Comparison of Different Power Plants

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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT

POWER PLANTS


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Rashid Sardar 08-EE-31

Bilal Ahmed 08-EE-67

Zain-Ul-Abdin 08-EE-61

Group Members


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Contents


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Hydro Power Plant


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Objectives Convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a

stream with a certain fall to the turbine, into electric energyat the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse islocated.

Purposes Generate electric power Control the floods in the rivers

Store irrigation water Store drinking water

Hydro Power Plant


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SiteSelection Best place for the Hydro Power Plant should be having

Water availability should be very high

Convenient place for dam and reservoir erection Cheep and rocky Large catchment area of reservoir Adequate transportation facilities

Small Distance from the load centre

Stream diversion route during the time of installation

Hydro Power Plant


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No fuel requirement Very neat and clean plant Operation and maintenance costs very small

Load can be varied quickly and rapidly The life of plant is long The efficiency of plant doesnt decrease much with age

Merits of Hydro Power Station


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Highly skilled technical personals are not required for

operation No standby losses in the plant The plant can be run up and synchronized very quickly

The plant can also help in irrigation and flood control Hydro power plants can achieve up to 70% efficiency.


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HYDRO POWER PLANT

The objective of a hydropower

scheme is to convert the potential energy ofa mass of water, flowing in a stream with acertain fall to the turbine, into electric energyat the lower end of the scheme, where thepowerhouse is located.


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Construction cost Very high

Installation time Very long

Output of plant Not constant because it totally depends on monsoon

Long transmission lines

Because plant is usually at the remote end

Demerits of Hydro Power Station


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Space It needs a large area

Flood Danger Sometimes during the time of flood, excess water is to be

drained out and that creates problem for the nearby

inhabitants


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Thermal Power Plants


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Electricity is generated through Firing of coal, gas etc

Steam is produced in a boiler

Steam drives a turbine connected to an alternator

Heat energy is converted to electric energy

Steam is also produced as by product Used in industry e.g. paper mills, textile mills, sugar

mills, refineries


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Site Selection for Thermal Plants

Availability of Coal (Fuel) Proper arrangement for ash disposal

Nature of the land Location from load centre Availability of water Transport facilities Availability of labor


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Merits of Thermal Power Plant

Space occupies Less space is required

Cost

The initial cost is less compared to hydro power plant Location

Plant can be located near the load centre

Response to load change It is able to respond quick load changing without difficulty Overload capacity

Turbine can work at 25% overload continuously


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Demerits of Thermal Power Plant

Handling of coal and disposal of ash are difficult tasks

Pollution of atmosphere is one of the major problems

Less durable as compared to hydro power plants.

Maintenance and operating costs are high

Water is required in huge quantity

Efficiency falls quickly below 75%


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Nuclear Power Plant


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Fuel Uranium is used as fuel

The uranium atom is split into two Energy is released in the form of radiation and heat. This heat is then utilized to produce electricity.

Nuclear Power Plant


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Seismic and geologic sitting criteria should be met forsetting a nuclear plant

Meteorological conditions at the site and in the surroundingarea should be considered

Geological and hydrological characteristics of the proposedsite should be checked

Site Selection for Nuclear Power Plant


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No harmful gas emissions No need of fossil fuels so no harmful carbon emission

Reliability

Nuclear power plants operate very efficiently and reliably. Portability

Nuclear reactors can be manufactured small enough to powerships and submarines.

Economical Nuclear power is an economic alternative to fossil fuel power

stations

Merits of Nuclear Plants


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Installation CostVery high initial cost

Availability of fuel is another major issue

Radioactive waste Nuclear radioactive waste that has lifespan of more than 5000

years

Storing and monitoring the radioactive waste material forthousands of years has a high cost

Environmental effect Nuclear powered ships and submarines pose a danger to marine

life and the environment.

Old vessels can leak radiation if they are not maintained properly.

Demerits of Nuclear Plants


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Wind Power Plant

In a wind power plant

there are Windmills whichcaptures wind energy and thenuses a generator to convert itto electrical energy.


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Environmental Friendly No fossil fuels are burnt

Less Space Occupied Occupy a few square meters for the base

This allows the land around the turbine to be used for manypurposes, for example agriculture.

Merits of Wind Power Plant


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Unreliability Factor In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind

turbine or wind farm,

The use of solar power or geothermal power could be great

alternatives.

Produce allot less electricity than the average fossilfuelled power station,

Requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make animpact.

Demerits of Wind Power Plant


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Cost Construction can be very expensive and costly to surrounding

wildlife during the build process.

Noise pollution From commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small

jet engine.

For people living within a few hundred meters of a turbine, This is

a major disadvantage.

Demerits of Wind Power Plant


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Solar Power Plant

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into

electricity, either

Directly using photovoltaics (PV),

Indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).


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Concentrated solar power Use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large

area of sunlight into a small beam.

Photovoltaic Photovoltaic convert light into electric current using the

photoelectric effect.


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Merits of Solar Power

Environmental advantage It is a environment friendly way to produce electricity.

Durability Long life

Operating Cost Electricity production is relatively less expensive No fuel is required


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Demerits of Solar Power

Storage of power Energy storage is an important issue

Cost Initial cost is very high Maintenance cost is high

Suitable location Need a proper place to operate

Reasonable production requires very large panels Low availability

Continuous availability is not possible


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Geothermal Power

Geothermal energy

Energy is contained in the heated rock and fluid that fills the

fractures and pores within the earth's crust. It originates from radioactive decay deep within the Earth

and can exist as hot water, steam, or hot dry rocks. These hot water, steam, or hot dry rocks can be used to

generate electrical energy


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Merits of Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is a well-proven energy resourcethat can be used to provide both heat and electricityvia well-proven and mature technology.

Efficiency Using geothermal energy directly for heating applications

can be up to 70 percent efficient


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Demerits of Geothermal energy

Environmental effects Air pollution from radon gas, hydrogen sulfide, methane,

ammonia, and carbon dioxide emissions. They may cause land subsidence and increased seismic

activity


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Comparison of Different Power Plants