44
Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024 Amanda Moore Torey Birchmeier Modified by Ashlee Gibson

Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

  • Upload
    moswen

  • View
    40

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024. Amanda Moore Torey Birchmeier Modified by Ashlee Gibson. Digestive Systems Overviews. Digestion. Digestion: Breaking down large, ______________________________________ into simpler molecules for use by an organism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Comparative Digestive SystemsTopic 3024

Amanda MooreTorey Birchmeier

Modified by Ashlee Gibson

Page 2: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Digestive Systems Overviews

Page 3: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Digestion

• Digestion: Breaking down large, ______________________________________ into simpler molecules for use by an organism.

• Food enters the mouth and goes through ______________ and ________________ changes as it passes through the alimentary canal.

Page 4: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Types of Stomachs

• _________________________________– Man, Pig

• _________________________________– Cattle, Sheep, Goats

• ______________________________________________________– Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs

Page 5: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestive Tract

• ____________: initial opening of alimentary canal– ________________________________

• secrete juices that contain enzymes to help break up the food

– Mastication• chewing, crushing, preparing food for swallowing

Page 6: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestive Tract

• _____________: funnel shaped muscle between mouth and esophagus– part of digestive and respiratory tracts

• Esophagus: __________________________________– muscle contractions move food down to

stomach

Page 7: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestive Tract

• Stomach: located between esophagus and small intestine– Two basics types

• _________________________________

• _________________________________

Page 8: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestive Tract

Simple Stomach

• Humans, swine, rabbits and horses– Divided into three regions

• _____________________

• _____________________

• _____________________

Page 9: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Simple Stomach

• Digestion:– ______________________________________

______________________________________– Is ________________, enzymes soften and

break down macromolecules of food• enzymes are catalysts, they start the chemical

reactions

Page 10: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Simple Stomach

• ________________ that break down food– Gastric-break down proteins in stomach– Liver and pancreatic-break down fats in small

intestine– Intestinal-break down carbohydrates and

proteins in small intestine

Page 11: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestion Tract

Ruminant Stomach

• Sheep, Cows and Goats

• Occupies 3/4 of the abdominal cavity

Page 12: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Four Components of Ruminant Stomach

• __________________________– composes 80% of ruminant stomach in mature

bovine animals and 30% in young animals

• _________________________________– composes about 5% of bovine stomach– prevents indigestible objects from entering the

stomach

Page 13: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Four Components of Ruminant Stomach

• _______________________________– composes 7-8% of bovine stomach– absorbs mostly water

• _______________________________– the “true” stomach– composes 7-8% of stomach in mature animals

and 70% in young animals

Page 14: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024
Page 15: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Digestion in the Ruminant Stomach

• ______________________: The process of ___________________, _______________, _______________ and _______________ of food.

• Purpose: To smash and break up food which provides more surface area bacteria to break down

Page 16: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of Digestive Tract

• _________________: long, coiled tube connecting the stomach with the large intestine.– Is covered by ________________ which

increases surface area to increase absorption– Food moves through by muscle contractions

called ___________________________– Final breakdown and absorption of nutrients

occurs here

Page 17: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of the Digestive Tract

• Large Intestine– Includes _______________, ___________ and

_____________________________– __________________________________– Very little nutrient absorption takes place here

Page 18: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Parts of the Digestive Tract

Accessory Organs

• __________________________________– secretes ________________which breakdown

fat and starches

• ______________________________– secrets _______________ which digest fats

Page 19: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

The Digestion Process

Page 20: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

The Digestion Process

• Food is broken down• Animals have digestive systems adapted to

the foods that they consume• Four types of digestive systems

– Ruminant(polygstric)– Simple Stomach(monogastric)– Avian– Equine-modified simple stomach

Page 21: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive System

Modified to handle the breakdown of large amounts of fiber

Page 22: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive System

• Mouth– no upper incisors, hard palate– molars for grinding coarse vegetation– saliva does not contain enzymes

• Esophagus – muscular tube connecting the mouth to the

stomach

Page 23: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive Systems

The Four Compartmented Stomach

• Rumen: storage area and fermentation vat

• Reticulum: nails and wire may be found here-hardware stomach

• Omasum: eliminates excess water from feed

• Abomasum: true stomach, gastric juices and enzymes are secreted

Page 24: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive Systems

Stomach (cont.)

• Regurgitation: first step in rumination– large quantities of roughage are consumed and

are chewed just enough to swallow– after swallowing, regurgitation (“cud chewing”)

takes place, food is re-chewed

Page 25: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive System

• Small Intestine– connects stomach to large intestine– food nutrients absorbed into blood– contains bile and pancreatic juices– pushes food through by muscle contractions

Page 26: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Ruminant Digestive System

• Large Intestine– Contains Cecum, Colon and Rectum

• Cecum: sac at junction of small intestine and large intestine

• Colon and rectum: at end of system

– not as long as small intestine, but larger in diameter

– water and some nutrient absorption occurs here– where residue solidifies before excretion

Page 27: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Monogastric Digestive System

Characterized by inability to digest roughage efficiently

Page 28: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Monogastric Digestive System

• Mouth– has upper and lower incisors– digestive enzymes secreted which breaks down

nutrients

• Esophagus– connects mouth to stomach

Page 29: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Monogastric Digestive System

• Stomach – secretes Hydrochloric Acid to break down

nutrients– enzymes such as pepsin also secreted here– churning action mixes food– small and large intestine

• function just as in ruminant systems

Page 30: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024
Page 31: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Avian Digestive Systems

Characterized by several organs not found in other species that are

adapted for grinding hard or encased food

Page 32: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Avian Digestive Systems

• Mouth – no teeth which leads to the saying “scarce as a

hen’s teeth!!”– Salivation excretion moistens food

• Esophagus – has a modification called the “crop” which

stores and moistens food– connects mouth and stomach

Page 33: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Avian Digestive Systems

• Stomach– Contains two parts

• Proventriculus:same as monogastric stomach and provides digestive excretions

• Gizzard: located after proventriculus, very muscular, used to grind food

Page 34: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Avian Digestive Systems

• Small Intestine– similar functions as in ruminants and monogastric

systems

• Large Intestine– similar functions as in ruminants and monogastric

systems– “cloaca”: chamber into which urinary and genital

canals open– “ceca”: aids in fiber digestion and absorption

Page 35: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024
Page 36: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Equine Digestive Systems

Characterized by non-ruminant animals that consume and digest

feeds high in fiber

Page 37: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Equine Digestive Systems

• Mouth – intact top and bottom incisors– molars adapted to chewing fibrous feeds– no digestive enzymes in saliva

• Esophagus– not well adapted for regurgitation– connects mouth and stomach

Page 38: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Equine Digestive System

• Stomach– similar to monogastric system

• Small intestine– similar to monogastric and ruminant systems– no gall bladder to store bile – enlarged cecum to aid in fiber breakdown

Page 39: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Equine Digestive System

• Large Intestine – similar to monogastric systems– cecum (at junction of small and lare intestines)

and colon take up most of the volume of the equine digestive system

Page 40: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024
Page 41: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Accessory Organs

Organs that aid in the digestive process without actually being part of

the digestive system

Page 42: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

Accessory Organs

• Pancreas – produces and secretes digestive enzymes– produces insulin which regulates carbohydrate

metabolism

• Liver– produces bile-breaks down fatty acids– stores iron, handles fats and carbohydrates in

the blood

Page 43: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

The End!!

Page 44: Comparative Digestive Systems Topic 3024

References

• Human Biology– http://ultranet.com/~jkimball/Biologypages/G/GITract.html