Community Partnerships as an Intelligence Resource

Community Partnershipsas an Intelligence Resource

Community Partnershipsas an Intelligence Resource

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Copyright 2005 © Michigan State University

Community Partnership TopicsCommunity Partnership Topics

What do you want to accomplish

Are there special community issues

Are there unique targets Who is the targeted audience Outcomes of the training Who provides the training Structure of the training

Content• Understanding terrorism• What is being done• What can the community do• Business community

Civil liberty issues Challenges in the training Pedagogical tools Resources

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Intelligence-Led PolicingIntelligence-Led Policing

Effective intelligence relies on the development and exchange of information

This is not limited to intelligence networks, but includes:• Gathering information from the community• Disseminating appropriate information to the

community

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National StandardsNational Standards

Establishing relationships and providing awareness programs to citizens in order to facilitate citizen reporting of information for the intelligence cycle are recommended in the:• National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan• Office of Domestic Preparedness Guidelines for

Homeland Security The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

(COPS) has also funded citizen awareness pilot programs

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What Do You Want to AccomplishWhat Do You Want to Accomplish

Fear reduction Develop volunteers Resolve community tensions Give citizens information about terrorism

indicators to aid in prevention Activate the community

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Special Community ConsiderationsSpecial Community Considerations

Special community issues• Large Islamic population• History of activity by racist groups• New immigrants that make residents uneasy• Past attacks in community that have made community

tense Unique targets

• Genetics research facility• Large Jewish community• Livestock food processing facility• Environmentally controversial industries

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Who Is the Targeted AudienceWho Is the Targeted Audience

General community – whoever wants to attend Students (college, high school, middle school) Business community Civic and church groups Graduates of the Citizens

Police Academy Non-law enforcement

government employees Elected officials Volunteer groups Senior citizens

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Outcome of the TrainingOutcome of the Training

Regardless of the targeted audience, the result of the training should give them…• New knowledge/information• Resources to fulfill their needs

Participants must “take something away” from the training

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Structure of the Community TrainingStructure of the Community Training

Typically two hours maximum with break• Do not cut off

spontaneous discussion if it exceeds two hours

Must include “Q and A” Explain everything

• No “jargon”• Explain acronyms (e.g.,

JTTF, TTIC, etc.)

Assume lowest common denominator of knowledge

Avoid “doom and gloom” scenarios

Be honest in assessments and responses – not just “PR” answers

Develop the attitude of preparedness, not paranoia

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Structure of the Community TrainingStructure of the Community Training

Provide an ability for citizens to “follow-up” if they have questions after the training session is over

Consider multiple sessions of training in order to cover all issues of concern to the different communities

Each training program should include four elements:• Know how to observe• Know what is suspicious• Know how to report• Know what happens next

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Content: Understanding TerrorismContent: Understanding Terrorism

What is terrorism (defined/explained) Why people commit terrorist acts Perspectives of terrorism

• Asymmetric warfare• An act of terror is defined by the victim

How terrorism can touch your community• As a target• Logistics and support provided to

terrorists• Activities that fund terrorist

organizations

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Content: What is Being DoneContent: What is Being Done

National Level• National threat assessment

by FBI• FBI re-prioritized and re-

organized to aid state, local and tribal law enforcement

• Department of Homeland Security

• New preparedness resources for local emergency services

• National Incident Management System (NIMS)

State, local and tribal level• Participation in Joint

Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF)

• New anti-terrorism training (SLATT)

• New communications and information sharing (ATIX, RISS, LEO) give local law enforcement more access

• New state and local initiatives (have a local law enforcement speaker explain)

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Content: What Can the Public DoContent: What Can the Public Do

Keep informed to know what to look for and report to the police• To accomplish this, local law

enforcement must be prepared for information sharing

Be aware, yet be fair• Be cognizant of threats, but

avoid stereotyping and hyperbole

Explain what “being vigilant” means

Information on how to protect family http://www.ready.gov• Safety checklist• Communications information• What “awareness” means• Explain the Alert System• How to help children cope with

fear• Safety issues• Equipment and resource

checklist Understand the Homeland

SecurityAdvisory System and its effect

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Content: What Can the Public DoContent: What Can the Public Do

Information on how to talk/deal with children regarding terrorism• http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/emergencyplan/index.html• http://www.fema.gov/kids/• http://www.atf.gov/kids/index.htm

Volunteer (VIPS, CERT, etc.)• http://www.citizencorps.gov/programs/cert.shtm• http://www.policevolunteers.org/• Austin, TX Citizen’s Battalion Model

http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/police/civildb.htm

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Content: Business CommunityContent: Business Community

Enlist support/cooperation for infrastructure protection• 85% of critical infrastructure

owned by private sector Use training to

• Network and develop critical contacts

• Learn new resources, expertise, opportunities

• Learn new problems, potential targets

• Plant the seeds for commitment by businesses

Exchange of information can help in• Threat assessments• Target vulnerabilities

Enlist support for target hardening of potential terrorist targets• Examples: animal research

facility; abortion clinics; etc. Enlist assistance for

information related to terrorism indicators• Examples: suspicious

purchases of explosives or ammonia; observations of delivery/service workers, etc.

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Understand Civil Liberty IssuesUnderstand Civil Liberty Issues

Be prepared to answer questions about civil rights issues• Can the FBI look at the library books I’ve checked out?• Can the police keep records about me?• How much surveillance and information collection are

the police doing with respect to “average citizens”?• Are the police using racial profiling?

Other issues about specific local controversies may be asked

Expect critics to be in a public session

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Challenges in TrainingChallenges in Training

Accept that terrorism could touch your community• As a target• Through logistics supporting terrorist activity• Through fundraising efforts in your community

Taking action and sustaining action by community members and businesses

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Meeting the ChallengesMeeting the Challenges

Use of techniques to “personalize” the threat• Maps• Local anecdotes

Use analogies that audience understands Elicit comments from community members and

integrate this into discussion

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Pedagogical Tools for ContentPedagogical Tools for Content

Model for explaining terrorist groups• Motives• Methods• Targets

Outcomes/actions produced from training• Prevention• Mitigation (target hardening)• Apprehension

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Preparing Your ProgramPreparing Your Program

Research• Learn about local issues• Learn about community concerns

Study• Become familiar with the materials• Information should be “second nature”

Modify• Make the program “local”• Make the program “your own”

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ResourcesResources

FBI Counterterrorism• http://www.fbi.gov/

Office of Domestic Preparedness • http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp

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ResourcesResources

“United for a Stronger America” from the National Crime Prevention Council• http://www.weprevent.org

Terrorism Answers• http://www.terrorismanswers.com

QUESTIONS and COMMENTSQUESTIONS and COMMENTS

Documents

Community Partnerships as an Intelligence Resource