• Compass • Instrument with north- pointing needle

• astrolabe • Instrument for finding latitude by measuring the angle of stars.

•Prince Henry the Navigator

• Set up first European school for navigators

• Worked with others to design and build other ships

• Sent explorers south along Africa’s west coast.

• Caravel • Fast sailing Portuguese ship

• Designed by Prince Henry the Navigator

• Portuguese Explorers

• Found gold dust, ivory, and slaves

• Became more interested in trade than discovery

• John Cabot • Explored the coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia

• Giovanni da Verrazano • Sailed from North Carolina to New York

Sir Martin Frobisher

• Sailed the coast of Greenland

• Discovered the bay that bears his name in northern Canada

• Henry Hudson • Explored the Hudson River and sailed to Albany, New York

• Bartolomeu Dias • Portuguese captain who first sailed around the tip of Africa

• Named the southern tip of Africa the Cape of Storms

• Cape of Good Hope

• King of Portugal’s name for the Cape of Storms

• Vasco da Gama • Orders for the King to “proclaim the Christian Faith” and “wrest kingdoms and new states from the hands of the Barbarians

• Led first Portuguese convoy to India

• bullion • Gold and silver for making coins

• scurvy • A disease caused by lack of Vitamin C

• convoy • Large group of ships

• Christopher Columbus • Sailed west for waterway to India

• Explored the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola

• Later explored the coasts of Venezuela and Central America

• Died convinced he found a new way to India

• Mutiny • Overthrow of officers• Sailors threatened

Christopher Columbus with mutiny

• Pope Alexander VI • Pope who drew up demarcation for Spain & Portugal

• Papal line of demarcation

• Imagine line from North to South pole

• Non-Christian land east of the line went to Portugal and land west of the line went to Spain

• Treaty of Tordesillas • Treat that gave land west of the line of demarcation to Spain and land east of the line to Portugal

• Portugal is able to claim Brazil

• conquistadores • Spanish explorers• Set out to find gold

Columbus talked about

• Ponce de Leon • Explored Florida

• Balboa • Crossed the isthmus of Panama

• First European to see the great South Sea

• Hernando Cortes • Explored Mexico• Spread smallpox• Destroyed Aztec

empire• Took large

amounts of gold

• Francisco Pizarro • Explored Peru• Conquered Incas• Built Lima, Peru• “The City of Kings”• Took gold and

silver from native Americans

• Hernando de Soto • Explored west of Florida and Mississippi River

• Francisco Coronado • Explored the region of the Grand Canyon

• Magellan • Looked for western route to the East Indies

• Strait of Magellan named after him

• He renamed the great South Sea the Pacific ocean

• Circumnavigated the world

• pacifico • Spanish word for peaceful

• circumnavigating • Sailing around the world

• Sea dog • Ship’s captain

• conquistadores • Spanish conquerors

• John Cabot • Explored Newfoundland and Nova Scotia

• Looking for a North west passage to India

• Claims land for England

• Giovanni da Verrazano • Sailed along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to New York

• Italian navigator who sailed for France

• Jacques Cartier • Sailed up the St. Lawrence River

• Gave French a claim for Eastern Canada

• Sir Martin Frobisher • Discovered the Frobisher Bay in Northern Canada

• Henry Hudson • Founded the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson Strait in Canada

Sailed for the Dutch and gave them their claim to the Americas