COMMUNITY SCALE ENERGY FROM A FUEL PERSPECTIVE

General Biodiesel Seattle

GENERAL BIODIESEL OVERVIEW

General Biodiesel….…. Produces Low Carbon, Renewable Fuel out of Recycled Cooking Oil…. Is built around Local3

1. Local waste feedstock2. Local biodiesel production3. Local off-take

…. 2mm gallon/year plant now expanding to 10mm gallon/year

WHAT IS COMMUNITY SCALE ENERGY?

Economies of the 20th Century Built on Large-Scale, Centralized Production• Efficiencies of Scale• Built Infrastructure to Carry Large Amounts of Energy Over Long Distances• Belief that Smaller Scale Production “Not Efficient”

New Model For 21st Century and Beyond = Community Scale / Regional Scale / Distributed Production

• Global Resources Are Increasingly Scarce (Security Issues)• Trend Towards Buying Locally Produced Goods & Services• Trend Towards Sustainability (Sustainable is Local By Definition)• Benefits of These Trends

• Communities Become More Self Sufficient • $$$ For Goods and Services Stays in Local Economies• Job Creation

COMMUNITY SCALE ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES

WA Energy Comes From: Petroleum (45%), Hydro/Nuclear (23%), Natural Gas (18%), Renewables (8%), and Coal (6%)

Low Hanging Fruit = Energy Efficiency• Energy Efficiency is Lowest Cost Source of Energy

• Local by Definition• Creates Jobs for Local Goods & Services

• In Washington State As Much As 45% of All Energy Production is Wasted

Community Scale Electricity• Solar (residential, small commercial)• Wind (rooftop)• Small Scale Hydro (i.e. HydroVolts, etc.)• Landfills / Digesters

Community Scale Fuel• Biodiesel• Landfill / Digester Gas

WHERE DOES OUR CRUDE OIL COME FROM?

2%

26%57%

9%

5%

WHERE DOES OUR REFINED FUEL COME FROM?

89% From WA Refineries– Transported along Olympic Pipeline (~70%)– Barged to Pasco from Portland (~19%)– Distributed by truck

10% From MT Refineries– Transported along Yellowstone Pipeline

– Distributed by truck

1% From Utah Refineries– Transported along Chevron Pipeline– Distributed by Truck

HOW FAR DOES IT TRAVEL?

The Washington fuel chain:• Oil brought in by pipeline and ocean tanker from Alaska, Alberta Oil Sands (70-

80% of Canadian imports), Argentina, Saudi, Africa• To 5 Refineries in WA (BP, Shell, ConocoPhillips, Tesoro, US Oil)• Then to Harbor Island, Tacoma, Spokane, other fuel racks (Tankers and Pipelines)• Then to wholesalers (Truck)• Then to retailers (Truck)• Then to end users

A GALLON OF WASHINGTON GAS TRAVELS ALMOST 3,500 MILES BEFORE IT GETS TO YOUR TANK: 638 MILES IN A PIPELINE AFTER OIL EXTRACTION; PLUS

2,568 MILES IN AN OCEAN TANKER TO THE REFINERY; PLUS143 MILES IN A PIPELINE AFTER REFINING; PLUS

37 MILES IN A BARGE; PLUS75 MILES IN A TRUCK

(3500 MILES IS A WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER. FUEL CAN TRAVEL AS FAR AS 13,000 MILES BEFORE YOUR TANK!)

AT WHAT COST?

How thirsty is Washington for Petroleum?• 5.25 BILLION GALLONS OF REFINED PETROLEUM USED PER YEAR

• Gasoline – 2.7 billion gallons/year • Diesel – 1.2 billion gallons/year • Jet Fuel – 740 million gallons/year • Other fuels – 650 million gallons/year (propane, bunker fuel, etc.)

50% OF WASHINGTON’S CARBON FOOTPRINT

52.5 MILLION TONS OF CO2 PER YEAR

COMMUNITY SCALE FUEL – 100 MILES

WHAT’S IN 100 DRIVING MILES?

Population – 4.5mm people, or 70% of Washington State population

100 MILE FUEL RESOURCESNO oilfields (not since 1962) -- 5 oil refineries process 9.5 BN gallons/yr

NO natural gas production

NO ethanol plants

VERY LITTLE oilseed crops currently due to high value agriculture (flowers, vegetables, seeds, berries, fruit, dairy, poultry)

VERY LITTLE Electricity generation for electric vehicles from utility-scale renewables (VERY LARGE Opportunities for community scale electricity)

ONE BIODIESEL PLANT – GENERAL BIODIESEL

IS BIODIESEL AN ANSWER?

Sources of biodiesel feedstock within 100-miles of Seattle:• Some oilseeds grown in Snohomish County (~40k

gallons in 2009)• Waste Sources (estimated to be 25mm

gallons/year within 100 mile radius)• Used Cooking Oil• Animal Fat (scraps)• Brown Grease (fats, oils, grease from grease

traps and waste water)

Total Potential Biodiesel Production from 100-mile sources is approximately 25mm gallons/year, less with current technology

CO2 Emissions

Fuel per Million Btu Biodiesel 38.46 Methane 115.26 Natural Gas 117.08 LPG 139.04 Propane 139.18 Jet Fuel 156.26 Gasoline 156.43 Kerosene 159.54 Diesel & distillates 161.39 Bunker Fuels 173.91 Solid Waste 199.85 Coal 215.20

~3% OF W. WASH DIESEL AND ~0.7% OF W. WASH FUEL