Comparative Study of Coping Strategies and Job

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2015): 78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391

Volume 6 Issue 2, February 2017 www.ijsr.net

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Comparative Study of Coping Strategies and Job Satisfaction among Nurses working in General and

Psychiatric Hospitals Shridhar C Kulakarni1, Srimathi2, N.L.Ph. D.

1Research scholar, Department of Studies in Psychology, University of Mysore

2Professor, Department of Studies in Psychology, Manasagangotri University of Mysore

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the coping strategies and job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospital and psychiatric hospital. The sample consisted of 300 nurses (150 nurses from general hospital and 150 from psychiatric hospital) drawn from Hubli and Dharawad district hospitals, Chitrdurga, shimoga district hospitals of Karnataka. The nurses were administered Ways of Coping questionnaire and job satisfaction questionnaires. The primary objective of the study is to study the use ofcoping strategies and level of job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The participants were administered the ways of coping questionnaire developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1989) and Job satisfaction questionnaire developed by C.N. Daftuar. The results of the study have shown that General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the difference in using the coping strategies in problematic situations and General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the difference in the level of job satisfaction they experience in their jobs and finally Gender has no significant influence on the use ofcoping strategies and level of job satisfaction among nurses working in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals.

Keywords: Coping strategies, job satisfaction and Nurses

1. Introduction

Nursing profession is completely given for the public service benefit and is the part of open organization. Nursing is a profession in the field of social sciences, whose object ofstudy and intervention is human care, as suggested in the constitution, experience, improvement, insurance, and recuperation of wellbeing, and whose recipients are the human subject as a social being, the family, gatherings, groups, and society as unit of consideration. With anaggregate medicinal services workforce of 2.2 million and a population of more than one billion, India’s nursing density 7.9 for every 10,000 population is well beneath universal measures and is insufficient to meet the present domestichealth benefits needs.

Coping Strategies:

Coping is characterized as ‘the intellectual and passionate endeavors made to overcome stress”. Frydenberg (1997) characterizes ‘Coping is the thing that one does: it is the psychological and behavioral techniques that are utilized tomanage the requests of regular living’. Lazarus and Launier (1978) said that coping comprises of endeavors, both activity arranged and intra psychic, to oversee (i.e., expert, endure, diminish or minimize) natural and inward requests and clashes among them. At the point when individuals endeavor to cope, they attempt to manage contrasts they see between the requests of an upsetting circumstance and their capacity to meet those requests. Researchers have found that coping is plainly an intricate procedure, impacted by both identity characteristics (Bolger, 1990; Friedman et al, 1992;Long and Sangster, 1993), situational requests (Folkman and Lazarus, 1986; Heim et al., 1993), and even the social and physical attributes of the setting (Mechanic, 1978).

Job Satisfaction

Worldwide a lack of nurses has been widely reported innumerous nations. In Australia, an additional 13500 new enrolled nurses every year will be required by 2016, to take care of the demand for nursing administration. Canada isanticipated to be shy of around 13000 attendants by 2016. Additionally, by 2020 the USA nursing workforce isevaluated to be 20% underneath requirements. Nurse’s job satisfactions are basic for nurse’s retention. A significant part of the examination into nurse’s job satisfaction has taken a gander at how to enlist and hold attendants by giving a situation that makes medical caretakers need to stay in the calling. At the point when larger amounts of nurse’s job satisfaction are experienced, there is an expansion in spirit and responsibility which makes it more probable that a nurse will stay in the profession.

Nursing job satisfaction is critical to both social insurance suppliers and patients. Nursing job fulfillment has been connected to positive patient results and a more prominent saw nature of consideration. Nurse’s job disappointment, then again, adds to the nursing deficiency with a resulting unfriendly impact of higher attendant patient proportions, longer patient holding up records and nursing staff smolder out.

Objectives of the Study

To study the coping strategies of the nurses working inGeneral and Psychiatric hospitals.

To study the levels of job satisfaction among the nurses working in General and Psychiatric hospitals.

Paper ID: ART20171076 1344

coping strategies and level of job satisfaction among nurses working of job satisfaction among nurses working of general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals. The participants were administered the ways of coping questionnaire developed of coping questionnaire developed of by Lazarus and Folkman (1989) and Job satisfaction questionnaire

C.N. Daftuar. The results of the study have shown that General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the of the study have shown that General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown the of using the coping strategies in problematic situations and General hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses shown

of job satisfaction they experience of job satisfaction they experience of in their jobs and finally Gender has no significant influence of job satisfaction among nurses working of job satisfaction among nurses working of in general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals.

Coping strategies, job satisfaction and Nurses

completely given for the public service of open organization. Nursing of open organization. Nursing of is a of social sciences, whose object of social sciences, whose object of ofis human care, as suggested in the

constitution, experience, improvement, insurance, and wellbeing, and whose recipients are the

a social being, the family, gatherings, as unit of consideration. With of consideration. With of an

aggregate medicinal services workforce of 2.2 million and a of 2.2 million and a of more than one billion, India’s nursing density

7.9 for every 10,000 population is well beneath universal insufficient to meet the present

domestichealth benefits needs.

‘the intellectual and passionate

Job Satisfaction

Worldwide a lack of nurses has been widely reported of nurses has been widely reported ofnumerous nations. In Australia, In Australia, Inenrolled nurses every year will becare of the demand for nursing administration. Canada of the demand for nursing administration. Canada ofanticipated to be shy of around 13000 attendants of around 13000 attendants ofAdditionally, by 2020 the USA nursing workforce evaluated to be 20% underneath requirements. Nursesatisfactions are basic for nurse’spart of the examination into of the examination into of nurse’s

taken a gander at how at how at to enlist and hold attendants a situation that makes medical caretakers need calling. At the point when larger amounts At the point when larger amounts Atsatisfaction are experienced, there and responsibility which makes it more probable that a nurse it more probable that a nurse itwill stay in the profession. in the profession. in

Nursing job satisfaction is critical

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Hypotheses of the study Hypothesis 1. Nurses working in General and Psychiatric hospitals differ in their coping strategies. Hypothesis 2. Nurses working in Psychiatric hospitals differ intheir job satisfaction compared to nurses working in general hospitals.

Tools Used

Coping checklist: Coping checklist was developed byLazarus and Folkman (1984). The purpose of this checklist is to find out how people deal with or handle difficult situations that they have to face in their everyday life. The list provides some of the common used methods for handling stress and reducing stress. This scale aims atidentifying preventive strategies for suicide prevention. Most of the suicides are impulsive at the stress situations. These situations are overcome through different coping patterns that are used consciously or unconsciously byeverybody but sometimes it is difficult to develop a pattern of coping. Those coping methods by which they found some relief or solution to their problems are identified. There are 66 items, each statement you are using or not in stressful situation that indicates Not Used, Used Somewhat, UsedQuite A Bit and Used a Great Deal.

Whether, each method is used or not in stressful situation isindicated as yes or no. It covers a wide range of cognitive, behavioral and emotional responses that are used to handle stress. There are eight subscales: confrontive coping, distancing, self controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape avoidance, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal. Space is provided for providing their responses for each type of coping items.

Job satisfaction scale Job Satisfaction Scale developed by C.N. Daftuar consisting of 19 items including 2 which measure separately overall satisfaction with the company and overall satisfaction with the work was used for the purpose. The respondents were asked to rate each statement on a five point scale ranging from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree).

The subject is asked after good rapport formation to attempt answering all statements. They were asked to give their responses on five point scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Instructions are printed on the cover page of the test booklet. It is good to reinforce instructions by orally reiterating that the examinee will be doing himself and must be good by being frank and honest in describing himself. Inthe present study all the subjects were literate. So they can read instructions easily.

Scale with the range of strongly agree to strongly disagree responses which are scored 5 to 1 and summed, the possible range of score was between 19 and 95. Higher score naturally indicates a higher level of job satisfaction.

Reliability: Alpha (Cronbach’s) reliability of the two scales used is HRD Climate Scale = .96, Job Satisfaction = .95. This indicates a very high internal consistency.

Validity: Inter item correlation: .67 to .84. 2. Procedure

A total of 300 participants were selected for this study. They were drawn from different government general hospitals (N = 150) and psychiatric hospitals (N = 150) across Karnataka state.

Initially the investigator established rapport with the authorities and employees and taken consent for their involvement in the proposed research. They were briefed about their participation and requested to fill up the bilingual research instruments under study. They were administered Ways of Coping and Job satisfaction questionnaires. During the process of administering the research questionnaires doubts were clarified.

After the data gathered from the participants, scoring was done according to the norms developed by the authors of the questionnaires. Later, comparison was done between nurses of general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals in their use coping strategies and level of job satisfaction. The researcher also found the influence of gender on coping strategies and job satisfaction of nurses who are working inthe general and psychiatric settings.

3. Data Analysis

The obtained data were scrutinized, scored according to the scoring keys respectively and subjected to the following statistical techniques. The data collected have been analyzed using descriptive

statistics such as Total, mean, and Standard Deviation. Independent t tests were used to examine the significance

of the difference between the two groups (Nurses ofGeneral hospitals and Nurses of Psychiatric hospitals) inusing of coping strategies and job satisfaction.

Independent t test was used to find out gender differences in coping strategies and job satisfaction of nurses who areworking in general and psychiatric settings.

4. Result Analysis

The scores of coping strategies are compared between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses byusing independent sample t test. The results of the analysis are interpreted in the following section.

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sometimes it is difficult to develop a pattern coping. Those coping methods by which they found some by which they found some by

their problems are identified. There are statement you are using or not or not or in stressful

Not Used, Used Somewhat, UsedGreat Deal.

is used or not in stressful situation in stressful situation in isIt covers a wide range It covers a wide range It of cognitive, of cognitive, of

behavioral and emotional responses that are used to handle stress. There are eight subscales: confrontive coping, distancing, self controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape avoidance, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal. Space is provided for providing

type of coping items. of coping items. of

Job Satisfaction Scale developed by C.N. Daftuar consisting by C.N. Daftuar consisting by items including 2 which measure separately overall

satisfaction with the company and overall satisfaction with the work was used for the purpose. The respondents were

rate each statement on a five point scale ranging to 1 (strongly disagree).

asked after good rapport formation to attempt answering all statements. They were asked to give their

and requested to fill up the bilingual research instruments under study. They were administered Ways satisfaction questionnaires. During the process the research questionnaires doubts were clarified.

After the data gathered from the participants, scoring was done according to the norms developed questionnaires. Later, comparison was done between nurses of general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals of general hospitals and psychiatric hospitals ofcoping strategies and level ofresearcher also found the influence strategies and job satisfaction of nurses who are working of nurses who are working ofthe general and psychiatric settings.

3. Data Analysis

The obtained data were scrutinized, scored according scoring keys respectively and subjected statistical techniques. The data collected have been analyzed using descriptive

statistics such as Total, mean, and Standard Deviation. Independent t tests were used to

of the difference between the two groups (Nurses of the difference between the two groups (Nurses ofGeneral hospitals and Nurses ofusing of coping strategies and job

Independent t test was used to find out gender differences

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Table 1: Mean scores and Standard Deviation scores of different coping strategies of nurses of General Hospitals and Psychiatric Hospitals and results of independent sample‘t’ test.

Coping Strategies Group Mean SD t- value p-value

Confrontive coping GH Nurses (N=150) 15.94 4.99 2.882 .004**PH Nurses (N=150) 14.52 3.32

Distancing GH Nurses (N=150) 15.76 3.68 3.521 .001**PH Nurses (N=150) 14.32 3.39

Self-controlling GH Nurses (N=150) 15.92 3.15 2.921 .004**PH Nurses (N=150) 14.84 3.25

Seeking social support GH Nurses (N=150) 16.44 4.10 4.899 .001**PH Nurses (N=150) 14.21 3.78

Accepting responsibility GH Nurses (N=150) 10.64 3.57 2.017 .045*PH Nurses (N=150) 9.92 2.51

Escape-Avoidance GH Nurses (N=150) 20.09 5.09 2.357 .019*PH Nurses (N=150) 18.82 4.17

Planful problem-solving GH Nurses (N=150) 16.19 3.76 2.372 0.018*PH Nurses (N=150) 15.16 3.73

Positive reappraisal GH Nurses (N=150) 19.89 4.01 3.657 .001*PH Nurses (N=150) 18.17 4.13*significant @ 0.05, **significant @ 0.01, GH* General Hospital, PH* Psychiatric Hospital.

As shown in table 1, the mean and standard deviations (SD) of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses intheir coping strategies are presented. The mean and SD ofgeneral hospital nurses in their confrontive coping are 15.94 and 4.99, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their confrontive coping are 14.52and 3.32 respectively. The test of significance (t = 2.882, p = .004**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in their confrontive coping.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their distancing coping are 15.76 and 3.68, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their distancing are 14.32and 3.39 respectively. The test of significance (t = 3.521, p = .001**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using distancing coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their self controlling coping are 15.92 and 3.15, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their self controlling are 14.84and 3.25 respectively. The test of significance (t = 2.921, p = .004**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using self controlling coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their seeking social support coping are 16.44 and 4.10, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their seeking social support coping are 14.21and 3.78 respectively. The test ofsignificance (t = 4.899, p = .001**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using seeking social support coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their accepting responsibility coping are 10.64 and 3.57, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their accepting responsibility coping are 9.92and 2.51 respectively. The test of significance (t = 2.017, p = .045**, significant at 0.05 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using accepting responsibility coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their escape avoidance coping are 20.09 and 5.09, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their escape avoidance coping are 18.82and 4.17 respectively. The test of significance (t = 2.537, p = .019*, significant at 0.05 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using escape avoidance coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their planful problem solving coping are 16.19 and 3.76, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their planful problem solving coping are 15.16and 3.73 respectively. The test ofsignificance (t = 2.372, p = .018*, significant at 0.05 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using planful problem solving coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses in their positive reappraisal coping are 18.89 and 4.01, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their planful positive reappraisal coping are 18.17and 4.13 respectively. The test of significance (t = 3.657, p = .001*, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using positive reappraisal coping strategy.

Paper ID: ART20171076 1346

*significant @ 0.05, **significant @ 0.01, GH* General Hospital, PH* Psychiatric Hospital.

table 1, the mean and standard deviations (SD) general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in

their coping strategies are presented. The mean and SD ofin their confrontive coping are 15.94 in their confrontive coping are 15.94 in

and 4.99, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their in their inconfrontive coping are 14.52and 3.32 respectively. The test

= 2.882, p = .004**, significant at 0.01 at 0.01 atlevel) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric

in their confrontive coping. in their confrontive coping. in

general hospital nurses in their in their indistancing coping are 15.76 and 3.68, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their distancing are 14.32and 3.39 respectively. The test of significance of significance of (t = 3.521, p = (t = 3.521, p = (t

0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using in using indistancing coping strategy.

general hospital nurses in their self in their self incontrolling coping are 15.92 and 3.15, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their self controlling are in their self controlling are in14.84and 3.25 respectively. The test of significance of significance of (t = (t = (t2.921, p = .004**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are

using self controlling coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses of general hospital nurses ofaccepting responsibility coping are 10.64 and 3.57, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses responsibility coping are 9.92and 2.51 respectively. The test of significance of significance of (t = 2.017, p = .045**, significant (t = 2.017, p = .045**, significant (tlevel) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using accepting responsibility coping strategy.

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses of general hospital nurses ofavoidance coping are 20.09 and 5.09, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their escape avoidance coping are 18.82and 4.17 respectively. The test 2.537, p = .019*, significant atgeneral hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using escape avoidance coping strategy. in using escape avoidance coping strategy. in

The mean and SD of general hospital nurses of general hospital nurses ofproblem solving coping are 16.19 and 3.76, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their planful problem solving coping are 15.16and 3.73 respectively. The test significance (t = 2.372, p = .018*, significant (t = 2.372, p = .018*, significant (tshows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in using planful problem solving coping strategy.

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Figure 1: Mean and SD scores for coping strategies of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses

Job Satisfaction

Table 2: Mean scores and Standard Deviation scores of Job Satisfaction of nurses of GeneralHospitals and Psychiatric

Hospitals and results of independent sample‘t’ test. Sl. No. Variable Group Mean SD t-

valuep-

value

1 JobSatisfaction

GH Nurses (N=250) 65.28 14.515.712.001**

PH Nurses (N=150) 55.19 16.03*significant @ 0.05, **significant @ 0.01, GH* General Hospital, PH* Psychiatric Hospital

As shown in table 2, the mean and standard deviations (SD) of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses intheir job satisfaction are presented. The mean and SD ofgeneral hospital nurses in their job satisfaction are 65.28 and 14.51, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses in their confrontive coping are 55.19and 16.03 respectively. The test of significance (t = 5.712, p = .001**, significant at 0.01 level) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in their job satisfaction.

Figure 2: Mean and SD scores for job satisfaction of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses

5. Discussion

The results of the present study have shown that there is a significant difference exists between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospitals in coping strategies. The hypothesis states that ‘Nurses working in General and Psychiatric hospitals differ in their coping strategies’ and the results of the study has proved that there is a significant

difference between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in the use of coping strategies in stressful situations or problematic conditions. The coping strategies they use in stressful conditions of their work are categorized in to eight strategies and these eight strategies are again grouped in to two main categories. They are: 1. Active coping strategies: a. Confrontive coping

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and SD scores for coping strategies of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses of

scores and Standard Deviation scores of Job of Job ofof GeneralHospitals and Psychiatric of GeneralHospitals and Psychiatric of

Hospitals and results of independent of independent of sample‘t’ test. Group Mean SD t-

valuep-

valueNurses (N=250) 65.28 14.51

5.712.001**Nurses (N=150) 55.19 16.03

*significant @ 0.05, **significant @ 0.01, GH* General Hospital, PH* Psychiatric Hospital

As shown in table in table in 2, the mean and standard deviations (SD) of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses of general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses oftheir job satisfaction are presented. The mean and general hospital nurses in their job satisfaction are 65.28 and 14.51, whereas for psychiatric hospital nurses confrontive coping are 55.19and 16.03 respectively. The test of significance of significance of (t = 5.712, p = .001**, significant (t = 5.712, p = .001**, significant (tlevel) shows that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ in their job satisfaction. in their job satisfaction. in

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b. Seeking social support c. Planful problem solving d. Positive reappraisal 2. Passive coping: a. Distancing b. Self-controlling c. Accepting responsibility d. Escape avoidance

The differences between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in active coping strategies are discussed below.

The results of the present study has shown that general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses are differ inusing Confrontive coping when they confront with the stressful situations at the working conditions. It indicates that general hospital nurses take more necessary actions and directly confront with problem when they face in their working conditions compared to psychiatric hospital nurses.

In the coping strategy of seeking social support, the results of the present study have shown the significant differences between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that there is greater difference exist between the both groups ofnurses. The mean scores of the seeking social support coping strategy indicating that general hospital nurses seek greater amount of social support while they are working in the hospitals compared to psychiatric hospital nurses. Seeking social support indicates that seeking informational and emotional support from others in the working conditions. Inthe working settings when they face any problems or issues which rise stress of anxiety in them, they try to get or seek informational and emotional support from their colleagues or peer works or from other whoever is available in the settings.

The present study has shown that there is a significant difference exists between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in Planful problem solving. The p value of the Planful problem solving indicates that greater difference found between the two groups. It has shown that the general hospital nurses execute well planned problem solving strategies compared to psychiatric hospital nurses. Inwhich the nurses of general hospitals execute well-structured plans in solving problems which have been raised in the working conditions. When the problems have been raised they try to confront with the problem and try to understand in detail and understand the reasons behind the problems before they execute proper solutions to them. But the nurses of psychiatric hospitals are poor in executing well-structured problem solving strategies compared nurses of general hospitals.

In the coping strategy of positive reappraisal, the results ofthe present study have shown the significant differences between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that there is greater difference exist between the both groups ofnurses. The mean scores of both the groups indicate that general hospital nurses use more positive reappraisal coping strategy when they confront with the stressful conditions

compared to psychiatric hospital nurses. The positive reappraisal coping indicates that create positive a meaning and focus on personal growth. The nurses of general hospitals always try to focus on create more positive aspects by focusing their minds on solving problems which raised intheir working conditions and seeking informational and emotional support from others. They also focus on personal growth. It has shown that they also more concentrate ondeveloping themselves in their career. But the nurses ofpsychiatric hospitals use this coping strategy less compared to general hospital nurses.

The differences between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in passive coping strategies are discussed below.

In the coping strategy of distancing coping, the present study revealed that there is a significant difference exists between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that both the groups are differ in using distancing coping in the stressful conditions. The distancing coping indicates that most of the time when the problem is been raised we assume ourselves that the problem will be solved by itself or we try to not to confront with the problem or stressful situations. The results of the present has shown that the nurses ofgeneral hospitals use more distancing coping compared tonurses of psychiatric hospitals. Most of the time they try toavoid the situations which are stressful compared topsychiatric hospital nurses.

The results of the present study also indicate that the nurses of general hospital and nurses of psychiatric hospitals are differing in using self-controlling coping strategy. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that there is much difference exist between two groups of nurses such asgeneral hospital and psychiatric hospitals in using the self-controlling coping. Self-controlling coping reveals that whenever we confront with the stressful situations orproblematic conditions we try to make put effort as much wecan to regulate our feelings and actions in order to resolve problematic conditions or stressful situations. In this study, ithas been shown that general hospital nurses do use more self-controlling coping strategy compared to psychiatric hospital nurses. They try to control themselves in stressful situations and try to put more effort as much as they can toregulate their feelings and actions which are required for reducing the stress or solving the problems compared tonurses of psychiatric hospitals.

In the coping strategy of accepting responsibility coping, the present study revealed that there is a significant difference exists between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that both the groups are differing in using accepting responsibility coping in the stressful conditions. Accepting responsibility indicates that if the person is directly orindirectly involved in the raise of any problem in the working conditions, he or she should be ready to accept the fault and try to solve with the help of others. The study has shown that the general hospital nurses are ready to accept the mistake they have done and they are ready to take responsibility in resolving them. But this kind of attitude or

Paper ID: ART20171076 1348

working conditions compared to psychiatric hospital nurses.

of seeking social support, the results of seeking social support, the results of the present study have shown the significant differences

between the general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital the statistical analysis has shown that

greater difference exist between the both groups ofof the seeking social support coping of the seeking social support coping of

strategy indicating that general hospital nurses seek greater social support while they are working in the in the in

psychiatric hospital nurses. Seeking social support indicates that seeking informational and emotional support from others in the working conditions. Inthe working settings when they face any problems or issues or issues or

anxiety in them, they try in them, they try in to get or seek or seek orinformational and emotional support from their colleagues

from other whoever is available in the in the in

The present study has shown that there is a significant difference exists between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in Planful problem solving. The p in Planful problem solving. The p in

the Planful problem solving indicates that greater difference found between the two groups. It has shown that It has shown that Itthe general hospital nurses execute well planned problem solving strategies compared to psychiatric hospital nurses. In

The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that both of the statistical analysis has shown that both ofthe groups are differ in using distancing coping in using distancing coping instressful conditions. The distancing coping indicates that most of the time when the problem of the time when the problem ofourselves that the problem will beto not to confront with the problem The results of the present has shown that the nurses of the present has shown that the nurses ofgeneral hospitals use more distancing coping compared nurses of psychiatric hospitals. Most of psychiatric hospitals. Most ofavoid the situations which are stressful compared psychiatric hospital nurses.

The results of the present study also indicate that the nurses of the present study also indicate that the nurses ofof general hospital and nurses of general hospital and nurses of ofdiffering in using self-controlling coping strategy. The p in using self-controlling coping strategy. The p invalue of the statistical analysis has shown that there of the statistical analysis has shown that there ofdifference exist between two groups general hospital and psychiatric hospitals controlling coping. Self-controlling coping reveals that whenever we confront with the stressful situations problematic conditions we try to make can to regulate our feelings and actions problematic conditions or stressful situations. or stressful situations. orhas been shown that general hospital nurses self-controlling coping strategy compared hospital nurses. They try to control themselves

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coping strategy used by psychiatric hospital nurses is less compared to other group of nurses.

The results of the present study also indicate that the nurses of general hospital and nurses of psychiatric hospitals are differing in using escape avoidance coping strategy. The p value of the statistical analysis has shown that there is much difference exist between two groups of nurses such asgeneral hospital and psychiatric hospitals in using the escape avoidance coping. Escape avoidance indicates that the person try to avoid the problem by wishful thinking and putting behavior efforts whenever confronts with the stressful situation or problematic conditions. The results ofthe study has shown that the general hospital nurses use more escape avoidance coping strategy compared topsychiatric hospital nurses. Whenever they face stressful situations or problematic conditions they try to avoid those kind of situations by wishful thinking and putting their behavior efforts as well. But the nurses of psychiatric hospitals they don’t avoid or escape from the situations which increase stress in them, instead they try to face the situation directly compared to nurses of general hospitals.

Contrasts in dominance of stress exert their impact principally in the individual’s evaluation of the unpleasant experience i.e. primary or secondary evaluation. In spite ofthe fact that coping may lead to diminished stress intensity, the adequacy with which one manages distressing circumstances is not inherent characteristic in most meanings of coping (Anshel, 2000). Keil (2004) suggests that coping seems to convey with it a feeling of achievement or disappointment. Nonetheless, Webb (1996) additionally contends that achievement or disappointment is not fundamental to the idea of coping; all responses are some type of coping, what is at issue is the adequacy of these reactions. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) distinguished two methodologies: coping, which reduces emotional stress (emotion-focused coping) and coping, which endeavors tomanage or adjust the problem causing distress (problem focused coping).

In addition to individual assets, individuals have access toassets in their social environment. In particular, individuals’associations with others are a potential wellspring of support during times of stress. The impact of social support onconformity to work stress has gotten a lot of consideration amount of empirical concentration (Dewe et al., 2010). The idea of social support alludes to social systems (i.e., family friends, and associates) that can give a person with assets, both tangible (i.e., emergency money related help) and intangible (i.e., feelings of belonging or self-worth) (Stranks, 2005). Social support has been recognized as an asset that helps people cope with work stress through supportive associations with others (Sutherland and Cooper, 2000).

The results of the present study has shown that significant difference found between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses in their level job satisfaction. The p value of the statistical analysis shown that greater amount of difference found between them. The hypothesis of this study states that ‘Nurses working in Psychiatric hospitals differ in their job satisfaction compared to nurses working ingeneral hospitals’ and it has been accepted since the results

of the study shown the difference between general hospital nurses and psychiatric hospital nurses. The mean values ofjob satisfaction scores indicating that general hospital nurses have shown higher level of job satisfaction compared topsychiatric hospital nurses. The following set of variables might have affected on the level of job satisfaction among nurses.

The following set of variables might have affected on the level of job satisfaction among male and female nurses. These variables are demographic conditions and age, training, years of experience in nursing, assignment and other socio-demographic variables, Personal conditions, Work conditions the second set of variables, reflect state ofmind toward nature encompassing the work and real execution of the occupation and Organizational conditions, the last variable set, compare to components that are outer tothe real execution of nurses’ work and speak to the bigger setting in which a nurse’s employment is performed.

6. Conclusions

Nursing profession is the most challenging job in the present context. In this context lot of factors will affect the nature ofwork of the nurses. In which coping strategies and job satisfaction is the most important one which will affect negatively on nurses working performance, fulfillment oftheir needs and adaptability to the situations. The present study was tried to explore the differences between general hospital nurses and Psychiatric hospital nurses in their coping strategies and level of job satisfaction. It has been said that the working conditions, organizational commitment, attitude towards the work and many more influence on the nurses in their level of job satisfaction and use of coping strategies in stressful situations. The present study tried an attempt to explore these variables.

References

[1] Anshel, M.H. (2000). A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events in police work. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27, 375–400.

[2] Bolger, N. (1987). The manifestation of personality and social resources in coping with a major stressful event. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

[3] Dewe, P., & Ng, A. (1999). Exploring the relationship between primary appraisal and coping using a work setting. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14 , 397–418.

[4] Dewe, P., O’Driscoll, M., & Cooper, C. (2010). Coping with work stress: A review and critique .Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

[5] Frydenberg, E. (1997). Adolescent coping: Research and theoretical perspectives. London: Rout ledge.

[6] Long, B.C., & Sangster, J. (1993). Dispositionaloptimism/pessimism and coping strategies: Predictionsof psychosocial adjustment of Rheumatoid andOsteoarthritis patients, Journal of Applied SocialPsychology, 23. 1069-1091.

[7] Lazarus RS, Folkman S. (1984) Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.

Paper ID: ART20171076 1349

avoid or escape from the situations or escape from the situations or them, instead they try to face the

situation directly compared to nurses of general hospitals. of general hospitals. of

dominance of stress exert their impact of stress exert their impact ofindividual’s evaluation of the unpleasant of the unpleasant of

or secondary evaluation. or secondary evaluation. or In spite In spite In ofthe fact that coping may lead to diminished stress intensity, the adequacy with which one manages distressing

not inherent characteristic in most in most in coping (Anshel, 2000). Keil (2004) suggests

convey with it a feeling it a feeling it of achievement disappointment. Nonetheless, Webb (1996) additionally

contends that achievement or disappointment is not of coping; all responses are some of coping; all responses are some ofat issue at issue at is the adequacy of these of these of

reactions. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) distinguished two methodologies: coping, which reduces emotional stress (emotion-focused coping) and coping, which endeavors to

adjust the problem causing distress (problem

individual assets, individuals have access to their social environment. In particular, In particular, In individuals’

associations with others are a potential wellspring of support of support of stress. The impact of social support of social support of on

6. Conclusions

Nursing profession is the most challenging job context. In this context lot In this context lot In of factors will affect the nature of factors will affect the nature ofwork of the nurses. of the nurses. of In which coping strategies and job In which coping strategies and job Insatisfaction is the most important one which will affect negatively on nurses working performance, fulfillment on nurses working performance, fulfillment ontheir needs and adaptability to the situations. The present study was tried to explore the differences between general hospital nurses and Psychiatric hospital nurses coping strategies and level of job satisfaction. of job satisfaction. ofsaid that the working conditions, organizational commitment, attitude towards the work and many more influence on the nurses on the nurses on in their level use of coping strategies of coping strategies of in stressful situations. The present in stressful situations. The present instudy tried an attempt an attempt an to explore these variables.

References

[1] Anshel, M.H. (2000). A conceptual model and implications for coping with stressful events work. Criminal Justice and Behavior,

[2] Bolger, N. (1987). The manifestation social resources in coping with a major stressful event. in coping with a major stressful event. inUnpublished doctoral dissertation, Cornell University,

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[8] Lazarus, R S and Launier, R, (1978). Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In L A Pervin and M Lewis (Eds), (1978). Perspectives inInteractional Psychology (pp. 287–327). New York,: Plenum.

[9] Mechanic, David. 1978. Students under stress: a study in the social psychology of adaptation. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

[10] Stranks, J. (2005). Stress at Work: British Library Cataloguing Publication Data.

[11] Sutherland, V.J. & Cooper, C.L. (2000). Strategic stressmanagement: an organizational approach (p. 145).Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Business.

Paper ID: ART20171076 1350

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Comparative Study of Coping Strategies and Job