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Comparaciones Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠

Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

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Page 1: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

ComparacionesComparaciones

Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠

Page 2: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Tres casosTres casos Look at these three sentences:

◦ Fred is as tall as John.◦ Fred is taller than Bob.◦ Fred is the tallest in class.

The first sentence describes a state of equality between two people. The second and third sentences describe the differences between one person and another (or others).

Page 3: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Igualdad =Igualdad = Fred is as tall as Frank. When we say that two people (or places, or objects, etc.) are the same, we use as… as in English.

How do we do this in Spanish?

Page 4: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Igualdad =Igualdad = Paco es tan alto como Luis.

Marta es tan alta como Ana.

In Spanish, we use the words tan… como to express equality. In between these words, we insert an adjective or an adverb.

Note that the adjective changes to agree with the first person (Paco/alto, Marta/alta) that we talk about.

Page 5: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

PractiquemosPractiquemos Paco es rico. José es rico también (also). Paco es ___ ____ ___ José.

Page 6: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡Muy bien! Paco es tan rico como José.

Beti es guapa. Juana es guapa también. Beti es ___ ____ ____ Juana.

Page 7: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Otro mOtro másás Beti es tan guapa como Juana.

Roberto es gordo. Tomás es gordo. Diego es gordo. Roberto y Tomás son ___ ___ ___ Diego.

Page 8: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡Muy bien! Roberto y Tomás son tan gordos como Diego. (We are comparing one group of two people with one person.)

Did you remember to make gordos plural to agree with the plural subject (Roberto y Tomás)?

Page 9: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Desigualdad ≠Desigualdad ≠ How about this idea?

◦ I’m not as tall as my brother.

Yo no soy tan alto como mi hermano.

Pretty easy, huh?

Page 10: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Otras expresiones de Otras expresiones de igualdadigualdad

We can also describe equality in terms of what people have, e.g., “I don’t have as many classes as my roommate” or “I don’t have as much free time as my roommate.”

We use as many… as and as much… as in these cases.

Page 11: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¿Por qué?¿Por qué? Both sentences have a noun between as… as:◦ “I don’t have as many classes as my

roommate” ◦ “I don’t have as much free time as my

roommate.”

How do we do this in Spanish?◦ No tengo tantas clases como mi

compañero de cuarto.◦ No tengo tanto tiempo libre como mi

compañero de cuarto.

Page 12: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¿Qué?¿Qué? We use a form of the word tanto (tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas) that agrees with the noun.◦ No tengo tantas clases como mi

compañero de cuarto.◦ “Las clases” > tantas

◦ No tengo tanto tiempo libre como mi compañero de cuarto.◦ “El tiempo” > tanto

Page 13: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

PractiquemosPractiquemos Yo tengo 3 amigas. Mi hermano tiene 3 amigas.

Yo tengo _____ ____ ____ mi hermano.

Yo tengo tantas amigas como mi hermano.

Page 14: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

PractiquemosPractiquemos Orlando trabaja 10 horas cada día. Gabriela trabaja 10 horas también.

Orlando trabaja ____ ____ ____ Gabriela.

Orlando trabaja tantas horas como Gabriela.

Page 15: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Un poco mUn poco más, por favor.ás, por favor. Orlando tiene mucho trabajo. Gabriela también tiene mucho trabajo.

Gabriela tiene ____ ____ ____ Orlando.

Gabriela tiene tanto trabajo como Orlando.

Page 16: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Wait! There’s more!Wait! There’s more! There are two ways that we can talk about inequality:◦ John isn’t as tall as Frank.◦ Frank is taller than John. (or John is shorter

than Frank.)

The second way is to use the comparative form of the adjective: taller, shorter, bigger, more handsome, more intelligent…◦ In English, sometimes we put an –er on the

end of the word.◦ Sometimes we use “more.”

Page 17: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¿Y en español?¿Y en español? Frank is taller than John.

Paco es más alto que Juan.

We use the expression más… que to compare two people, places, things, etc.

Note that the adjective alto agrees with the subject (Paco).

Page 18: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

PractiquemosPractiquemos Create a sentence using the word cues. Example:◦ Ernesto > Samuel (bajo)◦ Ernesto es más bajo que Samuel.

Juana > Paquita (delgado)

Page 19: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡¡Bien!Bien! Juana es más delgada que Paquita.

Did you remember to change the form of the adjective (delgado) to agree with the subject (Juana)?

Here’s another:

Carlos > Verónica (rico)

Page 20: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡¡Correcto!Correcto! Carlos es más rico que Verónica.

The adjective agrees with the first person you talked about (Carlos).

One more, please:

Chicago > Miami (grande)

Page 21: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡¡QuQué fácil!é fácil! Chicago es más grande que Miami.

Note these four irregular comparative forms:◦ bueno/bien > mejor◦ malo/mal > peor◦ joven > menor◦ anciano > mayor

Page 22: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¿Qué más?¿Qué más? So far, we’ve compared one person or place with another. What if we want to compare one person with a lot of others?◦ In English, we say “Frank is the tallest in

his family.”◦ Frank is being compared to at least two

other family members.

This is called the superlative form.

Page 23: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¿Y en español?¿Y en español? Take a look at some examples in Spanish. Any guesses as to how this works?◦ Paco es el más alto de la familia.◦ Julia es la más baja de la familia.◦ Mis padres son los más inteligentes de

la familia.◦ Mis hermanas son las más bonitas de la

familia.

Page 24: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡Correcto!¡Correcto! Use the expressions

◦ el más… de (Paco > el)◦ la más… de (Julia > la)◦ los más… de (padres > los)◦ las más… de (hermanas > las)

The article agrees with the person/place/object described.

Page 25: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

PractiquemosPractiquemos Un Ford cuesta $15,000. Un Buick cuesta $20,000. Un Lexus cuesta $25,000; es muy caro (expensive). El Lexus es ___ ____ ____ ____ todos los autos.

El Lexus es el más caro de todos los autos. (or “El Lexus es el auto más caro de todos.”)

Page 26: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Un poco mUn poco más, por favor.ás, por favor. Humberto es inteligente, David es muy inteligente, y Victoria es muy, muy inteligente. Victoria es ___ ___ ___ ____ todos.

Victoria es la más inteligente de todos.

Page 27: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Más, por favor.Más, por favor. Teresa y Soraya son unas amigas muy simpáticas. Ellas son ___ ___ ___ ___ todas mis amigas.

Ellas son las más simpáticas de todas mis amigas.

Page 28: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

Uno para llevar.Uno para llevar. Pedro es buen alumno. Pablo es muy bueno. Eduardo es muy, muy buen almuno. Eduardo es ___ ___ ___ los tres.

Eduardo es el mejor de los tres (or Eduardo es el mejor alumno de los tres).

The irregulars “mejor, peor, mayor, menor” can also be used in the superlative form.

Page 29: Comparaciones Igualdad = y desigualdad ≠ Tres casos Look at these three sentences: ◦Fred is as tall as John. ◦Fred is taller than Bob. ◦Fred is the tallest

¡Ya, está bien!¡Ya, está bien! That’s all folks!