companies and its tools for researchers and students in ......The IIR’s global network of universities and companies and its tools for researchers and students in all refrigeration

The IIR’s global network of universities and

companies and its tools for researchers and

students in all refrigeration and cryogenics fields

Didier COULOMB,

Director of the International Institute of Refrigeration

International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) - www.iifiir.org

Houston, USA

April 18, 2013 International Institute of

Refrigeration

http://www.iifiir.org/

Member Countries Intergovernmental organization

60 Member Countries

Developed and developing countries

International Institute of Refrigeration – www.iifiir.org

The IIR - Members Member Countries

Commission Members (nominated by countries)

Corporate and Private Members

- Private companies (equipment, utilities, food and health products,… ),

Consultants, Universities,…

- Special prices for junior members (16 € under 29, 70 or 60 € under 35)

- Differentiated fees, according to member-country status

- For valuable and updated information

Country

Category

Number of

countries

Number of Commission Members

per country

1 5 30

2 2 20

3 5 15

4 11 10

5 18 5

6 20 3


Mission of the IIR

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is the only independent

intergovernmental organization which promotes knowledge of

refrigeration and associated technologies that are necessary for life in a

science-based, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable manner

including:

Food quality and safety from farm to consumer

Comfort in homes and commercial buildings

Health products and services

Low temperatures and liquefied gas technologies

Energy efficiency

Use of non-ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerants

in a safe manner


Science and Technology Council

E

D

C

B

A

Air conditioning Heat pumps,

energy recovery

Refrigerated

storage

Refrigerated

transport

Cryobiology,

cryomedicine

Food science

and engineering

Thermodynamics and

transfer processes

Refrigerating

equipment

Cryophysics,

cryoengineering

Liquefaction and

separation of gases

E1

D1

C1

B1

A1

E2

D2

C2

B2

A2

International Institute of Refrigeration

The Refrigeration Portal IIR Web Site www.iifiir.org totally renewed with new services

Selection of scientific, technical and economical articles from all over the world, in

various languages, included in Fridoc database, the most important one is its field.

- 100 000 entries

- 3 000 keywords

- 50 000 authors

Expertise Directory: 500 experts

Laboratory Directory: 300 laboratories in 55 countries

Technical files

Thematic alerts

Periodicals

- International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) for scientific articles with peer review.

The best impact factor in its field.

- Newsletter

Tools (1)


http://www.iifiir.org/

Books, guides:

- Technical books, brochures, diagrams…

Reference documents:

- International Dictionary of Refrigeration (11 languages) … for example

Training courses

International standards

Review articles

Informatory notes (for example, « Liquefied Natural Gas: Current Expansion

and Perspectives »)

Tools (2)


Statements prepared for international events:

- Montreal Protocol on ozone depletion:

The latest one: MOP24 (Geneva, Switzerland, November 2012)

- Mitigation of Global Warming and Kyoto Protocol:

The latest one: COP-18/CMP-8 (Doha, Qatar, December 2012)

- Sustainable Development: Rome, Committee of Food Safety (CFS), 2012

Working Parties

Research Projects: Frisbee, CoolSave

…

Tools (3)


Conferences

4-5 IIR Conferences per year and 8 IIR co-sponsored Conferences per year on an average

Tools (4)



http://www.ICR2015.or.jp

- Maryland, USA


IIR main challenges are:

- The quality of the cold chain for food and of the medical applications of refrigeration:

applied cryophysics for medicine and biology is currently one of the most upcoming

research fields;

- The reduction of energy consumption: it concerns all refrigeration and cryogenic

technologies;

- The reduction of refrigerant emissions, because of climate change.

These topics require scientific and technological transfers between laboratories,

universities and industries involved in the various fields covered by IIR activities and

also updated information on the latest updated information on research, technology and

international regulations in theses fields, provided by the IIR.

I would like to discuss the two recent challenges related to energy and refrigerants.

Challenges

Refrigeration and air conditioning represent 15% of global electricity consumption.

Electricity is generally produced using fossil fuels.

International pressure to reduce its carbon footprint.

The price of energy will be maintained at a high level because of costly new energy sources.

Increasing demand in developing and emerging countries.

Energy efficiency can be improved in refrigerating equipment and overall systems. (IIR guide)

Energy recovery: the IIR was requested to help harness wasted energy in regasification plants by using

the cold temperature generated by the regasification (Dunkerque, France).

Energy storage: because of new energy sources such as solar or wind energy.

New sources of energy.

Solar cooling

Hydrogen as a fuel as well as LNG: transport, storage and distribution at lower scales will be necessary.

Cryogenic fluids (carbon dioxide-CO2, nitrogen) to replace vapour-compression systems.

Other fluids like helium are also used for various low temperatures applications.

CO2 capture and storage thanks to cryogenics


The energy challenge

Most refrigeration equipment consists in vapour–compression systems. Most use

fluorinated gases.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) already banned.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) will be banned in the near future: the

stratospheric ozone layer.

They are being phased out within the framework of the Montreal Protocol

(international agreement). However, they have to be replaced.

The easiest way: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

No impact on the stratospheric ozone layer.

Potent greenhouse gases, as CFCs and HCFCs

Included within the list of greenhouse gases according to the Rio Convention and

the Kyoto Protocol.

Their Global Warming Potential (GWP) is currently 150 up to 4 000 according to the

various molecules, compared to CO2.

Fluorinated gas emissions currently represent 1-2% of total greenhouse gas

emissions (eq CO2). This percentage could be much higher in the future (at least

7% in 2050), if no measures are taken, due to an increase of refrigeration and air-

conditioning equipment, particularly in emerging countries.


The refrigerants challenge (1)


A will on an international level to organize a phase down of the production and

consumption of HFCs within the Montreal Protocol on ozone depletion (as was the

case for CFCs and HCFCs).

The USA’s proposal:

a reduction of 85% in 2033 in developed countries and in 2043 in developing

countries (in CO2 equivalent emissions).

Emerging countries would prefer to avoid such a phase-down, considering that the

related negotiations should be part of the overall negotiations on climate change.

The deadline for these negotiations: 2015.

The European Union already decided to implement a phase down of HFCs, along with

some other countries, whatever the decision is made on an international level.

Consequently, many technologies are being developed and are to be developed: use

of new low GWP HFCs, use of « natural » refrigerants (ammoniac, CO2,

hydrocarbons, water, air), use of cryogenic fluids, magnetic refrigeration at low and

ambient temperatures…

The refrigerants challenge (2)


See our Web site: www.iifiir.org

THANK YOU.

The refrigeration sector seemed to be a traditional world until recently: biotechnologies,

information technologies, nanotechnologies, even if they require refrigeration

technologies to be used, seemed to be more “exciting” and “cutting edge”.

However, the need for new technologies in the refrigeration and cryogenics fields and

the need for researchers and engineers to deal with refrigeration-related issues is

increasingly crucial in addressing these challenges. Technology transfers between

these various sectors are necessary and are underway.

The IIR network of universities and companies can help researchers, engineers and

students in all these refrigeration technologies and uses, through:

Its publications,

Its reference documents,

Its databases

Its network of experts,

Its participation in international decisions,

Its conferences, congresses, research projects, working parties.

Documents

companies and its tools for researchers and students in ......The IIR’s global network of universities and companies and its tools for researchers and students in all refrigeration