Comparing Comparing Forms of Forms of

GovernmentGovernmentChapter 2 NotesChapter 2 Notes

What has been the What has been the evolution of government?evolution of government?

PrehistoricPrehistoric Few elders as Few elders as

leadersleaders Simple to rule Simple to rule

a small group a small group of hunters and of hunters and gatherersgatherers

What has been the What has been the evolution of government?evolution of government?

As society As society evolves…evolves… Farming= Farming=

permanent permanent settlementssettlements

New problems and New problems and conflictsconflicts

The Ancient The Ancient City-stateCity-state Sovereign state Sovereign state

consisting of a city and consisting of a city and the surrounding areathe surrounding area

3000 B.C. – Tigris and 3000 B.C. – Tigris and Euphrates river valley - Euphrates river valley - desertdesert

SumeriansSumerians Rule over water Rule over water

distributiondistribution Battles vs other city Battles vs other city

statesstates The 1The 1stst empires empires KingsKings

The Greeks and RomansThe Greeks and Romans

Athens transforms Athens transforms into the city-state into the city-state into a into a direct direct democracydemocracy

People directly make People directly make decisionsdecisions

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic Representative Representative

(indirect) democracy(indirect) democracy

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

Rome fallsRome falls Small parcels of Small parcels of

land across Europe land across Europe ruled by lords.ruled by lords.

Use of Use of feudalismfeudalism to to manage the parcelsmanage the parcels

Use of land in Use of land in exchange for exchange for military and/or military and/or other servicesother services

L’etat c’est moiL’etat c’est moi

1200’s1200’s Feudal system Feudal system

declinesdeclines Absolute monarchsAbsolute monarchs

take their placetake their place Hereditary rulers Hereditary rulers

who claimed who claimed unlimited powerunlimited power

Divine Right TheoryDivine Right Theory King Louis XIV of King Louis XIV of

France France

Is the power of a monarch Is the power of a monarch limited?limited?

Revolutions have proven that the power Revolutions have proven that the power is limitedis limited

Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy Power limited by an outline of powerPower limited by an outline of power

Constitutional democracyConstitutional democracy Democratic government based on a written Democratic government based on a written

documentdocument UNTESTED!!!!!!!!!!!! America will try itUNTESTED!!!!!!!!!!!! America will try it

Authoritarian regimeAuthoritarian regime State control over the lives of the citizensState control over the lives of the citizens

TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

TotalTotal control over the lives’ of the control over the lives’ of the citizenscitizens

Has taken on three forms:Has taken on three forms:

2020thth Century Examples Century Examples

CommunismCommunism An economic systemAn economic system

State should control the economyState should control the economy Single political party controlsSingle political party controls Based on Karl Marx’s theoryBased on Karl Marx’s theory Equality and security for allEquality and security for all

Government ownership of land, factories, and Government ownership of land, factories, and resourcesresources

FascismFascism

Extreme Extreme nationalismnationalism

All serve the stateAll serve the state Military is glorifiedMilitary is glorified Dictator holds Dictator holds

supreme powersupreme power A bundle of sticks A bundle of sticks

bundled together bundled together cannot be brokencannot be broken

NazismNazism

Nazi Party hold Nazi Party hold supreme powersupreme power

Racial superiorityRacial superiority ExpansionExpansion Rejects democracy Rejects democracy

and civil libertiesand civil liberties