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Comparing UK & US models of police (pre-join) education
Richard Heslop, Sergeant, West Yorkshire Police, UK
Pro-PEL Pre-Conference 24 June 2014 Police Professionalism, Education & Learning
Themes for comparison: U.K-U.S.A
1. Structure of policing system
2. Evolution of entry-level (pre-join) training and drivers
3. Market for police entry-level training/education
4. Model(s) for pre-join training ( balance between in-house v academic involvement)
5. Governance/regulation of pre-join training
6. Future of pre-join training/education
Structure of policing systems
• 43 forces versus 18,000 law enforcement agencies
• Diverse and radically decentralised in U.S.A, reflects federated system of governance
• 50% of agencies less than 10 officers
• 75% of agencies less than 25 sworn police
Evolution of entry-level training and drivers
• Mixed market model has evolved in U.S.A to reflect diverse and decentralised police system
• In U.K police training traditionally ‘in-house’ :police desire to retain control
• Drivers for change in U.K relate to economics and police professionalisation agenda
Market for police training/education
• Well established mixed-market approach in U.S.A
• Emerging mixed-market in England & Wales
Models for pre-join training
• Emerging various approaches in U.K i.e: CKP, pre-join degree level programmes, but majority of police training still takes place in-house. Majority of programme based on post-employment model
• In U.S.A nearly half of all training takes place in an academic institution such as college, university of technical school
• In U.S.A training based around Police Academy model
Governance/regulation of pre-join training
• In U.S.A all aspects of training are closely regulated by state level agencies.
Future of pre-join training/education
• Established approach likely to continue in U.S.A
• Some uncertainties in England and Wales such as:
1. Academic level of pre-join qualification
2. CKP: as yet untested
3. Impact of Police and Crime Commissioners
4. Power of College of Policing to mandate and enforce