Comparing Plant and Comparing Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cells

OCS Biology OCS Biology

Mrs. BonifayMrs. Bonifay

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells:Plant Cells vs Animal Cells:SimilaritiesSimilarities

►Both animal and plant cells have Both animal and plant cells have cell cell membranesmembranes that enclose the cell.that enclose the cell.

►Both are filled with Both are filled with cytoplasmcytoplasm,, a gel-like a gel-like substance containing chemicals needed substance containing chemicals needed by the cell.by the cell.

►Both have a Both have a nucleusnucleus where where DNADNA is is stored.stored.

►Both have Both have ribosomesribosomes, protein builders , protein builders of cells.of cells.

Similarities ContinuedSimilarities Continued

►Both plant and animal cells have Both plant and animal cells have mitochondriamitochondria that use oxygen to break that use oxygen to break down food and release energy.down food and release energy.

►Both kinds of cells have Both kinds of cells have vacuolesvacuoles that that contain food, water, or waste products. contain food, water, or waste products. (Animal cells usually have many more (Animal cells usually have many more vacuoles than plant cells do.)vacuoles than plant cells do.)

A Few More SimilaritiesA Few More Similarities

►Both have Both have endoplasmic reticulumendoplasmic reticulum, , where a system of tubes transports where a system of tubes transports proteins.proteins.

►Both have Both have Golgi bodiesGolgi bodies to distribute to distribute proteins outside of the cell.proteins outside of the cell.

Plant and Animal Cells:Plant and Animal Cells:DifferencesDifferences

►Plant cells have Plant cells have cell wallscell walls that provide that provide structure. Animal cells do not have structure. Animal cells do not have cell walls.cell walls.

►A few large animal cells have more A few large animal cells have more than one nucleus, but plant cells than one nucleus, but plant cells ALWAYS have just one.ALWAYS have just one.

►Plant cells have Plant cells have chloroplastschloroplasts for for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not.photosynthesis. Animal cells do not.

More Differences:More Differences:

►Animal cells use mitochondria for Animal cells use mitochondria for energy production. Plants primarily energy production. Plants primarily use chloroplasts to produce energy.use chloroplasts to produce energy.

►Animal cells tend to have many small Animal cells tend to have many small vacuoles. Mature plant cells may have vacuoles. Mature plant cells may have only one large vacuole.only one large vacuole.

►Animals cells have Animals cells have lysosomes,lysosomes, but but plant cells do not.plant cells do not.

Cells & EnergyCells & Energy

►Cells get energy originally from the sun.Cells get energy originally from the sun.► In plant cells, chloroplasts trap light energy In plant cells, chloroplasts trap light energy

and change it into chemical energy.and change it into chemical energy.►The chemical energy is stored in bonds The chemical energy is stored in bonds

between atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and between atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.oxygen.

►Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Matter Atoms are the basic unit of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up is anything that has mass and takes up space.space.

Cells & Energy (continued!)Cells & Energy (continued!)

►Chemical bonds hold two or more atoms Chemical bonds hold two or more atoms together to form molecules of sugar.together to form molecules of sugar.

►Both plant and animal cells break down Both plant and animal cells break down these molecules by breaking the chemical these molecules by breaking the chemical bond. When the bonds are broken, bond. When the bonds are broken, energy is released.energy is released.

►Cells can either use the energy or store it.Cells can either use the energy or store it.►Mitochondria in plant and animal cells use Mitochondria in plant and animal cells use

oxygen to release this energy.oxygen to release this energy.

Cells & Energy (more!)Cells & Energy (more!)

►Cells store energy from food in ATP Cells store energy from food in ATP molecules. When the cell needs molecules. When the cell needs energy, the ATP is broken down to energy, the ATP is broken down to release it.release it.

Cells Using InformationCells Using Information

►The nucleus is the control center of The nucleus is the control center of plant and animal cells.plant and animal cells.

►The nucleus contains DNA.The nucleus contains DNA.►DNA and RNA molecules work together DNA and RNA molecules work together

to make proteins. Cells require to make proteins. Cells require thousands of protein molecules in thousands of protein molecules in order to work well.order to work well.

More DNAMore DNA

►DNA in a cell’s nucleus determines DNA in a cell’s nucleus determines what kind of cell it it.what kind of cell it it.

►DNA has instructions for all of the DNA has instructions for all of the cell’s activities.cell’s activities.

►DNA doubles when a cell divides.DNA doubles when a cell divides.