Comparison of Different Mobile Sets Companies Services

7/31/2019 Comparison of Different Mobile Sets Companies Services

1/64

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2/64

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co zhwy mdr zwokfby wfzowy mhr gffc rvgedyyfi now hct oymfw iflwff#

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gffc nv``t hbaco|`filfi#

Vcd~# Wfli# Co# 868:


3/64

HBACO\@FILFEFCY

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g`frrdcl, ymf vcifwyhafc zwokfby |hr coy zorrdg`f now ef#

Et rzfbdh` ymhcar yo mocowhg`f Zwdcbdzh` on ymdr dcrydyvyf Eomi#

Rh`ffe now zwo~didcl h`` ymf cfbfrrhwt nhbd`dydfr#

\dym mdlm wfnfwfcbf, D f}zwfrr et vyeory on Ewr# Zookh Edyyh` now

zwo~didcl mfw f}bf``fcy lvdihcbf hy h`` ryhlfr on if~fòzefcy on et ryvit#

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lvdihcbf, ~h`vhg`f dczvyr hci fcbovwhldcl hyydyvif#

Mfhwyfi ymhcar yo h`` et rfcdowr now ymfdw mf`z ivwdcl ymf bovwrf on et

ryvit#

WFFYDCIFW RDCLM GWHW


4/64

BOCYFCYR

8DCYWOIVBYDOC

7WFRFHWBM EFYMOIO@OLT

2HCH@TRDR HCI DCYFWZWFYHYDOC

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5/64

DCYWOIVBYDOC

H eogd`f zmocf -h`ro aco|c hr h mhcizmocf, |dwf`frr zmocf, bf`` zmocf, bf``v`hw

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~odbf ow ihyh boeevcdbhydoc o~fw h cfy|owa on rzfbdh`d{fi ghrf ryhydocr aco|c hr bf`` rdyfr# Dc

hiidydoc yo ymf ryhcihwi ~odbf nvcbydoc on h eogd`f zmocf, yf`fzmocf, bvwwfcy eogd`f zmocfr eht

rvzzowy ehct hiidydoch` rfw~dbfr, hci hbbfrrowdfr, rvbm hr RER now yf}y efrrhldcl, fehd`,

zhbafy r|dybmdcl now hbbfrr yo ymf Dcyfwcfy, lhedcl, G`vfyooym, dcnwhwfi, bhefwh |dym ~difo

wfbowifw hci EER now rfcidcl hci wfbfd~dcl zmoyor hci ~difo, EZ2 z`htfw, whido hci LZR#

Eory bvwwfcy eogd`f zmocfr boccfby yo h bf``v`hw cfy|owa on ghrf ryhydocr -bf`` rdyfr$, |mdbm dr dc

yvwc dcyfwboccfbyfi yo ymf zvg`db r|dybmfi yf`fzmocf cfy|owa -ZRYC$ -ymf f}bfzydoc dr rhyf``dyf

zmocfr$#

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rfzhwhyf aft now fhbm `fyyfw# Roef eogd`f zmocfr mh~f h yovbmrbwffc#

MDRYOWT

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\owì \hw |dym ed`dyhwt vrf on whido yf`fzmoct `dcar hci bd~d` rfw~dbfr dc ymf 846:r, |md`f mhci%mfì bf``v`hw whido if~dbfr mh~f gffc h~hd`hg`f rdcbf 84


6/64

zmocfr, rvbm hr Eogd`f Yf`fzmocf Rfw~dbf, |fwf coy bf``v`hw, hci ro idi coy nfhyvwf 'mhcio~fw'

nwoe ocf ghrf ryhydoc yo ymf cf}y hci wfvrf on whido nwfxvfcbt bmhccf`r# @daf oymfw yfbmcoòldfr

on ymf ydef, dy dc~o`~fi h rdcl`f, zo|fwnv` ghrf ryhydoc bo~fwdcl h |dif hwfh, hci fhbm yf`fzmocf

|ovì fnnfbyd~f`t eocozo`d{f h bmhccf` o~fw ymhy |mo`f hwfh |md`f dc vrf# Ymf bocbfzyr on

nwfxvfcbt wfvrf hci mhcionn hr |f`` hr h cvegfw on oymfw bocbfzyr ymhy nowefi ymf ghrdr on

eoifwc bf`` zmocf yfbmcoòlt hwf ndwry ifrbwdgfi dc V#R# Zhyfcy 9,867,>9< , drrvfi Eht 8, 84# Vrdcl h eoifwc, dn roef|mhy mfh~t zowyhg`f

mhcirfy, Boozfw ehif ymf ndwry bh`` oc h mhcimfì eogd`f zmocf oc Hzwd` 2, 84


7/64

Bf``v`hw rtryfer wfxvdwfi rf~fwh` `fhzr on yfbmcoòlt, dcb`vidcl mhcio~fw, |mdbm h`ò|fi

h boc~fwrhydoc yo bocydcvf hr h eogd`f zmocf ywh~f`fi nwoe bf`` yo bf``# Ymdr rtryfe dcb`vifi

~hwdhg`f ywhcredrrdoc zo|fw dc goym ymf ghrf ryhydocr hci ymf yf`fzmocfr -bocywo``fi gt ymf ghrf

ryhydocr$, |mdbm h`ò|fi whclf hci bf` rd{f yo ~hwt# Hr ymf rtryfe f}zhcifi hci cfhwfi

bhzhbdyt, ymf hgd`dyt yo wfivbf ywhcredrrdoc zo|fw h`ò|fi cf| bf``r yo gf hiifi, wfrv`ydcl dc

eowf, reh``fw bf``r hci ymvr eowf bhzhbdyt# Ymf f~difcbf on ymdr lwo|ym bhc ryd` gf rffc dc ymf

ehct oìfw, yh`` bf`` rdyf yo|fwr |dym co hcyfcchf oc ymf vzzfw zhwyr on ymfdw yo|fwr# Ymfrf rdyfr

owdldch``t bwfhyfi `hwlf bf``r, hci ro mhi ymfdw hcyfcchf eovcyfi hyoz mdlm yo|fwr1 ymf yo|fwr

|fwf ifrdlcfi ro ymhy hr ymf rtryfe f}zhcifihci bf`` rd{fr rmwhcaymf hcyfcchf bovì gf

ò|fwfi oc ymfdw owdldch` ehryr yo wfivbf whclf#

Ymf ndwry 'eoifwc' cfy|owa yfbmcoòlt oc idldyh` 7L -rfboci lfcfwhydoc$ bf` v`hw

yfbmcoòlt |hr `hvcbmfi gt Whido`dckh -co| zhwy on F`drh Lwovz$ dc 8448 dc Ndc`hci oc ymf

LRE ryhcihwi |mdbm h`ro ehwafi ymf dcywoivbydoc on boezfydydoc dc eogd`f yf`fboer |mfc

Whido`dckh bmh``fclfi dcbvegfcy Yf`fboe Ndc`hci -co| zhwy on Yf`dhRocfwh$ |mo whc h 8L

CEY cfy|owa#

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yf}y efrrhldcl dc Ndc`hci dc 8442# Ndwry ywdh` zhtefcyr vrdcl h eogd`f zmocf yo zht now h Bobh

Bo`h ~fcidcl ehbmdcf |fwf rfy dc Ndc`hci dc 844=# Ymf ndwry boeefwbdh` zhtefcyr |fwf eogd`f

zhwadcl ywdh``fi dc R|fifc gvy ndwry boeefwbdh``t `hvcbmfi dc Cow|ht dc 8444# Ymf ndwry

boeefwbdh` zhtefcy rtryfe yo ededba ghcar hci bwfidy bhwir |hr `hvcbmfi dc ymf Zmd`dzzdcfr dc

8444 rdev`yhcfovr`t gt eogd`f ozfwhyowr Lògf hci Rehwy# Ymf ndwry bocyfcy roì yo eogd`f

zmocfr |hr ymf wdcldcl yocf, ndwry `hvcbmfi dc 844= dc Ndc`hci# Ymf ndwry nv`` dcyfwcfy rfw~dbf oc

eogd`f zmocfr |hr d%Eoif dcywoivbfi gt CYY IoBoEo dc Khzhc dc 8444#

Dc 7::8 ymf ndwry boeefwbdh` `hvcbm on 2L -Ymdwi Lfcfwhydoc$ |hr hlhdc dc Khzhc gt CYY

IoBoEo oc ymf \BIEH ryhcihwi#

Vcyd` ymf fhw`t 844:r, eory eogd`f zmocfr |fwf yoo `hwlf yo gf bhwwdfi dc h khbafy zobafy,

ro ymft |fwf ytzdbh``t dcryh``fi dc ~fmdb`fr hr bhw zmocfr# \dym ymf edcdhyvwd{hydoc on idldyh`

boezocfcyr hci ymf if~fòzefcy on eowf rozmdrydbhyfi ghyyfwdfr, eogd`f zmocfr mh~f gfboef

reh``fw hci `dlmyfw#


8/64

MHCIRFYR

H Coadh eogd`f rfyr

Coadh dr bvwwfcy`t ymf |owìr `hwlfry ehcvnhbyvwfw on eogd`f zmocfr, |dym h lògh`

if~dbf ehwafy rmhwf on hzzwo}dehyf`t 9:& dc 7::=# Oymfw ehkow eogd`f zmocf ehcvnhbyvwfwr -dc

owifw on ehwafy rmhwf$ dcb`vif Rhervcl -89&$, Eoyowo`h -89&$, Roct Fwdbrroc -4&$ hci @L

- |mdbm dcbowzowhyfi ZIH nvcbydoch`dyt yo ymf ghrdb eogd`f zmocf hy ymf

ydef# Hr edcdhyvwdrhydoc hci dcbwfhrfi zwobfrrdcl zo|fw on edbwobmdzr mhr fchg`fi f~fw eowf

nfhyvwfr yo gf hiifi yo zmocfr, ymf bocbfzy on ymf rehwyzmocf mhr f~o`~fi, hci |mhy |hr h mdlm%

fci rehwyzmocf nd~f tfhwr hlo, dr h ryhcihwi zmocf yoiht# Rf~fwh` zmocf rfwdfr mh~f gffc

dcywoivbfi yo hiiwfrr h ld~fc ehwafy rflefcy, rvbm hr ymf WDE G`hbaGfwwt nobvrdcl oc

fcyfwzwdrf/bowzowhyf bvryoefw fehd` cffir1 ymf RoctFwdbrroc \hàehc rfwdfr on evrdbzmocfr

hci Btgfwrmoy rfwdfr on bhefwhzmocfr1 ymf Coadh C%Rfwdfr on ev`ydefidh zmocfr1 hci ymf Hzz`f

dZmocf |mdbm zwo~difr nv``%nfhyvwfi |fg hbbfrr hci ev`ydefidh bhzhgd`dydfr#

NFHYVWFR

Eogd`f zmocfr onyfc mh~f nfhyvwfr gftoci rfcidcl yf}y efrrhlfr hci ehadcl ~odbf bh``r,

dcb`vidcl bh`` wfldryfwr, LZR ch~dlhydoc, evrdb -EZ2$ hci ~difo -EZ9$ z`htghba, WIR whido

wfbfd~fw, h`hwer, efeo hci iobvefcy wfbowidcl, zfwroch` owlhcdrfw hci zfwroch` idldyh` hrrdryhcy


9/64

nvcbydocr, hgd`dyt yo |hybm rywfhedcl ~difo ow io|c`ohi ~difo now `hyfw ~df|dcl, ~difo bh``dcl,

gvd`y%dc bhefwhr -2#7! Ez}$ hci bhebowifwr -~difo wfbowidcl$, |dym hvyonobvr hci n`hrm,

wdclyocfr, lhefr, ZYY, efeowt bhwi wfhifw -RI$, VRG -7#:$, dcnwhwfi, G`vfyooym -7#:$ hci \dNd

boccfbyd~dyt, dcryhcy efrrhldcl, Dcyfwcfy f%ehd` hci gwo|rdcl hci rfw~dcl hr h |dwf`frr eoife

now h ZB, hci rooc |d`` h`ro rfw~f hr h bocro`f on rowyr yo oc`dcf lhefr hci oymfw mdlm xvh`dyt

lhefr# Roef zmocfr dcb`vifr yovbmrbwffc#

Ymf yoyh` ~h`vf on eogd`f ihyh rfw~dbfr f}bffir ymf ~h`vf on zhdi rfw~dbfr oc ymf Dcyfwcfy,

hci |hr |owym 28 gd``doc io``hwr dc 7::> -rovwbf Dcnoweh$# Ymf `hwlfry bhyflowdfr on eogd`f

rfw~dbfr hwf evrdb, zdbyvwf io|c`ohir, ~difolhedcl, hiv`y fcyfwyhdcefcy, lheg`dcl, ~difo/Y^#

Coadh hci ymf Vcd~fwrdyt on Bhegwdilf hwf rmo|dcl onn h gfcihg`f bf`` zmocf bh``fi

Eowzm#

HZZ@DBHYDOCR

Ymf eory boeeoc`t vrfi ihyh hzz`dbhydoc oc eogd`f zmocfr dr RER yf}y efrrhldcl, |dym


10/64


11/64

Ymf eogd`f zmocf gfbhef h ehrr efidh bmhccf` dc 844= |mfc ymf ndwry wdcldcl yocfr

|fwf ro`i yo eogd`f zmocfr gt Whido`dckh dc Ndc`hci# Rooc oymfw efidh bocyfcy hzzfhwfi rvbm hr

cf|r, ~difolhefr, koafr, moworbozfr, Y^ bocyfcy hci hi~fwydrdcl# Dc 7::> ymf yoyh` ~h`vf on

eogd`f zmocf zhdi efidh bocyfcy f}bffifi dcyfwcfy zhdi efidh bocyfcy hci |hr |owym 28 Gd``doc

io``hwr -rovwbf Dcnoweh 7::


12/64

f}zfwdefcydcl |dym h`yfwchyd~f zo|fw rovwbfr, dcb`vidcl ro`hw bf``r#


13/64

RDE BHWI

Ytzdbh` eogd`f zmocf RDE bhwi

Dc hiidydoc yo ymf ghyyfwt, LRE eogd`f zmocfr wfxvdwf h reh`` edbwobmdz, bh``fi h

Rvgrbwdgfw Difcydyt Eoiv`f ow RDE Bhwi, yo nvcbydoc# Hzzwo}dehyf`t ymf rd{f on h reh`` zoryhlf

ryhez, ymf RDE Bhwi dr vrvh``t z`hbfi vcifwcfhym ymf ghyyfwt dc ymf wfhw on ymf vcdy, hci -|mfc

zwozfw`t hbyd~hyfi$ ryowfr ymf zmocfr bocndlvwhydoc ihyh, hci dcnowehydoc hgovy ymf zmocf dyrf`n,

rvbm hr |mdbm bh``dcl z`hc ymf rvgrbwdgfw dr vrdcl# \mfc ymf rvgrbwdgfw wfeo~fr ymf RDE Bhwi, dy

bhc gf wf%dcrfwyfi dcyo hcoymfw zmocf hci vrfi hr coweh`#

Fhbm RDE Bhwi dr hbyd~hyfi gt vrf on h vcdxvf cvefwdbh` difcydndfw1 ocbf hbyd~hyfi, ymf

difcydndfw dr òbafi io|c hci ymf bhwi dr zfwehcfcy`t òbafi dc yo ymf hbyd~hydcl cfy|owa# Now

ymdr wfhroc, eory wfyhd`fwr wfnvrf yo hbbfzy ymf wfyvwc on hc hbyd~hyfi RDE Bhwi#

Ymorf bf`` zmocfr ymhy io coy vrf h RDE Bhwi mh~f ymf ihyh zwolwheefi dc yo ymfdw

efeowt# Ymdr ihyh dr hbbfrrfi gt vrdcl h rzfbdh` idldy rfxvfcbf yo hbbfrr ymf 'CHE' hr dc

'Chef' ow cvegfw zwolwheedcl efcv# Nwoe mfwf, ocf bhc hii dcnowehydoc rvbm hr h cf|

cvegfw now tovw zmocf, cf| Rfw~dbf Zwo~difw cvegfwr, cf| fefwlfcbt cvegfwr, bmhclf ymfdw

Hvymfcydbhydoc Aft ow H%Aft boif, hci vzihyf ymfdw Zwfnfwwfi Wohedcl @dry ow ZW@# Mo|f~fw,

yo zwf~fcy roefocf nwoe hbbdifcyh``t idrhg`dcl ymfdw zmocf ow wfeo~dcl dy nwoe ymf cfy|owa, ymf

Rfw~dbf Zwo~difw zvyr h òba oc ymdr ihyh bh``fi h Ehryfw Rvgrdidhwt @oba ow ER@#

Ymf ER@ h`ro fcrvwfr ymhy ymf Rfw~dbf Zwo~difw lfyr zhtefcy now ymf zmocf ymhy |hr

zvwbmhrfi ow '`fhrfi'# Now f}hez`f, ymf Eoyowo`h WH[W ^4B boryr vz|hwir on BHI )6::# Tov

bhc lfy ocf now hzzwo}dehyf`t )7::, ifzfcidcl oc ymf bhwwdfw# Ymf idnnfwfcbf dr zhdi gt ymf

bvryoefw dc ymf nowe on h eocym`t gd``# Dn ymf bhwwdfw idi coy vrf h ER@, ymfc ymft eht òrf ymf

)2::)9:: idnnfwfcbf ymhy dr zhdi dc ymf eocym`t gd``, rdcbf roef bvryoefwr |ovì bhcbf` ymfdw

rfw~dbf hci yhaf ymf zmocf yo hcoymfw bhwwdfw#

Ymf ER@ hzz`dfr yo ymf RDE oc`t ro ocbf ymf bocywhby mhr gffc boez`fyfi ymf ER@ ryd``

hzz`dfr yo ymf RDE# Ymf zmocf mo|f~fw, dr h`ro dcdydh``t òbafi gt ymf ehcvnhbyvwfw dcyo ymf

Rfw~dbf Zwo~difwr ER@# Ymdr òba eht gf idrhg`fi ro ymhy ymf zmocf bhc vrf oymfw Rfw~dbf


14/64

Zwo~difwr RDE bhwir# Eory zmocfr zvwbmhrfi ovyrdif ymf VR hwf vcòbafi zmocfr gfbhvrf ymfwf

hwf cvefwovr Rfw~dbf Zwo~difwr dc bòrf zwo}dedyt yo ocf hcoymfw ow mh~f o~fw`hzzdcl bo~fwhlf#

Ymf bory yo vcòba h zmocf ~hwdfr gvy dr vrvh``t ~fwt bmfhz hci dr roefydefr zwo~difi gt

dcifzfcifcy zmocf ~fciowr#

Mh~dcl hc vcòbafi zmocf dr f}ywfef`t vrfnv` now ywh~f`fwr ivf yo ymf mdlm bory on vrdcl

ymf ER@ Rfw~dbf Zwo~difwr hbbfrr |mfc ovyrdif ymf coweh` bo~fwhlf hwfhr# Dy bhc bory

roefydefr vz yo 8: ydefr hr evbm yo vrf h òbafi zmocf o~fwrfhr hr dc ymf coweh` rfw~dbf hwfh,

f~fc |dym idrbovcyfi whyfr#

Now f}hez`f, dc Khehdbh, hc HY.Y rvgrbwdgfw edlmy zht dc f}bfrr on VR)8#>6 zfw

edcvyf now idrbovcyfi dcyfwchydoch` rfw~dbf |md`f h G%Eogd`f -Khehdbhc$ bvryoefw |ovì zht

VR):#7: zfw edcvyf now ymf rhef dcyfwchydoch` rfw~dbf# Roef Rfw~dbf Zwo~difwr nobvr rh`fr oc

dcyfwchydoch` rh`fr |md f oymfwr nobvr oc wfldoch` rh`fr# Now f}hez`f, ymf rhef G%Eogd f

bvryoefw edlmy zht eowf now òbh` bh``r gvy `frr now dcyfwchydoch` bh``r ymhc h rvgrbwdgfw yo ymf

Khehdbhc chydoch` zmocf B.\ -Bhg`f . \dwf`frr$ boezhct# Ymfrf whyf idnnfwfcbfr hwf ehdc`t

ivf yo bvwwfcbt ~hwdhydocr gfbhvrf RDE zvwbmhrfr hwf ehif dc ymf òbh` bvwwfcbt# Dc ymf VR, ymdr

ytzf on rfw~dbf boezfydydoc iofr coy f}dry gfbhvrf roef on ymf ehkow Rfw~dbf Zwo~difwr io coy

onnfw Zht%Hr%Tov%Lo rfw~dbfr# QCffir Zht%Hr%Tov%Lo wfnfwfcbfr, wveowfi Y%Eogd`f,^fwd{oc

zwo~dif ocf, HY.Y iofr coy hr on 87/7::=U


15/64

YFWEDCO@OLT

WF@HYFI COC%EOGD@F%ZMOCF RTRYFER

BHW ZMOCFH ytzf on yf`fzmocf zfwehcfcy`t eovcyfi dc h ~fmdb`f, ymfrf onyfc mh~f eowf zo|fwnv`

ywhcredyyfwr, hc f}yfwch` hcyfcch hci òvirzfhafw now mhcirnwff vrf# Ymft vrvh``t boccfby yo ymf

rhef cfy|owar hr wflv`hw eogd`f zmocfr#

BOWI@FRR YF@FZMOCF -ZOWYHG@F ZMOCF$

Bowi`frr zmocfr hwf yf`fzmocfr |mdbm vrf ocf ow eowf whido mhcirfyr dc z`hbf on h |dwfi

mhcirfy# Ymf mhcirfyr boccfby |dwf`frr`t yo h ghrf ryhydoc, |mdbm dc yvwc boccfbyr yo h

boc~fcydoch` `hci `dcf now bh``dcl# Vc`daf eogd`f zmocfr, bowi`frr zmocfr vrf zwd~hyf ghrf

ryhydocr -gfòcldcl yo ymf `hci%`dcf rvgrbwdgfw$, hci |mdbm hwf coy rmhwfi#

ZWONFRRDOCH@ EOGD@F WHIDO

Hi~hcbfi zwonfrrdoch` eogd`f whido rtryfer bhc gf ~fwt rded`hw yo eogd`f zmocf

rtryfer# Coyhg`t, ymf DIFC ryhcihwi mhr gffc vrfi hr goym h zwd~hyf ywvcafi whido rtryfe hr

|f`` hr ymf yfbmcoòlt now rf~fwh` `hwlf zvg`db zwo~difwr# Rded`hw hyyfezyr mh~f f~fc gffc ehif

yo vrf YFYWH, ymf Fvwozfhc idldyh` ZEW ryhcihwi, yo dez`fefcy zvg`db eogd`f cfy|owar#

WHIDO ZMOCF

Ymdr dr h yfwe |mdbm bo~fwr whidor |mdbm bovì boccfby dcyo ymf yf`fzmocf cfy|owa#

Ymfrf zmocfr eht coy gf eogd`f1 now f}hez`f, ymft eht wfxvdwf h ehdcr zo|fw rvzz`t, ymft eht

wfxvdwf ymf hrrdryhcbf on h mvehc ozfwhyow yo rfy vz h ZRYC zmocf bh``#

RHYF@@DYF ZMOCF

Ymdr ytzf on zmocf boeevcdbhyfr idwfby`t |dym hc hwydndbdh` rhyf``dyf, |mdbm dc yvwc wf`htr

bh``r yo h ghrf ryhydoc ow hcoymfw rhyf``dyf zmocf# H rdcl`f rhyf``dyf bhc zwo~dif bo~fwhlf yo h

evbm lwfhyfw hwfh ymhc yfwwfrywdh` ghrf ryhydocr# Rdcbf rhyf``dyf zmocfr hwf bory`t, ymfdw vrf dr

ytzdbh``t `dedyfi yo zfoz`f dc wfeoyf hwfhr |mfwf co eogd`f zmocf bo~fwhlf f}dryr, rvbm hr

eovcyhdc b`degfwr, ehwdcfwr dc ymf ozfc rfh, hci cf|r wfzowyfwr hy idrhryfw rdyfr#


16/64

HGOVY @L

@L F`fbywocdbr -AW]; :>>6s7::< hci dr onyfc bh``fi ymf

'Cf| Hzz`f' dc ymf dcivrywt hci oc`dcf boeevcdydfr#

Gd``gohwir hy Ivcihr Rxvhwf dc Yowocyo, Bhchih, nfhyvwdcl hc @L hi~fwydrfefcy#

@L `olo dc Ehiwdi, Rzhdc#


17/64

Dc 7::>, dyr cfy dcboef |hr )77> ed``doc, oc yoyh` wf~fcvfr on )79#< gd``doc#

BOEZHCT MDRYOWT

Ymf boezhct |hr owdldch``t fryhg`drmfi dc 846= hr LoìRyhw, zwoivbdcl whidor, Y^r,

wfnwdlfwhyowr, |hrmdcl ehbmdcfr, hci hdw bocidydocfwr# Ymf @L Lwovz |hr h efwlfw on y|o

Aowfhc boezhcdfr, @vbat hci LoìRyhw, nwoe |mdbm ymf hggwf~dhydoc on@L |hr ifwd~fi# Ymf

bvwwfcy '@dnfr Looi' ròlhc dr h ghbawocte# Gfnowf ymf bowzowhyf chef bmhclf yo @L,

movrfmoì zwoivbyr |fwf roì vcifw ymf gwhci chef on@vbat, |md`f f`fbywocdb zwoivbyr |fwf

roì vcifw ymf gwhci chef onLoìRyhw-Mhclv`;$#

Dc 8449 LoìRyhw lhdcfi rzocrowrmdz nwoe Ymf 2IO Boezhct yo ehaf ymf ndwry 2IO

Dcyfwhbyd~f ev`ydz`htfw# Dc 8446, LoìRyhw |hr wfchefi @L F`fbywocdbr, hci hbxvdwfi [fcdymF`fbywocdbr on ymf Vcdyfi Ryhyfr# @L Ro`hw Fcfwlt dr h rvgrdidhwt nowefi dc 7::< yo h`ò| @L

Bmfe yo rvzz`t zo`trd`dboc yo @L F`fbywocdbr now zwoivbydoc on ro`hw bf``r# Dc 7::=, @L yooa dyr

ndwry id~f dcyo ymf ro`hw%zhcf` ehcvnhbyvwdcl zoo`, hr dy hccovcbfi h zwf`dedchwt ifh` yo nowe h

kodcy ~fcyvwf |dym Bocfwlt# Vcifw ymf ifh`, rfy yo gf boez`fyfi gt tfhwr fci, @L |ovì hbxvdwf

h


18/64

IDLDYH@ EFIDH

Moef Ymfhyfw Rtryfer, IÎ Wfbowifwr, Rvzfw Ev`yd IÎ Wf|wdyfwr, BIW\,

Coyfgooa ZBr, Ifrayoz ZBr, ZIHr, ZIH Zmocfr, EZ2 Z`htfwr, Cf| Ahwhoaf Rtryfer, Bhw

Dcnoyhdcefcy#

F@FBYWOCDBR

@L Yf`fboe

@L Idrz`ht

@L YF@FBOE

DCYWOIVBYDOC YO @L EOGD@F ZMOCF

Now ymorf |mo yfci yo cffi h zmocf ymhy dr ryvwidfw, @L eogd`f zmocfr |d`` ndy tovw ryt`f#

Ymovlm @L eogd`f zmocfr boef dc h ~hwdfyt on ryt`fr hci rd{fr, now ymf oc%ymf%lo vrfw |mo dr

mhwi oc eogd`f zmocfr, ymf ywde `dcf r`difwr ymhy hwf zozv`hw eht coy effy tovw cffir# Oc ymf

oymfw mhci, @L eogd`f zmocfr mh~f ryt`fr yo effy f~fwt cffi# Tov |d`` coy edrr hct on ymf lwfhy

nfhyvwfr dn tov |hcy h zmocf ymhy dr `hwlfw dc rd{f gfbhvrf on ymf |ht h zmocf ymhy dr `hwlfw dc rd{f

gfbhvrf on ymf eht tov vrf tovw zmocf# F~fwtymdcl tov |hcy dr h~hd`hg`f dc fhbm on ymf @L

eogd`f zmocfr#

@L eogd`f zmocfr hwf gvd`y coy oc`t now ymf vrfw |mo cffir roefymdcl `hwlfw hci ryvwidfw

gvy h`ro now ymf vrfw |mo fckot ymf ywde hci r`ffa òoa on ymf r`difw zmocf# Ymf `hwlf ~hwdfyt on

eogd`f zmocfr ymhy @L onnfwr ehafr dy fhrt now f~fwtocf yo ndci roefymdcl ymhy |d`` effy ymfdw

cffir# \md`f roef ehcvnhbyvwfwr if`~f oc`t dc |mhy ymf zvg`db |hcyr hy ymf zwfrfcy ydef, @L

eogd`f zmocfr yfci yo onnfw fcovlm ~hwdfyt now f~fwtocf#

Dn tovwf òoadcl now h efidh z`htfw hci h looi bhefwh zmocf, hc @L eogd`f zmocf |d``

ndy ymf gd``# Dn tov wfhi ymf @L eogd`f zmocf wf~df|r tov |d`` rff ymf wf`dhgd`dyt ymhy dr gvd`y dcyo

ymfrf zmocfr dc rzdyf on ymf ~hwdovr ev`yd%efidh zwoivbyr hci oymfw nfhyvwfr ymhy hwf

ryhcihwi nhwf |dym eogd`f zmocfr dc ymf 78ry bfcyvwt# Ymfwf dr co `hba on ~hwdfyt dc ymf @L

eogd`f zmocfr % rf~fwh` zhlfr on eoif`r hwf h~hd`hg`f oc`dcf# Dc nhby, ymdr ehcvnhbyvwfw mhr ro

ehct idnnfwfcy eoif`r ymhy dy bhc gf idnndbv`y now h zfwroc yo ehaf h bmodbf#


19/64

@L eogd`f zmocfr mh~f h òcl mdryowt on xvh`dyt hci ivwhgd`dyt vc`daf roef ymf cf|fw

eogd`f zmocfr ymhy fcyfw yoihtr ehwafy# Ocf bhc wfhi @L eogd`f zmocf wf~df|r |dymovy

fcivwdcl h òcl `dry on zfoz`f boez`hdcdcl hgovy zwog`fer |dym ymf zmocf ymft mh~f# Ymhy

iofrcy efhc ymfwf hwf coy zwog`fer gfbhvrf co eogd`f zmocf dr nwff nwoe ifnfbyr, gvy dy

hzzfhwr ymhy @L eogd`f zmocfr hwf `frr rvrbfzydg`f yo gwfhaio|cr ymhc ymorf on boezfydyowr#

Dn tov hwf òoadcl now h eogd`f zmocf ymhy dr wf`dhg`f, ivwhg`f hci |dym ymf rhef nfhyvwfr

hr oymfw zmocfr oc ymf ehwafy yoiht, hc @L eogd`f zmocf |d`` bfwyhdc effy tovw wfxvdwfefcyr#

Tov mh~f tovw bmodbf dc h ywde `dcf r`difw zmocf, n`dz zmocf, ow h ghrdb zmocf oc |mdbm yo

bocivby tovw zfwroch` ow gvrdcfrr boeevcdbhydocr# Ymf nfhyvwfr oc fhbm zmocf eht gf `dedyfi

gt tovw dcid~divh` bhwwdfw, gvy tov |d`` ifndcdyf`t ndci ymf zmocf tov |hcy |dym bhefwh, efidh

z`htfw hci yf}y efrrhldcl bhzhgd`dydfr#

Bmoorf bhwfnv``t |mfc tov rf`fby tovw @L eogd`f zmocf ro ymhy tov bmoorf ymf f}hby

zmocf tov cffi# \dym roef ehct eoif`r nwoe |mdbm yo bmoorf, dy bhc gf fhrt yo wvrm dcyo

ehadcl h rf`fbydoc |dymovy òoadcl hy f~fwtymdcl ymhy dr h~hd`hg`f# Dn ymdr dr tovw ndwry f}zfwdfcbf

|dym @L eogd`f zmocfr, ehaf ymf bmodbf yo wfhi @L eogd`f zmocf wf~df|r oc hct eoif` tov

hwf bocrdifwdcl#

COADH EOGD@F ZMOCFR

Coadh

Coadh Bowzowhydoc

YtzfZvg`db Otk-OE]; COA8^, CTRF; COA, N\G; COH2$

NovcifiYhezfwf, Ndc`hci -8=>6$

dcbowzowhyfi dc Coadh -8=


20/64

Hwfh rfw~fi \owì|dif

Aft zfoz`f

Ahwd Ahdwheo, BFO dc ymf 84=:r

O``d%Zfaah Ah``hr~vo, Zwfrdifcy . BFO

Koweh O``d`h, Bmhdwehc

Dcivrywt

Yf`fboeevcdbhydocr

Dcyfwcfy

Boezvyfw rony|hwf

Zwoivbyr

Eogd`f zmocfr

Rehwyzmocfr

Ev`ydefidh boezvyfwr

Cfy|owar

-Rff zwoivbyr `drydcl$

Rfw~dbfrRfw~dbfr hci Rony|hwf

Oc`dcf rfw~dbfr

Wf~fcvf 6:#> gc -7::=$

Fezòtffr 87=,996 hr on Ifbfegfw 28, 7::=

Rvgrdidhwdfr

Coadh Rdfefcr Cfy|owar

^fwyvCh~yfx

Xy Rony|hwf

\fgrdyf Coadh#boe

Coadh Bowzowhydoc -zwocovcbfi Q c adU dc Ndccdrm$ -OE]; COA8 , CTRF; COA,

N\G; COH2$ dr h Ndccdrm ev ydchydoch` boeevcdbhydocr bowzowhydoc, mfhixvhwyfwfi dc

Afd`hcdfed, Frzoo, h bdyt cfdlmgovwdcl Ndc`hcir bhzdyh` Mf`rdcad# Coadh dr nobvrfi oc |dwf`frr

hci |dwfi yf`fboeevcdbhydocr, |dym 87=,996 fezòtffr dc 87: bovcywdfr, rh`fr dc eowf ymhc 86:

bovcywdfr hci lògh` hccvh` wf~fcvf on 6:#< gd``doc fvwor hci ozfwhydcl zwondy on 6#: gd``doc hr on

7::=# Dy dr ymf |owìr `hwlfry ehcvnhbyvwfw on eogd`f yf`fzmocfr; dyr lògh` if~dbf ehwafy rmhwf

|hr hgovy 2


21/64

yf`fboeevcdbhydocr cfy|owa fxvdzefcyr, ro`vydocr hci rfw~dbfr#

Coadh mhr rdyfr now wfrfhwbm hci if~fòzefcy, ehcvnhbyvwf hci rh`fr dc ehct bocydcfcyr

ymwovlmovy ymf |owì# Hr on Ehwbm 7::=, Coadh mhi W.I bfcyfwr dc 8: bovcywdfr hci fezòtfi

2:,986 zfoz`f dc wfrfhwbm hci if~fòzefcy, wfzwfrfcydcl hzzwo}dehyf`t 7, dr Coadhr dcivrywdh` wfrfhwbm vcdy on

hgovy =:: wfrfhwbmfwr, fcldcffwr hci rbdfcydryr#Q9U Dy mhr rdyfr dc rf~fc bovcywdfr; Ndc`hci,

Ifcehwa, Lfwehct, Bmdch, Khzhc, Vcdyfi Adclioe hci Vcdyfi Ryhyfr# Gfrdifr dyr CWBr, dc

7::8 Coadh novcifi -hci o|cr$ DCiY Coadh Dcrydyvyf on Yfbmcoòlt, h W.I dcrydyvyf òbhyfi

dc Gwh{d`# Coadhr zwoivbydoc nhbd`dydfr hwf òbhyfi hy Frzoo, Ov`v hci Rhò, Ndc`hci1 Ehchvr,

Gwh{d`1 Gfdkdcl, Iocllvhc hci Rv{mov, Bmdch1 N`ffy, Fcl`hci1 Aoewoe, Mvclhwt1 Bmfcchd,

Dcidh1 Wftcorh, Ef}dbo1 Kvbv, Woehcdh hci Ehrhc, Rovym Aowfh# Coadhr Ifrdlc Ifzhwyefcy

wfehdcr dc Rhò, Ndc`hci#

Coadh z`htr h ~fwt `hwlf wo`f dc ymf fbocoet on Ndc`hci; dy dr gt nhw ymf `hwlfry Ndccdrm

boezhct, hbbovcydcl now hgovy h ymdwi on ymf ehwafy bhzdyh`d{hydoc on ymf Mf`rdcad Ryoba

F}bmhclf -OE] Mf`rdcad$ hr on 7::


22/64

Coadh bf`` zmocfr hwf ymf `fhifwr dc ymf whbf# \dym o~fw h io{fc ~hwdfydfr hci eoif`r `dcdcl vz

f~fwt iht ymf bvryoefw dr `fny dc bocnvrdoc hr yo |mhy yo gvt# \dym ymf ehwafy lfhwdcl vz |dym

cf| boezhcdfr dc ymf nowht Coadh ehcvnhbyvwfr mh~f hbbfzyfi ymf bmh``fclf# Ymft hwf boedcl

vz |dym `hyfry yfbmcoòldfr gfdcl zvy yo yfry# Ymf boezhct gf`df~fr dc bvryoefw rhydrnhbydoc hci

ymhy dr ymf rvbbfrr on ymfdw gfdcl ymf `fhifwr dc bf`` zmocfr#

Mdryowt

Nwfiwda Difryhe, novcifw on Coadh#

Ymf Coadh Movrf, Coadhr mfhi onndbf òbhyfi gt ymf Lv`n on Ndc`hci dc Afd`hcdfed, Frzoo, |hr

bocrywvbyfi gfy|ffc 8446 hci 844:r# Rdcbf 84>9 Coadh mhi if~fòzfi ^MN%whido rdev`yhcfovr`t |dym

Rhòwh Ot, |mdbm `hyfw dc 84


23/64

-|mdbm onnfwfi h gfyyfw rdlch`, tfy h rmowyfw wohe$# \md`f ymf Eogdwh Rfchyow on 84=7 mhi

|fdlmfi 4#= al -77 `g$ hci ymf Yhàehc kvry vcifw 6 al -88 `g$, ymf Eogdwh Bdytehc |fdlmfi

oc`t =:: l -7= o{$ |dym ymf ghyyfwt hci mhi h zwdbf yhl on 79,::: Ndccdrm ehwar -hzzwo}dehyf`t

9,6>:$# Ifrzdyf ymf mdlm zwdbf, ymf ndwry zmocfr |fwf hèory rchybmfi nwoe ymf rh`fr hrrdryhcyr

mhcir# Dcdydh``t, ymf eogd`f zmocf |hr h 'tvzzdf' zwoivby hci h ryhyvr rtego`#

Dc 84==, Koweh Cdfedcfc, wfrdlcdcl nwoe ymf zory on BFO on ymf eogd`f zmocf vcdy,

hòcl |dym y|o oymfw fezòtffr nwoe ymf vcdy, ryhwyfi h coyhg`f eogd`f zmocf boezhct on ymfdw

o|c, Gfcfnoc Ot# Ocf tfhw `hyfw, Coadh Eogdwh Ot gfbhef Coadh Eogd`f Zmocfr hci dc 8448

ymf ndwry LRE zmocf |hr `hvcbmfi#

DCÔ@^FEFCY DC LRE

Cowidb Eogd`f Yf`fzmoct |hr ymf |owìr ndwry eogd`f yf`fzmoct ryhcihwi ymhy fchg`fi

dcyfwchydoch` wohedcl, hci zwo~difi ~h`vhg`f f}zfwdfcbf now Coadh now dyr bòrf zhwydbdzhydoc dc

if~fòzdcl LRE -Lògh` Rtryfe now Eogd`f Boeevcdbhydocr$# Dy dr h idldyh` ryhcihwi |mdbm

bhef yo ioedchyf ymf |owì on eogd`f yf`fzmoct dc ymf 844:r, dc edi%7::> hbbovcydcl now hgovy

y|o gd``doc eogd`f yf`fzmocf rvgrbwdgfwr dc ymf |owì, ow hgovy =: zfwbfcy on ymf yoyh`, dc eowf

ymhc 7:: bovcywdfr# Ymf |owìr ndwry boeefwbdh` LRE bh`` |hr ehif dc 8448 dc Mf`rdcad o~fw h

Coadh%rvzz`dfi cfy|owa, gt ymfc Zwdef Edcdryfw on Ndc`hci Mhwwd Moàfwd, vrdcl h Coadh zmocf#

CFY\OWADCL FXVDZEFCY

Dc ymf 84


24/64

Dc ymf 84:r$ hy ymf fci on Ehwbm 7:::, ymvr fcidcl `hwlf%rbh`f ZB ehcvnhbyvwdcl dc ymf

bovcywt# Coadh |hr h`ro aco|c now zwoivbdcl ~fwt mdlm xvh`dyt BWY idrz`htr now ZB hci `hwlfw

rtryfer hzz`dbhydoc# Ymf BWY id~drdoc |hr roì yo ^df|rocdb dc 7:::#

BMH@@FCLFR ON LWO\YM

Dc ymf 84=:r, ivwdcl ymf fwh on dyr BFO Ahwd Ahdwheo, Coadh f}zhcifi dcyo cf| ndfìr,

eory`t gt hbxvdrdydocr# Dc ymf `hyf 84=:r hci fhw`t 844:r, ymf bowzowhydoc whc dcyo rfwdovr

ndchcbdh` zwog`fer, h ehkow wfhroc gfdcl dyr mfh~t òrrfr gt ymf yf`f~drdoc ehcvnhbyvwdcl

id~drdoc -ymfrf zwog`fer zwoghg`t bocywdgvyfi yo Ahdwheo yhadcl mdr o|c `dnf dc 84==$# Coadh

wfrzocifi gt rywfhe`dcdcl dyr yf`fboeevcdbhydocr id~drdocr, hci gt id~frydcl dyrf`n on ymf

yf`f~drdoc hci ZB id~drdocr# Koweh O``d`h, |mo gfbhef ymf BFO dc 8447, ehif h rywhyfldb

ifbdrdoc yo bocbfcywhyf ro`f`t oc yf`fboeevcdbhydocr# Ymvr, ivwdcl ymf wfry on ymf 844:r, Coadh

bocydcvfi yo id~fry dyrf`n on h`` on dyr coc%yf`fboeevcdbhydocr id~drdocr#

Ymf f}zòidcl |owì|dif zozv`hwdyt on eogd`f yf`fzmocfr, gftoci f~fc Coadhr eory

ozydedrydb zwfidbydocr, bhvrfi h òldrydbr bwdrdr dc ymf edi%844:r# Ymdr zwoezyfi Coadh yo

o~fwmhv` dyr fcydwf òldrydbr ozfwhydoc# @oldrydbr bocydcvfr yo gf ocf on Coadhr ehkow hi~hcyhlfr

o~fw dyr wd~h`r, hòcl |dym lwfhyfw fbocoedfr on rbh`f#

EOIF@R

Coadh mhr h cvegfw on eoif`r yo onnfw `daf ymf Coadh 8::: rfwdfr, Coadh 7::: rfwdfr,


25/64

Coadh 2::: rfwdfr, Coadh 6::: rfwdfr, Coadh >::: rfwdfr, Coadh 87: Ifh`r hwf ymf @hyfry eogd`f zmocf nwoe

Coadh Eogd`f zmocf hci ymfrf eogd`f zmocfr hwf h~hd`hg`f oc Zmocf Bocywhbyr VA#

ROCT FWDBRRDOC


26/64

Ymf Roct Fwdbrroc Y>8:, wf`fhrfi dc 7::2, dr h eogd`f zmocf ehcvnhbyvwfi gt Roct

Fwdbrroc# Dy |hr ocf on ymf ndwry |dif`t h~hd`hg`f eogd`f zmocfr yo dcb`vif h gvd`y%dc idldyh`

bhefwh, G`vfyooym, boòw rbwffc kotrydba ch~dlhydoc hci |hr h ~fwt mdlm rf``dcl zmocfr#

Ymf Y>8: dr h~hd`hg`f dc ymwff idrydcby boòwr; H`vedcdve Mh{f, Hgtrr G`vf hci ô`bhcdb

Wfi# Ehct bvryoefwr on Roct Fwdbrroc dc ymf Vcdyfi Adclioe boez`hdcfi yo zwo~difwr hgovy

gfdcl vchg`f yo ogyhdc ymf zmocf dc hct boòvw oymfw ymhc H`vedcdve Mh{f, hci yo ihyf dy dr ryd``

ymf eory |dif`t roì ~hwdhcy on ymf zmocf# Ymf wfywo%ryt`f ifrdlc on ymf zmocf |hr bwfhyfi gt

dcivrywdh` ifrdlcfw Fwda Hm`lwfc hci lhwcfwfi hzzwfbdhydoc dc ehlh{dcfr hy f}zordydocr hci

heocl gvtfwr# Ymf rvgy`f bvw~fr on ymf goit |fwf id~difi ~fwydbh``t |dym ymdc efyh` ow

h`vedcve mh`~fr, |mdbm |fwf boòwfi# Ymf aftzhdi wfehdcfi rd`~fw wflhwi`frr on goit boòw

~hwdhydoc#

NFHYVWFR ON ROCT FWDBRROC


27/64

87=}8>% idrz`ht, 8>%gdy boòw ->662> boòwr$

ZB rtcbmwocd{hydoc Rtcb E@

Idldyh` bhefwh, dehlf rd{f 7==}267 zd}f`r -BDN$ ow 87:}8>: zd}f`r -XX^LH$, 79%gdy boòw

ifzym -8> ed``doc boòwr$, ryowhlf nowehy KZFL

Zdbyvwf nowehyr rvzzowyfi; KZFL, LDN, EGE, ZCL hci \GEZ#

Rzfbdndb hgrowzydoc whyf -RHW$ 5 :#=4 \kAl

Zo`tzmocdb wdcldcl yocfr

^dgwhydcl h`fwy

Idefcrdocr; 8:7}99}84 ee

87=}8>% idrz`ht, 8>%gdy boòw ->662> boòwr$

ZB rtcbmwocd{hydoc Rtcb E@

Idldyh` bhefwh, dehlf rd{f 7==}267 zd}f`r -BDN$ ow 87:}8>: zd}f`r -XX^LH$, 79%gdy boòw

ifzym -8> ed``doc boòwr$, ryowhlf nowehy KZFL

Zdbyvwf nowehyr rvzzowyfi; KZFL, LDN, EGE, ZCL hci \GEZ#

Rzfbdndb hgrowzydoc whyf -RHW$ 5 :#=4 \kAl

RHERVCL EOGD@FR

Rhervcl zmocfr ld~f tov ymf eory dcbwfidg`f eogd`f f}zfwdfcbf |dym hc vcehybmhg`f

xvh`dyt hci fc~dhg`f ryt`f# Ymfrf mhcirfyr ehaf tov f}zfwdfcbf ymf ehldb on eogd`f yfbmcoòlt

|dym ymfdw dezfbbhg`f nfhyvwfr# Nwoe lwfhy ~drvh`r oc h mdlm xvh`dyt idrz`ht yo heh{dcl evrdb,

nwoe mdlm rzffi dcyfwwvzyfi dcyfwcfy hbbfrr yo |dwf`frr boccfbyd~dyt nwoe ymf nhbd`dyt now ~difo


28/64

rmhwdcl hci ~difo bh``dcl yo ev`ydefidh efrrhldcl nwoe f}bdydcl lhefr yo iobvefcy ~df|dcl

bhzhgd`dydfr, tov bhc mh~f f~fwtymdcl tov bhc f}zfby nwoe h eogd`f zmocf dc h Rhervcl eogd`f

Zmocf#

Ovw f}xvdrdyf govxvfy on Rhervcl Zmocfr if`d~fw lwhcifvw bovz`fi |dym lwfhy vyd`dyt#

\f onnfw tov h whclf on f}b`vrd~f eogd`f zmocfr |mdbm |d`` ld~f tov hc deefcrf`t rhydrntdcl

f}zfwdfcbf# Tov bhc bmoorf kvry ymf wdlmy mhcirfy ymhy ehybmfr tovw ryt`f hci rvdyr tovw zobafy#

Ryvc ymf |ow`i hwovci |dym ymfrf ryt`drm zmocfr ymhy boegdcf lwfhy hfrymfydbr hci hi~hcbfi

yfbmco`olt#

Hy Idwfby Zmocf Rmoz, |f h`|htr rywd~f now bvryoefw rhydrnhbydoc# Mfcbf, |f hrrvwf yo

zwo~dif tov |dym ymf gfry ifh`r hy eory `vbwhyd~f zwdbfr# Lwfhy xvh`dyt, hi~hcbfi nfhyvwfr hci

vcehybmhg`f zfwnowehcbf, oc`t oc tovw Rhervcl eogd`f Zmocf# \f fcifh~ovw yo rfw~f tov

|dym f}bf``fcbf#


29/64

BMHZYFW%7

WF^DF\ ON @DYFWHYVWF

Gfnowf ymdr ryvit, ymfwf hwf ehct ryvidfr mh~f gffc bocivbyfi oc ymf zwfnfwfcbf

on bvryoefwr ~hwdovr eogd`f mhcirfyr hci ymf nhbyowr hnnfbydcl bvryoefwr bmodbf# H`` ymf ryvidfr

mhr gffc zvg`drmfi dc ~hwdovr ehlh{dcfr, cf|rzhzfwr hci yhafc nwoe oymfw wfrfhwbm zwokfby

wfzowyr gfnowf ymf zwfrfcy ryvit# Roef on ymf ndcidclr on ymfrf ryvidfr hwf ld~fc gfò|; %

Lhvw . Rfymd -7::7$ bocivbyfi h wfrfhwbm oc ymf bocrvefw zwfnfwfcbf wflhwidcl Hrrfeg`fi ~r#

Gwhcifi Boezvyfwr# Hbbowidcl yo ryvit, zfoz`f zwfnfw hrrfeg`fi ZB yo ymf gwhcifi ZB#

Ryvifcyr mh~f ymf eh}deve rmhwf dc ymf ehwafy#

Dcidhc F}zwfrr -7::7$ bocb`vifi ymf nhby ymhy Roct Fwdbrroc hci Eoyowo`h dr zwo~dcl h yovlm

boezfydyow yo Coadh dc Dcidh bdyt#

Rhehw Mh`heahw -7::7$ \f``, dyr co| yfbmcdbh``t zorrdg`f yo rfcy yf}y nwoe `hci`dcfr# Dc ymf

V#A#, Gwdydrm yf`fboe dr co| onnfwdcl ymf rfw~dbf oc `hci`dcfr%ymf ndwry rvbm |owì|dif vrdcl ymf

yfbmcoòlt ymhy idrz`htr bh``fw Dir# Hbyvh``t bf`` zmocfr hwf gfyyfw rvdyfi now yf}y ymhc `hci`dcfr#

Eogd`f ozfwhyowr onnfw yf}y gt rxvff{dcl dc rmowy efrrhlf dc ymf vcvrfi rzhbf dc bocywo` bmhccf`

ymhy cfy|owar vrf yo ehaf ~odbf bh``r# Mo|f~fw, `hci`dcfr iocy mh~f rvbm bmhccf`r# \mhy mhr

iocf dr yo rdif efrrhlf oc eoifwc `daf yocfr ymhy rfcy ymf cvegfw on ymf bh``fw yo tovw zmocf#

Yo vrf ymdr rfw~dbf, tov cffi h rzfbdh` zmocf ymhy dr idldyh` bowi`frr zmocf hiir yf}y efrrhlfr yo

ymf bh``fw DI yocfr hci bhc rfcy h yf}y efrrhlf yo h bf`` zmocf ow yo h rded hw `hci`dcf# Ymf

rtryfe%kvry hzzwo~fi now vrf gt ymf Fvwozfhc yf`fboeevcdbhydoc# Ryhcihwi Dcrydyvyf%bhc oc`t

rfci yf}y yo h bf`` zmocf#

Rv~ffc A Rdcmh -7::7$, ryhwydcl Hzwd` 88, 7::7 cfy yf`fzmoct gfboefr `flh` dc Dcidh# Gvy ymf

ndcf zwdcy dc ymf zo`dbt hci drrvf wf`hyfi yo boezfydydoc `fh~f ymf ioow |dif ozfc now h zwdefw `daf

ymdr#

Cfy yf`fzmoct dr coy ymf rhef hr ~odbf o~fw Dcyfwcfy zwoyobo` -ÔDZ$# Ymf nowefw

hgovy vrdcl h ZB, ow hc DZ zmocf yo bh`` hcoymfw zmocf, ZB ow DZ zmocf o~fw ymf cfy# Ymf rfboci

dr ymf vrf on DZ -Dcyfwcfy zwoyobo`$ r|dybmfr dc yf`fboeevcdbhydoc cfy|owa# Eory eoifwc

cfy|owa iofr ymdr; dy nhbd`dyhyfr ~odbf yo gf bo~fwfi dcyo zobafyr on ihyh, ymfwfgt ozyded{dcl ymf

vrf on ghci|diym# Ymfwf mh~f cf~fw gffc hct xvfrydoc ehwar o~fw ymf `flh`dyt on ÔDZ, Cfy

yfbmcoòlt, dr bocywhry, |hr ifb`hwfi, d``flh` dc Dcidh vcyd` Lo~y# lh~f dcyo ymf ifehcir on

Dcyfwcfy Rfw~dbf zwo~difw#


30/64

Hhwyd Lvzyh . Rvcffyh Ahv` -7::7$, Ymf bovcywt ywfa yo DZ yf`fzmoct ryhwyr onn |dym ymf hi~fcy

on ~odbf rfw~dbfr o~fw ymf zvg`db dcyfwfry# Ymf hbydocr hwf h`wfhit ryhwydcl yo mhzzfc# Hbbowidcl

yo ymf Ifzy# on yf`fboeevcdbhydoc, 86 DRZr |fwf ld~fc ymfdw hefcifi `dbfcrfr gt 84 Hzwd` yo

onnfw Dcyfwcfy yf`fzmoct#

Rh~ffc A Rdcmh -7::7$, hc frydehyfi 7:: gd``doc efrrhlf |fwf f}bmhclfi |owì|dif o~fw

eogd`fr zmocfr `hry tfhw# Boezhwfi yo ymhy RER ywhnndb dc Dcidh dr ryd ` eoifry# Gvy bf``v`hw

ozfwhyowr hwf gfyydcl oc ymdr ~fwrhyd`f efrrhldcl rtryfe yo lwo| ymfdw wf~fcvfr rdlcdndbhcy t dc

ymf tfhwr yo boef# Efrrhldcl dr zwoedrf on gdl gvbar `vwfr yo b`vybm on ozfwhydocr hci bocyfcy

zwo~difwr dcyo lhef#

\dwf`frr yf`fzmoct . owdldch` ad``fw hzz#, RER, bovì rvwzwdrf, rvwzwdrf yvwc ovy

yo gf ymf zwo~dcbdh` zoy on Loì hy ymf fci on ymf whdcgo|# Hc frydehyfi 82%`ham efrrhlf bwo|i

ymf hdw|h~fr hwovci vr#

Ymfwf hwf Gfcfyyoc, Bo`fehcc Boezhct `dedyfi hci ymf Dcidh Yoiht Lwovz |dym

`hwlf zhcr%Dcidhc bocyfcy z`htr1 Wfidnn |dym h wveowfi ro gwhcifi fnnowy1 GZ@ |dym dyr cf}y%lfc

LZWr -ymhy ryhcir now Lfcfwh` Zhbafy Whido R|dybmdcl hci dyr frrfcydh``t efhc h gdllfw, nhryfw

cfy|owa ymhy onnfw hc h`|htr oc dcyfwcfy nhbd`dyt$# Dc Eveghd1 HdwYf` hci F}boyf` |dym 27 gdyf

RDE bhwir1 Mvybm%Fhrrhw |dym dyr yf`f~odbf zo|fwfi ~odbf%RER hci Wf`dhcbf |dym dyr mvrm%mvrm

z`hcr now ihyh rfw~dbfr#

Dcidhc f}zwfrr -7::2$ rvllfryfi ymhy Boccfby dr yo lfy yf`fboe wf~o`vydoc dc @vimdhch bdyt# Dy

|d`` zwo~dif yf`fzmocf boccfbydoc |dymdc rf~fc ihtr, |dwf`frr yf`fzmocf, dr ocf on zwoezy

onnfwfi gt boezhct#


31/64

BMHZYFW%2

Wfrfhwbm Efymoioòlt

Wfrfhwbm dr hc hwy on rbdfcydndb dc~frydlhydoc# Hr zfw ymf hi~hcbfi `fhwcfwr idbydochwt on

bvwwfcy Fcl`drm, wfrfhwbm dr h bhwfnv` dc~frydlhydoc ow fcxvdwt frzfbdh``t ymwovlm rfhwbm now cf|

nhbyr dc hct gwhci on aco|`filf# Ymvr wfrfhwbm dr ymf zvwrvdy on ywvym |dym ymf mf`z on ymf ryvit,

ogrfw~hydoc, boezhwdroc hci f}zfwdefcy#

Wfrfhwbm efymoioòlt dr h |ht yo rtryfehydbh``t ro`~f ymf wfrfhwbm zwog`fe; dy eht gf

vcifwryooi hr h rbdfcbf on ryvit mo| wfrfhwbm dr iocf rbdfcydndbh``t? Ymvr wfrfhwbm efymoioòlt

dr coy oc`t bocbfwcfi |dym wfrfhwbm efymoir gvy |mo bocrdifw ymf gfmdci ymf efymoir vrfi dc

ymf bocivby on wfrfhwbm ryvit hci f}z`hdc |mt zhwydbv`hw efymoi ow yfbmcdxvf hci oymfwr hwf coy,

ro ymhy wfrfhwbm wfrv`y hwf bhzhg`f on gfdcl f~h`vhyfi fdymfw gt ymf wfrfhwbmfw mderf`n ow gt

oymfwr#

9#8 Wfrfhwbm Ifrdlc

H wfrfhwbm ifrdlc dr ymf hwwhclfefcy on bocidydocr now bo``fbydoc hci hch`trdr on ihyh dc h

ehccfw ymhy hder yo boegdcf wf`f~hcbf yo wfrfhwbm zvwzorf |dym fbocoet dc zwobfivwf#

Wfrfhwbm ifrdlc dr cffifi gfbhvrf dy nhbd`dyhyfr ymf reooym rhd`dcl on ymf ~hwdovr wfrfhwbm

ozfwhydocr, ymfwfgt ehadcl wfrfhwbm hr fnndbdfcy hr zorrdg`f tdfìdcl eh}deh` dcnowehydoc |dym

edcdeh` f}zfcidyvwf on fnnowy, ydef hci eocft#

Vcifw ymdr zwokfby ymf wfrfhwbm ifrdlc dr ifrbwdzyd~f dc chyvwf# Ymf wfrfhwbm ryvit dr bocbfwcfi

|dym rzfbdndb zwfidbydocr, |dym chwwhydoc on nhbyr hci bmhwhbyfwdrydbr bocbfwcdcl dcid~divh`, lwovz

hci rdyvhydoc# Et wfrfhwbm ifrdlc eo~fr hwovci no`ò|dcl ymorf zfwrocr |mo roefmo| idwfby`t

ow dc idwfby`t vrdcl ymf eogd`f rfyr, ymorf hwf Xvfrydocchdwf |hr zwfzhwfi dc rvbm h |ht yo lfy h``

ymf ifyhd`r hgovy ymf yozdb yo gf ryvidfi#

9#7 Ihyh Bo``fbydoc

Ymf yhra on ihyh bo``fbydoc ifdlcr hnyfw h wfrfhwbm zwog`fe mhr gffc ifndcfi hci wfrfhwbm

ifrdlc/z`hc bmhàfi ovy# Dc ymf wfrfhwbm zwokfby ihyh |d`` gf bo``fbyfi ymwovlm idwfby

boeevcdbhydoc |dym ymf wfrzocifcyr hr |f`` hr ymwovlm xvfrydocchdwf# Ymf dcyfw~df| efymoi on


32/64

bo``fbydcl ihyh dc~o`~fi zwfrfcyhydoc on owh`%~fwgh` rydev`d hci wfz`t dc yfwer on owh`%~fwgh`

wfrzocrfr# Dy |ovì gf ymf vcrywvbyvwfi dcyfw~df|r ymhy |d`` gf vrfi ivwdcl ymf wfrfhwbm ryvit#

Vcrywvbyvwfi dcyfw~df|r io coy no`ò| h rtryfe on zwf%ifyfwedcfi xvfrydocr hci ryhcihwid{fi

yfbmcdxvfr on wfbowidcl dcnowehydoc rvbm vcrywvbyvwfi dcyfw~df| h`ò|r lwfhyfw nwffioe yo hra,

dc bhrf on cffi# Rvzz`fefcyhwt xvfrydocr ow hy ydefr oedy bfwyhdc xvfrydoc dn ymf rdyvhydoc ro

wfxvdwfr#

9#7#8 Zwdehwt ihyh; % Ymwovlm xvfrydocchdwf

9#7#7 Rfbocihwt ihyh; % Ymwovlm zhry wfrfhwbmfr, cf|rzhzfwr, gooar, Dcyfwcfy

9#2 Rhez`dcl z`hc

H rhez`f ifrdlc dr h ifndcdyf z`hc now ogyhdcdcl h rhez`f nwoe h ld~fc zozv`hydoc# Dy wfnfwr yo ymf

yfbmcdxvf ow ymf zwobfivwf ymf wfrfhwbmfw |ovì hiozy dc rf`fbydcl dyfer now ymf rhez`f ifrdlc

eht hr |f`` `ht io|c ymf cvegfw on dyfer yo gf dcb`vifi dc ymf rhez`f d#f# ymf rd{f on ymf

rhez`f#

9#2#8 Vcd~fwrf

Vcd~fwrf dr ymf rfy on ogkfbyr yo gf ryvidfi# Mfwf vcd~fwrf dr h`` ymf rfw~dbfr bocrvefwr, |mo hwf

bocrvedcl rfw~dbfr on ymf Eogd`f boezhcdfr# Fezòtffr mh~f h`ro gffc dcb`vifi#

9#2#7 Zozv`hydoc

H`` ymf bvryoefw ow bocrvefwr on Yf`fboe boezhcdfr on ymf @vimdhch wfldoc# Ymorf, |mo mhr

gffc bocrvedcl ymf rfw~dbfr on Eogd`f rfyr dc @vimdhch#

9#2#2 Rhez`dcl Vcdy

Hc dcid~divh` on @vimdhch wfldoc |mo dr fdymfw fezòtff ow ymf rdlch` bocrvefw

9#2#9 Rhez`f rd{f

Dy |ovì gf rf`fbyfi oc ymf ghrfr on bocivbydcl ymf rvw~ft#

Bocrvefwr 8::

9#2#6 Rhez`dcl zwobfivwf

Ymdr wfnfwr yo ymf yfbmcdxvf yo gf vrfi dc rf`fbydcl ymf dyfer now ymf rhez`f#

Rhez`dcl zwobfivwf dr yo gf vrfi ymhy dr boc~fcdfcbf rhez`dcl

9#9 Hch`trdr on Ihyh

Ymf xvfrydocr ymhy mh~f h`yfwchyd~f bmodbfr |fwf hch`t{fi gt yhadcl zfwbfcyhlf# Rdez`f

ryhydrydbh` yfbmcdxvfr |fwf vrfi now ymf hch`trdr on ihyh ymhy dcb`vif h~fwhlf, whcadcl hci efhc


33/64

rbowf#


34/64

OGKFBYD^FR ON YMF RYVIT

8#Yo boezhwf ymf xvh`dyt on eogd`f rfy boezhcdfr#

7#Yo aco| ymf gfmh~dow on ymf bvryoefwr hgovy mhcirfyr hci mhcirfy boezhcdfr#

2#Yo aco| ymf zfwbfcyhlf Coadh, Roct Fwdbrroc, @L, Rhervcl hci oymfw boezhcdfr rmhwf dc

ymf ehwafy#

9#Yo aco| ymf rhydrnhbydoc `f~f` on ymf bvryoefwr yo|hwir ymf boezhcdfr#

6#Hci h`ro aco| hgovy boezhcdfr zwo~didcl mo| evbm rhydrnhbydoc yo bvryoefwr#


35/64

@dedyhydocr on ymf Ryvit

8 Ymf Ryvit dr vchg`f yo frbhzf ymf vrvh` `dedyhydocr ivf yo bocrywhdcyr on Ydef, Eocft

hci oymfw wfrovwbfr#

7 Ymf ryvit |hr wfrywdbyfi yo ymf @vimdhch ryhyf hci dyr hikodcdcl wfldoc oc`t#

2 Ymf wfrzocrf on wfrzocifcyr eht ow eht coy wfzwfrfcy ymfdw o|c wfrzocrfr#

9 Eory on ymf wfrzocifcyr |fwf gvrt |dym ymfdw o|c wovydcf hci ymft mh~f co ow `frr ydef

yo nd`` vz ymf xvfrydocchdwf#

6 Roef on ymf vcdyr dc ymf rhez`f eht coy gf ymf ywvf wfzwfrfcyhyd~fr on ymf zozv`hydoc#

> Roef ydef ymf wfrzocifcyr hwf coy wfh``t wfhit yo ld~f ymfdw nhdw wfrzocrfr#


36/64

Hch`trdr hci dcyfwzwfyhydoc

8#\mdbm on ymf eogd`f rfy io tov mh~f?

Eogd`f rfyr Co# on wfrzocifcyr & hlf on vrfwr

Coadh 99 99&

Roct Fwdbrroc 76 76&

Rhervcl 87 87&

@L 88 88&

Oymfwr = =&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

99&

76&

87&

88&=&

Coadh Roct Fwdbroc Rhe rvcl @ L Oymfwr

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; Dy dr wf~fh`fi ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr, 99 hwf h|hwf on Coadh rfyr |md`f

76 hwf h|hwf on Roct Fwdbrroc rfyr, 87 hwf h|hwf on Rhervcl, 88 hwf h|hwf on @L rfyr hci

wfehdcdcl = hwf h|hwf on oymfw eogd`f rfyr#


37/64

7#Nwoe mo| `ocl tov hwf vrdcl Coadh eogd`f rfy?

Eogd`f rfyr Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

@frr ymhc h tfhw 7: 7:&

Eowf ymhc h tfhw 7> 7>&

7%6 tfhw 7: 7:&

Eowf ymhc 6 tfhwr 29 29&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

68:

86

7:

76

2:

26

@frr ymhc h

tfhw

Eowf ymhc h

tfhw

7%6 Tfhw Eowf ymhc 6

tfhw

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; Nwoe ymf hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr, 7:& wfrzocifcyr

mh~f gffc vrdcl Coadh Eogd`f `frr ymhc h tfhw |md`f 7>& mh~f gffc vrdcl dy nwoe eowf ymhc

h tfhw, 7:& hwf vrdcl dy nwoe 7%6 tfhwr . 29& hwf vrdcl dy nwoe eowf ymhc 6 tfhwr#


38/64

2#Dc |mdbm hlf lwovz io tov nh``?

Hlf Lwovz Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

86%76 9: 9:&

76%26 76 76&

26%96 7: 7:&

96 hci hgo~f 86 86&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

9:&

76&

7:&

86&

86%76 76%26 26%96 Eowf ymhc 96

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; Nwoe ymf hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr 9: hwf vrdcl Coadh

eogd`f rfy gfy|ffc ymf hlf on 86%76 |md`f 76 hwf vrdcl eogd`f gfy|ffc ymf hlf on 76%26 hci

7: hwf vrdcl eogd`f gfy|ffc ymf hlf on 26%96 . wfehdcdcl 86 hwf vrdcl eogd`f eowf ymhc

ymf hlf on 96#


39/64

9#\mhy dr ymf boòvw on tovw eogd`f?

Boòvw Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

G`hba 6: 6:&

Rat G`vf 7: 7:&

Rd`~fw 86 86&

Hct oymfw 86 86&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

8:

7:

2:

9:

6:

G`hba Rat G`vf Rd ~fw Hct oymfw

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; nwoe ymf hgo~f ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr 6: hwf vrdcl g`hba boòvw on ymf

eogd`f, 7: hwf vrdcl rat g`vf boòvw, 86 hwf vrdcl lwffc boòvw on ymf eogd`f hci 86 hwf

vrdcl oymfw boòvwr on ymf eogd`f rfy#


40/64

6#\mo dcn`vfcbfi tovw ifbdrdoc yo gvt ymdr eogd`f rfy?

Zhwdbv`hwr Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

Nwdfcir 7: 7:&

Nhed`t 7: 7:&

Zwoeoydoc on ymf

Boezhct

86 86&

Hi~fwydrfefcy 26 26&

\fgrdyf 66&

Hct oymfw 6 6&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

7:&

7:&

86&

26&

6& 6&

Nwdfcir Nhed`t

Zwoeoydo on ymf boe zhct Hi~fwydrfefcy

\fgr dyf Hct oymfw

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; nwoe ymf hgo~f, ehkowdyt on ymf wfrzocifcyr hwf dcn`vfcbfi |md`f gvtdcl

eogd`f rfyr |md`f wfry on ymfe hwf dcn`vfcbfi gt oymfw rovwbfr `daf nwdfcir, nhed`t, zwoeoydoc

on ymf boezhct, |fgrdyfr fyb# Ro, |f bhc rht ymhy hi~fwydrfefcyr hwf z`htdcl hc dezowyhcy

wo`f dc ymf ehwafydcl on eogd`f rfyr#


41/64

>#\mhy dr ymf bory on tovw eogd`f zmocf?

Bory Co# on wfrzocifcyr & hlf on vrfwr

7:::%>::: 26 26&

>:::%8:::: 2: 2:&

8::::%89::: 76 76&

89:::%8=::: 8: 8:&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

6

8:

86

7:

76

2:

26

7:::%>::: >:::%8:::: 8::::%89::: 89:::%8=:::

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; Nwoe ymf hgo~f, dy dr b`fhw ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr, 26 hwf vrdcl ymf

eogd`f rfy gfy|ffc ymf bory on 7:::%>:::, 2: hwf vrdcl ymf eogd`f rfy gfy|ffc ymf boryon

>:::%8::::, 76 hwf vrdcl gfy|ffc ymf bory on 8:,:::% 89,::: . 8: hwf vrdcl gfy|ffc ymf

bory on 89,:::%8=,:::#


42/64


43/64

=#Io tov ymdca tovw eogd`f zwo~difr tov ~h`vf now tovw eocft?

Wfrzocrf Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

Tfr 8:: 8::&

Co : :&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

7:

9:

>:

=:

8::

Tfr Co

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc; nwoe ymf hgo~f h`` wfrzocifcyr ymdca ymfdw eogd`f zwo~difr ymfe ~h`vf now

ymfdw eocft#


44/64

4#Io tov ymdca ymdr eogd`f boezhct ifrfw~f tov òth`yt?


Tfr 4: 4:&

Co 8: 8:&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

4:&

8:&

Tfr Co

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; Dy dr b`fhw ymhy 4: wfrzocifcyr ymdca ymdr eogd`f boezhct ifrfw~fr ymfdw

òth`yt hci 8: wfrzocifcyr ymdca ymdr eogd`f boezhct -Coadh, @L, Rhervcl . Roct

Fwdbrroc$ io coy ifrfw~fr ymfdw òth`yt#


45/64

8:#Dr ymdr eogd`f rfy boc~fcdfcy yo vrf?


Tfr 8:: 8::&

Co : :&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

7:

9:

>:

=:

8::

Tfr Co

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; nwoe ymf hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy eogd`f rfyr |mdbm h`` ymft mh~f hwf boc~fcdfcy

yo vrf#


46/64

88#Hwf tov rhydrndfi gt ymdr eogd`f/

Zhwydbv`hwr Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

Mdlm`t rhydrndfi 2< 2


47/64

87#Mh~f tov `oth`yt yo ymdr eogd`f boezhct lwo|c rywoclfw?


Mdlm`t hlwff 96= 96&

Hlwff 2: 2:&

Cfvywh` 8: 8:&

Idrhlwff 8: 8:&

Mdlm`t idrhlwff 6 6&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

6

8:

86

7:

76

2:

26

9:

96

Mdlm`t

hlwff

Hlwff Cfvywh` Idrhlwff Mdl m`t

Idrhlwff

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; Nwoe ymf Hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr 96 hwf mdlm`t hlwff

ymhy ovw `oth`yt yo ymdr eogd`f boezhct mh~f lwo|c rywoclfw hci 2: hwf hlwff, 8: hwf cfvywh`,

8: hwf idrhlwff hci 6 hwf mdlm`t idrhlwff#


48/64

82#\mhy ehif tov gvt ymdr eogd`f rfy?


Hyywhbyd~f nfhyvwfr 2: 2:&

Ghyyfwt ghba vz 2: 2:&

Wfhrochg`f Zwdbf 86 86&

Hyywhbyd~f Goit 86 86&

Zwoivby on h wfzvyfi

boezhct

6 6&

Hct oymfw 6 6&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

2:&

2:&

86&

86&

6& 6&

Hyywhbyd~f Nfhyvwfr Ghyyfwt ghbavz

Wfhrochg`f Zwdbf Hyywhbyd~f Goit

Zwo ivby h Wf zvyfi Boez hc t Hc t oymfw

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; Nwoe ymf hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr 2: wfrzocifcyr gvt

ymdr eogd`f zmocfr on hyywhbyd~f nfhyvwfr, hlhdc 2: wfrzocifcyr gvt ymdr eogd`f gfbhvrf on

ghyyfwt ghba vz, 86 wfrzocifcyr gvt gfbhvrf on hyywhbyd~f goit hci 6 wfrzocifcyr gvt


49/64

gfbhvrf on ymf zwoivby on wfzvyfi boezhct hci 6 wfrzocifcyr gvt on hct oymfw wfhroc#

89#Mh~f tov f~fw ndci h ywovg`f |dym ymdr eogd`f rfy?

Wfrzocrf Co# on wfrzocifcyr & hlf on vrfwr

Tfr =6 =6&

Co 86 86&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

=6 &

86&

Tfr

Co

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; dy dr rmo|r ymhy =6& wfrzocifcyr ndci h ywovg`f |dym ymdr eogd`f rfy |md`f 86& on

ymf wfrzocifcyr io coy ndci Ywovg`f |dym ymdr eogd`f rfy#


50/64

86#\mfc tov mhi boez`hdcy, |hr dy mhci`fi ?


Tfr


51/64

8>#\mfc tovw eogd`f cffi rfw~dbdcl?


Hnyfw h eocymr 8: 8:&

Hnyfw y|o eocymr 76 76&

Hnyfw rd} eocymr 76 76&

Hnyfw h tfhw 9: 9:&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

8:&

76&

76&

9:&

Hnyf w h Eocymr Hnyfw Y|o Eocymr Hnyfw Rd} Eocymr Hnyfw Ocf Tfh w

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; nwoe ymf hgo~f dy dr b`fhw ymhy 9:& wfrzocifcyr cffi rfw~dbdcl on ymfdw eogd`f

rfyr hnyfw h tfhw 76& fhbm cffi rfw~dbdcl on ymfdw eogd`f rfyr hnyfw y|o eocymr hci hnyfw rd}

eocymr hci 8:& cffi rfw~dbdcl on ymfdw eogd`f hnyfw h eocym#


52/64

86 >6&

Co 26 26&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

8:

7:

2:

9:

6:

>:

6& on ymf zfoz`f |fwf |d``dcl yo gvt ymf oymfw eogd`f rfy

on ymf rhef boezhct hci 26& on ymf zfoz`f |fwf coy |d``dcl yo gvt ymf eogd`f rfy on ymf rhef

boezhct#


53/64

8=# Whyf ymf rhydrnhbydoc `f~f` |dym ymf o~fwh`` zfwnowehcbf on eogd`f rfyr?

Whyf on f~f` Co# on wfrzocifcyr& hlf on vrfwr

:%7:& 8: 8:&

7:%9:& 82 82&

9:%>:& 7: 7:&

>:%=:& 77 77&

=:%8::& 26 26&

Yoyh` 8:: 8::&

:

68:

86

7:

76

2:

26

:%7:& 7:%9:& 9:%>:& >:%=:& =:%8::&

Dcyfwzwfyhydoc ; Dy rmo|r ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr 8:& wfrzocifcyr hwf `df gfy|ffc :%

7:& on ymf rhydrnhbydoc `f~f` |dym ymf o~fwh`` zfwnowehcbf on eogd`f rfy, 82& hwf `df gfy|ffc

7:%9:&, 7:& `df gfy|ffc 9:%>:&, 77 hwf `df gfy|ffc >:%=:& hci 26& hwf `df gfy|ffc ymf

whyf on =:%8::


54/64

NDCIDCLR ON YMF RYVIT

8Nwoe ymf wfrfhwbm ryvit dy dr b`fhw ymhy h`` ymf wfrzocifcyr hwf h|hwf on ymf

eogd`f rfyr `daf Coadh, Roct Fwdbrroc, @L, Rhervcl . oymfwr# Dy dr

wf~fh`fi ymhy ovy on 8:: wfrzocifcyr, 99 hwf h|hwf on Coadh rfyr |md`f 76

hwf h|hwf on Roct Fwdbrroc rfyr hci 88 hwf h|hwf on @L hci 87 hwf h|hwf

on Rhervcl rfyr hci wfehdcdcl = hwf h|hwf on oymfw eogd`f rfyr#

7Dy dr wf~fh`fi ymhy 7:& wfrzocifcyr mh~f gffc vrdcl Coadh rfyr `frr ymhc h

tfhw, 7>& hwf vrdcl dy eowf ymhc h tfhw, 7:& hwf vrdcl dy nwoe 7#6 tfhwr hci

wfehdcdcl 29& mh~f gffc vrdcl dy nwoe eowf ymhc 6 tfhwr#

2Ehkowdyt on ymf wfrzocifcyr mh~f boef yo aco| hgovy Coadh rfyr ymwovlm

nwdfcir, 86& fhbm ymwovlm zwoeoydoc on ymf boezhct hci zvg`dbdyt hci 6&

ymwovlm |fgrdyfr hci 6& ymwovlm hct oymfw rovwbf#

9Nwoe ymf hgo~f, dy dr b`fhw ymhy ehkowdyt on ymf wfrzocifcyr hwf dcn`vfcbfi gt

hi~fwydrfefcyr |md`f wfry on ymfe hwf dcn`vfcbfi gt oymfw rovwbfr `daf

|fgrdyfr wohi rmo| hi~fwydrfefcy, fyb# ro, dy bhc gf ryhyfi ymhy

hi~fwydrfefcy hwf z`htdcl hc dezowyhcy wo`f dc ymf ehwafydcl on eogd`f rfyr#

6Eory on ymf wfrzocifcyr hwf rhydrndfi |dym ymf zvwbmhrf ifbdrdoc wflhwidcl

eogd`f rfyr |md f 2Roct Fwdbrroc eogd`fr hwf eory`t `dafi gt tovcl zfoz`f gvy Coadh eogd`frfyr hwf `dafi gt f~fwt hlf lwovz zfoz`f#


55/64

=Ymf ryvit rmo|r ymhy >6& on ymf zfoz`f |fwf |d``dcl yo gvt ymf oymfw eogd`f

rfyr on ymf rhef boezhct hci 26& on ymf zfoz`f |fwf coy |d``dcl yo gvt

ymf eogd`f rfy on ymf rhef boezhct#

4Coadh zwo~difr hnyfw rh`f rfw~dbfr yo ymfdw bvryoefwr Coadh zwo~difr ocf tfhw

|hwwhcyt yo ymfdw bvryoefwr |dymovy hct bory#

8:@L hci Rhervcl eogd`f rfyr mh~f `frr ifehci boezhwhyd~f yo Coadh hci

Roct Fwdbrroc eogd`f rfyr#

88Dc ymf fci on 7::=, Coadh `hvcbmfi C4> |mdbm zwo~difr LZR -L`ogh`

Zordydocdcl Rfw~dbfr$ rtryfe yo ymfdw bvryoefwr hci ymf rbwffc on ymfdw

eogd`f dr ~fwt idnnfwfcy nwoe oymfw eogd`f rfyr hci ymf Bhw` [frdr bhefwh

mhr ndyyfi dc ymdr eogd`f hci nvcbydocr hwf ~fwt fhrt# Co bvryoefw novci

hct idnndbv`yt yo ozfwhyf ymfdw eogd`f#

Roct Fwdbrroc h`ro `hvcbmfi cf| ytzf on eogd`fr |mdbm hwf `dafi gt Tovcl

zfoz`f ~fwt evbm# Now F}hez`f, Roct Fwdbrroc `hvcbmfi \6=:d eogd`f, ymf ehdc

nfhyvwf on ymdr eogd`f dr kvry rmhaf tovw eogd`f rfyh hci roclr hwf bmhclfi ~fwt

fhrd`t hci ~odbf b`hwdyt dr ~fwt looi boezhwhyd~f yo oymfw eogd`fr hci dehlf

~df|fw dr ~fwt b`fhw . dy mhr `hwlf eflh zd}f` bhefwh#


56/64

RVLLFRYDOCR

8Difcydnt boezfydyowr rywhyfldfr#

7Ehdcyhdc looi gfmh~dovw yo|hwir bvryoefwr#

2Dcyfwhby |dym bvryoefwr eowf . eowf hci eogd`fr hwf `hvcbm hbbowidcl yo ymfdw

cffir hci |mdbm dr hnnowihg`f yo f~fwt bvryoefwr#

9Zwozfw nhbd`dydfr hwf zwo~difi yo ymfdw bvryoefwr#

6Boezhcdfr rmovì h`|htr affz ymf ftfr oc ymf ehwafy yo |hybm ymhy hct ymdcl

|wocl mhr coy gffc rzwfhidcl dc ymf ehwafy hgovy ymfdw rfw~dbfr#

8# Eory`t zfoz`f hwf coy h|hwf hgovy h`` ymf ~h`vf hiifi rfw~dbfr `daf dcnowehydoc

rfw~dbfr ow ihd` rfw~dbfr zwozfw hir hgovy ymfrf ~h`vf hiifi rfw~dbfr rmovì gf

ymfwf yo ehaf ymfe h|hwf#

7# Ymf boezhcdfr ehaf rvwf ymwovlm wfrfhwbm |mhy f~fw ymft hwf if`d~fwdcl yo ymf

bocrvefwr, dciffi, ymft bovì gf rhydrndfi ymfe ow coy#

2#Ymft boezhct ehaf rvwf ymhy iocy rmo| |md`f ehwafydcl |mhy f~fw dc hbyvh` tov

hwf coy ld~dcl ow bhcy ld~f,

9# Ywt yo ld~f eowf ~h`vf hiifi rfw~dbfr |dym boccfbyd~dyt

6#Ymft rmovì ywt yo wfivbf ymfdw bory hci wfcifwfi ymf rfw~dbfr dc ò| bory yo

bocrvefwr#


57/64

BMHZYFW%^

Bocb`vrdoc

Ymdr ryvit dr rvwwovcidcl yo oc`t ymorf zfwrocr |mo mh~f ymf eogd`f zmocfr#

Yoihtr Dcidhc eogd`f dcivrywt dr ymf nhryfry lwo|dcl Dcivrywt# Hci ymf Coadh dr nhryfry

lwo|dcl boezhct dc ymdr zhwydbv`hw rfbyow1 ymfdw bocrvefw ghrf dr dcbwfhrdcl bocydcvovr`t# Ymdr

ryvit h`ro wf~fh`fi ymhy ymf eory wfrzocifcy mh~f gffc vrdcl Coadh mhcirfyr#

Ymf eory`t bocrvefw dr vrdcl ymf Coadh LRE Mhcirfyr ymfc boefr ymf BIEH

Mhcirfyr# Ymf ryvit mhr bocivbyfi oc`t ymorf bocrvefwr |mo mhr gffc vrdcl ymf Eogd`f

mhcirfyr eowf ymhc 2 eocymr gfbhvrf on ymf nhbyr, ymft |ovì mh~f gffc nhbfi ymf zwog`fer#

8# F}zfbyfi Rfw~dbfr Lhz D bocrvefw lhz Ymf ndwry ogkfbyd~f on ymf ryvit dr yo

boezhwf ymf rfw~dbfr on idnnfwfcy boezhcdfr on Dcidh gt hzz`tdcl xvh`dyt lhzr

eoif`# Ro hy ymf fci on ymf zwokfby |f novci ymhy ymfwf hwf roef lhzr dc ymf

rfw~dbfr zwo~difwr zodcy on ~df|, Ymf ryvit ifeocrywhyfi ymf boezhctr fnnowyr

yo nv`nd`èfcy ymf bocrvefwr f}zfbyhydocr |dym f}yfcifi rbh`f# Boezhct rhdi

ymhy ymft io fnnowyr yo aco| ymf bocrvefwr f}zfbyhydocr gvy bocrvefwr yoì ymhyymft hwf coy iodcl fnnowyr yo aco| hgovy ymfdw f}zfbyhydocr# Ymf boezhcdfr

zwoeoydcl ymfdw zwoivby hci rfw~dbfr mfh~d`t |mfymfw zwdcy efidh ow f`fbywocdb

efidh |mhy f~fw# Ymf boezhcdfr hwf iodcl wfhrochg`f fnnowyr yo aco| hgovy ymf

bocrvefwr f}zfbyhydocr, ymwovlm hi~fwydrfefcy yo ehaf h|hwf ymf bocrvefw,

ymwovlm RER h`ro, dc hir ymft ld~f ymfdw yo`` nwff co# yo bocnowe hgovy ymf

rfw~dbfr# Bocrvefwr bhc lo now rvdyhg`f ocf# F}bfzy ocf ow y|o boezhctr ymf

bocrvefwr f}zfbyhydocr mh~f gffc nv`nd``dcl |dym ymfdw rfw~dbfr#

7# Rfw~dbfr xvh`dyt Lhz DD Dc ymdr xvh`dyt lhz ymf bocrvefwr zfwbfzydoc

wflhwidcl zhwydbv`hw rfw~dbfr, hci ehchlfefcy wflhwidcl bocrvefwr, dr bwfhyf lhz

gfbhvrf roef rfw~dbfr dr coy nv`nd``dcl ymf wfxvdwfi ocf, rvbm hr LZWR Mhcirfyr

ehaf zwoedrf ymhy dy |d`` ld~f tov gfyyfw boccfbyd~dyt yo|hwir bocrvefwr |owar

gvy ymft iocy hg`f yo zwo~dif ymf rhef# F~fc ymf boezhcdfr yhadcl `f~fwhlf on


58/64

vch|hwfcfrr on ymf bocrvefw, eory on ymf bocrvefwr io coy aco| hgovy ymf

yfbmcdbh` yfwer#Zoow Rfw~dbf ifrdlc gvy ymft bov`i coy gf ehchlf ymf ymdr, dy `fhi

yo Hgrfcbf on Bvryoefw%Ifndcfi Ryhcihwir Dchzzwozwdhyf Zmtrdbh` F~difcbf hci

Rfw~dbf lhz#

2# Rfw~dbf If d~fwt%Rfw~dbf ifrdlc Lhz DDD# Ymdr lhz ymfc boefr |mfc

boezhct nhd`fi yo xvh`dyt rfw~dbf yo ymf bocrvefwr hr zwoedrfi, bvryoefw coy

ifh`dcl |f``, |mdbm bwfhyfr lhzr#

9# Rfw~dbf If`d~fwt%F}yfwch` boeevcdbhydoc Lhz D^

Rfboci ogkfbyd~f on ymf ryvit yo ryvit ~hwdovr bhvrfr |mdbm bwfhyfr xvh`dyt lhzr

dc rfw~dbfr, ymf ryvit wf~fh`fi ymhy ymf o~fw zwoedrdcl bwfhyfr ymf zwog`fe now ymf

bocrvefwr,


59/64

GDG@DOLWHZMT

d# Aoymhwd, B#W Wfrfhwbm Efymoio`olt#

dd# A|hywh, Hcrmv` Ovy ooa Rfzyfegfw, :=, 7::9

ddd# Zhw~ffc# Bmhciwhc# Ywdgvcf 8 Ifb# 7::8

d~# Ndchcbdh` f}zwfrr, 7::7, Lwfhy ~h`vf lwfhy rfw~dbfr nfg# 4

~# If~, Wh~dDcifw, 7::7, H ryvit on ~h`vf hiifi rfw~dbfr hci ymfdw

dcn`vfcbfr oc bf``v`hw rfbyowr -LRE$#

~d# Ioehdc G#boe/ dcivrywt/ LRE/ Dcif}# Mye`

~dd# Bf``v`hw%Cf|r#boe/ bo~fwhlf/ Dcidh# Rmye`

~ddd# Rzdbf#boe

d}# Hdwyf` |ow`i# Boe

}# GRC@# Boe

}d# Mvybm#bo#dc


60/64

XVFRYDOCCHDWF

Ifhw Wfrzocifcy,

D WFFYDCIFW RDCLM GWHW, on G#G#H DDDwi Tfhw dr Bocivbydcl BOEZHWDROC

ON IDNNFWFCY EOGD@F RFYR BOEZHCDFR RFW^DBFR# Z`fhrf Zwo~dif no``o|dcl

Dcnowehydoc#

Chef _________________________________

Lfcifw _________________________________

Eh`f

Nfeh`f

Hlf

8=%2: twr

2:%96 twr

Hgo~f 96 twr

Fivbhydoc

Vcifw lwhivhyf

Lwhivhyf

Zory lwhivhyf

Zwonfrrdoc

OBBVZHYDOC

Gvrdcfrrehc

Rfw~dbf

Ryvifcy

Movrf \dnf

Oymfw

DCBOEF

@frr ymhc 8 @ham

8 yo 7 `hbr

7 yo 6 @hbr

6 @hbr . hgo~f


61/64

8# \mdbm on ymf eogd`f rfy io tov mh~f?

Eogd`f rfyr

Coadh

Roct Fwdbrroc

Rhervcl

@L

Oymfwr

Yoyh`

7# Nwoe mo| ocl tov hwf vrdcl Coadh Eogd`f rfy?

Eogd`f rfyr

@frr ymhc h tfhw

Eowf ymhc h tfhw

7%6 tfhw

Eowf ymhc 6 tfhwr

Yoyh`

2# Dc |mdbm hlf lwovz io tov nh``?

Hlf Lwovz

86%76

76%26

26%96

96 hci hgo~f

9# \mhy dr ymf bo`ovw on tovw eogd`f?

Bo`ovw

G`hba


62/64

Rat G`vf

Rd`~fw

Hct oymfw

6# \mo dcn`vfcbfi tov ifbdrdoc yo gvt ymdr eogd`f rfy?

Nwdfcir

Nhed`t

Zwoeoydoc on ymf Boezhct

Hi~fwydrfefcy

\fgrdyf

Hct oymfw

># \mhy dr ymf bory on tovw eogd`f zmocf?

Bory

7:::%>:::

>:::%8::::

8::::%89:::

89:::%8=:::


63/64

Co

8:# Dr ymdr eogd`f rfy boc~fcdfcy yo vrf?

Tfr

Co

88# Hwf tov rhydrndfi gt ymdr eogd`f/

Mdlm`t rhydrndfi

Rhydrndfi

87# Mh~f tov `oth`yt yo ymdr eogd f boezhct lwo|c rywoclfw?

Mdlm`t hlwff

Hlwff

Cfvywh`

Idrhlwff

Mdlm`t idrhlwff

82#\mhy ehif tov gvt ymdr eogd`f rfy?

Hyywhbyd~f nfhyvwfr

Ghyyfwt ghba vz

Wfhrochg`f Zwdbf

Hyywhbyd~f Goit

Zwoivby on h wfzvyfi boezhctHct oymfw

89#Mh~f tov f~fw ndci h ywovg`f |dym ymdr eogd`f rfy?

Tfr


64/64

Co

86#\mfc tov mhi boez`hdcy, |hr dy mhci`fi ?

Tfr

Co

8># \mfc tovw eogd`f cffi rfw~dbdcl?

Hnyfw h eocymr

Hnyfw y|o eocymr

Hnyfw rd} eocymr

Hnyfw h tfhw

8:&

>:%=:&

=:%8::&

84# Hct rvllfrydocr

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