COMPARE AND CONTRAST BETWEEN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FROM

THE ASPECT OF PHYSICAL , EMOTIONAL, SPIRITUAL, INTELLECT

AND SOCIAL (JERIS)

By group 2:• Maria binti Abdul Rachman

• Norhanisah binti Harun• Nur Fadziela binti Maidin

TYPES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENTASPECTS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT

PHYSICAL Growth in:• size• weight• teeth• sensory organ• other physical part of body

Development of skills by means of physical growth:• walking• seeing• hearing• working

MENTAL Growth of human brain in increase of ability to think.

Development of thinking skill:• remembering• predicting• creating problem solving

ASPECTS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT

EMOTION Growth in terms of feelings and expressions:• happy• sad• worry

Development in terms of emotional control under specific situation.

SOCIAL Expansion of communication and social circles.

Development of social skills in terms of self adjustment in social interactions.

PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

GROWTH: Occurs from above to below, from center to

all directions. Physical structures affect development of

skills and functions. Takes place from general to specific . G&D generally occur at the same rate but

differ from individual to individual. G&D are interrelated. Unhealthy growth can

hinder spiritual, emotional, as well as social development.

DEVELOPMENT: Mental development takes place from

concrete to abstract. Development of self concept takes

place from egocentric to altruistic. Three main stages of development:

~ physical~ cognitive~ psychosocial

STAGES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

GESELL’S MATURATION THEORYAGE CHARACTERISTICS

Birth – age 4 Smooth period of development

5 – 6 years Transition period; • need for school• peer and rule adjustment

7 – 10 years Smooth period of consolidation & adaptation to new school life.

11 – 14 years Transition period;• associated with pubescence & adolescence

15 – 16 years Consolidation period;• preparation to face adult life

HAVIGHURST’S DEVELOPMENTAL TASK THEORY

STAGES AGE DEVELOPMENTAL TASK

Birth – early childhood

0 – 6 years eat solid food walk able to make gender

differentiation able to form basic concept

of right and wrong

childhood 6 – 11 years

Learn physical skills for play. acquire reading, writing, & arithmetic skills.

Early adolescence & adolescence

12 – 18 years

Use bodily functions and sense effectively

PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT TASK

Sensorymotor 0 – 2 years Begins to make use; • imitation, memory and thought.

Preoperational 2 – 7 years Gradually develops use of language and ability to think in symbolic form.

Concrete opearational

7 – 11 years Able to solve concrete problem in logical pattern.

Formal operational 11 - adult Able to solve abstract problems.Become more scientific in thinking.

ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT TASK

Basic Trust Vs Basic Mistrust

Birth - 12 - 18 months

The infant form a loving, trusting a relationship with the care-giver or develop a sense of mistrust

Autonomy Vs Shame / Doubt

18 months – 3 years

The child’s energies are directed toward the development of physical skills;~ walking~ grasping

STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT TASK

Initiative Vs Guilt 3 – 6 years The child continue to become more assertive and to take more initiative but may be too forceful which can lead to guilt feelings.

Industry Vs Inferiority

6 – 12 years The child must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority, failure and incompetence.

STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT TASK

Identity Vs Role Confusion

Adolescence The teenager must achieve identity in occupation, gender roles, politics & religion.

Intimacy Vs Isolation

Young adulthood The young adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feeling of isolation.

STAGE AGE DEVELOPMENT TASK

Generativity Vs Stagnation

Middle adulthood Each adult must find some way to satisfy & support the next generation.

Ego Integrity Vs Despair

Late adulthood The culmination is a sense of acceptance of oneself as one and a sense of fulfillment.

.THE END. THANK YOU