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Comparison of Branded & Non-Branded Bikes Submitted to: Miss. Umara Shaheen Submitted by: Ahsan Malik BBA-FA07-027 Waqar Ahmad Awan BBA-FA07-040 Muhammad Faris BBA-FA07-046 Alam Zaib Khan BBA-FA07-078 Tabassum Mehmood BBA-FA07-070 Faisal Iqbal BBA-FA07-018 Zeeshan Sohail BBA-FA07-086 Section: FA07-BBA-8B

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Page 1: comparison of branded and non-branded bikes

Comparison of Branded & Non-Branded Bikes

Submitted to: Miss. Umara Shaheen

Submitted by: Ahsan Malik BBA-FA07-027Waqar Ahmad Awan BBA-FA07-040Muhammad Faris BBA-FA07-046Alam Zaib Khan BBA-FA07-078Tabassum Mehmood BBA-FA07-070Faisal Iqbal BBA-FA07-018Zeeshan Sohail BBA-FA07-086

Section: FA07-BBA-8B

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Lahore Campus,

Page 2: comparison of branded and non-branded bikes

Memo of Transmittal

DATE: May 29, 2008TO: Miss Umara ShaheenFROM: Group 5 (FA07-BBA-8B)SUBJECT: Comparison of Branded & Non-Branded Bikes

Here is the report you requested about the comparison and branded and non-branded bikes along with recommendations for choosing between the branded and non-branded bikes while buying it. The study included the primary and secondary research. The primary study focused on a survey of employees of Lahore Autos and Raja Motors.The information gathered shows that amongst the branded and non branded motorbikes, branded motorbikes are a better choice because they are better in terms of quality and fuel efficiency. Recommendations include that while purchasing a bike, engine type, engine displacement, weight, compression ratio, and torque and ground clearance must be seen. If these characteristics exist in a non branded bike then do purchase it because it is not the brand which depicts the quality of a bike but it is the quality which makes the brand famous.We proudly acknowledge the involvement of all the people who provided us the demanded information and assistance and we do recognize their efforts in the highest degree of honor.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Memo of Transmittal 2

Executive Summary 4

SECTION 1 5INTRODUCTION 5

A). List of Few Motorbike Brands 6i). Branded Motorbike Companies 6ii). Non Branded Motorbike Companies 7

B). Quality and Fuel Efficiency of Motorbikes 8i). Defining Quality 8ii). Defining Fuel Efficiency 9

SECTION 2 10COMPARISON

A). Comparison Criteria 11i). Same Category 11ii). Same Displacement 11

B). Implementing the Criteria 12i). Sports/Super bikes 13ii). Cruisers/Choppers 19iii). Off-Road Bikes 22iv). Motorcycles 25

SECTION 3 29CONCLUSION

A). Inference Graph 29B). Recommendation Table 30

REFERENCES 31

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The research report aims to highlight the major differences between branded and non branded motorbikes regarding quality and fuel efficiency.A careful research has been carried through an effective methodology which has the incentive to compare the fuel efficiency and quality of few famous motorbike brands with some less familiar brand names and to recommend the better option amongst the two.

The research report has been divided into three sections namely

introduction comparison conclusion

The introduction section defines quality and efficiency of bikes and the factors affecting them, the comparison section marks the differences between products of branded and non branded motorbike companies and the conclusion section portraits the result of the research.

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SECTION ONE

INTRODUCTION

ver since man has wished to invent new faster and reliable sources of transport, that is why an amazingly increase in the production of vehicles has occurred during the last few decades. Amongst these sources motorbikes are considered to

be most popular source, particularly among the youngsters. A limited survey has been carried which shows that most of the people prefer to enjoy the ride of a sports bike over driving a sports car. Amongst the 91.0% of the people who shared their opinion, 66.6% were interested in riding a bike. This increasing interest compelled a number of investors to invest their money in the field of motorbikes. Today a very large number of companies are manufacturing motorbikes keeping in view the demands of the people and the feasibility of the required technology. With the increasing number of motorbike industries the options for purchasing a bike have increased greatly. Undoubtedly there exists a noticeable difference between the products of different manufacturers.

E

This research report is based on the differences between branded and non branded motorbikes regarding fuel efficiency and quality. The scope of the research is worldwide and countrywide as well. For the collection of accurate and updated facts and figures only reliable sources of information are consulted and an appropriate methodology has been implemented which includes collection of information through Internet, survey and interviews.

In order to get a better understanding of the research, the terms branded and non branded need to be explained. In the coming text by branded motorbikes we mean the products of those companies which are famous around the globe and are known as an icon of quality, while non branded bike companies are those which lack fame and acceptance amongst the people. The purpose of this research report is to reveal the fact that whether the non branded bikes are deprived of the quality needed to compete with the branded bikes or they lack exposure of their quality to be acknowledged.

A). List Of Few Motorbike Brands

While differentiating between branded and non branded motorbikes it is required to have a list, comprising of all the names of both branded and non branded motorbike

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companies. Internet proved to be a vital source in achieving this goal. A list of motorbike manufacturers is acquired from the internet which labels the companies SUZUKI, HONDA, KAWASAKI, YAMAHA and HARLEY DAVIDSON as branded bike manufacturers, while a number of companies other then the mentioned ones are supposed

to be non branded bike manufacturers are a comparison is made between the products of both the companies. The list comprising the names of both branded and non branded bike companies is provided as follows:

i). Branded Motorbike Companies

Following are the names few branded motorbike companies with their logos which are renowned throughout the world

ii). Non Branded Motorbike Companies

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Following are few names of non branded motorbike companies.

APRILIA BAJAJ BENELLI

BETA CCM

ITALJET

KTM MVAUGUSTA HUSQVARNA

AJSMOTOGUZZI

HYOSUNG

B). Quality and Fuel Efficiency of Motorbikes

Although the two terms quality and fuel efficiency seem to be quite simpler but they are not. A number of factors are required to be examined while making decision

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about the quality and efficiency of a bike. So, a great need exists here to explain the criterion for the judgment of a bike’s performance.

i). Defining Quality

In the event of bike selection, examination of its quality is the vital consideration. By the quality we mean the quality of the engine, but it is not the only headache, it includes determination of all the factors which directly or indirectly affect the bike performance. These factors demand the understanding of complex mechanical theories but are briefly explained here

Engine Displacement: It is defined as the maximum amount of the fuel (mixed with air) which can be drawn into the cylinder(s) in one complete cycle of the engine. Generally it is defined in cubic centimeters (cc) or liters (l). Following shows the amount of fuel displaced (shown as shaded) in one complete engine cycle.

The greater the engine displacement the more ignition is taking place inside the engine at any instant and more power is delivered by the engine.

Compression Ratio: It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the cylinder at its peak bottom stroke to the volume at its peak top stroke. Higher compression ratio (like 12+:1) depicts better engine performance.

Horsepower: It is the measure of the work an engine does in a specified time. Engine with greater horsepower is considered to have better performance.

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1 Horsepower = 33,000 ft. pounds / minute

Ride Height (Ground clearance): It is defined as the minimum elevation of the vehicle (motorbike) from the ground. Lesser ride heights enable low center of gravity and therefore better road grip it is specially considered in four wheel vehicles.

ii). Defining Fuel Efficiency

Due to the increasing prices of fuel, fuel economic engines are a major preference today. By efficiency we mean the ratio of the output power to the input power. This means that an engine that delivers maximum power in the minimum fuel is the most efficient, however such consideration is ideal. In practical engines deliver output which is a relatively small percentage of the input power. This is due to the loss of energy in overcoming internal and road friction.

Generally, by fuel efficiency we mean the amount of fuel consumed in traveling through a certain distance or the mileage covered by the bike in one liter of fuel. Therefore, it is measured in Kilometers/liter or miles/gallon or liters/100 Kilometers.Undoubtedly, an engine with a large engine displacement will consume more fuel as compared to an engine having less engine displacement but this doesn’t harm the fuel efficiency because for a large engine (i.e. having greater displacement) installed in a bike the output must increase in response to the increase in the input.

It is mentionable that quality and fuel efficiency of a bike are inter-related. The fuel efficiency does depend on the quality of the bike and vice versa. This is explained as a bike having a poor quality in terms of material and technology will not give a satisfactory fuel economy and a bike having a poor fuel economy would not be recognized as a quality bike.

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SECTION TWO

COMPARISON

ince we have determined in the previous section the factors affecting the quality and fuel efficiency of a motorbike, we are somehow able to compare any two bikes and select the best of them. Of course, we would like to compare a branded

motorbike with a non branded one. This comparison will ultimately help us in deciding that which bike is better either a branded bike or non branded bike, which is the incentive of our research. The comparison is based on the factors of quality and fuel efficiency defined in the previous section but few other considerations are also to be taken before reaching a final conclusion.

S

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A). Comparison Criteria

A suitable comparison criterion is needed in order to compare any two bikes and to reach an unbiased decision. Those bikes which fulfill the criteria are to be compared.

i). Same Category

Different types of bikes are manufactured by industries keeping in view the demand of the people and the purpose for which the bikes are going to be used. This compels us to formulate a comparison criterion regarding category of the bikes. Same category means that the two bikes being compared should fall in the same bike class. This has the incentive of conducting an unbiased comparison because comparison between same bike types will reveal useful results. Most of the companies categorize their bikes in the following types/classes:

Sports bike Cruiser Off road bike Motocross Standard bike Touring Bike Dual Sport Scooter

ii). Same Displacement

To reach a definite conclusion bike categories with similar engine displacement are required to be compared. However some difference in the engine displacement is negligible. This means that if a branded sports bike having an engine displacement of 600cc is to be compared with a non branded motorbikethen it must be compared with a 600cc (+ some percentage) non branded sports bike.

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B). Implementing the Criteria

Few branded and non branded motorbikes meeting the specified criteria are compared in the coming pages. The list of the bikes compared according to the bike category is mentioned below

i).______SPORTS__________________________

HONDA FIREBLADE V.S APRILIA RSV 1000

SUZUKI GSX 750 R V.S MV AUGUSTA BRUTALE 750 & MOTOGUZZI BREVA 750

ii).______CRUISERS_______________________

HARLEY DAVIDSON V ROD V.S SUZUKI BOULEVARD C50T

iii).______OFF ROAD_______________________

SUZUKI RM125 V.S HYOSUNG RX125D & AJS Y-X R 125

iv).______MOTORCYCLES__________________

HONDA CG 125 V.S AJS ECO 125

HONDA CD 70 V.S HI-SPEED 70 & GEO 70

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i). SPORTS BIKES / SUPER BIKES

image : YAMAHA YZF R1________________www.wikipedia.com

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1000 cc bikes

HONDA CBR 1000RR

The CBR1000RR (also known as the Fireblade) is a 999 cc (60.9 cu in) liquid-cooled inline four-cylinder Honda sport bike that was introduced in 2004 to replace the CBR954RR. Many of the new technologies introduced in the Honda CBR600RR, a direct decedent of the RC211V, were used in the new CBR1000RR such as a lengthy swingarm, Unit Pro-Link rear suspension, and Dual Stage Fuel Injection System (DSFI).

Specifications

Engine Type 999 cc (60.9 cu in) liquid-cooled inline four-cylinderBore/Stroke 76 mm (3 in) x 55.1 mm (2.2 in)Compression Ratio

12.3:1

Valve Train DOHC; four valves per cylinderCarburetion Dual Stage Fuel Injection (DSFI)

IgnitionComputer-controlled digital transistorized with three-dimensional mapping

Transmission Close-ratio six-speedFinal Drive #530 O-ring sealed chain

Front Suspension

43 mm (1.7 in) inverted HMAS cartridge fork with spring-preload, rebound and compression-damping adjustability; 4.7 in (119 mm) travel

Rear Suspension

Unit Pro-Link HMAS single shock with spring pre-load, rebound and compression damping adjustability; 5.4 in (137 mm) travel

Front BrakesDual radial-mounted four-piston calipers with full-floating 320 mm (12.6 in) discs

Rear Brakes Single 220 mm (8.7 in) disc with single-piston caliperMax. Power Output

178.0 hp (133 kW) @ 12,000 rpm

APRILIA RSV 1000R

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The Aprilia RSV1000R is a super bike manufactured by Aprilia from 2004. Production is set to end in 2008. Along with the bike's redesign Aprilia renamed the RSV from RSV Mille to RSV1000R. It is offered in three versions, RSV1000R, while the "R" designation on the RSV Mille signified the higher spec version, the RSV1000R is the standard version. The higher spec version is called RSV1000R Factory. Aprilia also made a limited edition version called RSV1000R Nera. The technical specifications of the bike are as follows:

Manufacturer ApriliaProduction 2004-Predecessor Aprilia RSV MilleSuccessor Aprilia RSV 4Class super bikeEngine 998 cc V-twin, 4-stroke, liquid cooledTop speed 270 km/h (168 mph)

Power105.24 kW (143.09 PS/141.13 hp) @ 10000 rpm

Torque10.3 kg·m (101 N·m/75 ft·lbf) @ 8000 rpm

Transmission 6-speed, chain driveBrakes Front: Dual disc, Rear: single discWheelbase 1415 mm (55.7 in)Seat height 825 mm (32.5 in)Weight 189 kg (417 lb)Fuel capacity 21 litres (1,281.5 cu in)

The comparison of the factors described in the section one shows that the branded bike HONDA CBR 1000 RR is better than the non branded APRILIA RSV 1000R.

750 cc bikes

MV AUGUSTA BRUTALE 750

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MV Augusta Brutale is 750cc sports bike and its technical specifications are provided below:

Specifications:

ENGINE Type

Four cylinder, 4 stroke, 16 valve

Timing system “D.O.H.C”, radial valve

Total displacement 45.7 cu. in.

Compression ratio 12:1

Bore x stroke 2.9 in. x 1.7 in.

Max. horse power - r.p.m. (at the crankshaft)

93.4 Kw (127 CV) at 12500 r.p.m. - Lim. 13100 r.p.m.

Max. torque - r.p.m. 7.9 Kgm at 10500

Maximum speed* 155.3 mph electronically limited

Wheelbase 55.65 in.

Min. ground clearance 5.32 in.

Dry weight 407.9 lb

Fuel tank capacity 4.16 Brit. gal.

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SUZUKI GSX 750 R

Suzuki is a very popular motorbike company throughout the world. Suzuki stepped in the bike industry in 1952 by introducing their first 36cc engine. In a very less time the company gained fame and acceptance the world over.

Specifications

Engine: 749cc, 4-stroke, four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, DOHC, 16-valve

Bore Stroke: 70.0 x 48.7mmCompression Ratio:

12.5:1

Fuel System: Fuel InjectionLubrication: Wet SumpIgnition: Digital/transistorizedTransmission: 6-speed, constant meshFinal Drive: #525 chainOverall Length:

2040mm (80.3 in.)

Overall Width:

715mm (28.1 in.)

Overall Height:

1125mm (44.3 in.)

Seat Height: 810mm (31.9 in.)Ground Clearance:

130mm (5.1 in.)

Wheelbase: 1400mm (55.1 in.)Dry Weight: 165 kg (363 lbs)Suspension Front:

Inverted telescopic, coil spring, fully adjustable spring preload, rebound and 2-way adjustable compression damping

Suspension Rear:

Link-type, gas/oil damped, fully adjustable spring preload, 2-way adjustable compression and rebound damping

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MOTOGUZZI BREVA 750

ENGINE Type 90° V-Twin, four-stroke

Cooling system Air cooled

Displacement 744 cc

Bore and stroke 3.15” x 2.9” (80 mm x 74 mm)

Compression ratio

9.6 : 1

Timing systemTwo overhead valves moved by light alloy push-rods

Maximum power 35.5 kW at (48.28 HP) 6,800 rpm

Maximum torque 54.7 Nm at 3,600 rpm

Fuel system Weber-Marelli electric injection

Starting system Electric

Gearbox 5 speed

Primary drive By helical gears, ratio 16/21 = 1:1.3125

Secondary drive Shaft drive, ratio 8/33 = 1:4.825

Clutch Single disc dry with cush drive

It can be clearly seen that the result of the comparison is in favor of the branded bike SUZUKI GSX 750 R in comparison with MV AUGUSTA BRUTALE 750 and MOTO GUZZI BREVA 750.

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ii). CRUISERS / CHOPPERS

Harley Davidson motorbike

In the category of cruisers, Harley Davidson Company is regarded as expert therefore a comparison is done between a cruiser of Harley Davidson and a cruiser of Suzuki.

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HARLEY DAVIDSON - V ROD

V rod is one of the most popular products of Harley Davidson company and is known throughout the world for its unique features.

Specifications

Engine Displacement 1131 cc --69.00 ci

Bore × Stroke 3.94 × 2.84 inches

Fuel System Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)

Compression Ratio 11.3:1

Ground Clearance 5.0 inches

Wheelbase 67.2 inches

Fuel Capacity 5.0 gallons

Fuel Mileage (estimated)

47.7 mpg highway ---37.4 mpg city

Dry Weight 637.0 pounds

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SUZUKI BOULEVARD C50T

Suzuki boulevard is a remarkable cruiser bike with the features: Custom-designed, height adjustable windshield provides classic styling and full wind protection - includes unique chrome garnish with Boulevard emblem, Attractive studded seats, plus matching touring-style backrest with unique pivoting backrest pad for increased passenger comfort.

Specifications

Engine: 50 cubic inch, four-stroke, liquid cooled, 45 degree V-twin, SOHC, 8-valves, TSCC

Bore Stroke: 83.0 x 74.4mmCompression Ratio:

9.4:1

Ignition: DigitalTransmission: 5-speedFinal Drive: Shaft DriveGround Clearance:

140mm (5.5 in.)

Wheelbase: 1655mm (65.2 in.)Dry Weight: 257kg (567 lbs.)Brakes Front: Single hydraulic discBrakes Rear: Single drumFuel Tank Capacity:

15.5 liter (4.1 gal.)

The comparison shows that both bikes compete well with each other, however the traditional cruiser Harley is quite better.

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iii). MOTOCROSS / OFF ROAD BIKES

Image Kawasaki KX 65

HYOSUNG RX125D

Hyosung is a non branded company which manufactures sports and off road bikes. Hyosung RX125D is an a 125cc off road bike, its technical specification is given as under:

Specifications

Full length(mm) 2,190

Full width(mm) 840

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1,160295125

4 stroke,Air/Oil cooled

Full height(mm)Ground clearance(mm)Dry mass(kg)

Engine system DisplacementCarburetorStarter system

124.5

Piston Valve Type

Electric / Kick

Clutch Wet Multi-Plate TypeGear Box

1Down-4Up

2.75-21 45PTire (Front)

Tire (Rear) 4.10-18 59p

Suspension (Front) Telescopic and Up/Down

Suspension (Rear) Swing Arm

Brake (Front) Disk

Brake (Rear) Drum

Fuel tank(ℓ) 8

AJS Y-X R 125

AJS YX R 125 has the following key features:Outstanding comparable quality, excellent value, Sturdy construction, Single cylinder, four valve, 4-stroke SOHC engine, Enduro styling, Excellent handling, High fuel economy

Specifications

Engine type 4 stroke, air & oil cooled single cylinder, 4 valves

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Cylinder capacity 124cc

Bore x stroke 57.0mm x 48.8mm

Starting method Electric and Kick start

Transmission 5 speed gearbox. Chain drive.

Gear ratios 1) 35.747 2) 23.216 3) 17.783 4) 13.584 5)11.868

Ignition Coil CDI

Tyres F <> R Front 275 - 21 - Rear 410 - 18

Suspension F / R USD Tele' forks / single rear shock with linkage

WheelsFront 21" - Rear 18", Heavy duty wire spoke - chrome rims.

Fuel tank capacity 8 litres (1.76 gal)

Wheel base 1434mm (56")

Unladen weight 125kg

SUZUKI RM 125

The new RM 125 comprises of the following features:124cc, 2-stroke, liquid cooled engine featuring a 54.0mm x 54.5mm bore

and stroke.An aluminum alloy cylinder bore plated with Suzuki Composite Electrochemical Material (SCEM) for optimum heat transfer and maximum durability Digital CDI to match ignition timing to throttle inputs for improved low rpm engine response.

Specifications

Engine: 124.0cc, two-stroke, single cylinder, liquid-cooled, AETC, crankcase reed

Bore Stroke: 54.0 x 54.5mmCompression Ratio:

8.3:1/9.9:1

Transmission: 6-speedFinal Drive: #520 chainOverall Length: 2145mm (84.4 in.)Overall Width: 830mm (32.7 in.)Overall Height: 1275mm (50.2 in.)Seat Height: 950mm (37.4 in.)

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Ground Clearance:

350mm (13.8 in.)

Dry Weight: 87kg (192 lbs.)Suspension Front:

Telescopic, 22 compression & 20 rebound settings, 12.2 inches of wheel travel

Suspension Rear: Link-type, spring preload fully-adjustable, 4 high-speed, 16 low-speed compression settings, 19 rebound settings, 12.2 inches of wheel travel

Brakes Front: Single hydraulic discBrakes Rear: Single hydraulic disc

It is found that the branded motorbike SUZUKI RM 125 is better in quality and performance as compared to the non branded HYOSUNG RX125D and the AJS YXR 125.

iv). MOTORCYCLES

125 cc bikes

This type of motorbike is more commonly used in Pakistan. A number of new companies have invested in the motorcycles industry in Pakistan and have received a positive response from the people. In Pakistan, the price of a bike is given more importance therefore the products of non branded companies are selling increasingly day by day.

ATLAS HONDA CG 125

Amongst the popular bikes commonly used in Pakistan, Honda CG 125 is particularly famous. Atlas Honda 125 is a 125cc motorcycle manufactured in Pakistan. It is a 4-stroke, all-purpose naked bike with a top speed of around 105Km/h (65 mph) and a single cylinder engine capable of generating 11 horse power. Its performance and cheap price make it a good option for people in East Asian countries.

Specifications

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Displacement 125cc

Engine Type Single Cylinder

Max RPM 10,000

Fuel System Carburator

Valves per cylinder 2

Fuel control Overhead Valves

Ignition Capacitor Discharge Ignition

Starter Kick

Cooling system Air

Gearbox 4-speed

Transmission type Final drive Chain

Horsepower 11

AJS ECO 125 (JS 125 E)

The engine's balance shaft technology, makes the Eco 125's ride much smoother. Its key features are: Light and easy to handle, Outstanding quality and value for money, Ultra smooth balance shaft OHC engine, High fuel economy and low running costs.

Specifications

Engine type 4 stroke, OHC, with Balance Shaft

Cylinder capacity 124ccBore x Stroke 54mm x 54mm Starting method Electric & Kick Start Transmission 5 speed gearbox. Chain drive.Clutch Hand operated, wet multi - plateIgnition Coil, CDIBattery 12v

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Tyres F <> R Tubeless 2.75-18 <> 90/90-18

Suspension F / RTele' forks / Adjustable load, oil damped twin shocks

Brakes F / R Disc / Drum Fuel tank capacity 10 litres (2 gal)Seat height 76cm (30") Wheel base 108cm (42.5") Max net power (approx) 7.5kw (10.06hp) @ 8000 rev/min.Unladen weight 114kg Max permissible load 170.4kg

70 cc bikes

Interviews have been conducted in order to collect information about the non branded bikes available in Pakistan. Some information about the non branded bikes collected through interviews is given as under:

HI SPEED 70

Specifications

Displacement 72cc

Bore x Stroke 47 x 41.4mm

Compression 8.08:1

Spark plug NDK: C7HSA

Dry Weight 82 kg

GEO 70

Specifications

Displacement 78cc

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Bore x Stroke 47 x 41.4mm

Compression 8.8:1

Ground clearance 5.3 in

Dry Weight 82 kg

ATLAS HONDA CD 70

Atlas Honda company is a branded motorbike company and is most famous in Pakistan, particularly Honda CD 70 has gained wide acceptance in Pakistan. Here are its few specifications:

Specifications

According to the interviews and survey it was revealed that people are more satisfied with the quality of branded motorbikes as compared to the non branded motorbikes. Although the above mentioned specifications are quite similar but the difference of expenses on the maintenance of the bikes makes Honda CD 70 a preferable choice.

Displacement 72cc

Compression 8.8:1

Spark plug NGK-C7HSA

Dry weight 82 kg

Battery 12V-2.5 AH

Front tire 2.25-17

Rear tire 2.50-17

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SECTION THREE

CONCLUSION

ny research without conclusion is aimless. So, reaching an unbiased and unambiguous conclusion is our requirement. We have seen in the section two that the comparison proved to be largely in favor of the branded motorbikes, no

matter which category is selected during the comparison. This compels us to conclude that amongst the branded and non branded motorbikes, branded motorbikes are a better choice because they are better in terms of quality and fuel efficiency. Moreover, with the increasing prices of fuel it is required to have motorbikes with less engine displacement and high fuel efficiency so that the amount of fuel consumed is utilized up to the maximum level.

A

A). INFERENCE GRAPHThe following graph concludes the research

A. Horsepower B. Fuel Efficiency C. Warranty D. Price

E. Resale Value F. Spare parts availability

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B). RECOMMENDATION TABLE

The purpose of this table is to suggest an option in bike selection, to the readers who are interested in purchasing a bike. Those who are unable to decide that which bike they really need to purchase, they must select a bike category and find the following in any bike brand.

Factors Needs Reasons

Engine type 4 stroke It saves fuel

Engine displacement Average (100--250cc) Consumes less fuel

Weight Comparatively large Provides road grip

Compression ratio Comparatively high delivers more power

Torque Comparatively high Enhances acceleration

Ground Clearance Comparatively less Provides road grip

IMPORTANT: If these characteristics exist in a non branded bike then do purchase it because it is not the brand which depicts the quality of a bike but it is the quality which makes the brand famous.

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REFERENCES

The sources which were consulted during the research are mentioned as follows:

www.wikipedia.comwww.ajsmotorcycles.co.ukwww.suzuki-bikes.comwww.mvaugusta.itwww.motoguzzi-us.comwww.kawasaki.comwww.suzukicycles.com

Lahore Autos_Mant Gamri Road,Lahore.

Raja Motors_ Mant Gamri Road,Lahore.

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