Upload
randall-wright
View
237
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
“Companies fail when they become complacent and imagine
that they will always be successful. So we are always
challenging ourselves. Even the most successful companies must constantly reinvent themselves.
--Bill GatesChairman and Chief Software Architect
Microsoft
The Business World Today
• Constant change!– Technology– Society– Environment– Competition– Diversity
What is Management?
• The process of deciding how best to use a business’s resources to produce goods or provide services– Employees– Equipment– Money
What is Management?
• Auto industry managers– Assembly line: schedule
work shifts, supervise assembly of vehicles
– Engineering: develop new product features, enforce safety standards
– General: plan for the future– All organizations need
managers!• From one-person
businesses to giant corporations
Levels of Management
• Senior management– Establishes the goal/objectives of the
business– Decides how to use the company’s resources– Not involved in the day-to-day problems– Set the direction the company will follow– Chairperson of the company’s board of
directors, CEO, COO, senior vice presidents
Levels of Management
• Middle management– Responsible for meeting the goals that senior
management sets– Sets goals for specific areas of the business– Decides which employees in each area must
do to meet goals– Department heads, district sales managers
Senior management may set a goal of increasing company sales
by 15% in the next year. To meet that objective, middle
management might develop a new advertising campaign for
one of the company’s products.
Levels of Management
• Supervisory management– Make sure the day-to-day
operations of the business run smoothly
– Responsible for the people who physically produce the company's products or services
– Forepersons, crew leaders, store managers
JCPenney
• Supervisory managers run stores and departments– Responsible for making sure the daily operations run well
• Middle managers oversee districts– Responsible for making sure that all store managers within their
district are performing well– Suggest ideas for increasing sales, improving service, or
reducing costs within their districts
• Senior management includes the CEO and senior vice presidents– Make decisions about the company’s policies, products, and
organization– Decision to increase salaries throughout the company would be
made here
The Management Process
• Three ways to examine how management works:– Tasks performed
• Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling
– Roles played (set of behaviors associated with a particular job)
• Interpersonal, information-based, decision-making
– Skills needed• Conceptual, human relations, technical
The Management Process
• Planning– Decides company
goals and the actions to meet them
– CEO sets a goal of increasing sales by 10% in the next year by developing a new software program
The Management Process
• Organizing– Groups related
activities together and assigns employees to perform them
– A manager sets up a team of employees to restock an aisle in a supermarket
The Management Process
• Staffing– Decides how many and what kind of people a
business needs to meet its goals and then recruits, selects, and trains the right people
– A restaurant manager interviews and trains servers
The Management Process
• Leading– Provides guidance
employees need to perform their tasks
– Keeping the lines of communication open
• Holding regular staff meetings
The Management Process
• Controlling– Measures how the
business performs to ensure that financial goals are being met
– Analyzing accounting records
– Make changes if financial standards not being met
Management Roles
• Managers have authority within organizations– Managers take on different roles to best use
their authority• Interpersonal roles• Information-related roles• Decision-making roles
Management Roles
• Interpersonal roles– A manager’s relationships with people
• Providing leadership with the company• Interacting with others outside the organization• Senior managers spend much of their time on
interpersonal roles– Represent the company in its relations with people
outside the company, interacting with those people, and providing guidance and leadership to the organization
– Determine a company’s culture» Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Management Roles
• Information-related roles– Provide knowledge, news or advice to employees
• Holding meetings• Finding ways of letting employees know about important
business activities
• Decision-making roles– Makes changes in policies, resolves conflicts, decides
how to best use resources• Middle and supervisory managers spend more time resolving
conflicts than senior managers
Management Skills
• Conceptual skills– Skills that help managers understand how different
parts of a business relate to one another and to the business as a whole
– Decision making, planning, and organizing
Management Skills
• Human relations skills– Skills managers need to understand and work well
with people– Interviewing job applicants, forming partnerships with
other businesses, resolving conflicts
Management Skills
• Technical skills– The specific abilities that people use to perform their jobs– Operating a word processing program, designing a
brochure, training people to use a new budgeting system
Management Skills
• All levels of management require a combination of conceptual, human relations, and technical skills– Conceptual skills most important at senior
management level– Technical skills most important at lower levels– Human relations skills important at all levels
Principles of Management
• A principle is a basic truth or law
• Managers often use certain rules when deciding how to run their business
Principles of Management
• Management principles are best viewed as guides to action rather than rigid laws
• If a principle does not apply to a specific situation, an experienced manager will not use it– Important to recognize when a principle
shouldn’t be followed– Being able to change and adapt is an
important management skill
Principles of Management
• Do all employees need to arrive at work at the same time?
• Do people who work in offices need to dress in a certain way?
Women and Minoritiesin Management
• In the last three decades, an increased number of women and minorities have joined the workforce– They’ve attained positions as managers in
companies of all sizes
• Women and minorities now serve as the CEOs of prestigious businesses– Avon, eBay, Lucent
Women and Minoritiesin Management
• White men still hold most senior management positions
• In 2002, 16% of the executives in the Fortune 500 were women– 71 of the Fortune 500 had no female officers at all
• African Americans, Hispanics, other minorities– Made up only 24% of the officials and managers
Women and Minoritiesin Management
• Glass ceiling: the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from moving up in the world of business– Steadily becoming a
window of opportunity!