8/3/2019 Compare & Contrast Diabetes- Amrit Khalsa
1/2
DiabetesType 1Is an autoimmune disorder
that typically develops before 20 years
of age. The pancreas makes no insulin
or an extremely small amount of it.
Type 2- Typically develops after 50
years of age. The body neither uses its
insulin effectively, or it does not
produce enough insulin.
A genetic disease that is
chronic and depends on
the amount of insulin in
the body. The pancreas
no longer produces
enough insulin or when
cells stop responding to
the insulin that is
produced so that glucose
in the blood cannot be
absorbed into the cells of
the body.
7th
leading cause of
death in the U.S.
Pathophysiology & Epidemiology -
Progressive autoimmune destruction
of B cells (80-90% reduction). (Lewis
et. al., 2010). The body does not
produce any insulin. The major
contributing factor is exposure to a
virus or genetic predisposition.
Accounts for 5-10% of people with
diabetes.
Pathophysiology & EpidemiologyThe body produces endogenous
insulin
but is not enough insulin for the body to
function normally. Majority of people
diagnosed are overweight, however many
have a genetic predisposition. Accounts
for 90% of people with Diabetes. Four
metabolic abnormalities contribute to
development- insulin resistance, decrease
in abilityof pancreas to produce insulin,
inappropriate glucose production by liver,
altered production of hormones and
cytokines by adipose tissue (Lewis et. al.,
2010).
Signs/Symptoms- Long preclinical
period lasting months-years. Manifests
with. include pain, vomiting, and
rapid breathing
Signs/Symptoms- slow healing of skin
and blurred vision.
Diagnostic Tests-
HgA1C > 6.5%,
Fasting Glucose > 126,
Two hours plasma
glucose level > 200, or
random test >200.
Diagnostic Tests-
HgA1C > 6.5%,
Fasting Glucose >
126, Two hours
plasma glucose level
> 200, or random tes
>200.
Clinical Management- typically
insulin dependent. Daily shots of
insulin, often 4 or more times a day.
Clinical Management-
typically treated with a modified
diet and oral medications.
S/S of both types - Sudden weight
loss, excessive thirst, frequent
urination, excessive hunger
Management- Both types need to control the
amount of glucose in the body by means of a
balanced diet and exercise. more vegetables,
fruit, and whole grains, eat fewer animal
products and sweets., it keeps the blood glucose
as near to normal as possible and decreases or
possibly prevents the development of diabetes-
related health problems. Regular exercise is
very useful for the person with diabetes.
Complications- Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Both
types of unmanaged diabetes causes long term
complications including diabetic retinopathy,
nephropathy, neuropathy, integumentary
complications, infection & mental illness. It is
also major contributing factor to heart disease and
stroke.
Complications- increases the risk
in the nerve disease diabetic
neuropathyComplications- may increase th
risk of the heart disease
