmets,
teial assistae, smer eati a em-
strati prjets t ailitate market trasrmati.
Sme states implemet a miati tese ig
mels.
oW s F
Pli beet fs are mml spprte a Sbc,
i is a small, xe ee ae t stmers eletriit
ills ea mt. Sme states arr rar exess aal
tritis t elp tai sistet ig levels a
prtet agaist te iversi ig t ter state
ees.
K PoM LMs
e P as ietie a mer est praties r
Pbfs ase state experiees (P 2008a):
Administratin and rst stes: t is imprtat t
sliit te piis itereste stakelers te
esig a amiistrati te Pbf trgt te
plaig press. tilit, state age r tir part
mst e selete r amiistrati t esre tat
ivestmets ll te prgrams gals a represet
pli iterest. legislati is reqire t implemet
te sstems eet arge, rat legislati sl e
evelpe r te sierati te state legislatre.
prtli actiities: Prgrams spprte te Pbf
te ile spprt r t emergig a tei-
all prve telgies. e states eerg gals
sl rst e ietie t etermie at kis
ietives are eee. balae prtlis ile
prgrams r teial assistae, la maagemet,
reates, grats, las, eqit a sriate et
ivestmets, a siess evelpmet grats. ere
sl e a egree exiilit t resp t ages
i markets reatig e r mie prgrams.
arget setting and mnitring: e prgram sl
ave measrale, mitre targets, s as i-
rastrtre evelpmet measre i w e
apait, a eerg savigs. is ma e ilt t
amplis i sig a istr evelpmet mel.
Funding surces: fig sres sl e kept
sistet rm ear t ear. xess aal tri-
tis sl e alle t arr rar t te ext
ear, espeiall as te prgram is gettig starte.
eaisms sl e set p t esre sistet
ig levels a t prevet s rm eig al-
late t ter state ees. e prper legislative
lagage a pli aklegemet te Pbfs
eets elp t mitigate te misallati s.
ransarency: State ials, e lers a te
pli sl e mae aare te Pbf, it is e-
ig allate, at tpes telgies are eligile
t appl r te ig, a at te appliati
prere etails. aal get sl e set p
r te tat speies te eligile telgies
a laries te isrsemet preres a ter
riteria r eligiilit (n21 2009).
Cmlementary rgrams: Prgrams tat mple-
met Pbfs ile PS a S, tax reits a la
prgrams. t is imprtat t riate it tese pr-
grams t prevet evelpers rm takig avatage
mltiple ietives simltaesl.
sosvirmetal Prteti ges State clea erg fs
fat Seet. uL: ttp://.epa.gv/chP/state-pli/s_
s.tml
clea erg States lliaes brieg Paper n.1- develpig
a etive State clea erg Prgram: bleprit r S-
ess. uL: ttp://.leaeergstates.rg/Pliatis/cS-
bleprit_fr_Sess_ar09.p
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
ovvW
e ne Jerse clea erg Prgram (nJcP) is astateie, mpreesive prgram prmtig eerg
eie a reeale eerg telgies i te
state. t as reate te letri dist a
erg cmpetiti t (dc) i 2001 it te
jetive trasrmig te eerg marketplae i
ne Jerse.
e prgrams te nJcP are esige t
mplemet te ne Jerse erg aster Pla, mst
reetl revise i 2008. e erg aster Pla as
set tree gals t e aieve te ear 2020:
ee eerg smpti at least 20%;
ee peak ema 5,700 w;
eerate 30% te states eletriit ees rm
reeale resres.
e nJcP reeives ig rm ne Jerses
Sstems beet carge, i is k as a Sietal
beets carge (Sbc) i te state. e Sbc is
amiistere te ne Jerse bar Pli
utilities (nJbPu) a maage trg tir parties.
t as reslte i te reati several prgrams
esige t spee te apti reeale eerg
a eerg eie i te state, ilig ig
r large gri-ete reeale eerg; reate
prgrams spprtig eerg eie a small-sale
reeale eerg; maatrig ietives; eie
i e strti a ilig retrts; ny
S prts; eerg aits; a spprt r a
mer ter prgrams a telgies.
e nJcP is maage trg a pe stakeler
press mtl meetigs it eerg eie
a reeale eerg siesses, pli ials,
eletri a atral gas tilities, evirmetal
grps, siess rgaizatis, state lleges a
iversities, as ell as ter itereste parties.
wile tese grps t ave a vtig sa i te
prgram, te stakelers assist i evelpig te
spei resietial, mmerial, a istr eerg
eie a reeale eerg prgrams, ilig
teir gets, a te prvie eeak at is
rkig i te market a at ees t e imprve.
K s
1999 - ne Jerses eletri tilit restrtrig
legislati reate a Sbc t spprt ivestmets i
eerg eie a reeale eerg.
2003 - e ne Jerse bar Pli utilities
(nJbPu) estalise te oe clea erg (oc)
t amiister te nJcP.
2004 - nJbPu apprve ttal ig
$745,000,000 r te ears 2005 trg 2008 r
its eerg eie a reeale eerg iitiatives.
e grt i te level prjets reslte i ages
t te cstmer o-site eeale erg (co)
ietive prgram t esre a alae etee sppl
a ema r s.
2007 aagemet traserre rm te nJbPu
t tir-part prgram maagers, heell utilit
Sltis a c erg Sltis. e nJbPu
ties t at as te amiistratr te nJcP,
ile trate prgram maagers are respsiler maagig a implemetig its prgrams.
May 14, 2009 - ne Jerse reeive $73.6 milli i
meria ever a eivestmet t ()
s r its eerg stimls pririties, r erg
ie a cservati blk rats t lal
gvermets a r te State erg iet
ppliae eate Prgram.
F so oss
e ne Jerse clea erg Prgram is e via
a small srarge all stmers eletriit ills.
is Sietal beets carge (Sbc) is llete as
a arge impse all stmers ne Jerses
seve ivestr-e eletri pli tilities a
gas pli tilities, it te amt etermie
te nJbPu. Six prgrams tat eet t resiets
a siesses are spprte te Sbc arges:
amle Successul mlementatin: New Jersey Clean nergy prgram
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e cmpeim best Praties
sial prgrams, lear plat emmissiig, te
uiversal Servie f, remeiati maatre
gas plat sites, smer eati a te nJcP.
frm 2001 trg 2008, $1.227 illi as llete
t spprt ne Jerses clea erg Prgram.
aitial $1.213 illi ill e llete rm 2009-
2012. Septemer 2009, nJbPu apprve a 2009-
2012 get $1.213 illi, it apprximatel 80%
($950 milli) evte t eerg eie prgrams
a 20% ($243 milli) t reeale eerg prgrams.
spet s, ilig ietive mmitmets
rm previs ears, are arrie it te ext ears
get.
Lssos L
ster te tie grt slar eerg
evelpmet i te state a t elp meet its
aggressive PS gal, nJcP istitte a ivative
aig pilt prgram i 2007, Slar eeale
erg creits (Scs). Scs are registere a
trae amg eletriit sppliers a ter ers
iti a estalise irastrtre. letriit
sppliers are reqire eiter t te Scs, r t
pa a Slar lterative cmpliae Pamet (ScP)
istea. e Sc-l pilt prgram as sessl,
resltig i istalle apait mre ta 40 w.
eetig te states aggressive PS gal er a
siess-as-sal appra, trast, l ave
reqire a $10 illi reate prgram.
wile llete as a tari trg te Sbc, nJcPs
s are lassie as a Speial evee rst f
i te ne Jerse State bget a part te states
al pprpriatis t. is prevets te me
rm eig reallate t ter state prgrams.
Moo vLoPrtls ave ee evelpe t measre resre
savigs, ilig eletri eerg apait, atral
gas, a ter resre savigs; a t measre
eletri eerg a apait rm reeale eerg
a istrite geerati sstems. Spei prtls
r etermiig te resre savigs r geerati
rm ea prgram are presete r ea eligile
measre a telg. e prtls ill e se
sistetl stateie t assess prgram impats a
allate eerg a resre savigs t:
1. eprt t te ar prgram perrmae;
2. Prvie ipts r plaig a st-eetiveess
allatis;
3. callate lst margi revee rever (as ap-
prve te nJbPu);
4. Prvie irmati t reglatrs a prgram
amiistratrs r etermiig eligiilit r ami-
istrative perrmae ietives (t te extet tat
s ietives are apprve te nJbPu); a
5. ssess te evirmetal eets prgramimplemetati.
fr mre irmati, please slt te ne Jerse
bar Pli utilities: ne Jerse clea erg
Prgram Prtls t easre esre Savigs, Je
2009 (nJbPu 2009a).
sLs
fr 2001 trg 2008, prgram ativities reslte
i lietime eerg savigs ver 22.6 milli w
eletriit; 70 milli ekaterms atral gas;
7.5 milli w reeale geerati; a 1.5
milli w istrite geerati rm m-
ie eat a per sstems (nJbPu 2009).
s nvemer 30, 2009, ne Jerses clea
erg Prgram a spprte te istallati
4,719 reeale eerg prjets arss te
state, prviig 153.9 w sstaiale eerg,
ilig slar, i, imass a el ell prjets
(nJbPu 2009).
Slar eerg istallatis at r 4,676
tse prjets, prig 115 w per.
bimass istallatis prvie ver 25.88
w istalle apait trg 14 prjets.
wi istallatis prvie ver 7.68 w
istalle apait trg 20 prjets.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
frm 2003-2009, te nJcP ree eletriit
a atral gas smpti i apprximatel
500,000 iligs (nJbPu 2009).
s 2009, resietial stmers a save at
$4 r ever llar spet te prgram. te
mmerial a istrial setrs, stmers save
at $11 r ever llar spet te prgram
(nJbPu 2009).
sosne Jerse clea erg Prgram wesite. uL: ttp://.
jleaeerg.m/
amle Successul mlementatin: fciency vermnt
Ls
ie Vermt is a stateie eerg eie
tilit reate it Pli beet fs.
2007 a 2008, te prjete erlig la
grt as exeee gais i eerg eiei
ter rs, te state Vermt aieve egative
la grt.
ovvW
Vermt is iel k r its sessl
evelpmet te uite States rst eergeie tilit ame ie Vermt. ie
Vermt as reate i 2000 t all eerg
eie t e treate as a resre i meetig
te states eletriit ema. ie Vermt is
perate a iepeet, prt rgaizati,
te Vermt erg vestmet crprati (Vc),
er trat t te Vermt Pli Servie bar.
prvie eerg eie as a resre, ie
Vermt elieves tat ig eie sl e as
eas as pllig it a gas stati t pmp gas. at is,
r te stmer, it sl e jst reqire a pe allt egi.
rer t sell eerg eie as a resre t
tilit mpaies, ie Vermt prvies
teial assistae, aial ietives a prgrams
t Vermt ratepaer sels a siesses.
ie measres ile eerg-eiet
eqipmet a ligtig. aiti, expert avie is
prvie r e strti a retrt prjets
existig resiees, amg ter assistae.
bsiesses a l-ime markets are serve.
ie Vermt rks iretl it meers
a reters, siess peratrs, lleges a
iversities, miipal aste a ater, sls,
istrial presses, state iligs, arms, spitals
a ski areas t ree teir eerg sts trg
eerg eie.
Sie its iepti i 2000, ie Vermt
as save stmers mre ta $66 milli i et
eets rm eerg eie ivestmets (hess
2010). nt l es tis reiret $66 milli tat
l ave ee spet eerg t ter parts
te em, te eerg save te prgram
als ree peak la. frter, te save eerg
ireases te reliailit existig geerati,
trasmissi, a istriti sstems a elps ela
te ee t il e per plats.
e ve market areas ere ie Vermt ers
prgrams t ree eerg ema are 1) siess
e strti; 2) siess existig ailities; 3)
resietial e strti; 4) resietial existig
mes; a 5) retail eiet prts.
ie Vermt targets its largest eletriit sers
i te mmerial a istrial setrs t prvie
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e cmpeim best Praties
stmize, at-maage servie a expert
avie t aress eerg eie imprvemets
iqe t te stmers ees. cmpare t te
prir ear, sme sessl measres i 2008 ile
(ie Vermt 2009):
e rerigerati iitiative elivere 475 w i
savigs;
ir itiig imprvemets save stmers
45%;
cmpresse air imprvemets save stmers
110%;
trs a mtr trl imprvemets save
stmers 35%;
oter prjets save 144,425 w i 2008.
K s
1999 - e state Vermt estalise a eerg
eie tilit (u) t implemet ratepaer-e
eerg eie prgrams.
2000 - e rst ear implemetati, ie
Vermt aieve at 20,000 w i eerg
savigs.
2006 e state Vermt aieve 55,000 w
savigs, i eqate t a iel 40 w save
r ea $10,000 iveste i ie Vermt
prgrams. ls i 2006 te Vermt Pli Servie
bar irease its ig t ie Vermt.
s a reslt irease speig prgrams, eerg
savigs jmpe t 103,000 w i 2007, mpletel
settig te erlig eletri la grt rate,
reig aal stateie eerg reqiremets
1.74%, a ielig 53 w save r ea $10,000
iveste i prgrams.
2008 - Perrmae as eve etter: erg savigs
ere 144,000 w; a aal stateie eerg
reqiremets ere ree 2.5%.
2009 - e Vermt Pli Servie bar (PSb)
apprve a e strtre r te u, mvig rm
3-ear trats t a 12-ear strtre.10
F so oss
2009, ie Vermt spet $30.9 milli
eie prgrams (hess 2010). ie Vermt
is e via a small srarge stmers eletri
ills. e st is a set ee 0.67 ets per kw (i
eqates t ve peret te reglar average rate
14.23 ets per kw) a is sistet r resietial,
mmerial a istrial stmers.
Prir t te rmati ie Vermt as a
eerg-eie tilit, tis srarge as i plae
a as se te tilities temselves t pa r teir
eerg eie servies. wit te rmati
ie Vermt, te tilit mpaies ease t
prvie teir eerg eie servies.11
Lssos L
e Vc aall revies ie Vermts
prgress tar perrmae gals a evelps r
aelerates strategies t meet tse gals. eet
iitiatives ave ile targetig r gegrapi
areas r eep eerg eie ivestmets, iret
istallati prgrams r ligtig a evelpig
mmit eerg prjets.
Sie its iepti i 2000, te strtre ie
Vermt as a eerg eie tilit as ee
mie a imprve as etter as aievig its
gals are leare. 2007, Vermt ega t sier
strtral ages t te mel ease 1) te existig
tree-ear trat mel as straiig te ailit
ie Vermt t egage i lg-term eerg-
savig strategies, a 2) ilties assiate itte tratal relatisip it te Pli utilit
bar iere te ptetial ie Vermt.
10 fr irmati at te e strtre r te eerg eie tilit t a 12-ear rer appitmet, see tis lik rm te Pli
Servie bar esite: ttp://ps.vermt.gv/ketsaprjets/ee/7466
11 wit te exepti e tilit (brligt letri departmet) i still prvies eerg eie servies iti its servie territr.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
erere, i 2009, a e, reglate eerg eie
tilit mel as apprve te Vermt Pli
Servie bar, mvig ie Vermt rm a
tree-ear trat mel t a 12-ear mel i
ill e reglate mre like a per tilit. is age
ill all te u t take lger-term rles,
mmitmets, a partersips, ilig lg-term
resre plaig.
Moo vLo
Vermt la gives te Pli Servie bar
respsiilit r verseeig te eerg eie
tilit. itrig a evalati ativities are arrie
t te departmet Pli Servie, Vermts
age iti te exetive ra gvermetarge it represetig te pli iterest i
matters relatig t eerg. e departmet aall
veries ie Vermts savigs laims.
aiti, a trieial iepeet ait ie
Vermts st-eetiveess is te. fr mre
irmati a extesive etails at te versigt
ativities, see ttp://ps.vermt.gv/tilitistries/
ee/geerali/versigtativities.
sLs
2008 ale, ie Vermt aieve savigs 144,000 w, a sigiat irease ver 2007
(ie Vermt 2009).
betee Jl 2007 a te e 2008, i te
states r areas targete r aelerate savigs,
iter peak eletriit savigs ere irease
320%, a smmer peak savigs ere irease
680% (ie Vermt 2009).
t a st l 3.1 ets per kilatt-r, e-
ie remais Vermts least-st resre t
meet te eletriit ees mes a siess-
es (ie Vermt 2009).
2008, ie Vermt a its parters l-
ere aal stateie eletrial ema reqire-
mets 2.5%, reig te ee r expesive
e geerati a trasmissi irastrtre t
meet tat ema (ie Vermt 2009).
o Fo Mo FoMo
fraes b. hess
xetive ssistat, Pli a Pli airs
Vermt erg vestmet crprati
255 S. camplai Street
brligt, V 05401
800 639 6069 x 1033
802 488 7533
sosie Vermt: .eievermt.m
e Vermt departmet Pli Servie we site: .
pliservie.vermt.gv. or r reglatr irmati relat-
ig t te erg ie utilit: ttp://ps.vermt.gv/
tilitistries/ee/geerali
bakgr ie Vermt: (capter 6, egiig
it Page 7): ttp://pliservie.vermt.gv/p/state-
plas/state-pla-eletri2005.p
ie Vermt reslts: ttp://.eievermt.
m/stella/leli/higligts2008_fial.p.
ie Vermt aal reprts: ttp://.eiever-
mt.m/pages/cmm/tus/aleprt/
State Vermt, rret eerg eie arge rates r
te Pbf: ttp://ps.vermt.gv/tilitistries/ee/geer-
ali/rretcrates
ne iretis r Vermt: fr irmati at te e
strtre r te eerg eie tilit t a rer ap-
pitmet, see tis lik rm te Pli Servie bar e-
site: ttp://ps.vermt.gv/ketsaprjets/ee/7466
2D NG CoD MpMNAoN
ovvW
fr tries a states itereste i imprvig te
eerg perrmae iligs, aptig a p-t-ate
eerg e is a imprtat rst step. qall imprtat
t aievig real eerg savigs is te ee r strg
eerg e implemetati. ve a ell-ritte, mel
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e cmpeim best Praties
12 fr example, i Seattle, wasigt, J hga, te Seir ce develpmet alst r te Seattle departmet Plaig a develp-
met as ee rkig r earl tirt ears t pl ig eerg e staars r te cit.
eerg e is mre ta rs paper itt te
erts esig pressials, ilers, evelpers a
e ials t mpl it a ere it.
erg e implemetati reers t all atis take
gvermet ageies, -prt grps, te esig
a strti istries a ter stakelers t
esre tat ivlve rgaizatis ave te irmati
a tls eee t aieve mpliae it te apte
e. ltg te se iterageal, mpliae
reers t te respsiilit te ilig mmit t
mpl it te e, ereas eremet reers t te
respsiilit te gvermet r tir part rgaiza-
ti t veri tat iligs meet e reqiremets.
eiter eremet r mpliae is lakig, te aptee ill t aieve its targete eerg savigs.
e primar gals mpreesive eerg e traiig
are t amiliarize ilig pressials a e ials
it te rret mel eerg es a vie
tem tat eerg es are vital t teir re missi
prtetig lie, ealt, a saet. raiig, te, mst als
ver atial eerg gals, lal gvermet pririties,
limate age, a te latest gree telgies.
raiig a r i lassrms, via te iteret, a
ilig sites, epeig atrs s as gegrap,
emgrapis, ig, a ter variales.
mplemetati erts etermie te ea es
estalisig ritial irastrtre (e.g., mltistage
ispeti preres, permittig prtls) a
prviig eessar tls (e.g., eatial resres,
traiig).
Plimakers a avates te pliize te
eets apte es. lear implemetati
strateg trasrms tese prmises it measreale
eerg a aial savigs.
erg eie is te qikest, eapest a lea-
est a t ree eerg smpti a aieve
a sstaiale a eerg tre, a ilig eerg
es are a ritial mpet tat missi.
oW s F
erg e implemetati reqires a sigiat ivest-
met time a resres. fig mes rm a variet
sres, s as ilig permit ees, evelpmet
ees, a state r atial get allati, ile limate
age legislati migt prvie a e appra.
K PoM LMs
rer t aieve sess, tere mst e real plitial
spprt rm te lal gvermet, a a trl ei-
ate sta ampiig te ert.12
cmpliae egis it a ilig esig tat is e-
mpliat.
o te j site, ilers a tratrs ee t -
ersta t istall reqire materials a eqip-
met i a maer tat meets e reqiremets.
cmpter-ase tls a servies elp t atmate
a streamlie te permit a ispeti presses:
escek a cmcek are se t geerate
el ispeti eklists r -site ispetis.
o-site mmiatis telg imprves te
eie ispetrs assessmets:
Sessl eerg e epartmets tiall
strive t imprve e implemetati aa-
lzig teir reprts a ata t etermie
te est praties a prviig stmize
eatial resres r teir lal str-
ti istr.
ealisti es a staars mst e aiev-
ale it ilig spplies tat are reail avail-
ale te market.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
Ls
e Seattle erg ce (Sc) as rigiallapte i 1980, as maatr r resietial a
resietial (mmerial, istittial, istrial)
iligs. e e is pate ever tree ears.
cit reslti sets targets r te eerg savigs
-resietial iligs at 20% ave te r-
ret Sh Staar 90.1. 13
ovvW
Seattle, wasigt as a pplati 602,000 a
is late i te Pai nrtest regi te uite
States, at 100 miles st te uScaaa
rer. wile ever it akleges teir getar
straits, Seattle as mae a erte ert t
priritize eerg eie. e cit as regize
tat itt s a ert, e mpliae ill t
r itsel. erg e eremet reqires a
ll mmitmet rm te it, measre i lar re
a resres, t jst a prmise a gree iitiative.
e cit Seattles eerg e aresses ma
ieret aspets iligs, s as meaial a
eletrial sstems, islati, i glazig, aligtig.
e Seattle departmet Plaig a develpmet
(dPd) is respsile r settig a erig
te Seattle erg ce (Sc). dPd resps t
mplaits, erages qestis, a is reail
availale t te esig a strti mmit.
e dPd ts a mltistep pla revie a
ispeti press r eerg e mpliae r all
strti prjets. e mai steps are:
1. take sta sree all appliatis r ilig
permits a meaial permits t esre te are
mplete.
2. e eerg a meaial e pla revieers
te examie all raigs a retr tem t te
prjet esig team it a rreti list, iiat-
ig spei areas mpliae a im-
plete irmati. fr mplex r sal prjets,a iterpretati eree is rgaize t
all te prjet esig team t ask qestis a
gai a etaile erstaig te eerg e
reqiremets.
3. e eletrial pla revieers prvie a mparale
revie r eletrial permit appliatis, ekig
r eerg e mpliae it ligtig reqire-
mets, a issig rreti lists as eessar.
4. ter te esig team makes te eessar rre-
tis, dPd isses te apprpriate permit: ilig,
meaial, r eletrial.
5. o-site ispetis te veri tat ea pase
strti rresps it te apprve plas.
K s
1974 - Seattle apte islati reqiremets r
tels, mtels, apartmet ses, lgig ses,
elligs a ter resietial iligs.
1977 - e state wasigt apte islati
staars r resietial iligs.
1980 - Seattle apte a mpreesive Seattle
erg ce (Sc) r t mmerial a
resietial strtres, i is appliale t te altere
prtis existig strtres. wasigt State
apte a mpreesive wasigt State erg
ce (wSc) six mts later.
1985 - e state legislatre passe te State bilig
ce t a State erg ce t (Sc). e
State bilig ce t gave rlemakig atrit t
te wasigt State bilig ce cil (Sbcc),
i versees all ilig a eerg es iti
te state (bcP 2010).
1986 - Seattle like its e t te wSc it mir
amle Successul mlementatin: Seattle, Washingtn
13 regars t eerg staars, Sh is a mml se sre teial staars a gielies.
connud on P 32
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e cmpeim best Praties
amemets. Sie tat time, te wSc is reviee
a pate at least ever tree ears, a te Sc
as eiter mate (i areas ere state la es t
all miatis) r exeee te wSc.
2001 - e Seattle it il apte a reslti
t reqire tat ea sseqet pate t te Sc
aieve a 20% irease i eerg savigs e te
rret Sh Staar 90.1.
2009 - e Sbcc apte te 2009 wasigt
State erg ce (wSc) nvemer 20, 2009.
e e ill take eet stateie Jl 1, 2010.
dPd sta as eg iteral evelpmet te
2009 Sc, i ill sist te 2009 wSc pls
Seattle amemets t te -resietial riteria.
dPd is tig pli revie i te rst qarter
2010. ts gal is t ave te 2009 Sc take eet a
similar timelie as te 2009 wSc.
F so oss
e dPd es t estimate te st eerg e
eremet iepeetl; it is irprate it te
verall st rig te epartmet.
dPd as ve ll-time sta t eerg epla revies r mltiamil a resietial prj-
ets (strtral pla revieers etermie eerg e
mpliae r sigle-amil prjets). ts ilig, me-
aial a eletrial ispetrs irprate eerg
servati it teir reglar rk.
we te iitial Seattle erg ce tk eet i
1980, Seattle estalise a separate eerg revie ee
eqivalet t 20% te ilig permit ee. Later, te
eerg revie ee as remve as a separate lie item,
a irprate it te ilig permit ee.
aiti, te its miipal eletri tilit, Seattle
cit Ligt, s 3.25 f14 eerg e psitis
at dPd t implemet Sc reqiremets tat are mre
striget ta te wSc. ese s me t
Seattle cit Ligt rates. reater eerg eie
rees te ee t prase r evelp e per
geerati.
Lssos Lcallege: Prior to sta being hired, or the frst six
months o 1980 DPD permitted architects, engineers
and designers to demonstrate compliance using
their own proessional stamps. Ater examining plan
revisions submitted or these projects, DPD ound
many cases in which the initial design did not comply
with the code. For the project design teams, the issue
was not o carelessness or lack o concern or energy
code provisions. Rather, they lacked the necessary
expertise, which led to conusion, misinterpretation and
widespread compliance ailure.
Slti: wile te aeptae pressial stamps
i lie pla revie as l itee as a temprar
measre til sta as ire a traie, te experi-
ee valiate te ee r etaile pla revie a i-
speti. e dPd rearme te eessit t-
ig a trg pla revie press r ea prjet.
callege:The energy code is updated periodically, and
updating the building community is dicult.
Slti: Sta memers a ispetrs are traieater ea e pate t esre tat dPd sta
preset siste i eremet a e
rretis. tr, dPd sta er traiig sessis
r te ilig mmit, i are rgaize
tpi: ilig evelpe, meaial, a ligtig.
ese sessis ver pates a ages t te e,
as ma te atteees are astme t ilig
t te existig r rmer Seattle erg ce. e
sta als trais lal trae assiati apters a
ter speialt grps p reqest. t is imprtat
t etaile revies rig te rst six mts stat esigers a tratrs k t pate teir
speiatis a age teir staar praties.
aiti, dPd sta memers a ispetrs meet
eekl t isss e isses as te arise.
connud on P 33
14 f stas r fll ime qivalet; i tis ase meaig te eqivalet mer rs rke 3.25 ll time emplees i a reglar
eek.
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chP PoLcS, uLS nd uLonS
callege: While project design teams are responsible
or code compliance, they were not adequately pro-
actively educating themselves on the requirements o
the code.
Slti: dPd spplies a variet resres, ilig
cliet ssistae ems (cs), ats i mltiple
lagages, a a teial tlie t lari e
reqiremets i rer t avi amigit a alleviate
prlems rig te pla revie stage. dPd elieves
tat pttig i te rk prt saves time a
eerg later.
Moo vLo
e dPd ts rgl 130,000 ispetis
per ear, a mst ispetis ver ilig areas
aresse mltiple it ilig es, ilig
te eerg e.15
sLs
e reslt Seattles e implemetati press
is tat te it as istille i its ilig istr
mmit a ltre aeptae te eerg e
reqiremets a eremet. ulike ter ities,
ere te istr ma get aa it t mplig
it aspets te e, i Seattle te strti
istr ks tat te mst mpl it te eerg
e. frm te egiig stages til te e, dPd
sta rks it te ilers a tratrs t assre
tat teir iligs mpl it te Sc.
rig t te arket Prgress valati eprt
r te nrtest erg ie lliae, ttal
mpliae it te eerg e exees 75% (n
2008). e it es t release te ertiate
pa til reqiremets are met.
s a reslt te dPd sta rkig lsel it
ilig evelpers t esre tat te meet ea
permit reqiremet, te it aieves lse t 100%
permit lsre rate (Lrimer 2009).
o Fo Mo FoMo
J hga
Seattle departmet Plaig a develpmet
700 fit ve., Site 2000
P.o. bx 34019
Seattle, w 98124-4019
(206) 386-9145
amle Successul mlementatin: Dakta Cunty, Minnesta
Ls
dakta ct esige a apte te dakta
cts desig, cstrti, a Sstaiailit
Staars (te staars) r e t aili-
ties a majr revati prjets.
e staars ile sstaiailit staars a
pst pa evalatis.
elve iligs ave ee ilt s ar, a ve
pli iligs ave ee remele r pgra-
e. t 680,000 sqare eet, tis represets 46%
te ts e spae.
ovvW
dakta ct empasses 593 sqare miles, as
a pplati 400,000 a is late jst st
ie