Comparing effects of various types of Comparing effects of
various types of geomagnetic disturbances on the winter lower
geomagnetic disturbances on the winter lower
atmosphere in the Northern Hemisphereatmosphere in the Northern
HemisphereJosef Bochníček and Pavel Hejda
Geophysical Institute of the Academy of Sciences,141 31 Prague,
Czech Republic
e-mail: [email protected], 14 – 18 November 2005,
ESA-ESTEC
15-Feb 19-Feb 23-Feb 27-Feb 3-Mar
0.1
1
10
Prot
on F
lux > 10 MeV
> 30 MeV > 60 MeV
-160
-80
0
Dst
Inde
x
020406080
Ap
Inde
x
Deviations of Geopotential Height17 Feb 1999 - 18 Feb 1999
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height24 Feb 1999 - 27 Feb 1999
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
ConclusionsProlonged geomagnetic activity as well as isolated
strong geomagnetic storms (Ap ≥ 60, Dst < -100 nT) used to be
associated with tropospheric pressure and temperature field
changes.
6 – 9 days after the onset of the strong geomagnetic storm or
the beginning of prolonged geomagnetic activity a decrease of
atmospheric pressure in the sector 10° - 40° W and the
strengthening of zonal flow over Atlantic and western Europe are
observed. Such changes result in advection of relatively warm and
moist air.
If the geomagnetic storm or prolonged geomagnetic activity is
accompanied by a strong increase of energetic proton flux (Ep >
60MeV), enhanced cyclonic activity in the sector 10° - 40° W, in
agreement with Veretenenko & Thejll (JASTP 66/2004, 393-405),
follows one day after this increase.
Strong increase of energetic proton flux (Ep > 60 MeV)
prolongs duration of tropospheric response on geomagnetic storm
about several days.
The effects of isolated geomagnetic storms and prolonged high
geomagnetic activity on winter lower atmosphere in the Northern
Hemisphere are compared. For this purpose geomagnetic storms with
parameters Ap ≥ 60, Dst ≤ -100 nT occurring in the winter periods
(January-March) 1994-2002, and geomagnetic activity course in
winter period (January-March) 1982 were selected. Pressure,
temperature and wind fields between geopotential heights of 1000 mb
and 100 mb were investigated. Special attention was paid to
analysis of maps of cross-sections along the profile Atlantic-polar
region-eastern Asia.
Deviations of Geopotential Height at 500 mb Deviations of
Geopotential Height at 500 mb Temperature Deviations at 500 mb
Temperature Deviations at 500 mb
Temperature Deviations1 Dec 1981 - 20 Jan 1982
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Temperature Deviations6 Feb 1982 - 8 Mar 1982
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height1 Dec 1981 - 20 Jan 1982
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height6 Feb 1982 - 8 Mar 1982
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
1-Dec-81 31-Dec-81 30-Jan-82 1-Mar-82 31-Mar-82
960
980
1000
1020
1040
slp
(full
line)
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
gph
500
mb(
dash
ed li
ne)
Iceland
1-Dec-81 31-Dec-81 30-Jan-82 1-Mar-82 31-Mar-82
940
960
980
1000
1020
1040
slp
(full
line)
4800
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
gph
500
mb
(das
hed
line)Aleuts
1-Dec 21-Dec 10-Jan 30-Jan 19-Feb 11-Mar 31-Mar
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Prot
on F
lux > 10 MeV
> 30 MeV > 60 MeV
-300-200-100
0100
Dst
Inde
x0
40
80
120
Ap
Inde
x
Prolonged high geomagnetic activity – Winter 1981/1982low to
medium level of geomagnetic activity in December and January was
succeeded by a very high level of
geomagnetic activity in February and the beginning of March
deepening of the Icelandic low warming up in western Europe
Strong isolated stormsFebruary – March 1994
short change of atmospheric circulation after geomag. storm from
6-7 February and prolonged change after
geomag. storm and enhanced Proton Flux from 20-21 Feb.
17-Mar 21-Mar 25-Mar 29-Mar 2-Apr
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Prot
on F
lux > 10 MeV
> 30 MeV > 60 MeV
-400
-200
0
Dst
Inde
x
0
80
160
Ap
Inde
x
Deviations of Geopotential Height19 Mar 2001 - 20 Mar 2001
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height28 Mar 2001 - 30 Mar 2001
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height1 Apr 2001 - 8 Apr 2001
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height10 Apr 2001 - 11 Apr 2001
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
March – April 2001low pressure in the sector 10° - 40° W from 28
March to 8 April caused by two consecutive geomagnetic storms and
quick return to the initial state after 10 April.
February 2000
February – March 1999deepening of the Icelandic low
10-Feb 14-Feb 18-Feb 22-Feb 26-Feb
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Prot
on F
lux > 10 MeV
> 30 MeV > 60 MeV
-160
-80
0
Dst
Inde
x
0
20
40
60
Ap
Inde
x
Deviations of Geopotential Height20 Feb 2000 - 26 Feb 2000
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height13 Feb 2000 - 13 Feb 2000
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height5 Feb 1994 - 6 Feb 1994
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height10 Feb 1994 - 12 Feb 1994
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
1-Feb 5-Feb 9-Feb 13-Feb 17-Feb 21-Feb 25-Feb 1-Mar 5-Mar
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Prot
on F
lux > 10 MeV
> 30 MeV> 60 MeV
-160
-80
0
Dst
Inde
x
0
40
80
Ap
Inde
x
Deviations of Geopotential Height20 Feb 1994 - 21 Feb 1994
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
Deviations of Geopotential Height1 Mar 1994 - 15 Mar 1994
Leve
l (m
b)
800
600
400
200
40 60 80 80 60 40Latitude
20 Feb 1994 - 21 Feb 1994 1 Mar 1994 - 15 Mar 1994
Deviations of GeopotentialHeights at 500 mb
Wind field at 500 mb
strengthening of zonal flow over Atlantic and western Europe
sectors of the vertical profile
Related papers:
Bochníček, J. and Hejda, P., 2002. Association between
extraterrestrial phenomena and weather changes in the Northern
Hemisphere in winter. Surveys in Geophys. 23, 303 – 333.
Bochníček, J. and Hejda, P., 2005. The winter NAO pattern
changes in association with solar and geomagnetic activity. J.
Atmosphere. Solar-Terr. Phys. 67, 17-32.
