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11
Community Community Relations & Relations & Community Community
PolicingPolicing
““Looking Good Looking Good
Or Or
Doing Good”Doing Good”
22
Community RelationsCommunity Relations or or
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
What is the difference What is the difference between Community between Community Relations and Relations and Community Policing?Community Policing?
33
Police Police Community Community RelationsRelations
Benefits and ProblemsBenefits and Problems
44
Benefits of Good Benefits of Good Police-Community Police-Community
RelationsRelations Greater CooperationGreater Cooperation Decreases in Crime & Decreases in Crime &
DelinquencyDelinquency More Effective More Effective
EnforcementEnforcement Better CommunicationsBetter Communications Better Police RecruitmentBetter Police Recruitment More ResourcesMore Resources Higher SalariesHigher Salaries
55
Problem Aspects of Problem Aspects of Police-Community Police-Community
Relations ProgramsRelations Programs Projecting a positive Projecting a positive
imageimage Irregular contact with Irregular contact with
citizenscitizens Isolated acceptance of Isolated acceptance of
PCR unitPCR unit Limited influence and Limited influence and
respect for officersrespect for officers Focus on strained relations Focus on strained relations
& crime prevention& crime prevention
66
Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Community Relations
Programs (cont)Programs (cont)
Advice on crime Advice on crime prevention from PCR onlyprevention from PCR only
Police accountability by Police accountability by civilian review boardscivilian review boards
Chief reacts only to law Chief reacts only to law enforcement concerns enforcement concerns
Officers focus on racial & Officers focus on racial & ethnic tensionethnic tension
77
Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs Community Relations Programs
(cont)(cont)
Cordial relationship, but superficial Cordial relationship, but superficial trusttrust
Intermittent contact with the publicIntermittent contact with the public
Officer seldom seen “on the streets”Officer seldom seen “on the streets”
Officer is viewed as an “outsider”Officer is viewed as an “outsider”
Citizens do not get to know officersCitizens do not get to know officers
Influence is from “the top down”Influence is from “the top down”
88
Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs Community Relations Programs
(cont)(cont)
No fundamental organizational No fundamental organizational changechange
Citizens are encouraged to Citizens are encouraged to volunteer volunteer
Service providers stay in Service providers stay in traditional rolestraditional roles
Success by traditional measuresSuccess by traditional measures—i.e., crime rates.—i.e., crime rates.
Most staff members are sworn Most staff members are sworn personnelpersonnel
99
Community Community PolicingPolicing
Aspects and Aspects and CharacteristicsCharacteristics
1010
Three Dimensions of Three Dimensions of Community PolicingCommunity Policing
PhilosophicalPhilosophical
StrategicStrategic
ProgrammaticProgrammatic
1111
Philosophical Philosophical Dimensions of Dimensions of
Community PolicingCommunity Policing Broad Police Broad Police FunctionFunction
Citizen InputCitizen Input
Neighborhood Neighborhood VariationVariation
1212
Strategic Dimensions Strategic Dimensions of Community of Community
PolicingPolicing Geographical Geographical FocusFocus
Prevention FocusPrevention Focus
Substantive Substantive FocusFocus
1313
Programmatic Programmatic Dimensions of Dimensions of
Community PolicingCommunity Policing Reoriented Police Reoriented Police OperationsOperations
Problem Solving Problem Solving & Crime Prevention& Crime Prevention
Community Community EngagementEngagement
1414
Three forms of Crime Three forms of Crime PreventionPrevention
PrimaryPrimary
SecondarySecondary
TertiaryTertiary
1515
Primary Crime Primary Crime PreventionPrevention
Environmental DesignEnvironmental Design
Neighborhood Neighborhood WatchesWatches
General DeterrenceGeneral Deterrence
Public EducationPublic Education
Private SecurityPrivate Security
1616
Secondary Crime Secondary Crime PreventionPrevention
Identification and Predication
Crime Area Analysis
Diversion
Schools
Youth Programs
1717
Tertiary Crime Tertiary Crime PreventionPrevention
Specific Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation and Treatment
1818
Components of Components of Community PolicingCommunity Policing
Solve problems; improved Solve problems; improved relations with citizensrelations with citizens
Regular contact between Regular contact between officers and citizensofficers and citizens
A department-wide philosophy A department-wide philosophy and acceptanceand acceptance
Internal and external influence Internal and external influence and respect for officersand respect for officers
Well defined role—both Well defined role—both proactive and reactive policingproactive and reactive policing
Officers take complaints and Officers take complaints and give crime prevention tipsgive crime prevention tips
1919
Components of Community Components of Community Policing (cont)Policing (cont)
Citizens cooperate in setting up Citizens cooperate in setting up the police agendathe police agenda
Police accountability is ensured Police accountability is ensured by citizens by citizens
Officer is the leader in the Officer is the leader in the neighborhood neighborhood
Chief has law enforcement and Chief has law enforcement and social services concernssocial services concerns
Officers educate public about Officers educate public about issuesissues
Increased trust between the Increased trust between the police and citizens police and citizens
2020
Characteristics of Characteristics of Community PolicingCommunity Policing
Long-term, regular contact with Long-term, regular contact with citizenscitizens
Officer is accessible Officer is accessible
Regular visibility in the Regular visibility in the neighborhoodneighborhood
Officer is viewed as having a “stake Officer is viewed as having a “stake in the community”in the community”
Officer is a role model Officer is a role model
Influence is from “the bottom up”Influence is from “the bottom up”
Meaningful organizational changeMeaningful organizational change
2121
Characteristics of Characteristics of Community Policing (cont)Community Policing (cont)
Informal social control is the Informal social control is the first choicefirst choice
Officer encourages citizens to Officer encourages citizens to volunteer volunteer
Officer encourages service Officer encourages service providers in problem solvingproviders in problem solving
Officer mobilizes all Officer mobilizes all community resourcescommunity resources
Success is reductions in fear, Success is reductions in fear, disorder, and crimedisorder, and crime