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Community Planning. Land Use Education Project Charlotte P. Burckhardt, AICP, PCP Principal Planner. Presentation Outline. Why communities plan How communities create a Plan Process Considerations How communities implement their Plan Zoning Site Plan Review. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Community Planning
Land Use Education ProjectCharlotte P. Burckhardt, AICP, PCP
Principal Planner
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Presentation Outline
• Why communities plan
• How communities create a Plan– Process– Considerations
• How communities implement their Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Key ideas students would take away from this curriculum
• Land Use issues affect our daily lives• Communities plan for their future• You have an opportunity to
participate • Think like a planner
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Presentation Outline
• Why communities plan
• How communities create a Plan– Process– Considerations
• How communities implement their Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Communities plan for their future
• Similar to students planning for their futures
– What are they good at now?
– What would they like to do in the future?
– What steps do they need to take to get there?
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Communities come in all shapes and sizes
• In what kind of community would they like to live in the future?– Urban– Suburban – Rural
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Urban
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Urban
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Suburban
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Suburban
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Rural
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Rural
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Why do communities plan?
• To prepare for change--puts the community in the driver’s seat
Why communities plan
Future
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
I-75 and I-696 in 1963
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
I-75 and I-696 in 2002
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Why do communities plan?
• To balance individual property rights against the greater good
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Why do communities plan?
• To create a sustainable community that people want to live in now and in the future– environmental– fiscal (tax base)– societal (someplace people care about)
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Why do communities plan?
• To develop policies for growth and communicate those policies in a document
• A community master plan is the document that identifies those policies and shows what the community would look like in the future (future land use map)
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Waterford Future Land Use Map
Why communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Presentation Outline
• Why communities have a Master Plan
• How communities create a Master Plan– Process– Considerations
• How communities implement their Master Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Type of local government
• Home Rule– The most local unit of government is
responsible for the planning and zoning
• Cities, villages, and townships– Oakland County has 61 local
governments
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Map of Oakland County
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Who creates the Plan?
• Planning Commission is composed of citizens (5, 7, or 9) who represent everyone in the community.
• Residents and business-owners are also asked for their input
• One to two year process
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Planning process identifies:
• Where the community is now
• Where the community has been
• Where the community wants to be in the future
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Master Plan Process
• Collect information about the community
• Analyze the data• Get public input• Review options• Select a preferred future• Prepare an implementation strategy
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Types of Information Collected
• Population• Land Use• Infrastructure• Economic• Natural Features• Other community-specific issues
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Population Data
• Current Population (Census data)– Age groupings– Income levels
• Growth rates from previous data• Population projections
– The population you are planning for.
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Waterford – 1990 and 2000 Census
• Population in 1990 was 66,692• Population in 2000 was 73,150• 9.7 % increase (6,458 people)
• There were 1,568 12 and 13 year-olds in 1990
• There were 1,718 12 and 13 year-olds in 2000
• Increase of 150
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Waterford Age Comparison
1990 2000
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Waterford 2000 and 2030 Population by age
How communities plan
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Age 0-4
Age 5-17
Age 18-34
Age 35-64
Age 65+
20302000
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Land Use Data
• Existing land use statistics– How much land is used for residential,
commercial, parks, or industrial?– How much land could still be developed?– What opportunities exist for development?
• Historic land use– Look at past statistics to see changes in
different categories.
• Development potential– Vacant, underutilized, or redevelopment areas
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Waterford Land Use Map
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Infrastructure Data
• Circulation and access– Hand out street maps
• Water and sewer
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Economic Data
• Where do people work--in or out of the community
• Types of jobs available in the community– industrial/manufacturing– office– commercial/retail– commercial/service
• Employment rate
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Natural Features
• Larry will cover the environmental and recreational topics
• He will illustrate a process to plan with the environment
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Community-Specific Issues
• Lack of– Recreational land or open space– Housing for specific needs– Town-center
• Community character– Housing– Commercial corridors– Image of public facilities– Traffic congestion– Lack of sidewalks
• Growth rate – too fast• Loss of population and need for redevelopment
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Planning Commission asks for Public Input
• Public Meetings– “Prouds and Sorries”– Dot Voting
• Surveys• Visioning Sessions (brainstorming)• Key Person Interviews• Public Hearing
How communities plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Presentation Outline
• Why communities have a Master Plan
• How communities create a Master Plan– Process– Considerations
• How communities implement their Master Plan– Zoning– Site Plan Review
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Methods of Implementing
• Zoning– The legal requirements that govern
what you can do with your property
• Site Plan Review– The process to see how the building will
be sited on the property
Implementing the plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Zoning
• Parcel specific• Regulates
– use– setback-front, rear, and side– coverage of the lot– parking– signage– landscaping
Implementing the plan
COMPARING A MASTER PLAN TO A ZONING ORDINANCE
The master plan is a guide.
The master plan is adopted by the planning commission (elected body may adopt too if desired).
The master plan shows how land is to be used in the future.
The zoning ordinance is law.
The zoning ordinance is adopted by the
elected body.
The zoning ordinance shows how land is regulated today.
Zoning Master Plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Site Plan Review
• Makes sure the zoning requirements for that particular use are met on that lot
Implementing the plan
Oakland County Planning and Economic Development Services
Suggestions for Teachers
• Obtain copy of local master plan• Create a newspaper clipping file• Have students identify where they
live in their community
Community Planning
Land Use Education ProjectCharlotte P. Burckhardt, AICP, PCP
Principal Planner