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COMP 104: Intro to Unix
Week 3
Review of Last Week
Unix file system structure File types and access permissions Create and use directories and files Edit files with vi Use the following Unix commands:
cd, chmod, cp, id, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, touch, umask, vi
Agenda – Activity 1 Introduction to Unix Processes
Foreground Process Background Process Running Processes in the background
& character Suspending Processes
^Z special key Displaying suspended jobs
jobs command
Agenda – Activity 1 Continued
Displaying status of processes ps command
Killing Processes kill, and kill –9 command
In Class Exercise
Agenda – Activity 1 Continued
Standard Input and Output Redirection and Pipes
>, >>, <, | Common Unix Filters
grep, look, sort, spell, uniq, wc Demonstration of Unix Filters,
Redirection, and Pipes In Class Assignment
Agenda – Activity 2
How to use WinSCP2 to transfer files from your PC to einstein.
Unix Utilities ftp telnet pine elm
Demonstration of Unix Utilities Break (10 minutes)
Agenda – Activity 3
Review for Today’s Final Exam
Agenda – Activity 4
Course Evaluation Break (10 minutes)
Agenda – Activity 5
Take the Final Exam!
Activity 1
UNIX Processes
A PROCESS is a program that is executing.
Processes have Input and Output
There are two types of Processes Foreground Processes Background Processes
Foreground Process
When running a FOREGROUND process, the shell waits for the program to finish
When the process is finished, you will be returned to the command prompt/export/home/morris07>
Background Process
When running a BACKGROUND process, the shell starts the process, then leaves
This allows you to execute other commands at the command prompt
NOTE: Handy for programs that take a long time to run and do not need to run interactively.
Running Processes in Background
Type an ampersand (&) after the command to run it in the background
> find . –name java > javaLocations.txt &
Suspending Processes
You can SUSPEND a process by typing ^Z
This will pause the process temporarily. The process can be resumed in the Foreground or moved to the Background:
/export/home/morris07> fg [jobid]/export/home/morris07> bg [jobid]
Displaying List of Suspended Jobs
/export/home/morris07> jobs…
[1] Stopped vi document[2] Stopped elm
-l option gives more information
Displaying Status of Processes
Use ps to report the status of a process
/export/home/morris07>ps… PID TTY TIME CMD19834 pts/7 0:05 ksh19954 pts/7 0:04 ps
Killing a Process
Use kill to terminate a process running in the background
/export/home/morris07>kill {process id}
This sends a signal to the process to end.
That Process Won’t Die!!
The kill command waits for the process to perform cleanup: write to files, close files,etc.
If the process will not end, use the ‘-9’ or ‘-KILL’ to kill the process immediately
> kill –9 19954> kill –KILL 19954
In Class Exercise1. Start vi /etc/motd2. In Command Mode type ^Z3. Type jobs -l to see any suspended jobs4. Type fg to bring last suspended job to
foreground.5. In Command Mode type ^Z6. Type jobs -l to see any suspended jobs7. Type kill {Process ID} to kill the process8. Type ps to get current list of processes9. If the process is still running, type ‘kill –9
{Process ID}10. Type ps to get current list of processes
Question/Answer Session
Standard Input and Output
command terminal standard output
standard inputcommandkeyboard
Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Output to a File with: ‘>’, ‘>>’
ls –al > mylist (creates or overwrites file)
ls –al >> mylist (appends or creates file)
command terminal standard output
command file redirected output
Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Output to a Command with: ‘|’
ls –al | more (passes output to command)
command terminal standard output
command redirected outputcommand
Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Standard Input from a File with: ‘<’
cat < file (passes file to command)
standard input
redirected inputcommand
commandkeyboard
file
Filters
A FILTER is any program that reads from Standard Input and writes to Standard Output.
grepuniqlookspellsortwc
Filters: grep
The grep command searches for the pattern specified and writes these lines to Standard Output.
grep [-cilnvw] pattern [file…]
> grep ‘Easy’ assignments.txt
Demonstration - grep
Filters: uniq
The uniq command examines data, looking for consecutive, duplicate lines.
uniq [-cdu] [infile [outfile]] uniq –d , retains one copy of all lines that are
duplicated uniq –u, retains only those lines that are not
duplicated. uniq –c, counts how many times each line is found.
> uniq document.txt
Filters: look
The look command searches data in alphabetical order and will find lines that begin with a specified pattern (alphabetical characters only).
look [-df] pattern [file…]
>look Amer* Access the dictionary of correctly spelled words.
• Look is not really a filter and cannot be used within a pipeline. • File must be pre-sort file with –dfu options. I.e dictionary, fold,
unique.
Filters: look
Filters: spell
The spell command will read data and generate a list of all words that look as if they are misspelled. This is a very primitive spell checker.
spell [file…]
>spell document.txt
Filters: spell
For example, Mispeel was not flagged
Adds standard prefixes and suffixes to words in dictionary
Filters: sort
The sort command sorts data (using ASCII format).
sort [-dfnru] [infile…] [-o outfile]>sort names -o sorted_namesor>sort names > sorted_names
Filters: sort
Filters: sort
Filters: wc
The wc command counts lines, words, and characters.
wc [-lwc] [file…]
> wc -l document.txt
wc options
-c Count bytes.-m Count characters.-C Same as -m.-l Count lines.-w Count words delimited by
white space characters or new line characters.
In Class Assignment
Question/Answer Session
Activity 2
Transferring files to einstein from your PC
WinSCP3 is software that provides secure FTP (File Transfer Protocol), which allows you to transfer files to and from a PC (freeware) Required for secure FTP to/from the class
Unix server einstein. Required for secure FTP from a remote
location, such as your home or your office Download WinSCP3and view directions at the
CLAS Lab Reference Manual web page: http://www.franklin.edu/programs/comp/resources/claslab/index_html/view
Transferring files to einstein from your PC
Locate the WinSCP3 icon on your desktop and double click to open.
Transferring files to einstein from your PC
Transferring files to einstein from your PC
Transferring files to einstein from your PC
UNIX Utilities: ftp
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) allows you to transfer files to and from a remote network site (machine).
ftp [-dgintv] [hostname]
> ftp einstein.franklin.edu
Uses put and get commands to send and receive files.Type bin for setting binary transfer modeType prompt, to turn off promptingType ls, or dir for a directory listing
UNIX Utilities: telnet
Telnet is a user interface to a remote system using the TELNET protocol.
telnet [-8ELcdr] [hostname]
> telnet einstein.franklin.edu
UNIX Utilities: e-mail
Two most popular mail programs are elm and pine.
Note: Most Unix systems still have the “more basic” e-mail package called mail
pine
The pine program has a menu-driven interface and is quite simple to use. One advantage of pine over elm is that it is very simple to include attachments.
> pine
- Follow the prompts in the menu
elm
The elm program is the mail utility that is most often used. It is more difficult to use, but more powerful. It uses vi to compose messages.
> elm
Question/Answer Session
Break (10 Minutes)
Activity 3
Final Review: Week 1
History of Unix Unix design philosophy The Unix shell, variables and options Unix commands: alias, cat, date, echo, exit, finger,
hostname, login, lp, ls, man, more, passwd, set, setenv, uname, wc, whatis, whereis, who, whoami
Final Review: Week 2
Unix file system structure File types and access permissions Create and use directories and files Edit files with vi (try on your
command line) Use the following Unix commands:
cd, chmod, cp, id, mkdir, mv, pwd, rm, rmdir, touch, umask, vi
Final Review: Week 3
Unix processes Redirection, pipes, and filters Unix utilities (e-mail, ftp, telnet) Use the following Unix commands:
elm, ftp, grep, jobs, kill, look, pine, ps, sort, spell, telnet, uniq, wc
Final Exam PoliciesExam Information
Prohibited Items:
No Books No Notes No Dictionary No Calculator No Laptop No Access to any computers No Writing or scratch paper (extra paper will be supplied with the
exam)
Allowed Items:
Writing instrument.
One hour in length allowed for taking the exam.
Activity 4
Please complete the course evaluation Need a student volunteer to collect and take
the evaluations to faculty services. 10 minute break after evaluation is complete.
Course Evaluation
Break (10 Minutes)
Activity 5
Good Luck Everyone!!
Final Examination