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Comparison of Winter Comparison of Winter Steelhead Trap Estimates Steelhead Trap Estimates in Small Basins to Other in Small Basins to Other Escapement Methods and Escapement Methods and the Representativeness of the Representativeness of
ODFW Life-Cycle ODFW Life-Cycle Monitoring SitesMonitoring SitesErik SuringErik Suring
ODFWODFW
Oregon Coast SteelheadOregon Coast Steelhead
ODFW Salmonid Life-Cycle Monitoring ODFW Salmonid Life-Cycle Monitoring ProjectProject
Small basin steelhead returns do not Small basin steelhead returns do not correlate to each other or large scale correlate to each other or large scale returns as with cohoreturns as with coho
Determining age structure at multiple Determining age structure at multiple life stages allow for survival estimates life stages allow for survival estimates and local freshwater conditionsand local freshwater conditions
Life-Cycle Monitoring Life-Cycle Monitoring ProjectProject Ten years of adult and smolt dataTen years of adult and smolt data
ODFW Habitat SurveysODFW Habitat Surveys Compare distribution of habitat conditionsCompare distribution of habitat conditions
Life-Cycle Life-Cycle Monitoring Monitoring
ProjectProject Seven sites in the OC Seven sites in the OC
DPSDPS Non-random selectionNon-random selection Representative of DPS Representative of DPS
based on habitat metricsbased on habitat metrics
Coho returns highly Coho returns highly correlated with ESU correlated with ESU returnsreturns
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
UpperNehalem
LowerNehalem
Mill Cr (Siletz)
Cascade
WF Smith
Winchester
Mill Cr(Yaquina)
EF Trask
North Umpqua
Coos
Nehalem
Siuslaw
Middle Umpqua
Alsea
Tillamook
Lower Umpqua
Siletz
Nestucca
Yaquina
Tenmile
Salmon
Necanicum
Siltcoos
Beaver
Tahkenitch
Pa
ci
fi
c
O
ce
an
0 8 16 244Miles
.
Life-Cycle DataLife-Cycle Data
Trapping Year Smolts ± CI
90-119 mm
60-89 mm
2000 410 ± 55 245 ± 73 7,940 ± 826 1,863 3722001 338 ± 43 126 ± 42 8,090 ± 714 1,279 2672002 869 ± 537 1,567 ± 1,108 3,437 ± 514 1032003 427 ± 318 220 ± 70 5,380 ± 1,4702004 228 ± 115 439 ± 78 7,762 ± 1,496 6522005 359 ± 126 361 ± 91 4,613 ± 1,293 3952006 422 ± 308 602 ± 397 4,623 ± 1,091 409 182007 209 ± 50 238 ± 51 4,193 ± 941 3262008 221 ± 77 243 ± 74 3,590 ± 771 1,412 3192009 266 ± 102 166 ± 61 6,099 ± 1,174 660
Returning Adults Outmigrating Juveniles
Wild Hatchery
LCM SitesLCM Sites
LCM Basin SizeLCM Basin SizeMonitoring Monitoring
AreaAreaTrapTrap
ss
Spawning Spawning above above Traps (km)Traps (km)
All All SpawniSpawning (km)ng (km)
PercentPercentage age TrappeTrappedd
North CoastNorth Coast 22 119119 1,9001,900 6%6%
Mid CoastMid Coast 33 3333 3,2003,200 1%1%
UmpquaUmpqua 11 5555 2,9002,900 2%2%
Mid-SouthMid-South 11 1919 1,5001,500 1%1%
Oregon Oregon CoastCoast 77 226226 9,5009,500 2%2%
Winter coho parr per kilometer
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Cum
ula
tive
perc
ent
stre
am le
ngth
0
20
40
60
80
100
ORPlan Data (n=366) LCM Data (n=160)
Habitat Habitat RepresentativenessRepresentativeness
Percent Gradient
0 2 4 6 8 10
Cum
ulat
ive
perc
ent
stre
am le
ngth
0
20
40
60
80
100
ORPlan Data (n=366) LCM Data (n=160)
Habitat Habitat RepresentativenessRepresentativeness
Wood volume density (m3/100m)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cum
ulat
ive
perc
ent
stre
am le
ngth
0
20
40
60
80
100
ORPlan Data (n=366) LCM Data (n=160)
Habitat Habitat RepresentativenessRepresentativeness
ESU (Six Traps)
LCM Coho Adults
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Sp
aw
nin
g S
urv
ey
Co
ho
Ad
ults
0.0
5.0e+4
1.0e+5
1.5e+5
2.0e+5
2.5e+5
3.0e+5
R2=0.96
p>0.001
LCM RepresentativenessLCM Representativeness
LCM Steelhead Adults
500 600 700 800 900 1000
Sp
aw
nin
g S
urv
ey
Ste
elh
ea
d R
ed
d C
ou
nts
4e+4
5e+4
6e+4
7e+4
8e+4
9e+4
1e+5
DPS (Five Traps)
R2=0.22
p = 0.29
LCM RepresentativenessLCM Representativeness
WF Smith Coho Adults
Mill
Sile
tz C
oho
Adu
lts
R2=0.87p<0.001
WF Smith Coho Adults
Mill
Sile
tz C
oh
o A
du
lts
R2=0.87p<0.001
NF Nehalem Coho Adults
WF
Sm
ith C
oho
Adu
lts
R2=0.59p=0.006
NF Nehalem Coho Adults
Mill
Yaq
uina
Coh
o A
dults
R2=0.87p<0.001
CohoP Value
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.013 <0.001 0.006Siletz 0.007 <0.001Yaquina 0.004
R2
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.51 0.87 0.59Siletz 0.58 0.87Yaquina 0.63
Coho Trap to TrapCoho Trap to Trap
WF Smith Steelhead Adults
Mill
Sile
tz S
teel
head
Ad
ults
R2=0.14p = 0.26
NF Nehalem Steelhead Adults
Mill
Yaq
uina
Ste
elhe
ad A
dults
R2=0.09p = 0.37
NF Nehalem Steelhead Adults
WF
Sm
ith S
teel
head
Adu
lts
R2=0.37p = 0.05
WF Smith Steelhead Adults
Mill
Sile
tz S
teel
head
Adu
lts
R2=0.14p = 0.26
Steelhead Trap to TrapSteelhead Trap to TrapSteelheadP Value
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.752 0.367 0.045Siletz 0.039 0.262Yaquina 0.058
R2
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.01 0.09 0.37Siletz 0.36 0.14Yaquina 0.34
Trap to Trap CorrelationsTrap to Trap Correlations
CohoP Value
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.013 <0.001 0.006Siletz 0.007 <0.001Yaquina 0.004
R2
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.51 0.87 0.59Siletz 0.58 0.87Yaquina 0.63
SteelheadP Value
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.752 0.367 0.045Siletz 0.039 0.262Yaquina 0.058
R2
Siletz Yaquina SmithNehalem 0.01 0.09 0.37Siletz 0.36 0.14Yaquina 0.34
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
Mill Cr (Siletz)
Cascade
Winchester
Mill Cr(Yaquina)
WF Smith
Smith River Falls
North Umpqua
Coos
Siuslaw
Middle Umpqua
Alsea
Siletz
Yaquina
Tenmile
Beaver
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
")
Mill Cr (Siletz)
Cascade
Winchester
Mill Cr(Yaquina)
WF Smith
North Umpqua
Coos
Siuslaw
Middle Umpqua
Alsea
Siletz
Yaquina
Tenmile
Beaver
")
")
")
")
Smith River Falls Adult Steelhead
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
WF
Sm
ith A
dult
Ste
elh
ead
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
R2=0.80p = 0.04
Nested BasinsNested Basins
Coho: R2 = 0.92, p < 0.001
LCM versus the DPSLCM versus the DPS
Relationships between LCM and large Relationships between LCM and large scale abundance are not as strong for scale abundance are not as strong for steelhead as for cohosteelhead as for coho Steelhead numbers have not varied as Steelhead numbers have not varied as
much as coho over the course of monitoringmuch as coho over the course of monitoring
Weak trap to trap correlations indicate Weak trap to trap correlations indicate local freshwater conditions play a larger local freshwater conditions play a larger role in steelhead recruitmentrole in steelhead recruitment
Steelhead Survival Steelhead Survival EstimatesEstimates
Monitoring multiple life stagesMonitoring multiple life stages Use scales to track brood year for Use scales to track brood year for
smolts and adultssmolts and adults Estimate marine and freshwater Estimate marine and freshwater
survival ratessurvival rates Currently in our first or second year Currently in our first or second year
of adult scale collectionof adult scale collection Also measure size and timing of smolts Also measure size and timing of smolts
and adultsand adults
Freshwater SurvivalFreshwater Survival
Single year of smolt scale data applied to Single year of smolt scale data applied to all years:all years:
Ward and Slaney (1993) Average 0.84%Ward and Slaney (1993) Average 0.84%
Brood Year Wild Female Parents Egg Deposition Smolts (Scales) FW Survival (Scales)1999 268 1,072,000 7,712 0.72%2000 208 832,000 4,405 0.53%2001 158 632,000 5,217 0.83%2002 425 1,700,000 7,103 0.42%2003 217 868,000 5,169 0.60%2004 136 544,000 4,589 0.84%2005 191 764,000 4,223 0.55%2006 207 828,000 3,886 0.47%
Marine SurvivalMarine Survival
Smolt and Adult scales at WF SmithSmolt and Adult scales at WF Smith
Ward and Slaney (1988) Range 7-26%Ward and Slaney (1988) Range 7-26%
Freshwater Age Freshwater Age StructureStructure
Survival EstimatesSurvival Estimates
Identify factors that affect smolt and Identify factors that affect smolt and adult abundanceadult abundance Look at local variation in survivalLook at local variation in survival Reveal trap to trap relationshipsReveal trap to trap relationships
Other data we should collect?Other data we should collect?
ConclusionConclusion
Adult returns to LCM basins do not Adult returns to LCM basins do not correlate to larger areas or each correlate to larger areas or each otherother Local freshwater conditions obscure a Local freshwater conditions obscure a
common ocean signalcommon ocean signal Describing smolt and adult age Describing smolt and adult age
structure will allow for survival structure will allow for survival estimates and reveal differences estimates and reveal differences between LCM sitesbetween LCM sites