tcef;(1)

“tm%mtwGufvlxkpnf;&Hk;a&;onfvkdtyf.” zdvpfykdifEkdifiHY&Sdonfh rnDr#aom vlaer_pepfwkd@onf rv$Jra&Smifomyif vlwef;pm; (2)&yf tjzpfarG;zGm;ay; vkdufayonf? xkdolwkd@onf zdESdyfolESifh tzdESdyfcHrsm;yifjzpf=uayonf? xkdtxJrS zdESdyfolwkd@ukd vG,fvG,fyif cGJjcm;I &Ekdif ayonf? ‚wkd@onf aysmf&$ifp&mtm;vHk;ukd ykdiffqkdifxm;=uI aumif;ayh qkdaom/ tm;}uD;tm;i,fwkd@ukdvnf; pD;ykdif=u+yD; ZdrfcH[kdw,f}uD;rsm;wGif pnf;pdrf,pfrl;vsuf oufawmifhoufomaexkdifvsuf&Sd=uayonf? xkdenf;wlpGmyif tzdESdyfcH vlwef;pm;wkd@ukdvnf; tvG,fwulyif cGJjcm;I&Ekdifjyefavonf? tdrfajc,majcrJhae=uolrsm;/ ac|;ESifh&if;I tvkyfvkyf ae=uolrsm;/ }uHckwf=uolrsm;/ txnfcsKyfpuf±HkawGYvkyfcenf; tvkyform;rsm; tjzpfweHwv#m; v,fuGif;jyif tajrmuf trsm;wGif EGrf;yg;pGmawG@&SdEkdifayonf? xdkvlwef;pm; (2)&yf =um;Y&Sdaom b0tajcrsm;rSmvnf; ododomomyif xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdae=uayonf? ‘ba&mif;ba&mif;’ &yfuGuftwGif;&Sd ZdrfcHtaqmuftOD;}uD;wck. eHab;wGif ,kdifeJ@v#uf&Sdaom wJtdrfpkwfuav;rsm;ukd =unfhjcif;jzifhyif uGmjcm;r_ukd twkdif;om;wG@jrifEkdifayonf? xkdokd@aom odomr_xuf ta&;}uD;onfht&mrSm qif;&Jonfh tzdESdyfcHvlxkYxkdtajcaeqkd;rS ajymif;vJapEkdifrnfh tm%mr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfayonf? ‚wkd@onf ±kyfowWKypPnf;t& EGrf;yg; csKd@wJ=u,Hkr#ru vlxktm%mtaejzifhvnf; tifrwefrSyif csKd@wJhae=u&ayonf? zdESyfolrsm;onf aumfykdda&;&Sif;}uD;rsm;Y qHk;jzwfcsufay;Ekdifolrsm;/ ±Hk;rsm;/ ,EW&m;rsm; / 0g'jzef@csDa&;vkyfief;rsm; tp&Sdonfwkd@ukd xdrf;csKyfxm;=uavonf? tajc taeonf xdkokd@yif&Sdaevifhupm; tzdESdyfcHvlxkonf zdESyfolwkd@xuf ta&twGuftm;jzifh vGefpGmrsm;jym;=uaomfvnf; ‚wkd@.rnDr!Gwfjzpfaer_rsm;u ‚wkd@. &efolukd qef@usif&ef vHkavmufaomtiftm;rsKd;rjzpfapcJhay? qif;&Jaom v,form;rsm;/ tvkyform;rsm;/ tkd;rJhtdrfrJhrsm;onf zdESdyfolrsm;ukd ,SOf®yif&ef ±kyf0xˆKtaeESifha&m aiGtm;t&ygjynfhpHkjcif; r&Sd=uay? vGefcJhaomumvrsm;wGif xkdtajctaeukd ykdrkdqkd;0g;apcJhaom tcsif;t&mrSm zdESdyfolrsm;Y aoG;pkwfa&;,EW&m;rsm;/ zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;rsm;ESifh ykdrkdjynfhpHkvmcJh=ujcif;yifjzpfonf? zdESdyfolwkd@taeESifh qufvufzdEdSyfxm;Ekdif&eftajctaeaumif;rsm; yifjzpfayonf? wuUokdvfrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ausmif;rsm;rS ynmoif=um;a&;pepfwkd@onf a,musmFrsm;/ rdef;rrsm;ukd 'ava[marG;xkwf qif;vmaponf? ‚wkd@. aºua=umfoHonf Tpepfukd ykdaumif;atmifvkyfrnf/ Tpepfukd ykdjrefatmif vkyfrnf[k qkd=u avonf? okd@ESifhyif aumfykda&;&Sif;rsm;/ ppfwyfESifhtpkd;&.zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;rsm;onf t+rJwrf; vkdvkd wdk;yGm;ae=uayawmhonf? zdESdyfolwkd@. vufrS tm%monf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. vufokd@ajymif;vJa&;onf wr[kwfcsif; vG,fvG,fESifh jzpfEkdifrnf r[kwfay? tcuftcJwcktaejzifhyrmðy&v#if “wdwfqdwfonfh,Ofaus;r_”qkdonfh t&monf tzdESdyfcH vlxltm; &mpkESpf aygif; rsm;pGmv$rf;rdk;jcif;ðyvsuf&SdaecJhavonf? okd@jzifh tzdESdyfcHwkd@onf ‚wkd@onf ‚wkd@. ae@pOftawG@ t}uHKrsm;rSyif wjznf;jznf;ESifhpdwf"gwfa&;&mt& zGH@òz;vm=uayonf? Ttaetxm; Ttiftm;ESifhqufoGm;=urnf qkdygu ‚wkd@. vGyfajrmufa&;tm; &SmawG@&efcufcJaevdrfhrnf[laom tawG;jzifh oabmaygufem;vnf=urnfqkdvsif ‚wkd@twGif;rS ‚wkd@ tiftm;ukdjyefvnf&SmazG=u&rnfhtpm; jyifytiftm;pkrsm;tay:tm;ukd;&m &SmazGvm=uayawmhrnf? Oyrmtmjzifh “rufaq;aq;” aemufwa,muf(okd@r[kwf) aemufw}udrfawmifwef;rsm;ay:rS olykefwkd@onf ‚wkd@udk vma&mufu,fwif=uvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unfae=ujyefonf? tzdESdyfcHwkd@oabmraygufao;onfh t&mrSm tm%m(okd@) tiftm;wnf; [laomt&monf ‚wkd@twGif;Yyif &Sdaejcif;jzpfonfqkdaom oabmw&m;yifjzpfonf? ‚wkd@taejzifh jidrf+idrfqdrfqdrfae=u,Hkjzifh ‚wkd@. vGwfajrmufa&;tm; aumif;uifbHkay:rS / awmifwef;rsm;ay:rS wefckd;&SifwOD;OD;u ‚wkd@xH o,faqmifvmvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unfae=uayonf? xkdt&mukdapmifhar#mfv#uf±Sd =uayonf? b,folyifjzpfjzpf tajymif;tvJawG ay:aygufvmapzkd@ ar#mfvifhonfqkdygu “wddwfqdwfwJh,Ofaus;r_”ukd tvsif OD;pGm azsmufzsuf=u&ayvdrfhrnf? yxrOD;pGm pwifvkyfaqmif&rnfhtvkyfrSm vlxktm; ‚wkd@b0Y trSefwu,f }uHKawG@ae&aom tajctaersm;ESifh jy\emrsm;ukd tajccHI pnf;&Hk;=u&ayrnf? ‚wkd@tay:zdESdyfolawGukd tmcH&ef pnf;&Hk;=u&ayvdrfhrnf? tqHk;wGif atmifyGJ&vmayvdrfhrnf? xkdjy\emrsm;onf vufiif;vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ajz&Sif; aev#ufESifhyif ‚wkd@tcsif;csif;pnf;±kH;onfh tawG@t}uHKESifh zdESdyfolwkd@ukd jyefvnftmcHonfh tawG@t}uHKrsm;onf

1

tzdESdyfcHrsm;twGuf ta&;}uD;aomtvkyf jzpfayonf? xkdtawG@t}uHKonf&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =umjrifhae+yDjzpfaom “wdwfqdwfonfh,Ofaus;r_” [kaom t&mukd ±kdufcsKd;ypfvkdufjcif;yifjzpfayonf? xkdtjyif tv$Jra&Smifomaom tjcm; wkd;wufr_wkd@onf trsm;tjym;yif&Sdae=uayonf? òr@aeqif;&Jom;awGtwGuf t"du tm;jzifh vlaer_tqifhtwef; rrSDaom aetdrfrsm;/ ta&;}uD;aomvlr_apmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ tpdk;&. ajymifa&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;ay:vpDrsm; tp&Sd onf wkd@ukd axmufjyIpnfp±HkI&Ekdifayonf? tvkyform;rsm;taejzifhvnf; “tòyiftqkdifEkdifiHjcm;wifykd@r_” qkdwJh acgif;pOf atmufY(wrifoufouf)vkyfcESifh &ykdifcGifhukdavsmhay;ae=u&ayonf? vkyfief;cGifvHk+cHKr_r&Sdr_rsm;/ vkyfief;cGiftwGif;Y qif;&J=uyfwnf;aom taetxm;rsm;/ oydwfarSmufr_ukd ydwfyif wm;qD;r_rsm; ukd}uHKae=u&avonf? ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;Y&Sdaom v,form;i,fwkd@Yvnf; ae&m vl,uff=uol rsm;. t"<r ESifxkwfjcif;/ oD;ESHrvHkavmufjcif;/ tjrwftpGef;eJyg;jcif;/ tp&Sdaom vk,ufr_toD;oD;ukd w&m0ifjzpfap/ w&m;r0if jzpfap cHae=u&&Smayonf? jy\emwkd@onf renf;vSay? okd@aomfpnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;rSm enf;yg;aeayonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;vkdtyfjcif; ta=umif;t&if;rSm vlxk. rauseyfr_rsm;/ vlxk.pdwfqENouf0if,Hk=unfaer_rsm;ukd vufawG@ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJ ay;&efyifjzpfonf? tzdESdyfcHwkd@onf ‚wkd@csif;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf odrfaES;auG;vGef; ae=uayonf? vlxkukd tm%mtwGufpnf;±Hk;&mwGif usaemfwkd@taejzifh&nf&G,f&rnfrSm vlxkudk,fwkdifyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_ESifh tm;aumif;aomvlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm; tzdESdyfcHtiftm;pkxJrS ay:aygufvma&;yifjzpfonf? xkdtxJrSwpdwfwykdif;r#&&Sdonf qkd,Hkjzifhyif qHk;jzwfcsufcsaomae&mwGif yg0ifpGufzufcGifh&Ekdif=uayrnfjzpfonf? vlxkukd tm%mtwGuf pnf;±Hk; &mwGif &nf&G,fcsuf (2) ck&Sdayonf? (1) todynmt& vGwfajrmufa&;&&Sdvmap&ef (2) tm%mtwGuf vufawG@ ,EW&m;rsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifzefwD;EkdifcGifh &zkd@yifjzpfayonf? tm%m[lonf “rkdufuD;om;yJvD;” azmfjyxm;ouJhokd@ raumif;qkd;&Gm; &nf&G,fcsufESifh t"dy`g,fryDro&Sdaom pum;&yfwckr[kwfay? tm%mqkdonfrSm ,QKvkdrnDr#&Sdaeaom tajctaersm;Y toHk;ðyjcif;tm;jzifh vlxkukd zdESdyfaeaom/ vlxkukd oduQmusapaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;/ emusnf;csufrsm;rSaeI tajctaeajymif;vJ&ef&nf&G,fjcif; yifjzpfonf? vlxk. tm%mukd jiif;qefaernfqkdvsif tvkdvkdtm;jzihfzdESdyfolwkd@ukd qufvufzdESdyf&ef cGifhðyxm;jcif;yif jzpfonf? u|efpepftopftqef;wckukdw&m;0if apjcif;yifjzpfon? TpmtkyfwGifaz:jyxm;aom pnf;&Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;tay:a0zef=ujcif;onf tajctaetukefvHk; tm; +cHKiHk oHk;oyfjcif;rsKd;r&Sday? xkdajctaerS rnfonfukdd OD;wnfaejcif;rsKd;r&Sday? “t,l0g'wckygvmwJhtcg ppf&_H;wmyJ” vkd@ wcsKd@uajym=uonf? okd@aomfvnf;xkdolwkd@taejzifh 0efcH=u&onfrSm Tv_yf&Sm;r_wavsmufwGif atmifjrifr_i,fav;rsm; &Sdonfqkdonfukd 0efcH=u&jcif;yifjzpfonf? yGifhvif;aom/ vGwfvyfaom/ 'Drkdua&pDusaom vlxktpnf;t±Hk;wckESifh trsKd;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ b,fvkdqufpyfonfqkdonfukd TpmtkyfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf? ACPO .q,f}udrfajrmuf tpnf;ta0;YTokd@t}uHðycJhayonf?

“ vlxkpnf; ±Hk;a&;tm;jzifh vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;wnfaxmif+yD; olwkd@&J@b0ukd wrsKd;wzHk ajymif;vJapzdk@ (trsKd;om;xkw&yfvHk;ajymif;vJapzkd@) qHk;jzefcsufcs&mrSm olwkd@ukd,fwdkif yg0ifcGifh&&Sdvmapw,f? vlxk toif;tyif;awG[m tzdESyfcHawG&J@ v_yf&Sm;r_eJ@wpdwfwykdif;tm;jzifh qufpyfaew,f? cGJjcm;vkd@r&bl;/ vuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJhv_r_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ w&m;rr#wwJhpepfawGu ajymif;vJzkd@ trsKd;om; v_yf&Sm;r_ awGeJ@a&m / tv$mwkdif; wckvHk;v_yf&Sm;r_ awGeJ@ygqufpyfaew,f?” “ vlxkpnf; ±Hk;a&;orm; wa,mufrSm t,l0g'wckukd ,Hk=unfxm;vdrfhr,f (t,l0g'wck&Sdaumif;&Sdvdrfhr,f) 'gayrJhowdxm;zkd@u vlxktay: tJ'D0g' ukd roGyfoGif;rdzkd@yJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm; wa,muf&J@ wm0efuawmh yGifhvif;wJh/ 'Drkdua&pDuswJh ta&;ygwJh vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;ukd wnfaqmifekdifatmif ulnDzkd@yJjzpfw,f? tJ'DurS wqifh olwkd@&J@vdktyfwJh trsKd;om;vrf;pOf/ t,l0g'awGukdol@zmomol a&$;cs,foGm;ygvdrfhr,f? 'Denf;[m

vlxkukd }uD;rm;wJhtrsKd;om;a&;jy\emawGeJ@ ta&;ygwJhyl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_udk &&Sdzkd@twwf ynmyJ jzpfw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m yJ tzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@ tajccHuswJh rÀdKifyJjzpfw,f”

xkduJhokd@trsKd;om;w&yfvHk;ESifhqkdifaom }uD;rm;onfh jy\em}uD;rsm;tm; vlxktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESihf csufcsif; vufiif; &ifqkdif&efroifhao;ay? xkdokd@}uD;rm;onfhjy\em}uD;rsm;tm; ao;i,fonfhjy\emav;rsm;tjzpfcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmI ‚wkd@tzGJ@tpnf;. &ifhusufvmr_ tvkduf ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;apoifhao;ayonf? TpmtkyfYygonfhyGifhvif;+yD;vufawG@ usaom pnf; ±Hk;a&;yHko¾efwkd@onf xkdvkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;ðy&efoifhavsmfvSayonf?

2

tcef;(2)

jy\emukd xdyfwkduf&ifqdkifjcif;onfv_yf&Sm;r_enf;vrf;wckyifjzpf.? tm%mtwGufpnf;±Hk;aomae&mwGif tm;aumif;onfh pnf; ±Hk;a&;rª;wkd@onf jy\emukd xdyfwkduf&ifqdkifonfh enf;ukd t"duenf;wcktjzpfoHk;I atmifjrifhr_rsm;&&Sd=uayonf? vltrsm;pku ar;=uonf? “zdESdyfolESifh tzdESdyfcH awG=um;rSm bmjzpfvkd@'Dvkdxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;wJhenf;ukd oHk;=u&wmvJ / 'g[m w&m;awmfeJ@rnDbl; r[kwfvm;? “vlxkawGukd ulnDjcif;tm;jzihfolwkd@&J@ ukd,fxlukd,fxvkyfief;pDrHcsufawGeJ@yJ olwkd@ukd wdk;wufatmifraqmif&GufEkdif bl;vm; ?” tajzuawmh 'DvkdcsOf;uyfr_awGu vuf&SdzdESdyfcHae&wJh tajctaeukd jiif;y,faew,f? vlxktm%mtzGJ@tpnf; awGukdvnf; b,fvkdrS ay:aygufvmaprSm r[kwfbl;/ 'DtcsuftvufawGukd zHk;uG,fzkd@yJjzpfw,f? t+rJwrf;vkdvkdtzdESdyfcHawG[m vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J h tpGef;a&mufaeolawG/ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;u tusOf;uscHae&olawG/ typfy,fcHae&olawGtjzpf t+rJtqufqH cHae=u&w,f? oem;p&mawG/ u,fwif&rJholawG/ zdESdyfolawGu vufcH avmufwJh taetxm;rsKd; jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmif&rJholawGvkd@vJ jrif=uw,f? 'ga=umifhrkd@ zdESdyfolawG&J@ t}udKufqHk; ud&d,m awGuawmh vlr_0efxrf;awG/ vltiftm;ae&mcsxm;a&;eJ@ toufarG;0rf;r_oifwef;awG/ aemufqHk;xGufayguf&SmwJh taeeJ@ pdwf"gwfa&;&mckdv_Hr_eJ@ pm&dwWðyjyifa&;ausmif;awGyJjzpfw,f? 'DvkyfaqmifcsufawGtay: jiif;qefwJholawGukdawmh a=u;pm;awG/ pD;yGm;zsufolawG/ pyg;ar$;pl; olawG/ usL;ausmfolawG tjzpfoGm;ykwfavvGifh ajymqkd=uw,f? pnf; ±Hk;a&;orm;wa,mufuvnf; 'Dvkdowif;ykd@cJhygw,f? “vlr_zlvHka&;XmeeJ@ tvm;wl yk*~vdutoif;rsm;pGm;[m usaemha'oxJrSm tcsdef=umjrihfpGmuwnf;u &SdcJh ygw,f? 'gayrJh bmrS rajymif;vJEkdifcJhygbl;? vlxkawGrSmawmh temawG/ zsm;emr_awG[m t+rJwrf;vkdvkd jzpfaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh 'Dòr@rSm tnpfta=u;pGef@pepf awGr&Sdbl;/ a&ukdvnf; zlzlvHkvHk

rvmEkdifbl;? ”vkd@ pnf; ±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Dvkdqufjyefao;w,f? “wcsdefxJrSmyJ vlxkawG òr@rSm aexkdifwJhvlawG twGuf rjzpfraeay;aqmif&rJh tcGefaiGukdawmh ay;aqmif ae=u&jyefw,f? olwkd@0,f,lcJhwJh ukefypPnfwkdif;rSm wefzkd;&J@ ig;yHkwyHkpm oG,f0kdufaomenf;tm;jzifh tcGef tjzpf ay;aqmifae=u&w,f?” “tdrfaxmifpkwpkrSm wae@ yDqkd 10 oHk;,if 2 ydqkd[m tpkd;&twGuf tcGeftjzpf oHk;pGJrdvsufom;

jzpfaew,fqkdwm olwkd@ukd,fwkdif rod=u&Smzl;/ wu,fawmh 'DaiGawG[m a&E_wfajrmif;awG/ bHkykdifacgif;awG jzpfoifhygw,f?”

'Djy\emawGukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;enf;rSm tckvkdzHk;uG,faewJh zdESdyfr_awGukd odjrifvm+yD;awmh olwkd@ tcGefay;aqmif ae&w,f/ 'ga=umifhrkd@ olwkd@'DtcGifhta&;awG &oifhw,fqkdwm vlxktaeeJ@ odjrifvmapzkd@yJ? wcsKd@tzGJ@tpnf;wGuawmh 'Djy\emukd vlxkukd,fwkdif ukd,fxlukd,fxenf;vrf;awGeJ@ ajz&Sif;zkd@}udK;pm;=uw,f? wu,fawmh tpdk;&taeeJ@ vkyf&rJh ae&mrSm vlxkukd,fwkdifu aiGukefcH/ tcsdefukefcH+yD; bmvkd@vkyf&rSmvJ ? wu,fvkd@ tpkd;&taeeJ@ ysufuGufcJh,if ºu,f0wJh vlawGu ukd,fxlukd,fx vkyf&rsmvm; ? tpkd;&&J@ wHcg;aygufukd a'go w}uD;eJ@ oGm;acguf &rSmvm; ? bmjzpfvkd@ òr@awmfcef;ra&S•rSm vlpk+yD; a&eJ@ rdv†majrmif;awG twGuf/ bmjzpfvkd@ rawmif;qkd&rSmvJ ? zdESdyfolawGukd 'DvkdyJ xdrfwkduf&ifqkdif=u&rSmyJ? tu,fI zdESdyfolawGu vlxkeJ@ uif;uGmae,if olwkd@u a=umufp&m tm%m&SdwJholawG/ wefcdk;&SdwJholawG tjzpf &Sdae=uvdrfhr,f? vlxku 'DvkdrsKd;w}udrfavmuf w&m;wJhawmif;qkdcsufawGeJ@ xdrfwkduf&ifqkdifcJh,if olwkd@[m olwkd@ tm;enf;csufukd odvm=uvdrfhr,f? olwkd@&J@ rsufESmzHk;[mvnf; uGmusvmvdrfhr,f? 'DvkdrsKd;jy\emukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;enf;rSm vkyfaqmif&rSmawGuawmh vlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_eJ@ jyifqifr_rsm;/ Oyrm? oifhavsmfaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd qHk;jzwfjcif;/ enf;y&d,m,frsm;csrSwfjcif;/ jzpfEkdifaom tvm;tvmrsm;ukd wGufqjcif;/ tp&SdwJh }udKwifjyifqifr_awG[m ykdrkdxda&mufapw,f? oGm;a&;vma&;twGuf pDpOfay;jcif; pojzifhjzpfw,f? vlxkyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_&J@ t"dy`g,fuawmh olwkd@&ifqkdifae&wJh bHkjy\emw&yfukd tajz wGufwJhae&mrSm olwkd@ukd,fwkdif yg0ifapjcif;yJjzpfw,f?

3

jy\ema=umufjcif; jy\emxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;enf;[m t"du±k%f;rsm;jzpfatmif v_H@aqmfjcif;/ xdrfrEkdifodrfr& t"dy`g,frJh t=urf;zufr_rsm; jzpfatmifv_H@aqmfwmrsKd;r[kwfbl;? ol&J@t"dy`g,fu xdyfwkdufajz&Sif;jcif;enf;tm;jzifh jy\emrsm;ukd !d‡E_dif; aqG;aEG;wJh pm;yGJay:a&mufap+yD; oabmwlnDcsuftajzxkwfzdk@ yJjzpfw,f? wdwdususajy&,if 'Denf;eJ@ vlxktusKd; pDyGm;ukd qHk;jzwfzkd@yJjzpfw,f? ta&;}ud;wJhtcsufwcsufukd owdxm;zkd@uawmh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;[m jy\emawGukd pwif zefwD;zkd@ r[kwfyJ &SdwJh jy\emawGxJuae vkyfief;pwifzkd@yJjzpfw,f? tcsKd@jy\emawG [m rxifr&Sm; &Sdae wwfw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;&J@wm0efuawmh 'Djy\emawGukd vlxkjrifuGif;xJcsjy+yD; tajzxkwfzkd@yJjzpfw,f? jy\em xdyfwkduf ajz&Sif;jcif; enf;emuawmh zdESdyfaewJhjzpf&yfrSefawGukd rsufESmzHk;cGmcs+yD;awmh vlqif;&JawG@eJ@ zdESdyfolawGukd xdyfwkduf qHkawG@ ay;zkd@yJ jzpfw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;qkdwm b,fawmhrS jy\emukd ra=umuf&ygbl;? tawG@t}uHK&SdwJhpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGtaeeJ@uawmh xdyfwkduf &ifqkdifajz&Sif;aewJ@ tajctaerSm zdESdyfcH&olawG[m odrfi,faer_awG aysuf+yD; tm%m&Sdvmw,f(okd@) tiftm; &Sdvmw,fqkdwmukd tvkdvkd odaewwfw,f? tvkyform; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdowif;ykd@cJhygw,f? “oydwfwckrSmrefae*smu &JawGukdac:vkdufw,f? &Jrª;u tvkyform; vlxk&J@a&S@rSm&yf+yD; vkyfief;cGif jyef0ifzkd@eJ@ r0if,if zrf;r,fqkd+yD; +cdrf;ajcmufw,f? wa,mufrS r&$ h =ubl;? tmcHzkd@eJ@ qufvuf&ifqkdif zkd@ tm;vHk;u qHk;jzwf=uw,f? vGefcJhwJh tygwfwkef;uawmh 'DvlawG[m olwkd@&J@ tvkyfcGifukd r0ifcif t&ufaomufzkd@eJ@ trsKd;orD;awGukd aemufzkd@ajymifzkd@yJod=uw,f? tckta&;tcif;rSmawmh vHk;vHk;}uD; ukd jcm;em;ae=uw,f?” pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf&J@ wm0efuawmh 'Dvkdjy\emxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;enf;eJ@ ajyma&;qkdcGifh tcGifhtvrf;awG &&Sd vm,Hk zefwD;ay;jcif;omr[kwfyJ ckdifrmwJh tajzwck&&Sdvmatmifyg &nf&G,fxm;&r,f? jy\emqkdwm a&Smifv$Jvkd@r&bl;/ 'gayr,fh 'g[mvnf; vkdvm;tyfwJh tukokdvfqkd;wckr[kwfjyefbl;? 'g[m taumif;qHk;avhusifha&;ausmif;wckvnf; jzpfw,f? tm&Swkdufu bmoma&;tzGJ@wcku jy\emeJ@ ygwfouf+yD; 'DvkdajymcJhjyefw,f?

“tusKd;pD;yGm;awG òyifqkdifae=uwJhae&mwkdif;rSm jy\emqkdwm t+rJwrf;&Sdaewwfw,f? vlr_a&; vkyfief;wkdif;rSm rvJ$ra&Smifom yJ jy\emeJ@}uHKawG@&wwfw,f? usaemfwkd@taeeJ@uawmh tcsuf (2) csufukd tav;ay; az:jyoifhygw,f? (1) jy\emwkdif;rSm t=urf;zufp&mrvkdtyfygbl;? tvm;wlyJ w&m;awmfukdvnf; qef@usifzkd@ rvkdtyf ygbl;? (2) jy\emwkdif;rSm vlxkeJ@ tkyfcsKyfoleJ@ ppfrSefwJ@ aqG;aEG;r_&zkd@ rvJGraoG vkdtyfygw,f? vlqif;&J wGtzkd@ olwkd@a=umuf&GH@ae=uor# c, 0yfwGm; ae=uor# 'DtcGifhta&;ukd &&Sd=urSm r[kwfbl;? 'DvkdrsufESmcsif;qdkif aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh bHkaumif;usKd;pD;yGm;ukd &SmazGEdkif+yD; ol@&J@orkdif;/ ol@&J@ OD;wnfcsuf twGufolukd,fwkdif vGyfvyfwJh vlxktzGJ@tpnf;wckukd wnfaqmufEkdifygvdrfhr,f? ”

u? tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf rdrdwkd@ ukd,fukd rdrdwkd@txifao;=u+yD; rdrdwkd@ ukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef r0Hh&J jzpf=uonf? wcgw&H=um;&ygvdrfhrnf? “ usaemfwkd@[m qif;&Jygw,f? usaemfwkd@[m bmrSvJ rwwfygbl;? ulnDrJholvJ r&Sd=uygbl;?” ,QKuJhokd@ rdrdukkd,fukd tjypfwifr_rsKd;ukd }uHK=u&wwfonf? TonfrSm tz}uD;pkd;aom0g' tpOf v$rf;rkd;cHcJh&r_ESifh tpOfwpkdufcHpm;cJh=u&aom zdESdyfr_rsm;&vm'fyifjzpfonf? wcgw&H ‚wkd@cHpm;ae&aom cHpm;csufrsm;rS awmif;qkdcsufrsm; xGufay:vm=uonf/ okd@aomfvnf;enf;vrf;rrSefacs? Oyrmtm;jzifh zsufqD;cH&awmhrnfh usL;ausmf&yfuGufrS acgif;aqmif wOD;u “usaemfvl;0pfwm±k (,Qifolykef;acgif;aqmif/ ,QKtpkd;&xJwGif tvkyfvkyfaeol) xJoGm;r,f/ oluawmh wckckulnDEdkifrSmyg” [kajymonf? tu,fI TuJhokd@acgif;aqmifwOD;wnf; oGm;ajymyguvnf; bmr#jzpfvmrnfr[kwfay? wcgw&H tvkyform;or*~tzGJ@0ifrsm;vnf; nnf;!L;wwf=uonf? “ bmjzpfvkd@ usaemfwkd@ or*~t}uD;eJ@ aygif;=urvJAsm/ bmjzpfvkd@ emr,f}uD;a&S@aeawGeJ@ aygif;=urvJ/ usaemfwkd@uawmh vlrJGawGyJ[m” pojzifh? vlr_ynma&;orm; ay:vkdz&DvDu ,QKvkd owdxm;rdcJhonf? aus;vufwGifðyvkyfaom ouf}uD;ynmay;oifwef; wckwGif jzpfonf? z&DvDu pwif aqG;aEG;+yD;aemuf vlxkuvnf; pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmem;axmif+yD;aemuf olwkd@tjrifrsm;ukd olwkd@yGifhvif;vm=uonf? v,form;wOD;u x&yf+yD; tm;vHk;=um;atmifajymvkdufonf? “q&mz&DvD/ usaemfwkd@pum;ajymwm tm;vHk;&yf+yD; q&majymwmyJem;axmifawmhr,f? cifAsm;uwuUokdvfu ygarmuQyJ/ usaemfwkd@uawmh bmrSodwmr[kwfbl;”

4

wu,fawmh vlxk. vufxJwGif olwkd@. jy\emrsm;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdif ajz&Sif;&ef tiftm;rsm;&Sdaejcif;ukd olwkd@rod=ujcif;jzpfonf? olwkd@wGif A[kokwrsm;pGm&Sdaeonfukd rjrif=ujcif;jzpfonf? u,fq,fa&;pDrHcsufrsm; (txl;ojzifh ‚awGukd zdESdyfolrsm;u axmufyHhonf) rSm txl;ojzifh vlqif;&Jrsm;ukd rdrdukd,fukd oem;p&mrsm;jzpfvmatif/ rdrdwkd@rSm t+rJwrf;rSDckdolrsm;jzpfaeatmif wGef;ykd@ay;&musonf? wcgw&H vlr_zlvHka&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm TtajctaeuJhokd@ yifjzpfaewwfonf? vlxkukd rsufESmvkdrsufESm& zm;&aom tavhtusifh rsm;ukd ay;onf? wcgw&H qif;&Jaom tartkdwa,mufonf aq;0g;tenf;i,f &&eftvkd@iSm; vlr_u,fq,fa&; aq;cef;ukdoGm;onf? xkdtcg qkawmif;jcif; bmoma&; tpOfwuf&onf? xkdaq;vHk;tenf;i,ftwGuf rdrdukd,fukd oem;p&mozG,f jzpfvm&onf? xkd@a=umifh tzdESdyfcHrsm;rSm tpOD;ykdif;wGif olwkd@ukd zdESdyfolrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif&ef 0efav;onfukd awG@}uHK&rnf? TonfrSm rdrdukd,fukd ,Hk=unfcsufavsmhenf;jcif;ESihf jzpfEkdifaom t&mtm;vHk;ukd pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;xHwGifom tm;ukd; yHktyfxm; vkd=uonf? “jyifyrSvmaomwOD;ukd”olwkd@b0jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;&efvkdvm;=uonf? pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdazmfjyygw,f? “usaemfwkd@wu,f xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rvkyf=ucif usaemfwkd@tprf;avhusifhr_ (2) cgvkyf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh wu,fhwu,f ±Hk;vJa&mufa&m/ ±Hk;ut&m&SdeJ@awG@a&m / olwkd@yg;pyfawGydwfxm;=uygw,f? t&m&Sdu olwkd@ukd t*Fvdyfvkd ajymygw,f? tJ'geJ@olwkd@tm;vHk;u usaemfzufvSnfhvm+yD; olwkd@ukd,fpm;!‡dE_dif;ay;zkd@ajymvmygw,f? okd@aomfvnf; pnf;±Hk;rª; wa,mufrSm TuJhokd@ vlxktwGuf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;/ vlxktwGufqHk;jzwfjcif;ukda&Smif&rnf? olwkd@wGef@qkwf ae=uvsif olwkd@ukd tm;ay;&ayrnf / v_H@aqmfay;&ayrnf? tu,fI olwkd@rjzpfvmrSmwm olwkd@ESifhtwl vdkufI vufwGJum bmvkyfoifhonfukd&Sif;jyvkyfaqmif&ayrnf? okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u olwkd@udpPukd rqHk;jzwfay;oifhay? qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;onf ta&;}uD;aomvkyfief;jzpf+yD; trSm;trSef±_H;edrfhr_ukdvnf;wm0efcH&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf? qHk;jzwfcsufukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdifcsap&rnfjzpf+yD; vlxkukd trSdtcdkuif;vGwfvmatmif &ifhusufvmatmifom ulnD&rnfjzpfonf? ” c? zdESdyfcH&olrsm;onf ‚wkd@tcsif;csif;vJ zdESdyfwwfonf? rsm;pGmaom pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;rsm;rSm TudpPa=umifhyif pdwf"gwfus oGm;=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu ajymjyygw,f? “rnD!Gwfwm rajymaeygeJ@awmh/ olwkd@[m wae@wae@ wa,muf twif; wa,mufajymae=uw,f? wa,mufeJ@wa,muf enf;enf;epfemwmeJ@ wkdufckduf=ujyefa&m / tcGifhta&; enf;enf;&vmjyef&ifvJ tifrwefvkdcsif=uw,f/ 'gayr,fh t&m&SdawGeJ@awG@zkd@ wkdufyGJ0if=uzkd@awmh owdWr&Sd=uawmhbl;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;tzkd@ TtawG@t}uHKrsKd;&Sd=urnfjzpfonf? tzdESdyfcHrsm;rSm zdESdyfolrsm;ukd a=umuf&$HG@=uaomfvnf; tcsif;csif; vG,fulpGm t=urf;zufwwf=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f? “olwkd@[m i,fi,fav; uwnf;u 'DvkdedrfhuswJhb0 qdk;&Gm;wJhae&mrSm aevm=uwJhtcg olwkd@rSm tusifhp±dkufawGvnf; ysufjym;+yD; ar#mfvifhcsuf awGvnf; r&Sd=uawmhygbl;? olwkd@rSm tm;}uD;olom touf&SifwJhyHkpHrsKd;jzpfvmygawmhw,f? olwkd@rSm &efolukd rjrifEkdif =u&Smbl;? od=u&ifawmifrS rwHk;jyef&J=ubl;/ olwkd@ a'goxGufaygufawGukd tcsif;csif;qDom vGwfay;vdkuf=uw,f?” Framz Fanon (t,f*sD;&D;,ef pma&;q&m “pufqkwfp&majrurBm” a&;ol) u 'DvuQ%mukd “tvsm;vdkuf t=urf;zufr_” ( The wretched of the ) vkd@trnfay;ygw,f? olajymwmu b,frSmjzpfjzpf tedrfcH& / vl@tcGifhta&;/ oduQm edrfhus&olwa,muf[m tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcg olrdef;rukd ±kdufawmhwmygyJ/ ol&J@oem;p&m jzpfae&wJh b0ukd oltdrfeD;csif;awGukd apmfum;jcif;tmjzifh ol@tdrfomawGudk &ufpufjcif;tm;jzifh ol[m vlwa,muf jzpfa=umif; jyygawmhw,f? 'gukd ðyjyifay;EkdifwJhenf;uawmh olwkd@&J@ rdrdwkd@tcsif;csif;t=urf;zufr_ukd jyifyu &efolqD vrf;!Gefay;zkd@ygyJ? “olwkd@ukd vlcsrf;om&yfuGufukd vuf!_d;xkd;+yD;jy&ifawmh tm;vHk;u vufcH=uygw,f? ” tjcm;ðyjyifxdef;ausmif;EkdifwJh vrf;u v_yf&Sm;r_wkdif;rSm jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ðyay;zkd@ygyJ? 'gayr,fh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ryg&if bmrSjzpfvmr,fr[kwfbl;? tzGJ@tpnf;aumif;rsm;uawmh 'Dvkdtcsif;csif;t=urf;zufr_ avsmhenf;oGm;atmif vkyfEkdif=uygw,f? wGef'kd a'orSm pnf;±Hk;a&; (2) ESpf0if+yD;wJhtcg (1970- 72) rSm q,fausmfouf r_;,pfaq;0g;udpPu r&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;+yD; tcsif;csif; &efyGJ u ,cifuxuf enf;oGm;ygw,f? tar&duefrSmvnf;tvm;wlygyJ? (19970)ygwf0ef;usifrSm vlrnf;&ufuGufawGrSm toif;tyif;zGJ@pnf;EkdifwJh a'ou ykd+yD;awmh t=urf;zufr_enf;ygw,f?

5

*? tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf wcgw&HtcGifhta&;orm;rsm;jzpf=uw,f? (wcsKd@ tzdESdyfcHvlxk) tu,fI jy\emwckukd pwif&ifqkdif v_yf&Sm;=uonfESifh wòyifeuf jy\emtcsKd@jzpfvm&onf? acgif;aqmif wOD;csif; (okd@) tzGJ@0ifwOD;onf yk*~dKvfa&;=oZm oabmrsKd;&vm=u+yD; vlxkudpP&yfrsm;ukd cef@cGJ&ef aiGa=u;vnf; ukdifvm&onf? Tonfukd zdESdyfolu od&Sd+yD; ‚ukd vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ESihf cGJjcm;Ekdif&ef vm'fxkd; rufvHk;ay;um aoG;cGJ&ef }udK;pm;awmhonf? wGef'kd vlxkpnf;±Hk;ESihf “wGef'dk urf;ajc zGH@òz;r_tm%mykdif ” rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yGJwGif tpkd;&zufrS t&m&Sdrsm;u vlxkzufrS “ormorwfusaomyk*~Kdvf ” ukd a&G;ay;yg[k qkdum rufvHk;rsm;tóufufrsm; aqmifjcif;jzifh vlxkukd *kd%f;*%rsm; òyuGJvmatmif óu;pm;cJhonf? okd@aomf ratmifjrifcJhay? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS Ttajctaeukd tqufrjywf =unfh+yD; vlxkukd zdESdyfolwkd@rS 0,f&ef óu;pm;jcif;ukd jiif;y,f&ef wkdufwGef;EkdifcJhonf? TtcGifhta&;orm;tjzpfrS a&SmifusOfEkdif&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufwGif oabmxm;rSef&ef vkdtyfovkd vl@obm0 tm;enf;csufrsm;od&ef vkdtyfygonf? xkd@tjyif tzGJ@0ifESifh acgif;aqmifrsm; tcsif;csif; apmifh=unfhr_ ðyap&ef vkdtyfonf? ‚tjyif tzdESdyfcHjynfoltoif;rsm; tcsif;csif;qufpyfay;&efvnf;vkdtyfonf? ,if;uJhokd@ wOD;ESihf wOD; todtjrifrsm; zvS,fjcif;jzifh tjrifus,fvmaponf? vlxktwGif;wGif ukd,fusKd;om jrifr_ukd azsmufap&ef jyefvnf oHk;oyfaom pnf;a0rsm;vnf; ðyay;&rnf? wcsKd@olrsm;u Ttr_tusifhukd ajymif;ap&ef vlxkukd ynmay;jcif; / aqG;aEG;jcif;/ oifwef;rsm;jzifh ajymif;vJ&ef óu;pm;avh&Sd=uonf? wu,fvufawG@ tawG@t}uHKESifh zdESdyfolrsmtay: qef@usifhonfhv_yf&Sm;r_ ukd ukd,fxdvufa&muf yg0ifjcif;jzifhvnf; tzdESdyfcHrsm;. b0ukdyg ajymif;vJvmapygonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufuajymjyygw,f?

“ tpykdif;rSm u|efawmfpdwful;,Ofrdygw,f/ tJ'DrSm vlxk[m oem;p&m òyuGJvkd@/ tcsif;csif; uawmufuq jzpfwmawG/ rormr_awG/ twif;tzsif;awGyJ pOf;pm;rdygw,f? r,foDv&ifawGu 'Da'oukdvm=u+yD; tcsif;csif; nD!Gwf=uzkd@ arwWmxm;=uzkd@ awmif;yef=uygw,f? 'gayr,fhjzpfrvmygbl;? 'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@ vlxkukd v_H@aqmfr_+yD;wJhtcg awmif;yGJ wkdufyGJawG+yD;vkd@ a&ykdufqufoG,fr_&vm=uygw,f? 'Daemufykdif;rSm tcsif;csif; twif;tzsif; odyfrajym=uawmhygbl;? tkyfpk&J@ atmifyGJta=umif; ajymvmygw,f? yl;aygif;aqmif&kGufr_ qufvkyf=uzkd@ eJ@ nD!Gwfwm b,favmufta&;}uD;a=umif; ajymvmygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'g[m c%wmyg/ 'Dawmh aemufxyfv_yf&Sm;eJ@ aemufxyfjy\emawGaz:xkwfzkd@ ta&;}uD; ygw,f?”

tcef;(3) zdESdyfolrsm; vlxkukd v_H@aqmfr_ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;t+yD; rsm;r=umrDwGif zdESdyfolonf rnfoljzpfonfukd ±kyfzsufzHk;uG,fr&awmhyJ vlxkrS bGm;bGm;}uD; odvm=uw,f? xkdokd@az:xkwfvkdufonfESifh wòyifeuf vlxk.awmif;qkdcsuf v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif ol@tzkd@ xdckduf epfemvm&awmhonf? xkdtcg zdESdyfolonf vlxkukd vufeufrJhjzpfapjcif;tm;jzifh rdrdukd,fukd umuG,f&atmif enf;y&d,m,frsKd;pHkoHk;awmhonf? atmufygwkd@onf oHk;avhoHk;x&Sdaom enf;y&d,m,frsm;jzpfonf? u? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tpOfojzihf oem;=uifemwwfaompdwfaumif;&Sdoa,mif av;pm;zG,f&mjzpfatmif [efaqmif =uonf? olwkd@ zdESdyfcHrsm;rS awmfvSefjcif;rjzpf&tmif olukd,fol aeomxkdifom&Sdatmif tjypfwkd@ukd zHk;uG,fEkdifatmif t+rJ [efaqmifavh&Sd=uw,f? xkdokd@ [efaqmifaumif;oa&G@ tzdESdyfcHwkd@tjrifrS oem;=uifemol}uD;jzpfoa,mif ormorwf &Sdoa,mif w&m;0ifoa,mif [efaqmifxm;aomtcg a'gojzpf&ef ESifh &_;rdkufpGm wkdufckduf&ef rjzpfEkdifacs? tcsKd@olrsm;rSm zdESdyfolrsm;u ajymor# ,Hk=unfum rdrdwkd@ zdESdyfcH&jcif;ukdyif aumif;oa,mif xifwwf=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f? “ usaemfwkd@rSm aumif;wJhzdESdyfoleJ@ qkd;wJhzdESdyfolqkdjzifh tjyifyef;tm;jzifh ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muftjrifrSm aumif;wJhzdESdyfolqkdwmuawmh oltðytr_ tajymtqkd tvkyftukdif[m qkd;&Gm;vS+yD; zdESdyfolrSef; odomygw,f? vlxkukdvnf; olwkd@bmukd wkdufckduf&rnfqkdwm vG,fulpGmodomEkdifygw,f?

6

qdk;wJhzdESdyfoluawmh av;pm;p&m[efaqmif / csKdcsKdomomajym/ at;at;aq;aq;ae=uygw,f? olwkd@ a'goukd rjy=uygbl;? t+rJ+yH;+yD; vlxkukd vufqGJE_wfqufzkd@vJ0efrav;ygbl;? ajymor#tav;wpkdufem;axmifw,f? ol vkyfay;Ekdifwm uwday;w,f/ +yD;awmh “odw,fr[kwfvm; 'grsKd;qkdwm u tcsdef,l&ygw,f” qkd+yD; vlxku vufcsnf; yvm jyefvm&wwfygw,f? zdESdyfolawG oHk;avh&SdwJh enf;y&d,m,fwckuawmh vlxkukd aumfzDr_ef@awG csau|;+yD; vufeufcsapwmygyJ? oGm;wJh tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@u OD;aqmifwkdufyGJ0if&r,fh olawGawmif awGa0oGm;wwfygw,f? olwkd@rSm ,QK vkd {nfhcHr_ukd vufcH&rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ±kdif;±kdif;pkdif;pkdif; wdkufcdkufwmukd avsmhcs&rvm; awGa0oGm;=uygw,f? ckvkd ysLysLiSmiSmeJ@ rmer&SdqufqHvkdufwJh tcg aemufqkwfvkdpdwfrsm; jzpfoGm;=uygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd t}uHðy ygw,f? “ 'Dvkdenf;y&d,m,fawGukd a&Smif&Sm;Edkifzkd@/ oGm;wJhukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd olwkd@xrif;bl; olwkd@

,loGm;=uzkd@/ t}uHay;ygw,f? olwkd@ u {nfhcHOD;r,fqkd&if (2) rsKd;vkyfEkdifygw,f? wu,fvkd@ vlxkawGu xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@ tawG@t}uHK &Sd+yD;qkd&if wu,fvkdtpkd;&&Hk;Xmeu {nfhcHwmqkd&if “'g[m igwkd@pm;cGifh&Sdw,f? 'g[m igwkd@aqmifxm;wJh tcGefjzpfw,f” qkd+yD; tcsif;csif;ajymzkd@ vkdygr,f? 'grSr[kwf pm;zkd@ roifhawmfbl;qkd&ifawmh jiif;y,f+yD; ukd,fhawmif;qkdcsufyJ ukd,f awmif;Ekdifygw,f?

usaemfwkd@vkdwmu vkyftm;c ykdrsm;zkd@yg? oGm;&nfpm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dukdvmwm[m a&oG,fay;zkd@yg/ aumfzDtwGuf r[kwfygbl;” pojzifh oHk;Ekdifygw,f?

wcgw&H olwkd@ rkef@oGm;&nfpm ukdpm;+yD; rdrdwkd@tpm;ESifh uGmvSa=umif; vJ pum;em;xkd; [moðyEkdifygw,f? wcgw&H zdESdyfolrsm;onf olwkd@udk,fukd av;pm;zG,f&maqmmifjcif;jzifh olwkd@ ukd qef@usifvmrnfhab;rS xdef;xm; wwf=uonf? xkduJhokd@ zdESdyfolrsKd;ukd rdrdwkd@. w&m;r#waom awmif;qkdcsufukd vkdufavsmay;&ef tmrcHcsufay;&ef oloduQmukd ajr‡mufyifhajym+yD; awmif;Ekdifonf?” pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f?

“ òrd@wòrd@u ®r@awmf0ef[m olukd,fol rsKd;cspfyk*~dKvfqkd+yD; tJ'DoduQmukd odyfxdef;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh ol[m *syef usL;ausmfumvwkef;u *syefeJ@aygif;vkyfcJhygw,f? 'gukd olzHk;uG,fvkdygw,f? 'gayr,fh ajrykdifcGifh &zkd@ vlxku av#mufxm;wJhtcg vlxkukdray;yJ tar&du ukefonf}uD;wOD;ukd ay;vkdufygw,f? cifAsm; zdvpfykdifjynfukd EkdifiHjcm;om;xH a&mif;rvkd@vm;/ cifAsm[m zdvpfykdifjynfolrdom;pk (400) twGufvm;/ tar&du wOD;twGufvm;/ okd@aomfvnf; olu tar&du ukefonfeJ@pDyGm;pyfwl vkyfxm;ygw,f? aemufykdif;rSmawmh olu ajrukd jyefodrf;zkd@ vufrSwfxkd;ay;vkduf&ygawmh w,f?”

tu,fI zdESdyfolu ol@*k%foduQmukd zdESdyfcH&olawG a&S@rSm *&krpdkufbl; qkd&ifawmh xyf+yD; zdtm;ay;Ekdifovkd/ ol@ukd t&Suf&apEkdifygw,f? ol@ukd ol@rdom;pka&S•/ ol@rdwfaqGrsm;eJ@ ol@uav;awG a&S•/ ol@pD;yGm;a&;0ef;usifa&S•/ ol@tdrfeD;em;csif;awGrSm t&Suf&atmif ðy&ygr,f? wcgu puf±kH}uD;w±HkrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm olaX;u ‘vkyfief;cGifvHk+cHKa&;’ tmrcHay;zkd@ jiif;qefxm;ygw,f? okd@aomfvnf; ol@ukd,folawmh tEkynmtoif;em,u}uD;tjzpf odyf*k%f,lygw,f? tEkynmeJ@ pmayqkay;wJhtoif;awGvJ axmifxm;ygw,f? 'geJ@ ol@&J@ vlrqefwJh vkyf&yfawGukd ol*k%f,lcsifwJh tEkynm toif; tpnf;ta0;awGrSm jzef@a0ypfygw,f? 'geJ@ 'Dzdtm;awGa=umifh ol[mraqG;aEG;yJ raeEkdifatmif jzpfvm &ygawmhw,f? vltrsm;pku vlwa,mufukd ol@rdwfaqGawGa&S•rSm/ rdom;pka&S•rSm t&Suf&atmifðywm[m roifhawmfbl;vkd@ ,lq=uygw,f? omrmeftm;jzifhawmh [kwfygw,f/ okd@aomf tvkyform;xk&J@ rdom;pkawG cHpm;ae&wmeJ@pm&if rajym yavmufygbl;? +yD;awmh puf±kHolaX;}uD;qkd&if olvkyfor#[m w&m;0ifaewmrsKd;eJ@ jiif;y,fcJhwm=um+yD;jzpfygw,f? c? zdESdyfolonf vlxkESifh qufqH&mwGif=um;cHxm;jcif;tm;jzifh a0;uGm;aeatmifxm;onf? =um;cHqkdwmuawmh twGif;taa&;rª;awG/ ukr`%Da&S•aeawG/ wcgw&H bmoma&;bkef;}uD;awGyg jzpfwwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh wlnDwJhtcsufwckuawmh 'D=um;cHawGrSm qHk;jzwfcGifh bmrS r&Sdbl;qkdwmygyJ/ taumif;qHk;taetxm;uawmh qufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;avmufygyJ? olwkd@wm0efuawmh vlxkukd a0;uGmatmif xm;zkd@ygyJ? bmjzpfvkd@ zdESdyfolawG[m =um;cHvlawG oHk;=uovJ? wykdif;uawmh ol@taeeJ@ ol@&J@wefzkd;&SdwJh tcsdefawGavmuf vlxkawGukd ta&;rxm;vkd@ygyJ? aemufwcku vlxkawGu enf;vrf;ruswJhaygufuGJr_ eJ@ t=urf;zufr_awGukd a=umufvkd@ygyJ? aemufwckuwmh olwkd@ rw&m;vkyfxm;wmawGukd vlxkjyefqef@usifrSm a=umufw,f/ 'Dawmh vlxkeJ@ a0;uGmaeor# olwkd@[m ormorwfjzpfoa,mif/ tiftm;&Sdoa,mif [efaqmifEkdif=uw,f? vlxkawGu eD;uyfvmav

7

olwkd@tm;enf;csuf[m ykday:vGifvmavygyJ? zdESdyfol&J@ 'Dtðytr_ukd wkef@jyefzkd@&mrSm vlxku =um;cHvlukd uef@owf ay;&ygw,f? =um;cHvl[m zdESdyfoleJ@ t+rJxdawG@ae&oljzpfygw,f? (Oyrm tm;jzihf twGif;a&;rª;ponf) olukd zdtm; ay;jcif;tm;jzifh 'Duwqifh zdtm;[m zdESdyfolxHpD;qif;oGm;ygw,f? tu,fI =um;cHvlu zdESdyfoleJ@ wkduf±dkufrqufpyfbl; qkd&if (Oyrm- tjcm;Xmersm) olqDu wqifh jzwfoef;+yD; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu =um;cHvlawGukd ukdifwG,fzkd@ 'Dvkdt}uHKðyygw,f? “ twGif;a&;rª;u ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd olaX;eJ@ay;awG@zkd@ jiif;ygw,f? acgif;aqmifyJ0ifzkd@ cGifhðyygw,f? usaemfwkd@ oabmwlcsifa,mifaqmifygw,f/ olu acgif;aqif0ifzkd@ wHcg;zGifhay;wmeJ@ wtkyfpkvHk;tjref0if=uygw,f? wcgw&H olu ol@ t&m&Sdukd av;pm;r_ukd tvGJoHk;pm;ðy&ygw,f?” *? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tpOfojzifh Oya'eJ@ trdeftm%mukd tultnD,lwwf=uonf? ukefonf}uD;rsm;/ ajr&Sif}uD;rsm;/ tpkd;&t&m&Sd}ud;rsm;onf Oya'rsm;/ cHk&Hk;rsm; ta&;,la&;Xmersm;ukd csKyfukdifcJhonf rS pI zdESdyfcH&olrsm;ukd TOya'rsm;twkdif; vkdufem=u&ef apckdif;onfrSm obm0yifjzpfonf? vlxkukd enf;vrf;wus wifjy=u&ef/ w&m;xHk;wrf;rsm;ukdavhvm&ef/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh AsL&kdua&pDenf;rsm;ukd oHk;I vlxkukdajymavh &Sd=uonf? olwkd@onf Oya'pm&Gufrsm; aemufuG,fwGif ykef;atmif;aeavh&Sd=uonf? wcgw&H ‚if;.tESpfom&rsm;ukd ypfy,f=uonf? vlxkudk AsL±kdua&pDenf;pepfxJu &Smapjcif;jzifh tcsdefqGJjcif;ESihf vSnfhpm;jcif;rsm;ðyEkdif=uonf? “TOya'ESifh trdef@tm%m”qkdaom wvGJt,ltqrsm;ðyjyif&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh Oya'ukd vufwvHk;jcm; jzpfEkdifonfh enf;y&d,m,frsm;csrSwf&rnf? xkdenf;y&d,m,frsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh zdESdyfolrsm;ukd [mojzpfap&rnf jzpfonf? ‚tm;jzifh zdESdyfolukd udk,f&Sdefysufap+yD; rsufESmzHk;uGmusaprnfjzpfonf? vlxkwGif tm%mykdifrsm;tay: ,Hk=unfukd;uG,fpdwfavsmhyg;vmatmif vkyf&rnfjzpf+yD; rnfolu ocifjzpfa=umif; odvmap&rnfjzpfonf? TuJhokd@ Oya'ESifh trdef@tm%mukd qkyfukdifajymqkdaejcif;jzifh zdESdyfcHae&aom vlxkxHrS tiftm;ukd ukefoGm;atmif oHk;pGJ=urnfjzpfonf? ‚enf;ukd ‘yifaygifupm;enf;’ jrefrmvkd abmvDabmykwf=uonf [kqkdEkdifonf? ‚enf;y&d,m,frSm vlxkukd ±Hk; wck+yD;wck toGm;tjyefðyaeapjcif;tm;jzifh vlxktm; tm;ukefapjcif;yifjzpfonf? Tenf;y&d,m,fukd wkef@jyef&efrSm zdESdyfolwOD;§ wzGJ@ukd taocsdef&G,fxm;+yD;/ wm;*ufukd rvGwfaapjcif;jzifh wm0ef&Sdol wOD;wa,mufay:xGufvmatmif vkyf&rnfjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f? “AsL&kdua&pDpepfxJu vlawG[m wu,fhwu,f b,folwm0ef&Sdw,fqkdwm odavh&Sd=uygw,f?

'Dawmh olwkd@xJu jzpfEkdifwJhypfrSwfwckukd a&G;+yD;zdtm; qufwkdufay;/ wm0ef&SdwJholu xGufrvm rcsif; ukd,fawmif;qkdcsuf rjynfhrcsif; quf+cdrf;ajcmuf±HkygyJ? zdtm;ay;cH&wJhol[m olr[kwfv#ifvnf; [kwfwJholukd olu quf+yD; zdtm;ay;&awmhrSmjzpfygw,f?”

tjcm; OyrmwckrSm “ *smrefoH±Hk;uae+yD; zdvpfykdiftpkd;&udk qdyfurf;zGH@®z;a&;twGuf aiGacs;iSm; vkdufygw,f? tusKd;quf taeeJ@u usL;ausmftdrf,mawGukd zsuf&ygawmhr,f/ olwkd@u olwkd@ toHukd =um;vkd=uygw,f/ bma=umifh ajymif;a&G@ckdif;&r,f qkdwmodvkd=uw,f/ oH±Hk;t&m&SdawGu olwkd@rSm wm0ef&Sda=umif; jiif;=uygw,f? 'g[m *smreftpkd;&eJ@ zdvpfykdiftpkd;& t=um; jy\emvkd@yJqkdygw,f? 'gayr,fh vlxktaeeJ@u tpkd;&ESpfckvHk;Y xdawG@zkd@rjzpfEkdifyg/ 'ga=umifh &EkdifwmukdyJ zdtm;ay;r,fqkd+yD; vkyf=uygw,f? 'guawmh oH&Hk;0efxrf;awGukdygyJ? atmifjrifygw,f? oH±Hk;uolwkd@ tpkd;&xH jyefar;&+yD; *smreftpkd;&u tcsuftvufpkaqmif;a&;toif;wck apvGwf&ygawmhw,f? ”

wcgw&HwGif =um;cHvlukd zdtm;ay;aomenf;onf zrf;&cufaom/ cufcJaom ypfrSwfukd ay:xGufvmap wwfonf? C? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tcGifhta&;a&m§jypf'%fyg vlxkukd jzef@cGJ&ef toHk;ðywwf=uonf? zdESdyfolrsm;onf wcgw&H vlxkukdac|;odyf&ef oG,f0kdufaom enfrsm;ukd toHk;ðywwf=uonf? acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd vmbfxkd;jcif;/ tultnDrsm;ay;jcif;/ ta&;ay: u,fq,fa&;/ axmufyHha&;toifponfhjzifh aoG;cGJwwf=uonf? ac|;odyf=uonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh usL;ausmftdrf,mrsm;zsuf&ef tjcm;&yfuGufrS tvkyfvufrJhrsm;ukd vkyfcay;a0ckdif;apjcif;

8

rsKd;jzpfonf? ‚wkd@oHk;avh&Sdaom enf;rSm ‚wkd@tay: vlxku aus;Zl;aºu;wifaejcif;jzifh vlxku qef@usif&eftwGuf rsufESmemp&m/ awGa0p&mjzpf&efyifjzpfonf? wcgw&HwGif zdESdyfol. ay;aomtcGifhta&;onf ol@ukd jyefqef@usif&eftwGuf oHk;Ekdifonf? Tonf rkef@ay;aom enf;onf a&&Snf ratmifjrifawmh aomtcg wkwfukd oHk;&awmhonf? Tokd@wkwfoHk;vm&onfESihf w®yifeuf ,cif rsufESmzHk;vnf; uGmus&awmhonf? tu,fI zdESdyfolrS +cdrf;ajcmuf±HkwGifruyJ tiftm;oHk;vmaomtcg rdrdzufrSvnf; wDxGifzefwD;xm;aom enf;y&d,m,frsm;vnf; ta&;}uD;vmawmhonf? vlxktzkd@ tiftm;ukd tiftm;jzifh &ifqkdif&ef rjzpfEkdifacs/ &ifqkdif&efvnf; rvkdvm;=uay? olwkd@tzkd@ rdrdwkd@. pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_tay:rSmom tajccH=u&rnfjzpfayonf? wkwfukdtoHk;ðy&efrSm Oya't&[k qkdum &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaomwyfrsm;ukd toHk;ðy=uonf? t=urf;zufr_ukd tpkd;&zufrSyif pwif=uawmhonf? xkdtcg vlxkukd ykdrkdckdif+rJapatmif wGef;tm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf? w&m;0ifenf;vrf;ESifh ðyjyifa&;enf;vrf;qkdonfrSm olwkd@tzkd@ toHk;r0ifawmha=umif;/ tuef@towfwckxdom toHk;ðyEkdifonfjzpfa=umif; olwkd@. ukd,fawG@ oifcef;pm;rSm od&Sd=uap&rnfjzpfonf?

tcef;(4) tajccHpnf;&Hk;a&; rlrsm; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;kwa,muftaejzifh odxm;&rnfhtajccHpnf;±Hk;a&;rl (5) ck&Sdygonf? ‚wkd@ukd vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm; pnf;±Hk;aqmif&Guf&efESifh zdESdyfolrsm;ukd &ifqkdifawG@&ef vkyfief;rsm;wGif tajccH vrf;!GeftjzpfoHk;Ekdifygonf? ‚if;wkd@rSm- 1? zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;u tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ykdrkd&&Sdvmap+yD;/ vlxkudk tajccHrSpI ðyjyifajymif;vJEkdif&ef vkdtyfaom cJ,rf; taxmuftulrsm;jzpfvmrnf? 2? enf;y&d,m,frsm;csyg? ‚onf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. tawG@t}uHKrsm;twGif;rS tajccH&rnfjzpf+yD; ‚onf zdESdyfolwkd@. tawG@t}uHKtjyufzufrS (okd@) r}uHKbl;aom tawG@t}uHKjzpf&rnf? 3? vlxkonf ‚wkd@.twW okd@r[kwf ukd,fusLd; pD;yGm;ay:rS aeI a,bl,stm;jzifh v_yf&Sm;=uonf? 4? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;tqifhqifhtaejzifh vG,ful/ &Sif;vif;/ a&wkdESifh yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;rS ykdrkd±_yfaxG;/ cufcJaom a&&nf &nf&G,fcsuf/ acwfpepfqkdif&m jy\emrsm;okd@ ac:aqmifoGm;&rnf? 5? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;em tqifhqifhukd jzwfoef;+yD;rS wqifh vlxkukd olwkd@. ukd,fykdifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd ukd,fwkdif csrSwfap &rnf? Trl(5)csufukd atmufygtwkdif; (3) csuftjzpf twkdcsKyfEkdifonf? 1? vlxk&SdaewJh ae&mupwif 2? vlxk+yD;qHk;wJhae&mrSm wifr&yfaeygESifh 3? vlxkukd ukd,fwdkifqHk;jzwfygap wckcsif;jyefavhvm=uygpkd@ 1? zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;u tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ykdrkd&&Sdvm+yD; / vlxkudk tajccHrS pI ajymif;vJEkdif&ef axmufulay;vdrfhrnf? yxrqHk;taejzifh zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;onf vlxkrsm;ukd zdESdyfaevdrfhrnf? wcgw&HwGif vlxktzkd@ em;vnfvmvdrfhrnf? olwkd@tzkd@ olwkd@ yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m / wckcsif;jy\emrsm;twGuf em;vnfvmjcif;omjzpfrnf? +yD;awmh olwkd@ a'gojzpf& aumif;rSef; odvm=uvdrfhrnf?

9

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdaxmufjyygw,f? “usL;ausmftdrf,mjy\emawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ukdifwG,f&wJh toif;tyif;wcktaeeJ@ 'Dvkd az:jyEkdif

ygw,f? vlxkeJ@ tr_dufawG[m twlwlyJ/ olwkd@ukd twlwl ®r@jyeJ@a0;&mrS vmpGef@ypf pkyHk=uw,f? (2)ckpvHk; =unfhraumif;bl;/ olwkd@ukd tjrpfuE_wf+yD; tckvkdjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; &yfuGufawGrSm jyefae&m csxm;ay;wJh tcg / olwkd@taeeJ@ apwemtoif;eJ@ vlr_zlvHka&;toif;awGu apwemrygwJh taxmuftyH &aumif;&r,f/ 'gukd t[kwf}uD;xifae=ur,f/ aus;Zl;wifae=ur,f/ zdESdyfolawG&J@ enf;y&d,m,fawGuawmh aemufausmukd"g;eJ@xkd;r,f/ +yD;awmh aq;±Hkwifay;wJh yHkpHygyJ? 'gayr,fh vlxktaeeJ@ 'Dvkdqufpyfaer_awG/ 'DvkdzdESdyfcH&r_awGukd odaumif;rSm r[kwfbl;? olwkd@ yxrqHk; podEkdifwmu zsufqD;a&;toif;awGuolwkd@usL;ausmftdrf,mawGukd =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;zsufqD;wm wcgw&H taxmuftyHhay;wJh vkyfom;awGu apmfum;ovkdjzpfwm / wckckawmhrSm;,Gif;ae+yD;qkdwm 'DavmufygyJ?

'kwd,taeeJ@ zdESdyfa&;,EW&m; 'grSr[kwf tpkd;& / toif;tyif;}uD;awGu vlxkukd olwkd@jznfhqD;ay;zkd@ pdwfqEN r&SdwJh uwdu0wfawG/ a=ujimcsufawGay;r,f/ ðyr,f ponfjzifh &Sdvdrfhr,f? usaemfwkd@ orRwukd,fwkdifawmif 1967 cku wGef'kd®r@ [mqkdqm wHwm;rSm vlxkawG ajrykdifcGifh&Sdr,fvkd@ rdef@cGef; ay;cJh ygw,f? 'gayr,fh 1974 rSm vlxku olwkd@ tdrf,mawG zsufqD;cHcJh&ygw,f? 'gukd uwdawG twkdif; jynfh0atmif aqmif&Gufay;zkd@ “rmvmueef;” ukd vlxkawGcsDwufawmif;qkdcJhygw,f? ®r@jy&J tzGJ@awGu qENjyolawGukd 'Jvfyef wHwm; em;rSm ae@v,f aeyl}uD;atmufrSm &yfckdif;+yD; apmifhckdif; xm;ygw,f? trnftkd}uD;wa,mufu aeyl'%fa=umifh arhvJ oGm;ygw,f? uav;awGu qmavmifvkd@ ikd=uygw,f/ r=unfh&ufp&myg/ trsKd;ord;wOD;u ajymygw,f/ “±kyfjrifoH=um;u ajymoGm;ygw,f/ tpkd;&taeeJ@ vlxk&J@ toHawGukd t+rJem;axmifaeygw,f/ tckod&yg+yD” qdk+yD;ajymoGm;ygw,f? tpkd;&u ajrawGawmhay;vkdufygw,f? vlxkukdawmh r[kwfygbl;/ EkdifiHwum aumfykda&;&Sif; }uD;awGeJ@ puf±Hk}uD;awG aqmufzkd@ygyJ? vlxkawG b,fvkdqENjyjy orRw taeeJ@ ol@ &yfwnfcsuf jyvkdufwmygyJ?

zdESdyf,EW&m;awGuawmh olwkd@ uwdu0wfawGeJ@ quf&Sifoefaewwfygw,f? 'gukd olwkd@pum;eJ@ tvkyfnDrnD axmufjy+yD; ±kdufcsKd;&ygvdrfhr,f?

wwd,taeeJ@ 'DzdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;&J h wkef@jyefay;r_tay: rlwnf+yD;vlxkdawGukd ykdrkdckdif+rJvmatmif awG@}uHK&wJh rar#mfvifhwJh jzpfysufay: rlwnf+yD; pnf;±Hk;Ekdifygw,f/ 'Duaewqifh vlxkawGudk ykdrkdemusnf;apygvdrfhr,f?

tpkd;&t&m&Sd}uD;awGu yHkrSeftm;jzifh qENjywJh usL;ausmtdrf,mu ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@awGudk =umjrifhpGm apmifhckdif; wwfygw,f? 'DtawG@t}uHKukd rlwnf+yD; vlxkukd ykdrkdpnf;±Hk;r_ vkyfay;Ekdifygw,f? em&Dukd =unfhckdif;yg/ b,fESpfem&DvJ ar;yg/ qm+yDvm;vkd@ar;yg/ b,folu aemufusaeovJ/ qkd+yD; vlxkukd axmufjyckdif;w,f/ t&m&Sdukd jrefjrefvmckdif;zkd@ v_H@aqmfEkdifw,f? vlwcsKd@ukd twGif;a&;rª;xH xyfar;zkd@ taemuft,Sufay;zkd@ apvGwfckdif;yg/ vlxkukd olwkd@&@Jtod Ekd;xvmapzkd@ v_H@aqmfEkdifwJh 'Dvkdtajc tae trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f?”

'Dae&mrS pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGtaeeJ@ (2) ck oifcef;pm ,lEkdifygw,f? wckuawmh vlxkukd pnf;±Hk;csnf;uyfwJ@ae&mrSm pmtkyfxJu twkdif; olwkd@ r}udKufwJh onftajctaeuae ajymif;zkd@ olwkd@ rodwJhacwf / pepf/ aemuf vlaer_ pepf wck ponfjzifh raqG;aEG;rdapzkd@ygyJ/ bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh ,ck&SdaewJ@ zdESdyfr_tawG@t}uHKuae+yD; olwkd@&J@ a0;uGmvGef; em;vnfzkd@ cufao;vGef;wmygyJ? 'DtqifhrSm vlxkrSm ckdifvHkwJh ta=umif;jycsufa=umifh tajctaew&yfa=umifh a'goxGufvmr,f/ qef@usifzkd@ jzpfvmr,f qkd&if vHkavmufygw,f? aemufwckuawmh vlxkukd wduswJh em;vnfEkdifwJh zdESdyfr_yHkpHukd &Sif;jyzkd@ygyJ? 'gukd pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ukd,fwkdifu oabm ayguf&r,f? 'gvJ rvHkavmufygbl;? vlxkyg oabmaygufatmif &Sif;jy&r,f/ zdESdyfr_xJu tpdwftykdif;wckukd vlxk odjrifvm+yD; ykdrkd nD!Gwfckdifrmvmatmifvkyf&r,f/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;a&m vlxkyg zdESdyfa&; ,EW&m;}uD;&J h tm;enf;csufukd od+yD; 'gukd xkd;ESufEkdifatmif oifcef;pm,l&r,f?

10

2? enf;y&d,m,frsm;csyg? ‚onf tzdESdyfcHrsm;. b0 tawG@t}uHKrsm; twGif;rS tajccHyg? ‚onf zdESdyfolwkd@ twGuf r}uHKzl;aom tawG@t}uHK jzpf&rnf? zdESdyfcH&olwkd@&J@ b0 tawG@t}uHKtwGif;rS ‚wGif tykdif;ESpfck&Sdygonf? wckrSm rdrdwkd@ tcsif;csif; qufoG,fa&;yifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh ol. tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd &Sif;jyaejcif;tm;jzifh vlxktm; em;vnfaprnf r[kwfay/ ‚tpm; ‚tawG@t}uHKukd vlxkukd,fwkdif &&Sdapatmif tajctaersm; zefwD;ay;oifhonf? xkdtcgrS vlxku ‚. ukd,fwkdif tawG@t}uHKrsm;xJrS todtjrifukd ukd,fwkdifxkwfvkyf,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh tdrf,majymif;a&G@ae&mcsxm;ay;cH&rnfh &yfuGufrS vlxkrsm;ukd rnfokd@ rnfyHk 'kuQawG@rnf xkd@a=umifh qef@usif&rnf[k ajymjyaernfhtpm; ‚rS vltcsKd@ukd tvmwl 'kuQ}uHKae&aom &yfuGufrsm;okd@ vnfywf =unfh&_ apjcif;tm;jzifh ukd,fwkdifodjrifvmrnfjzpfonf/ 'kuQ tzHkzHkukd ukd,fwkdifodjrifvmrnfjzpf+yD; ‚wkd@ tdrfeD;em;csif;rsm; ukdvnf; ‚rsufjrif tcsuftvuf rsm;ukd oufaocHEkdifrnfjzpfonf? tvm;wl pnf;±Hk;a&;e,fopfrS vlxkrsm;ukd pnf;a0;rsm;usif;y&ef wkdufwGef;E_d;aqmfrnfhtpm; ykdrkdpnf;±Hk;a&; tm;aumif; aome,fwGif tpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;y&mokd@ ukd,fwkdifwufa&mufapjcif;/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;atmuf wGif yif pnf;a0;rsm; vlxkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif;/ a[majymaumif;olrsm; a[majym=ujcif; ponfh tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd &,lapoifhonf? xkdtawG@t}uHKrsm;&&Sdvmaomtcg olwkd@ a'owkd@ a&muf&Sdaomtcg pnf;a0; ra=umuf&ef pnf;a0;yGJ ðy&ef olukd,fwkdif E_d;aqmfawmhonf? wcgw&HwGif a'owckrS vlxkonf orRw. tarukd rdrdwkd@tm;ulnD&ef csnf;uyf&ef vkdvm;=uonf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; u Tenf;tm;jzifh tusKd;rrsm;Ekdifa=umif; wkdufwGef;rnf/ Tokd@TyHktusKd;&Sdrnf r&Sdrnfukd jiif;cHk =um&Snf ae=urnfh tpm; olukd,fwkdif orRwtarESifh awG@qHkEkdifatmif tcsdef;tcsuf ukd pDpOfay;oifhonf? olwkd@ orRw tartdrf oGm;=urnf? olru xkdtcsdefwGif rmausmuf zJ upm;aernf/ olwkd@ bmta=umif;a=umifh vonfukd r&Sif;jy&ao;rDrSmyif orRw taru vHkv0d&d,&Sdzkd@ vkda=umif; rdom;pk pdrHudef; ynma&;pepfukd jrifhwifzkd@ pojzifh =o0g' rsKd;pHkukd ay;vkdufonfukdom awG@}uHK&ayvdrfhrnf? Tae&mwGif pum;wckukd ukd;um;vkdayonf? “ tawG@t}uHKonf pum;vHk;waomif;xuf wefzkd;&Sdonf” [kjzpfonf? tjcm;tykdif;wckrSm enf;y&d,m,fESifh ywfoufI jzpfonf? vlxktaejzifh rdrdwkd@ESifh pdrf;vGef;aom tvkyfwckukd pGef@pm;&rSm 0efav;wwf=uonf? vlxktzkd@ or±kd;us vkyfief;rsm;udkom vkyfvkd=u+yD; rodao;onfrsm;ukd a=umuf&GH@=uonf? xkd@a=umifh vkyfief;pOfopfrsm; csrSwf&mwGif olwkd@ESifh wpHkw&m&if;ESD;aom u|rf;0ifaom tvkyfrsm; jzpf&ayrnf? okd@aomf vSnfhuGuftopfwck aygif;pyfay;Ekdifygu ykdaumif;rnf? tjrifopf &nfrSef;csufopf tawG@t}uHKopf rsm;jzifh ,cif tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd xyfqifhwkd;yGm;ap&rnfjzpfonf ? wGef'kd&Sd jynfolrsm;taejzifh olwkd@ ajr,mtwGuf v_yf&Sm;r_ukd ulnDyg&ef omoemtykdifcsKyfxH toem;cHv$m w&yf ukd c&pfprwft}udK nv,fyGJwGif wifoGif;vkd=uonf? TwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u jynfolawG tawG@ t}uHK =um;rS yif pwif vdkufonf? nvnfpk±Hk;yGJrSm &kd;&m"avhyGJjzpfonf/ topfjzpfonfuawmh ‚&kd;&m"avh ESifh oklwkd@ajr,mtwGuf v_yf&Sm;r_ aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf? vlrsm;taejzifhnaewkdif;wGif pk±Hk;xkdifavh&Sd=uI tvmyovmy ajym=uavh&Sdonf? ‚tvm;wl olwkd@ taejzifh &efol. &Hk;uEMMm;wGifðyvkyfEkdif=uonf? tu,fI &efoltaejzifh awG@zkd@jiif;qefygu taemuft,Sufjzpfapjcif;tm;jzihf rawG@ raeEkdifatmifjzpfatmifzefwD;&rnf? ‚tjyif 0goemyg&m yGJvrf;rsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_azsmfajzyGJrsm;wGifvnf; EkdifiHa&; oabmrsKd; rdwfqufay;jcif;jzifh pwifEkdifonf? TwGif w&kyfjynf,Ofaus;r_ awmfvSefa&;yHkpHrsKd; twk,l&rnfjzpfonf? zdESdyfol r}uHKzl;aom tawG@t}uHK jzpf&rnf? zdESdyfolrsm;ESifh awG@qHk&mwGif ,Ofaus;aep&m odrfhar$@aep&m rvkdtyfay/ vlxk. vkyf&Sm;r_onf zdESdyfolrsm;tzkd@ pdwf±_yfaxG;ap&rnfjzpfonf? ol. tajctaeukd ysufjym;ap+yD; oltzkd@ jyefvnfwkef@jyefr_u vlxktwGuf aumif;usKd;&&Sd aprnfrSm rkcsyif? v_yf&Sm;r_onf &efolrar#mfvifhxm;ovkdjzpfap&rnf? tu,fI &efol u aoG;at;at; at;wdat;puf vkyfaeygu ‚ukd toHk;csI vlxkukd xyfv_yfaqmf ckdif+rJap&rnfjzpfonf? Ty&d,m,fukd oHk;jcif;tm;jzihf &efolukd &,fzG,fjzpfap+yD; vlxkukd &,fyGJzGJ@apjcif;onftaumif;qHk; pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emyifjzpfonf? tu,fI &efolu vlxk.

11

enf;y&d,m,frsm;ukd avhvmEkdifonf? xkdtcg vlxku wqifhjrifhaomenf;em/ y&d,m,fopfrsm; ajymif;vJ=u&rnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u onfvkdaz:jyygonf? “ CAP (zdvpfykdifbdvfajrpuf&Hk;toif;) u tqifhedrfh bkwft&m&SdawGukd vlxkeJ@awG@zkd@ wa,muf+yD;

wa,muf apvGwfygonf/ usaemfwkd@ zdtm;ay;Ekdifor#u t&m&Sdi,fawGyJ/ usaemfwkd@ukd jc,fvS,faeol tmrcHcsufay;oleJ@ rawG@Ekdifao;bl;/ wcgu t&m&Sdwa,mufu vlxkukd,fpm;vS,f wkd@e@J awG@wHk; w,fvDzkef;u jrnfvmygw,f/ acgif;aqmif wa,mufu pum;ajymaewm&yf+yD; w,fvDzkef; pum;ajymzkd@ jyifygw,f/

'DrSm t}uHwck &vmw,f/ bmjzpfvkd@ 'D CAP twGif; qufoG,fcGifhay;+yD; bmr[kwfwJhpum;awG ajymcGifhðy &rSmvJ/ tck usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fcsufu olwkd@ukd zdESdyf+yD; olwkd@&J@ vkyfief;ukd ysufapzkd@yJ/ 'Dawmh olwkd@ zkef;vkdif;ukd aemuf,Suf=uygw,f? ”

aemufqHk;rSm aqG;aEG;zkd@ oabmwl=u&ygawmhw,f? 3? vlxkonf a,bl,s tm;jzifh ‚wkd@. tusKd;pD;yGm; tajccHay:rS pwifI v_yf&Sm;wwf=uonf? 'g[m toif;tyif;awG pwifzG@Jpnf;vm=uyHk trSefyJjzpfygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u onfvkdjyefajymygw,f? “usaemf[m tvkyform;or*~ wckrSm vkyfygw,f? 'Dor*~[m refae*smawG zdESdyfr_a=umifh tiftm;

wjznf;jznf; csnfheJ@vmygw,f? tvkyform;awG }uHKae&wJh t"du jy\emuawmh olwkd@ vlr_zlvHka&;/ &ykdifcGifh aiGawGukd vGefcJhwJh wESpfcGJavmufxJu refae*smawGu ray;cJhwmygyJ?

usaemfu vkyfom;awGukd 'Drefae*smawGukd qef@usifzkd@ v_H@aqmfygw,f? vkyfcJh+yD;awmh &p&m &SdwmawGukd ray;wm[m b,favmufrw&m;ovJ qkdwm&Sif;jyygw,f? olwkd@ c%awmh pdwfqkd;=u+yD; +yD;awmh cGifhvGwfvkduf=ujyefygw,f? “ rw&m;wmawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tck usaemf tvkyf oGm;&tHk;r,f/ rtm;ao;bl;/ ” “usaemf taºu;awG qufzkd@aiG&Sm&tHk;r,f ” ponfjzifh ajymygw,f? aemufr=umcif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu tvkyform;awG[m jyef&p&maiG yDqkd av;&mausmf &Sda=umif; odvm&ygw,f? olu tvkyform;wOD;csif;ukd vdkufajymygw,f? “cifAsm;wkd@ yDqkd av;&m vkdcsifvm;/ cifAsm;wkd@ vkyf&rSmu w&uftm;vHk; tvkyfrqif;,HkyJ/ usaemfwkd@ twlwl vkyf=ur,f? ” r=umcifrSm tvkyform;oydwfwck jzpfvmygawmhw,f? ta=umif;uawmh olwkd@ yDqkd av;&m vkdcsifygw,f/ r=umcifrSm olwkd@ aiGav;&m &vmygawmhw,f?”

'gukd jyefvnfoHk;oyf=u&if; vlxkawG[m olwkd@v_yf&Sm;r__&J@ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk em;vnfvmygawmhw,f? tzdESdyfcHawG&J v_yf&Sm;r_[m olwkd@&J@ ukd,fusKd;pD;yGm;oufouf twGufom r[kwfyJ tzdESdyfcH w&yfvHk;&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm; vGwfajrmufr_twGufqkdwm oabmaygufvmygvdrfhr,f? tpueOD;u olwkd@[m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ tawG@t}uHKeJeJyJ &Sd=uygw,f? 'Dvkdenf;enf;yl;aygif;v_yf&Sm;rd=u&if; olwkd@twGuf wenf;wzHk tusKd;&Sdvmygw,f? aemufykdif;rSmawmh pnf;±kH v_yf&Sm;=u&if; vlxk tpnf;t±Hk;awG[m rlawG tay:rSm bHktusKd;pD;yGm;tay:rSm nD!Gwfvm=uygawmhw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wOD;&J h vkyfaqmifcsuf[m tzdESdyfcHawG&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd olb,favmufxd ,Hk=unfw,f/ ar#mfvifhw,f tay:rSm rlwnfygw,f? wcgw&HrSm tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m vlxktay: ol@pdwfqENt& qHk;jzwfcsuf csvGJ wmrsKd; &Sdwwfygw,f? pDrHudef;jyifqifr_ wckvkyfwkdif; pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,muf[m atmufygar;cGef;awGukd ukd,fukd,fukd t+rJwrf;jyefar;&ygvdrfhr,f? “ tzdESdyfcHjynfolawG&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;[m b,ftay:rSmrlwnfovJ” +yD;awmh wqufwnf;rSmyJ jy\em w&yf&yf wkdif;rSm olb,fvkd &yfwnfovJ qkdwmygyJ?

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4? vG,ful§ &Sif;vif;§a&wkd§yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&mjy\emrsm;rS wqifh ykdrkd±_yfaxG;§ cufcJ§a&&nf §acwfpepfqkdif&m jy\emrsm; wkd;wufapjcif; atmufygtwkdif;cGJjcrf;pdyfjzmI em;vnfEkdifonf? u? vG,ful ±_yfaxG; - tcsufvufrsm;pGmryg0if - qHk;jzwf&eftwGuf - awmif;qkdcsufwcsuf(okd@) bufaygif;pHkjy\emaygif;pHk 2 - csufr#om - awmif;qkdcsufwGif vufcHEkdifaom pDrHcsuftqihfrsm;yg0ifjcif; c? wdus rwdus §qkyfudkif&efcufcJ - Oyrm-jcifrsm;§a&rvkHavmufjcif;? - Oyrm -“pDrHudef;cs&mwGif - vG,fulpGmodomEldif§qkyfudkifEldif? vlxk yg0ifaqmifEkkdifr_ ” - zdESdyfr_rsm;onf zHk;uG,faewwf+yD; &SmazGawG@&efcufcJ *? a&wdk a&&Snf - jy\emukd &uftenf;i,f - jy\emrsm;onf vrsm;pGm &ufowWygwftenf;i,fwGif;&Sifvif;Ekdif wcgwav ESpfrsm;pGmajz&Sif;&ef - atmifjrif&efvG,ful =umjrifwwf - a&&Snfv_yf&Smr_}uD;rS atmifyGJ&&Sd C? yk*~dKvfa&;qdkif&m acwfpepfqdkif&m - tcGifhta&;tvGJoHk;pm;ðyol - pepfwckvHk;ukd wkdufckdufjcif; wOD;a,mufukd wkdufckdufjcif; - Oyrm - ajr&Sifpepf - Oyrm - OD; ----- a'oopfwckwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; pwif&rnfh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;taejzifh atmufyg&Sif;vif;vG,fulaom jy\em&yfrsm;jzihf pwifoifhonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh jcifxljcif;/ a&rvHkavmufjcif;/ a&&Sm;yg;jcif; ponfjzihf / ‚jy\emrsm;onf &Sif;vif;qkyfukdif&ef vG,fulonf/ wdusaz:jyEkdif+yD; ‚rS wqifhwdusaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm; az:xkwfEkdifonf? OD;wnfcsuftaejzifh azmufjyefaom yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m wOD;wa,muf / Xmewckudk!GefjyEkdif+yD; atmifyGJ vnf;vG,fulpGm &&dkEkdifonf? tawG@t}uHK&Sdaom pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;aumiftaejzifh “ vufa0S@yGJq&m” wa,muftvm;wlpGm cufcJaom jy\emrsm;/ &_yfaxG;aomjy\emrsm; rwkdufckdufcif vG,fulpGmwkdufckdufEkdifaom jy\emrsm;twGuf pDpOfay;Ekdifonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh wGef'kdqdyfurf;&Sd v_yf&Sm;r_wGif vlxktzGJ@tpnf;i,frsm;rS wqifh ao;i,foaom/ wdusaom jy\emrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;&if; a&&Snfv_yf&Sm;r_toGifjzifh E_dif;,SOfcsuft& &_yfaxG;aom usL;ausmfajr,m jy\emtxd vlxkukd qGJac:um atmifyGJukd ay;EkdifcJhonf? ueOD;wGif vG,fulaom toif;tyif;i,frsm; y&d,m,frsm; xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;jzifh ti,fwef; tpkd;& t&m&Sdi,frsm;rS pwifcJh+yD; aemufykdif;wGif }uD;rm;aom vlxk v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ykdrkdwkd;wufaom vlxkor*~rsm; xdyfwkduf awG@r_rsm;ESihf zDvpfykdifAkdvfcsKyfrsm; urBmhb%f ponfjzifh tiftm;}uD;rsm;ESifh &ifqkdif&ef OD;aqmifEkdifcJhonf?

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Tenf;emukdypfy,fcJhr_a=umifh toif;tyif;rsm;pGm 0rf;enf;zG,fusqHk;cJh=uonfrSm owdðyzG,f&myifjzpfonf? wGef'kdwGif yxrqHk;zGJ@pnf;cJhaom tapmqHk;toif;rsm;rSm ±_yfaxG;eufeJvSaom usL;ausmfajr,mjy\emrsm;ukd ukdifwG,f ajz&Sif;&if; usqHk;cJh=u&onf? ‚jy\em&yfrSm ±_yfaxG;vGef;vS+yD; wpHkvHk;ukd em;vnfEkdif&ef cufcJjcif; / vlxkukd,fwkdif em;rvnfaoma=umifh yl;aygif;yg0ifr_ usvmjcif;/ vlxkru|rf;0ifaom v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;jzifjcif;a=umifhyif usqHk;cJh=u&onf? TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vlxktiftm;tay: ±_jrif&mY vspfv#L±_vGef;+yD; ajrykdif&Sifrsm; tpkd;&Xmersm;ukd twkduftcHðy&mtm;vHk;Y ‚wkd@ wnf;wnf;om aqmif&Gufajz&Sif;jcif;rsm;ðycJh=uonf? aemufqHk;wGif ‚acgif;aqmifrsm; onf av&[wf}uD;ab;rS 'GefuGD;Zkwf yrm vlxkaxmufcHr_r&SdjzpfcJh&onf? tjcm;wzufwGif olwkd@'kuQawG@cJh=uonfrSm wkdufyGJwGif;rS xGufvmaomtzGJ@i,frsm; yl;aygif;I wdkufyGJwGif;rS nDn$wf aoG;pnf;vmaom tiftm;}uD;rm;a=umufrufzG,f wdkufcdkufa&;tiftm;}uD;udk arG;xkwf&rnfhtpm; tiftm; csdeJ@aom puULay:rSm oufoufomom&Sdaeaom tzGJ@i,frsm;ESifhom rnDr!GwfwkdufyGJpcJhaoma=umifhjzpfonf? ‚tjyif vkdtyfcsufrSm wpHkvHk;twGuf pnf;±Hk;a&;aoe*FAsL[mcsrSwfjcif;/ atmifyGJi,frsm;tqifhqihfrSwqifh vlxkukd rnfonfhae&mOD;aqmifoGm;rnfr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf? wGef'kdESifh tjcm;usL;ausmuf&yfuGufrsm;twGuf wpHkvHk;aoe*FAsL[mrSmajrykdifqkdifa&;yifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm; acgif;aqmifrsm; taejzifh em;vnfxm;&rnfrSm vufawG@tajctaerS wqifh ajr,mjy\emukd rnfokd@ wdusaom awmif;qkdcsuf OD;wnfcsuf&Sd&rnfukdyif / olwkd@ ,ckaexkdif&majrae&mukd vkdcsifovm;/ tjcm;ae&mwGif ae&mcsxm;jcif;ukd vufcHrvm;/ 'grS[kwf ESpfckpvHk;vm; / ajrjy\emtwGuf ueOD;uyif aemufqHk;&nfrSef;csufukd csrSwfxm;=u&rnf jzpfonf? tvmwlyif aus;vufa'orsm;&Sd v,form;rsm;twGuf wpHkvHk;qkdif&m aoe*FAsL[mcs&mY cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm+yD; v,form;tay:&Sd “pyg;xGufwkd;a&;pepf” ukd oHk;oyf&rnfjzpfonf? rsLd;aph/ "gwfajr=oZm/ ykd;owfaq;/ q,fajrmif;/ acs;aiG ponfjzihf tpkd;&xHrS xkwfvkyfr_ ykdrkdwkd;wufap&ef twGuf &vm=uonf? okd@aomf wu,fhwu,fhwGif v,form; wOD;tzkd@ 0ifaiGrSm ykdrkdenf;vm=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh oHk;oyf&rnfrSm wpHkvHk;pepfwGif rnfonfwkd@ukd ðyjyif&rnf/ rnfonfwkd@ukdz,fypfvsif v,form;wkd@b0wkd;wufrnfukd oHk;oyf=u&rnf? rsLd;pyg;aumif; §acs;aiGpepf§ pyg;0,f,la&;pepf ponfjzifhjzpfonf? v_yf&Sm;r_tm;vHk;onf aemufqHk;wGif T “txGufwkd;pepf}uD;” ukd rnfokd@ajymif;vJrnfukd OD;wnf&rnf jzpfonf? 5? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emtqifhqifhukd jzwfoef;+yD; vlxktm;ukd,fykdifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; ukd,fwkdifcsrSwfapa&; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm; vlxktpnf;t&Hk;rsm; zGJ@pnf;a&;tqifhqifhY t"duusaom tcef;u¾rS yg0ifayonf? v_H@aqmfjcif;/ wkdufwGef;jcif;/ jiif;cHkjcif;/ t}uHay;jcif;/ wkdufyGJqifjcif;/ oHk;oyfjcif;/ pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; pojzifh jzpfonf? okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsmrS rvkyfoifhrvkyfxkdufonfrSm vlxktwGuf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? vlxkonf olwkd@twGuf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdifcsrSwf&rnfjzpfonf? TonfrSm enf;Oya'oyif jzpfonf? (vlxkrSm zdESdyfcH&olrsm;jzpf+yD; olwkd@vGwfajrmufa&;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdif aqmifusOf;&rnfjzpfayonf?) TonfrSm vufawG@vkyfaqmif&rnfyifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,mufonf wcsdefxJwGif vlxktm;vHk;ukd vufvSrf;rDSrnf r[kwfay? olwkd@tm;vHk;ukdvnf;t}uHay;tkyfcsKyfEkdifrnfr[kwfay? tu,fI olwkd@ukd,fwkdifpdwfa&mukd,fyg qHk;jzwfcsuf rsm; rcsor# qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;r&Sdv#if vufawG@taumiftxnfay:vmrnfr[kwf? tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;onf olwkd@ukd axmufcHaom olwkd@ukd t}uHay;or# vkyfaom/ eD;pyfaom acgif;aqmiftcsKd@ pum;ukd ,Hk=unfum qHk;jzwfcsuftrSm;rsm; ðyrdwwf=uonf? vlxktzkd@ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csonfqkdaomvnf; trSefrSm tenf;pku ,cifqHk;jzwfxm;csufwckukd axmufcHvkduf=u+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;onf 'Drkdua&pDpepf pepfwckukd ysufacsmfacsmf vkyfaomouJhokd@jzpfaomtðytrlomjzpfonf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;onf qef@usifzuftpGef; trSm;wckukd usL;vGefrdwwf=ujyefonf? olwkd@onf vlxkukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcsa&; qkdonfukd “pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;xHrS tpysLd;r_ t}uHt^m%f/ pDpOf&Sdr_rygyJ tvdkvdk vlxku xºuvmatmif apmifhqkdif;jcif;oufouf” enf;jzifh t"dy`g,fzGifh rdwwfjyefonf? tcsdefumv=umjrifhpGmuyif zdESdyfjcif; tqufqufukd cHpm;vm=u&aomvlxktzkd@ wr[kwfcsif; enf;y&d,m,frsm; t}uHt^m%frsm; olwkd@vGwfajrmufa&; v_yf&Sm;r_twGuf tpðyEkdifrnfr[kwfay? xkd@a=umifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;vkdtyfjcif;jzpfonf? ol@tzkd@ pwifv_H@aqmf&rnfjzpf+yD; vkdyftyfygu wtdrfwufqif;v_H@aqmf/ jy\em rJD;armif;xkd;jy/ enf;y&d,m,ft}uHðy pnf;a0;yGJrsm; pDpOf +yD;onfhaemufwGif v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; tpysLd;zef;wD;vmEkdifrnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf oltzkd@ qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;ukd pDrHcef@cGJcGifhr&Sday?

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vlxkukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcsykdifcGifhukd b,fvkdumuG,fxdef;odrf;=urvJ ? ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;tzkd@ wOD;csif;wOD;csif; rulnDaom enf;y&d,m,frsm;ukdt}uHðy&rnfjzpfonf? wOD;csif;ukd wcsdefwGif ajym&rnf? okd@aomf wu,f tpnf;ta0;wGif olukd,fwdkif xif&Sm;pGm ryg0ifoifhay? olwkd@tzkd@ aemufqkH; y&d,m,fudk udk,fwdkifqkH;jzwfap&rnfjzpfonf? wcgw&H tpnf;ta0;t+yD; &vm'fonf pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;. e*kdt}uHay;csuf twdkif;r[kwf yJjzpfwwfonf/ vltrsLd;rsLd;pdwftaxGaxG awGjzpf&m &Snf=umaom aqG;aEG;yGJESifh pOf;pm;t}uHðy aqG;aEG;csufrS Todk@ay: xGufvm&jcif;jzpfonf? Tu¾ESifhywfoufI pnf;±Hk;a&;r_tqifhqifhwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;rsm;onf "gwfulypPnf;ozG,f (=um;cHozG,f)aeoifh+yD; cs,fvS,fol wa,muftjzpf r&Sdoifhay? pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;wa,mufu 'DvdkjznfhpGufygw,f? “vlxkawG&J@ wDxGifzefwD;r_[m ajrvGmatmufua&eH awGvdkwdrfjrêyfaewwfygw,f/ 'g[mol@tvdkvdk

ray:xGufvmEldifbl;/ zdESdyfr_awGutv$mv$m txyfxyf zkH;tkyfxm;w,f? tjrifvGJrSm;r_awG/ orkdif;a&;/ vlr_taqmuftOD; tcuftcJawGu zHk;tkyfxm;w,f?

tjyifzufu pnf;±Hk;a&;orm; wa,muf&J@ wm0efu 'Dtwm;tqD;awGukd avsmhenf;atmif tpysKd; ay;zkd@ygyJ? olwkd@ ukd owif;ay;jcif;/ t}uHay;jcif;enf;eJ@ ulnDEkdifygw,f? 'gayr,hf aemufqHk;&nfrSef;csuf xm;&rSmuawmh olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfEkdifwJh t&nftcsif;/ wDxGifzefwD;r_ygyJ?

vlenf;enf;qkd&if tcsdef=umr,f? vlrsm;&if tcsdefjrefr,f/ 'DoabmygyJ? aemufqHk;rSm a&eH [may:xGuf vmr,f 'gawmifrS 'g[m vlxkrSm&SdwJhpGrf;tm;&J@ w0ufavmufyJ&Sdao;w,fqkdwm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u rSef;xm;&ygr,f?

ajr&Sifwykdif;pepfxJaewJh usaemfwkd@tzdk@ tm;enf;csufwck tvG,fjzpfvmwwfygw,f? tJ'guawmh tm%m&Sifpepf atmufrSm a&&SnfaevmwJhtcg “bma=umifh” qkdwJh ar;cGef; rvkdyJ vkdyfukdif&wJh "avha=umifh 'Dtusifh[m pnf;±Hk;a&;or; awGrSm pGJvmwwfygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m vufatmufi,fom; pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;awG tay:rSm “oufrSwfcsuf csay;jcif;/ ta&twGuf tpd&ifcHpmrsm;awmifqkdjcif;” pojzihf zdtm;ay;ovkdjzpfwwfygw,f? jyifyu 'Dvkdpnf;urf;owfrSwf ay;wmrsKd; vHk;0a&Smif&Sm;&ygvdrfhr,f/ tqifhwkdif;rSm olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif aqG;aEG;/ &Sif;vif; oabmayguf =u+yD; rS vkyfukdif ap&ygr,f? ”

'Denf;jzifh pnf;urf;[m twGif;rSm wnf+rJvmygvdrfhr,f?

tykdif; (2) pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm; tcef;(1) pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;aumif;wa,muftwGuf tajccHt&nftcsif; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftwGuf tajccHt&nftcsif;tcsKd@ r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfygonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;wGif oabmxm; rSef&efvkdtyfovkd/ pnf;±Hk;a&;pGrf;&nftajccH &Sd&efvnf; vkdtyfygonf? okd@aomf vlwkdif; vkyfief;tpykdif;wGif r&SdEkdifay? vkyfief;twGif;rSyif oif=um;&ayr,f? oifwef;rS t&nftaoG;rsm;ukd wkd;wufzG@Hòz;atmif/ ikH@&_d;ae&mrS ay:vmatif oifay;Ekdifonfjzpf+yD; tjcm;t&nftaoG;rsm;ukd ^m%f&Sdovkd oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfonf? atmufygtcef;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;twGuf tajccHt&nftcsif;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;xm;+yD; ‚wkd@ukd vlpk&mwGif tajccH pHtjzpf vnf; oHk;Ekdifygonf? 15

1? &kdaoukdif;±_dif;r_uif;rJhjcif; ( OyuQm0g') pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf &kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_r&Sd&[kqkd&mY bmukd qkdvkdygoenf? usaemfwkd@ qkdvkdonfrSm ol@wGif "avhxHk;pH/ Oya'/ wefbkd; ponfwkd@onf jynfol@tusKd;ukd qef@usifvm&mY tvG,fwul ypfy,fEkdif&rnfholjzpf&ygrnf? tm%mykdifrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW,m; Oya'rsm;onf jynfol@tusKd;aqmif&ef jiif;y,f vmaomtcg qef@usif&ef 0efrav;&rnfoljzpf&ygrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf bmwckudkkrS &kdaoukdif;&_dkif;r_ r&Sdol jzpf&ygrnf? qef@usifzuftm;jzifh jynfolESifh ‚wkd@. b0ukd ,Hk,Hk=unf=unf&kdaoukdif;&_dif;oljzpf&ygrnf? Oykofonf vltwGufjzpf&ygrnf? OykoftwGuf vl rjzpf&yg? 'DvkdrsKd; ±kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_uif;rJ@jcif; b,fvkdpwifvmovJ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh ‚. vkyfief;rsm;pwifonfESifh wòyifeuf ,cifu olukdifpGJxm;aom wefbkd;rsm;ESifh yËdyuQ jzpfvmawmhonf? vspfvsL&_&ygawmhonf? ol. wefbkd;qkdif&m owfrSwfcsufrsm;onf olxkv_yf&Sm;r_twGif; vlxk tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh ,SOfvmaotcg ajymif;vJowfrSwf&awmhonf? toif;tyif;rsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW,m;rsm;/ tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh twkduftcHp&awmhonf? wcgw&H pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;onf jzwfoef;&if;ESifhyif &ifhusufvm& awmhonf? “usaemfpnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;tpykdif;umvrSmyJ jy\emi,fav; pwif}uHK&awmhw,f? usaemfwkd@tykdifu 3 OD;[m tzrf;cH&+yD; axmifcscH&w,f? usaemfvJ tuGufawG@+yDqkd+yD; tJ'Drdom;pkukd v_H@aqmfpnf;±Hk;ygawmhw,f? usaemfwkd@u bk&m;ausmif;aumfrwDukd ukd,fpm;vS,fwzGJ@v$wfygw,f? “EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtwGufyg/” tJ'Dukd,fpm;vS,fawGukd wa,muf yDqkd 50 ay;+yD; jyefv$wfvkdufygw,f? usaemfwkd@ odaewmuawmh bk&m;ausmif;u tJ'Dukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd jrefjrefxGufoGm;apcsifwmygyJ? tJ'Drdom;pkawGuawmh olwkd@'DvkdqufqHcH&wmudk rauseyf=uygbl;? olwkd@jyefcsif=uw,f? aemufykdif;usaemfwkd@ od&wmu tJ'DaumfrwDu olwkd@bk&m;ausmif;utzrf;cH&olawGeJ@ tpnf;ta0;awG twGuf aiGukd ykd+yD; oHk;pGJw,f/ qif;&JwJ@ rdom;pkawGqDu tzrf;cH&wJh EkdifiHa&;orm;awGtwGufusawmh aiGeJeJyJoHk;ygw,f? usaemf awGa0&ygw,f? tJ'DaumfrwDuvlawG[m usaemholi,fcsif;t&if;awGyg? usaemf&nf&G,f&rSmawmh usaemfwkd@ bk&m;ausmif;/ tm%mykdifawGu usaemhtckoifwef;ukd aiGa=u;axmufyHolawG/ wywfavmuf usaemfrqHk;jzwfEkdifbl;? tckawmh 'Djy\em[m usaemhjy\emjzpfvmyg+yD? usaemf 'Djy\emukd oifwef;u q&meJ@aqG;aEG;ygw,f? olu usaemhukd “&kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_rJjcif;(OyuQmw&m;)” ukd &Sif;jyygw,f? usaemfwkd@ bk&m;ausmif;ukd a0zefzkd@ a&SifvGJzkd@ rjzpfEkdifygbl;? usaemfwkd@&wmu aiGtenf;i,fyJ/ usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fwmu wckvHk; ðyjyifzkd@/ usaemfwkd@ opPmykd&Sd&rSmu jynfolygyJ? usaemhtwGufawmh qHk;jzwfcsuf[m jynfolawG vkdtyfvsufeJ@ qHk;jzwfygw,f/ +yDawmh usaemfwkd@pmwrf;wapmifa&;+yD; tJ'D aumfrwD&J@ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ukd a0zefvkdufygw,f? wkdkufckdufvdkyfygw,f?” tvm;wlpGmyif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf tzdESdyfcHrsm;tay:wGifvnf; OyuQmw&m;xm;&SdEkdifzkd@r#a0&ayrnf? vlxktzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;+yD;aomtcg wcgw&H vlxkacgif;aqmifrsm;u zdESdyfolrsm;jzpfvmwwfonfukdawG@&Sd&ayrnf? TtjzpftysufrsKd;onf wcgw&Htvkyform;or*~rsm;wGif awG@&wwfonf? wcgw&Hvkyfcwkd;a&; wkdufyGJrsm;wGif atmufyGJ}uD;pGm&+yD;aemuf tcsKd@acgif;aqmifwkd@onf olwkd@aqmif&GufcJhr_/ twdwfu tjzpftysufrsm;arhum b0ifjrifhoGm; wwf=uonf? vlxku Tacgif;aqmifrsm;ukdvnf; wzefjyefðzwfcs=ujyefonfukd awG@&Sd&ayrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;a&m/ zdESdyfcH vlxkrsm;yg vlxkukd zdESdyfol rnfolukd rqkd OyuQmw&m;xm;&SdEkdifatmifoif=um;&ayrnf? tm%m&Sifrsm;ukd &kdao a=umuf&GH@pdwf aysufvmjzif;jzifh “wdwfqdwfaom,Ofaus;r_”vnf; tvkdvkdyaysufvmayvdrfhrnf? ,cifu a=umuf&GH@ae =uaom vlxku zdESdyfolrsm;ukd qef@usif&aumif;rSef;odvmaomtcg atmifyGJ&zkd@ ra0;awmhay? 2? [oOm%f&Sdjcif; tvm;wlpGmyif pdwfnpf!l;p&mrsm;a&Smif&SmEkdif+yD;/ vlxkukd pn;±Hk;Ekdif&efrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufY [o^m%f &Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf? t&m&mwkdif;tay: Oyrmtm;jzifh vlxk/ jy\em/ &efol/ aemufqHk;wOD;wa,muftay: umvtwkdif; tqtvkduf [mo^m%f&Sd&Sdazmfjyjcif;jzifh vlxk}uD;. vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;onf 0efxkwf0efykd;}uD;wcktjzpf aqmif&Guf&jcif;rS a&Smif&Sm;Ekdifonf?

16

,if;okd@[o^m%fonf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf? oltaumif;qHk;rnfr#aqmif&Guf&Guf/ ‚onf awmfvSefa&;wckvHk;. wpdwfwykdif;jzpfa=umif;vnf;em;vnfxm;&ayrnf? wu,fhwu,fwGif vlxkukd,fwkdifuyif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;tm; uarmufurjzpfyHk/ [o tcsKd@ukd jyefvnfoif=um; wwf=uonf? vlxkwGif olwkd@jy\emESifh tm;enf;csuftay:&,fyGJzGJ@I ajzazsmufwwfaom t&nftcsif;onf tvkdvkd &Sd+yD;jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ odyf+yD; av;av;eufeuf tm&Hkpkdufxm;jcif;/ a[majymjcif;rsLd;a&Smif=unf&ef vkdtyfovkd tjcm;tpGef;wzufjzpfaom t&$ef;azgufvGef;jcif;ukdvnf;a&Smif&efvkdtyfonf? acgif;aqmifwa,muf TuJhodk@ ajymonf ? “ pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu t+rJ 'Da'oukdvmwkdif; =unfh&wm odyf+yD;av;av;eufeuf wnfwnf=unf=unf vkyfaew,f/ vufukdykdufxm;vkd@/ vlxk=um;xJvm+yD; wm0efawG cGJay;w,f? tvkyf±HkxJu zkdrifwa,mufvkdyJ? 'geJ@ usaemfu [oav;bmav;vJajymyg/ &,f&,farmarmav;vJaeygOD;vkd@ ta}uHay;&w,f? aemufwa,muf=uawmh tjcm;wzufpGef;jyefa&m/ wae@vHk;vm+yD; [m[/ &,fp&mcsnf;yJvmajymae&m/ 'geJ@ wa,mufu vmar;w,f / ol &_;ae ovm;wJh” pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGukd [oajymzkd@wkdufwGef;wmxuf/ ol[m vlxkqDuem;axmif&r,f/ olwkd@bmudkoabmusw,f/ bmawG &Dp&mjzpf&w,f/ [oawGtvkyfcGifu yHkjyifawG/ 'gawGem;axmif+yD; csifhcsdef[m[^m%f &Sd&Sd csOf;uyf&if vlxk[m ukd,feJ@ ykdeD;pyfvmygvdrfhr,f? 3? wDxGifzefwD;EkdifpGrf;&Sdr_ b,ftjzpftysuf/ t&m0wWKawGukdrqkd pnf;±Hk;a&;u&d,mtjzpf toHk;ðyEkdifygonf? okd@aomf vkdtyfcsufrSm jzpfwefpGrf;ukd =unfhI wDxGifzefwD;EkdifpGrf;ESifh }uH&nfzef&nf&Sdr_omjzpfonf? ykwf&[ef;rif;}uD; trSwf(6) zdvpfykdifEkdifiHokd@ vma&mufvnfywfoGm;aomtacg redvm&Sd bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;udk wGef'kd&Sd tkd;rJhtdrfrJhrsm;ukd apmifha&Smuf&ef aiGtcsKd@ v_KoGm;cJhygonf? 1972 cka&mufaomtcg ZOTO ( ZGef(c) wGef'kkdtoif;) rS bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;xHrS ulnDaiG&&Sdvmr_usqif; vmjcif; ukd wkdufwGef;cJhygonf? okd@aomf ‚rS ‚aiGrsm;onf vlr_zlvHka&;pDrHudef;rsm;oufoufom jzpfa=umif; ta=umif; jyefaomtcg xkdusL;ausmf&yfuGufrS vlrsm;ukd pk±Hk;ap+yD; redvm bkef;awmf}ud;wyg;ykdifaom a'ob%fi,fwckwGif wa,muf 1 yDqkdpDjzifh tvkt,uf b%f taumifh zGifh=ujcif;jzifh b%ftm; wae@vHk;tvkyfysufapcJh&m/ bkef;awmf}uD;rSm raqG;aEG;yJraeEkdifatmifjzpfcJh&awmhhonf? rdrd.}uH&nfzef&nfESifh wDxGifzefwD;EkdifpGrf;&Sd&ef }udK;pm;&rnfhenf;vrf;rSm ,Qifvlrsm;.enf;y&d,m,fESifhenf;emrsm; yHkjyifrsm; em;axmifjzif;yifjzpfonf? Ttjzpftysufukd =umjrifhpGmu oHk;pGJcJh+yD; ,QK roHk;pGJonfrSm =umygu jyefvnf wDxGifoHk;pGJEkdifovkd/ rdrda&G;cs,fp&mvrf;vnf;ykdrsm;vmrnfjzpfonf? ‚tjyif ykdrkdwkd;wufaom tqifhw&yfukdvnf; wufvSrf;rdaprnfjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdjyefajymygw,f? “usL;ausmftdrf,mawGud jyefae&mcsxm;ay;wJhae&m[m *syeftdrf,mukr`%Dwcku ‘pGef@ypfypPnf;u

jyefxkwf vkyfwJh pDrHudef;’ a=umifhr=umc% a&v$rf;cHae&ygw,f? a&awG pkyHkaer_a=umifh ,ifawGrsm;+yD; ul;pufa&m*g tpHkygyJ? usaemf wkd@oHk;aewJh ig;a&mif;0,fwJh ae&mu oHk;wJh yvyfpwpftdwfrsm;ukd owd&rdw,f? tJ'Dawmh *syeft&m&SdeJ@ oGm;awG@wJhtcg ,ifaumifawGukd yvyfpwpftdyfxJxnfhoGm;+yD; olavat;puf±Hk;cef;xJv$wfay;vkdufw,f? tJ'Denf;ukd oHk;vkdufw,f?”

wDxGifzefwD;Ekdifr_[m rkd;ay:usvmwmr[kwfygbl;? ykvufukvm;xkdifrSm tcef@om; xkdifae&mu awmufajymifwJh t}uHaumif;wck rjzpfvmEkdifygbl;/ wDxGifzefwD;EkdifwJhpGrf;&nf[m pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf&J@ avhvmr_umv=umjrifhpGm &SdcJhwJh tawG@t}uHK/ enf;y&d,m,fawGeJ@&if;+yD; rS jzpfvmwmyg? 'DvkdygyJ/ pm&Gufay:uvmwJh wDxGifxm;wJhenf;y&d,m,f awG[m p+yD;awmh vkyfwJh pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rSm jzpfvnf;rjzpfEkdifygbl;/ vkdvJrvkdtyfygbl;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf poifh wumuawmh/ pwifcsOf;uyfoifhwmuawmh tvG,fulqHk;t&kd;om;qHk;enf;awGygyJ? vlxku &ifhusufvmav olwkd@ twkduftcH uvnf; tawG@t}uHKºu,f0vmav? vlxkzufu enf;y&d,m,fopfawGaqmif;qkdvmr,f? 'DawmhrSom wDxGifzefwD;+yD;awmh enf;opfawGeJ@ &ifqkdif&rSmjzpfw,f? 17

4? aysmhajymif;r_ tjzpftysuf (2) ck[m b,fawmhrS xyfwlruswwfygbl;? tjzpftysufawG[m tcsdefwkdtwGif;rSm ajymifvJae=u ygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m 'dtajctaeukd trSDvdkuf&rSmyg? ajymifvJwJh tajctaeukdod+yD; ol@&J@ e*kdt}uHtpnf ukd tajctaeeJ@vkduf+yD; ajymif;Ekdif&ygw,f? 'gukd “aysmhajymif;r_” vkd@qkdvkdygw,f? 'gukd ‘tcGifhta&;orm;’ ‘tacsmif0g'’ e@J rrSm;apvkdygbl;? ‘aysmhajymif;r_’ qkdwm umva'o ukdvkduf+yD;&nfrSef;csufa&mufatmif rdrdenf;emawGukd ajymif;vJoGm;wmyg? ‘tacsmiform;’ rSmawmh ukd,fusLd;pD;yGm;uvGJvkd@ tjcm; }uD;}uD;rm;rm;&nfrSef;csufvHk;0r&Sdygbl;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m b,fvkdtajctaerSm ‘aysmhajymif;r_’ t&nftcsif;&SdvmrvJ? 'g[mtjcm; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; rsm;eJ@ tawG@t}uHKzvS,fjcif;/ aphpyfpGm aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;u &vmwJh toD;tyGifhygyJ? tajctaewpHkw&mwlwJh jy\em&yfwcktay:rSmawmifrS csOf;uyfyHk enf;trsLd;rsLd;&Sdw,fqkdwm ol oif=um;&rSmygyJ? 'gukd tajctaetvkdyf oif=um;&rSmyg? wcgw&HrSm twkduftcHrsm;/ xdyfwkdufwif;rmr_awG@eJ@ }uHK&Ekdif+yD; wcgw&HrSm jiif;ompGm oD;cH&wmrsKd;&Sd wwfygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdavhvmrdygw,f? “ wcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGuawmh yifukd,fobm0t& ukd aysmhajymif;r_ykd&Sd=uw,f? olwkd@vlr_qufqHa&;rSm xl;c|ef=u+yD; vG,fvG,fulul rdwfaqGjzpfwwf=uw,f? tcsKd@vlawGuawmh pnf;±Hk;a&;rSm obm0t&ukd !Hhwwfwwf/olwkd@ ajymcsifwmukd &Sif;atmif ajymjyzkd@xuf olwkd@t,ltqukdajymjyzkd@yjodw,f? 'gayr,fh olwkd@ [efyeftajymtqkdu vltm;vHk;vufcHzkd@ }udKufzkd@rvG,fvSbl;? 'gayr,fh ol@rSm vlxkukd tvkyftau|;ðyzkd@ odyfpdwfxufoefvGef;wmqkd&ifawmh vlxkudk pnf;&Hk;zkd@ wkdufyGJ0ifzkd@ odyfrcuf=uygbl;? vlxku em;vnfay;wwfw,f? 5? +rJ+rHjcif;/ ckdif+rJjcif; ckdif+rJjcif;uawmh pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,muftwGuf txl;vkdyftyfcsufjzpffygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;[m pdwfv_yf&Sm;zG,f/ pdwful;,Ofp&maumif;ovkd/ &Snf=um+yD; +iD;aiG@vmwwfwJhoabmvnf;&Sdygw,f? ol[m 'Dtvkyfukd ae@w"l0 vkyf&wJhtcg wcgwav vltrsm;pku vufavsmhcsifpdwfawG§ &yfypfzkd@}udK;pm;wwf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muf[m+rJ+rHr,fqkd&ifawmh ol@rSm^m%fodrfrxufjruf/ t&nf;tcsif;r&SdvS&ifawmif tcsdef=umjrifh vmwme@J tr# ol[m &ifhusufºu,f0vmvdrfhr,f? +rJ+rHzkd@[m vlxkukd tm%m&atmifaqmifusOf;ay;wJ@vkyfief;rSm odyfvkdtyfw,f? 'g[mwcsufwnf;tm;xkwf&HkeJ@ &wmr[kwfbl;? tzdESdyfcHawG&ifhusufvmwJhumv tqifhqifhe@J olwkd@ukd,folwkd@ wm0ef&Sdw,f,lqvmzkd@ tcsdef,l &ygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&rª;wa,muf[m 'DtemcH&wJh tqifhawGausmfjzwf&r,fqkdwm em;vnfxm;&r,f? olukd,fwkdif eJ@ vlxk[m twdwfumv orkdif;a=umif;eJ@ a[mif;jrif;wJ@ tawG@t}uHK a[mif;}uD;awGukd wGef;vSefypf&rSmrkd@ jzpfw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;orm;wOD;u 'Dvkdajymjyygw,f? “ usaemfae@wkdif; eHeuf 5 em&Dx&ygw,f? 'Djy\emawGeJ@yJ ntxd vkyf&ygw,f? 'DvkdrsLd;ckdifrmwJh

qHk;jzwfcsufvnf; vkdtyfygw,f/ 'grS tcuftcJawGtm;vHk;ukd wajz;ajz;ausmfjzwfEkdifrSmjzpfw,f? 'Dckdif+rJr_xuf ykdzkd@ qkd&if ukd,fhukd,fukd avhusifhysLd;axmifr_vnf;ta&;}uD;vSygw,f? oifwef;rª; (pnf;±Hk;a&;)eJ@t}uH^m%f,ljcif;/ tao;pdwfwifjyjcif;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;&J@ vkyfief;aqmifwmawGukd pDppf oHk;oyfjcif;awG vkdygw,f? 'DtygwftwGif; vlrnfr# awG@cJhovJ? wa,mufpdukd b,favmuf=um=um pum;ajymcJhovJ/ bmta=umif;awGvJ/ xyfpum;ajym=unfhyg? bmjy\emawGawG@&ovJ/ vlxk b,favmufcHpm;e&ovJ? wjznf;jznf;eJ@ ukd,f jyif;jyif;xefxef rvkyf&if vlwa,mufukd pnf;±Hk;& rvG,fbl;qkdwm awG@vm&ygvdrfhr,f?

'Dvkdjyefvnfppfaq;jcif;[m oifwef;om; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGtzkd@ a&S@okd@ a&S@okd@ wdk;wufvmapygvdrfhr,f? vkdtyfcsuf wckukd vG,fvG,ful&aewm ,lrvm;/ pGef@ypfrvm;?”

oifwef;q&mwOD;u 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f? “ pdwful,Oform;awGuawmh vlxkrSm ykdrkdjynfhpHkwJh urBmwckzefwD;zkd@ toifhjzpfw,f? olwkd@ukd,folwkd@ vGwfajrmufa&; ukd aqmifusOf;EkdifwJh tiftm;awG&Sdw,fvkd@ ,kH=unfwwf=uw,f? olwkd@wcsufusefcJhwwf=uw,f? olwkd@ oabmrayguf=uwmuawmh ESpf&Snfvrsm; zdESdyfr_vufatmufrSm aecJh&olrsm;tzkd@ 'Dvkd}uD;jrufwJh t&nftcsif;awG[m tusifhqkd;awGeJ@ zHk;zdaewwfwmygyJ? Oyrmtm;jzihf pdwful;,OfolawGu pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufjzpfvm+yD; atmufajcrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;pwifwJhtcg oljrif&wJhvlxktcsif;csif; tcGifhta&;,lwmawG/ ti,fpm;rormr_awG/ 'kp&kdufawG awG@vm&wJhtcgxdwfvef@oGm;=uawmh

18

wmyJ / ,Hk=unfcsufodrfjyif;xefwJholawG tzkd@rSmawmh vlxk[m olwkd@urBmukd olwkd@ ajymif;vJEkdifw,f/ olwkd@[m olwkd@ zdESdyfolawGeJ@ bmrSruGmbl;qkdwm od=uw,f? tvm;wlyJ tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGu tjcm;pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;awG&J@ toHk;cscHjzpf&rSmukd a=umuf&GH@aewwf=uw,f? 'g[m zdESdyfcH&wJholawGqDu ay:xGufvmwJh enf;awGr[kwfbl;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGqDu vmwmyJjzpfw,f? pdwful;,Ofwwf wJh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;orm;awGu 'dvkd toHk;cscH&w,f pojzihf odwfpdwfxJxm;=uw,f? 'g[m t"dy`g,fr&Sdbl;/ bmjzpfvkd@vJ qkdawmh 'g[m vlxku vHk;0pnf;pm;wmrsKd;r[kwfbl;/ OD;aqmifr_rSef&if t}uHay;or# vkyf=uwmjzpfw,f? vlxku t,l tq wckudk pOf;pm;+yD; olwkd@[m tjypfcH,l&ifawmh 'g[m rkd;ay:uswJh wpdrf;w&Hpm tawG;tac:r[kwfawmhbl;/ olwkd@xJ u wpdwfwykdif;jzpfoGm;awmhw,f?” pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f? “pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m vlxkurodvkd@ tvkdtavsmufðyr_wJhudpPwcka=umifh b,fawmhrSpGef@cGmroGm;ygeJ@/

vlxk[m b0wav#mufvHk;avSmifcsKdifhxJrSm aevm&w,f? 'Dawmh b,fvkdvGwfajrmuf&r,frSef; csufcsif; rodEkdif=ubl;/ olwkd@ukd ulnD&r,f/ wHcg;ukd b,fvkdcsKd;csuf&r,fqkdwm jy&r,f?

tvmwl avSmiftdrfwHcg;ukd ukd,fwkdif±kdufrcsKd;&bl;/ vlxka&S@u ausmf+yD; rvkyf&bl;/ 'gvJtrSm;wckjzpfw,f?” 6? vlxktay:trSefwu,f opPm&Sdr_§cspfcifr_ tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;awGu vlxktay: cspfcifr_qkdwm vlxkukd cav;awGvkdtumtuGmfay;wmvkd@ t"dy`g,fzGifh =uw,f? 'g[mtz}uD;pkd;wJh 0g'ukd yHkpHwrsKd;eJ@azmfjywmyJ? 'g[mt+rJrSDckdaeatmif/ tm%mrJhatmifvkyfxm;&musw,f? vlxkudk wu,fcspfwJhol[m olwkd@ukd t=uyftwnf; umuG,fay;rxm;&bl;/ 'gukd jzwfoef;+yD; &ifhusuf}uD;xGm;ap&r,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjyw,f? “olwkd@u usaemhukd toem;cHv$m wapmifa&;ay;zkd@ajymvmw,f? 'g[m r=umygbl;/ a&;vkduf&if c%ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh usaemfulnDvkduf&if olwkd@ bmwwfvmrvJ? usaemhqHk;jzwfcsufyJjzpfaerSmyJ/ wcg olwdk@ tpkd;&±Hk;ukd oGm;zkd@ }uH=uwJhtcg olwkd@rSm c&D;p&dwfr&Sdbl;ajymw,f/ olwkd@ukd usaemfay;r,fhtpm; usaemfajymjyw,f/ cifAsm;wkd@ 'Djy\em wu,fvkyf=ur,fqkd&if aiGpk=uaygh/ vl roGm;Ekdif&if 'Dukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ ukd aiGulnD=uaygh”vkd@ ajymvkdufw,f? 'Dxufykdeuf&_dif;vmwJhtcg-- usaemfyxrjy\emeJ@ xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rjzpfcif owkd@eJ@twl a&S@aqmifoGm;wm rSefw,f xifcJhw,f? vlxk awGu atmf[pf+yD; aemufqufwGJtusKd;awG/ atmifjrifr_awG &cJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh usaemfa&S@aqmifwufcJhw,f bmjzpfvkd@vJ qkdawmh 'grS olwkd@&J@ ikwf&_d;aewJh tawG@t}uHK &vmrSmrkd@ jzpfw,f? tjcm;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u awmh vlxktay:cspfcifjcif;ukd 'Dvkdaz:jyygw,f? “pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m vlxktoif;tyif;awGu atmifjrifr_awG pwif&vmwJhtcg olukd,foljyefapmifh=unfh &ygr,f? tcsKd@u ukd,fhukd,fukd odyfawmfw,f xifvmwwf+yD;/ 'Datmifjrifr_ukd ukd,hftwGuf ckdif+rJatmifvkyfzkd@ }udK;pm;vm wwf=uw,f? 'gayr,fh t+rJvkdtyfao;w,fvkd@cH,l&vdrfhr,f? tpueOD;rSm ol[m vlxkukd ulnDapmifha&Smufzkd@ r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfygw,f? 'gukd vGefajrmufvmwJhtcg/ vlxkukd ukd,fhtay: rrSDckdap&awmhbl;? ‘olwkd@jrifhwufygap? ukd,fu avsmhygap’ 'DvkdcH,l&vdrfr,f?” tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGuawmh t}uH^m%fawmif;jcif;eJ@ &nf&G,fcsuf ckdifrmjcif;[mvnf; r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfw,fvkd@ cH,l=uw,f?

tcef;(2)

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom trSm;rsm; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;tzkd@ tcsKd@wdk;wufr_ t&nftcsif;rsm;ukd avhvmoif=um;wwfovkd tcsKd@ukdvJ arhavsmh xm;wwf=uonf? tcsKd@vlvwfwef;pm;ynmwwf pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;usL;vGefavh&Sdaom trSm;rsm;ukd azmfjyxm;ygonf?

19

1? pdwful;,mOf0g' qif;&Jom;rsm;=um;wGif raexkdifbl;aom ynmwwfvlvwfwef;pm;rsm;tzkd@ ‚wkd@onf r,Hk=unfEkdifavmufp&m wkd@ukd zefwD;Ekdif=urnf[k ,Hk=unfxm;avh&Sd=uonf? wcgw&H=um;&wwfygonf? “bk&m;a& - - *|efuawmh wu,fjrifhjrwfwJholygyJuGm/ olwae@ xrif;wcgyJpm;w,f/ olrS wu,fhypPnf;rJhygyJ” wu,f trSefrSm qif;&Jjcif;ukd pdwful;,Ofxm;r_omjzpfonf? 2? tzGJ@pnf;wGif jy\emESifh a0zefa&;ukd a=umuf&GH@jcif;? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;onf &efolESifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif&rsm ra=umuf=uay? okd@aomf tzGJ@tpnf;wGif;jy\emESifh a0zefa&;ukdrl &ifqkdif&rSm a=umuf&GH@=uonf? TuJhokd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsKd;onf avhusifhay;aom pnf;±Hk;a&;q&mESifh rdrd taz:rsm;u a0zefa&;ukd wdwfwqdwfa=umuf&GH@aewwf=uonf? 0d0g'uGJp&m jiif;cHkp&m jy\emrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;&ef a&Smif&Smvkd=uonf? ‚rSm oltzkd@ trdef@omay;csifaomt&m&Sd^mOf raysufao;/ ‚wGif ðyjyif&ef vkdtyfao;onfukd azmfjy aeayonf? rnfonfhudpPwGifrqkd/ Ttðytr_rS rsufESmvkyfjcif;/ pnf;pepfrusaomqufqHa&;rsKd;/ tjcm;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;ESifh &Sdvmwwfonf wcgw&Ha0zefa&;onf yk*~Kdvfa&;wkdufckdufovkdjzpfwwfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu ,QKvkd&Sif;jyw,f? “trSm;awGukd wl;qGzkd@eJ@ a0zefzkd@a=umufp&mrvkdbl;/ trSm;qkdwJh tawG@t}uHKawGukd tajccH+yD; oif=um;&rSm jzpfw,f/ tvkyfxJrSm/ rdrdtvkyf jyefvnfoHk;oyfwJhoifwef;rSm/ trSm;[m a&SmifvGJr&Ekdifbl;/ trSm;awGu roif=um;&if usaemfwkd@ ±H_;rSmyJ rkcsyJ?” 'DvkdcH,lxm;Ekdif&ygr,f? tjcm;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f? “usaemhoifwef;q&meJ@ taz:awGqDu ar;cGef;awG / a0zefcsufawG[m odyfrsm;vGef;w,f/ tJ'gawG odyfrsm; vmawmh usaemf olwkd@ukd rkef;vmrdw,f/ usaemfvJtrsm;}uD;jyefajymw,f? aemufawmh 'Da0zefcsufar;cGef;awGatmufrSm oif=um;&rSef;oabmaygufvmw,f? 'Dawmh usaemfodyfrajymawmhbl;? =umvmawmh q&meJ@ taz:awGukd usaemf ukd,fwkdif av;pm;vm&w,f? 3? w&m;ao0g' pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;vkyfief;tqifhqifhwGif pnf;pepf}uD;t&/ pm;tkyf}uD;t& pnf;±Hk;rdjcif;tjzpfokd@ a&muf&Sdwwf =uonf? tu,fI enf;vrf;/ Oya'wkd@ESifh 'DvkdrqkdyJ vkyfrdukdifrdygu rSm;,Gif;ovkd/ aerxd xkdifromjzpfwwf=uonf? pnf;pepf/ Oya'owkd@ukd pmtkyf}uD;twkdif; toHk;ðyp&mrvkday/ tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf tajctae(2)ck b,fawmhrS rwl aoma=umifhjzpfonf? udpPwckwkdif; wckwkdif;wGif taxGaxGrlay:rSm qifhyGm;,l&rnfjzpfayonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh aqmifyk'fwckqkdygpkd@/ “}udKwifjyifqifr_r&SdyJ b,fawmhrS tpnf;ta0;wckrðyvkyfygESifh” qkdygpkd@? okd@aomf wcgw&H tcsKd@udpPrsm;wGif jyefvnf oHk;oyf&efESifh tcsuftvufykdrkd&&Sd&ef udpPwckrðycif tpnf;ta0;vkyf&wwfonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsKd;wGif jyifqifr_ rsm;pGm rvkdtyfay? wzef “vlxk. b0tawG@t}uHKrsm;twGif;rS omtajccHI enf;y&d,m,fcsyg” qkd=uonf? okd@aomf wcg vlxktawG@ t}uHKrSuif;vGwfI ðyvkdyf&ef tajctaeu awmif;qkdvmonfrsm; }uKH=u&wwfonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh usL;ausmftdrf,mrsm; zsufqD;cH&rnfhtcg òr@ukd ydwfqkd@aomtwm;tqD;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;onf vlxktawG@t}uHKwGif topfjzpfonf? yxrqHk;jzpfonf? okd@aomf ‚onf olwkd@tawG@t}uHK. wpdwfwykdif;jzpfvm=u&onf? tvm;wlpGmyif/ pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;q&mrsm;onf ,cifavhvmbl;aom EkdifiHa&;0g'rsm;tay: avhvmzl;aom oDtkd&Drsm;tay: pGJwwf=uonf? xkdtcg ol@0g'rsm;ESifh rukdufnDrnf/ rSm;,Gif;rnfpkd;I ol@pum;rsm;/ tðytrlrsm;onf umva'oESifhtnD ðyjyif&ef jiif;y,fawmhonf? xkdpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;twGuf t"du tcuftcJrSm vlrsm;ESifh aygif;oif; qufqHa&; cufcJjcif;ESifh topfzefwD;r_rsmr&Sdawmhjcif;jzpfonf? wcgw&H wufºuv_yf&Sm;olb0rSvmaom pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;onf pnf;±Hk;&rnfha'ookd@ ae@tcgoGm;&ef jiif;qef wwf=u onf? “&efolu odvdrfhr,f/ rSwfrdw,f” xkdtcg wae@vHk;±Hk;wGif usm;upm;&if;tcsdefðzef;aeonf? ae@tcgoGm;&ef vkdtyfaomtcgwGifvnf; &kyfzsufOD;xkyft}uD}uD;aqmif;oGm;wwfonf? ajymp&mrvkday? ol@tvkyfrSm tusKd;r&SdEdkifay? w&m;ao0g'rSm pnf;±Hk;a&;wGif r&Sdaptyfay?

20

pnf;urf;Oya'orsm;rSm tvkyftwGufvrf;!Gefjzpfonf? okd@aomf t"durSm jynfoljzpfonf? ‚wkd@.b0 tajcaerSef uom pnf;±Hk;a&;toGifESifh vrf;a=umif;ukd jyXmef;ayonf? 4? rl0g'xkwfjcif; ynm&Sifu¾rS vm=uaom rsm;pGmaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;tzkd@ tajctaeukd cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmoHk;oyfjcif;/ tm%m wnfaqmufyHk / jzpfysufyHk/ tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;/ tusKd;w&m;wkd@ukd rl0g'rsm;t& oHk;oyfEkdifpGrf;&Sd=uonf? okd@aomf tajctaeESifh nDaom wdusonfhenf;y&d,m,fxkwf&efESifh vuf&Sdtm%m,EW,m;ukd òyuGJ&ef rpGrf;aqmifEkdif=uay? olwkd@wGif aoe*FAsL[m&Sdonf/ okd@aomf enf;y&d,m,fr&Sday? 'gbma=umifhjzpf&ovJ? ta=umif;rSm vG,fvG,fyif olwkd@wGifvHkavmufaom ukef=urf;/ atmufajctquftoG,fr&Sdjcif;yif? OD;aESmufom tvkyfvkyf+yD; ajcaxmuftvkyfrvkyf=uay? olwkd@wGif ta0;rS jynfolwpHkvHk;tay: tjrif&Sdaomfvnf;/ wOD;csif;tay: em;rvnf=uay? olwkd@^m%f&nfaoG;ESifh cGJjcrf;oHk;oyfr_rSm trSefyif vlxktcsKd@jy\emrsm;twGuf vkdtyfygonf? ‚rS wqifh trsKd;om;w&yfvHk;qkdif&m tjriftjzpfwufvSrf;&rnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;twGuf ta&;}uD;onfrSm atmufajctquftoG,frjywfa&;yifjzpfygonf? tvm;wlpGmyif olwkd@wGif a'owcktwGuf xl;jcm;aom cHpm;csufESifh vlxkcHpm;tcsuftajctaewkd@rod=uay? olwkd@wGif omrmefjynfolwkd@ESifh vkHavmufpGm ajymbl;jcif;/ em;axmifbl;jcif;r&Sd=uay? “omrmefvlwa,muf b,fvdkodovJ/ cHpm;ovJ/ awG;ovJ” “jy\emtay:b,fvkdwkH@jyefovJ/ tajctaetay: b,fvkd wHk@jyefovJ” “'Djy\emtay: b,favmufowWd&Sd&Sd&ifqkdifrvJ” olwkd@rod/ rajymEkdif=uay? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f? “ynmwwfwa,muf / aemuf+yD; atmufajctqifhtawG@t}uHKvHk;0r&Sdbl;olwa,muf [m aqG;aEG;or#[mu tawG@t}uHK&J@ ta&;ygyHk/ tcsuftvufawGukd aqG;aEG;Ekdifygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'g[m pdwfxJom&SdwJh taumiftxnfr&SdwJh [myJjzpfygw,f? ol[m vlcsrf;omawGeJ@vJpum;rajymbl;bl;/ vlxk&J@ºu,f0wJh pum;awGr=um;bl; bl;/ roHk;wwfbl;? ol@pum;awG[m tom;rygwJ@ t&kd;oufoufvkdygyJ? 'ga=umifh olpum;ukd b,folpdwf0ifpm;vdrfhrvJ?” tawG@t}uHK&SdwJh pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,muf[m atmufajceJ@ awG@xdr_ b,favmufta&;ygw,fqkdwm odygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muf[m wae@ukd vkyfcGifrSm (12) em&D tcsdefukefoifhw,f? ae&HkeJ@ r+yD;ygbl;? twlwuG tvkyfvkyfrSjzpfygw,f? 'g[mvJ olwkd@xJu acgif;aqmif/ ukd,fpm;vS,favmufeJ@ awG@+yD; r+yD;oifhyg? qkdvkdwmu wufwuf ºuºu oGm;vm/ tqufoG,fopf&Sm/ t&if qufoG,fa[mif;awGukd wdk;wufatmifvkyf/ v_H@aqmf/ tpnf;ta0;awGjyifqif/ 'gawG[m vlxk=um;xJ tvkyfvkyfwmjzpfygw,f? 'DtqifhxJu pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m taxGaxGtajctaeukd u|rf;0ifvmwJhtcg wduswJhjy\emrsm;ukd tm±Hk pdkuf&ygr,f? wdusr_tvdkuf tao;pdwfenf;y&d,m,frsm; &Sm&ygr,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf 'Dvkdvkyfygw,f? “ jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf pnf;±Hk;yg? tao;pdwfodatmifvkyfyg? atmifjrifr,fh enf;y&d,m,fcsyg?

tqifhwkdif;rSm pDrHudef;&Sd&Sdvkyfyg? tcsdefowfrSefcsufoifhovkdxm;yg? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;[m vlxk b,favmuf toifhjzpf+yD;§rjzpfao;bl; qkdwm od&ygw,f? yËdyuQtay: b,fvkdwkef@jyefw,fqkdwm od&ygr,f? pdwf"gwfa&;&mt&/ 0g'a&;&mt& b,f tcuftcJawG &SdovJ/ &kyf0wÎK taxmuftul/ &kyf0wÎKywf0ef;usiftajctaeawGukd od&ygr,f/ &efoleJ@ygoufvkd@ wduswJh A[kokw &Sd&ygr,f? bmtao;tzGJrS rarhxm;ygeJ@? ”

tjzpftysufwcku 'Dvkdoifcef;pmay;ygw,f? “ NAWASA (òr@awmfa&eJ@ rdv†mXme) ukd (ac|;vkyfom;uav;rsm;) toif;u qENjyzkd@ pDpOf

xm;wmzsuf+yD; &H_;cJh&ygw,f? owif;axmufawGu }udKa&mufESifhw,f? tapmifhawGukd ar;cGef; ar;jref;wmeJ@ owif;teH@&ukef=uw,f? vlxkua&mufzkd@aemufusaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@ aemufus wmvJqkdawmh acgif;aqmifu aemufusaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@ acgif;aqmifaemufusovJqkdawmh “pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u owdrxm;rdbl;/ tJ'Dacgif;aqmif[m 'DqENjyyGJvkyfzkd@ qENr&Sdbl;/ rvkyfcsifbl; qkdwmukd;?”

tqkd;&ifqkdif&&if aemufwckbmvkyf&r,fqkdwm jyifqifxm;&ygr,f? ,Qifu v_H@aqmfxm;r_/ jyifqifr_/ aqG;aEG;r_/ Zmwfwkdufavhusifhxm;r_ tm;vHk;[m tv[o jzpf&ygw,f? 21

tcef;(3) pnf;&Hk;a&;tqifhESifh enf;emrsm; 1? pnf;±Hk;a&;pwifjcif; pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;wckukd vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;wus a'owcku acgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ pnf;±Hk;a&;toif;wck awG@qHk oabmwlnDcsuf &+yD; pwifEkdifygw,f? 'DudpPrSma'ocHvl}uD;u w&m;0if pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;om; okd@r[kwf !Gef=um;a&;rª; ukd zdwf=um;+yD;awmh vlxkpnf;a0;yGJwckrSm ol@wkd@ukd rdwfqufay;+yD; pwifEkdifygw,f? omrmeftm;jzifhawmh 'DvkdvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;r&Sd=uygbl;? 'Da'orSm&SdwJh tzGJ@tpnf; toif;tyif;wcku pnf;±Hk;a&; orm; awG[mvlr_vkyftm;awGtjzpf omoemðy vkyfom;awG tjzpf pwifEkdif=uygw,f? wwd,enf;uawmh ukd,fhzmom ukd,f pwmygyJ? olwkd@ukd b,folrS zdwf=um;wm r&Sdygbl;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Da'ou vlawGukd vHk;0rodyJ vJ&Sdwwfygw,f? 'DtajctaersKd;rSm olrSm &SdwJh tquftoG,fu pwif+yD;/ a'orSm &SdaewJh jy\emwckckrSm pwif+yD; yg0ifygwfouf Ekdifygw,f? 'gu Oyrmwckyg? “usL;ausmftdrf,mu rdom;pk axmifausmf[m rar#mfvifhyJ rD;a=umifh tdrf,mrJhoGm;=u&ygw,f? 'DrSm vltcsKd@u 'g[m olwkd@ukd 'DuESifxkwfcsifwJh olawGu ðyw,fvkd@ ,lq=uygw,f? usaemfwkd@rSm 'Da'ou tquftoG,fr&Sdygbl;/ oli,fcsif;yJ&Sdygw,f? usaemfwkd@ owdxm;rdwmuawmh ausmifom;tcsKd@u bmoma&;toif;awGeJ@ &HyHkaiG/ tpmawG &Sm+yD; vlxkukd ulnDae=uwmygyJ? usaemfwkd@ pOf;pm;ygw,f? “bmvkd@ olwkd@ukd 'DyHkpHulnD=u&rvJ?” “'DuaexGuf+yD; olwkd@zmom olwkd@ tpm§t0wf§vkdtyfcsufawGukd rawmif;qkd=u&rSmvJ / txl;ojzifh tpkd;&XmeawG qDu jzpfygw,f? usaemfwkd@ rdwfaqGu p+yD;/ aemuf+yD; vkyfief;tcsKd@ p+yD;wJhaemufrSm vl (70) ausmfygwJh tzGJ@[m pwifyg awmhw,f? ,Qifausmif;om;awGulnD=uwmxuf olwkd@[m ykd&=uygw,f?” 'g[m pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;pwifcJhwmygyJ? b,fvkdyJ pwif pwif aemufu pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; pwifEkdifygw,f? b,fpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;yJjzpfjzpf vkyfief;pwifcgprSm vkyf&wJh tvkyfrsm;uawmh twlwlygyJ? 'Da'oukdESH@pyfatmifoGm;+yD; &kyfykdif;qkdif&mA[kokwvkdygw,f? tcsuf tvufwkdif; rSwfom;zkd@ vkdygw,f? pwkd;qkdifrsm;/ a'otrSwftom;awGyf rSwf&ygw,f? 'Da'orSm u|rf;0ifwJh 'DuvlawGeJ@odwJh oli,fcsif; wa,muf&Sm&ygr,f? 'Duaep+yD; rdwfaqGtdrfvnf/ 'Duwqifh ab;tdrfukdvnfywf/ 'Duwqifh 'Da'orSm u|rf;0ifatmif vlawGu rdrdukd rSwfrdatmif vkyf&ygr,f? 'DurS wqifh a'ocHvlawGeJ@ cHpm;csufeJ@ jy\emrsm;ukd od&SdEkdif ygw,f? 'Duwqifh vlxkawGu bmukd pkd;&GH@ae&w,f/ bmjy\em}uHKae&w,fqkdwm zGifh[vmygvdrfhr,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrSm rdwfaqGtrmcHwa,mufvkdtyfygw,f? ta=umif;u “rdrd[mb,folvJ”J vkd@ar;=u&if tajzay;EkdifatmifygyJ/ vlpdrf;wa,mufukd ,Hk=unfatmifygyJ? olb,folvJ/ bmvkyfovJ/ 'g+yD;&if bmvkyfrvJ pojzifh ar;=uygr,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu ol@tawG@t}uHKukd 'Dvkdjyefajymygw,f? “usaemftquftoG,fwa,muf&ygw,f? tmvif;yufyg? usaemhrSm t&ifu pnf;±Hk;a&;tawG@t}uHKvJr&Sd / bmvkyf&rSef;vJrodygbl;/ usaemfa=umufaerdw,f? usaemfbmajym&rvJ/ uHtm;av#mfpGmyJ/ tmvif;yufu 'Da'orSm tajymaumif; acgif;aqmifwa,mufygyJ? usaemhukd oluyJ 'Da'o0ef;usifac:oGm;+yD; olyJ trsm;pkajymygw,f? usaemfu ajymwmeJ@+yD; em;axmifwmoufoufygyJ? +yD;wJhaemuf vlrsm;pGmeJ@}uHKvm+yD; wJhaemufrSm ukd,hfukd,fukd ,Hk=unfcsuf&vm ygw,f? aemufykdif;rSm jy\emawGrSm pum;ajymqkd&if; jzpfvmygawmhw,f?” tu,fI 'Da'orSm tquftoG,fwa,mufrS r&bl; qkd&if bmvkyfrvJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f? “usaemhrSm tquftoG,fwa,mufrSr&Sdygbl;/ 'Da'ota=umif;vJ bmwckrrodygbl;? usaemf'Da'ou

tat;qkdifuav; wqkdifrSmqif;vkduf+yD; &yfaerdygw,f/ tpmpm;+yD; ab;uwa,mufeJ@ rdwfaqGzGJ@ ygw,f/ ol@rSmemrusef;wJh tartkdwa,muf&SdwmawG@&ygw,f? ol@tarudk ulnDzkd@ vkdufvnfygw,f? usaemfvmvnfwmukd olwkd@ auseyf=uygw,f? olwkd@ajymjywmu olwkd@rSm puf&HkwckrSm tvkyfvkyfwJh nDr wa,muf &Sdwmod&ygw,f? aemufawmh tJ'DtrsKd;orD;eJ@ awG@&+yD; olu nOf;jyygw,f? vkyfcenf;wm- ESdyfpufwmawG pojzifhygyJ? usaemfodcsifvkd@xyfar;&if; tvm;wl vkyfom; (5)a,muf uvnf; wckckvkyfcsifaea=umif;od&ygw,f? aemufwnrSmawmh 'D(5)a,mufyg tygt0if tpnf;ta0; wck vkyfjzpfygw,f? 3- ywfausmf=um+yD;wJhtcg v_H@aqmfr_awG vkyf+yD;wJhtcg tvkyform;trsm;pku tvkyform;or*~ wckzGJ@zkd@ oabmwl=uygw,f? (5) ygwfausmf=um+yD;wJhtcgrSmawmh tvkyform;awGu refae*smqD olwkd@ awmif;qkdcsufawG wifvkduf ygawmhw,f? ”

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2? tajccHvkyfief; ( Groundwork) pnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;tqifhqifh. tajccHvkyfief;ukd bmom&yftm;jzifh ( Groundwork) [k ac:wGifygonf? ‚onf tajccHvlwef;pm;rsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf tajccHjzpfonf? ‚onf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrS vltaxGaxGESifh awG@qHkaqG;aEG;Ekdif&eftwGuf pwifaom qufoG,fa&;enf;pepfjzpfonf? tajccHvkyfief;qkdonfrSm vkyfief;rsm; +yD;ajrmuf&eftwGufpwifaom wm0efwck tajcðyvkyfief;jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muf taejzifh vkyfief;rsm;ukd ykdif;jcm+yD; ao;i,faom aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ukd u|rf;0ifpGm toHk;ðyoGm;a&; jzpfonf? ‚enf;tzkd@ jy\emrsm; rD;armif;xkd;jyjcif;ESifh t&nftcsif;zGH@òz;apjcif;/ jy\emrsm;&SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;wkd@ wGifvnf; oHk;Ekdifonf? vlrsm;pGmrS toHrsm;ukd em;axmifjcif;tm;jzifh wnf&Sdaeaom jy\emwckud od&SdvmEkdif+yD; rnfonfh tajzxkwf&rnf/ rnfonfh tvkyfukd vkyfaqmif&rnfukdvnf;odEkdifayonf? tajccHvkyfief;qkdonfrSm vlrsm;pGmxHrS owif;rsm; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHokd@ pD;0ifvmapjcif;ESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS vlxkxJokd@ jyefvnft}uHay;jcif;jzpfonf? tjcm;enf;emwckrSm vlxkukd vl,Hk(okd@r[kwf) ukd,fpm;vS,ftcsKd@rS wqifh qufqHjcif;jzpfonf? ‚ukd clikit pepf[kac:onf? Tenf;. tm;enf;csufrsm;rSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ESifh vlxk=um; wkduf&kdufxdawG@qufqHr_r&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf? TtusKd;quftm;jzifh trdef@ay;0g'/ qefqefESifh jzpfvmwwf+yD; xda&mufr_vnf;r&Sdjzpfwwfonf? 3? jy\emwckukd az:xkwfjcif;ESifh wkd;wufapjcif;? yxrqHk;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrS az:xkwf&rnfrSm vufawG@jy\emESifh cef@rSef;xm;aomjy\emrsm;=um; rnfr#uGJvJGonf qkdaomtcsufyifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHrS avhvmaomjy\em/ xkda'owGif aexkdifonfh b0tawG@ t}uHK/ vkdtyfcsufrsm;rsm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ xkda'orS vlrsm;uJhokd@ xyfwljzpf&rnfrqkdvkday? Oyrmwckqkdygpkd@? vlxkzGH@òz;a&;vkyfom;rsm;u a&avmif;tdrfomrsm;ukd r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfcsuf[kqkdum ay;wwf=uonf? wu,fhwu,fawmh ‚rSm usef;rma&;ESifh oef@&Sif;a&; &_axmifhrS =unfhaomfrSefavonf? okd@aomf vlxktzkd@ t"du vkdtyfcsufvm;/ r[kwfacs? xkd@a=umifh trSefuefqHk;enf;vrf;rSm vlxktwGif;wGif txdckdufqHk;jzpfaom t}udrftrsm;qHk;jzpfaom jy\em rsm;ukd ‚wkd@ESifh pum;ajymjcif;tm;jzifh azmfxkwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? ‚wckwnf;ESifhvnf;rvHkavmufay? jy\emudpPwckkukd vlxku jy\emwck[k cHpm;±Hkr#jzifh r+yD;ao;/ ‚jy\emukd ‚wkd@ ukd,fwkdif tjrefajz&Sif;&rnf? okd@r[kwf wckck jyefvkyf &rnf ukd cH,lzkd@vnf; vkdao;onf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd Oyrm ay;ygw,f? “yxrqHk; vlxkawGeJ@ pum;ajym=unfh&mrSm xif&Sm;wJhjy\emwckawG@vm&wmuawmh ajr,m

ykdifqkdifcGifh yJ? 'gayr,fh olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif 'geJ@ygwfoufvkd@ odyfvkyfEkdif=ur,fvkd@ rxif=ubl;? olwkd@ukd,fwkdif b,fXmeukd csOf;uyf&r,frSef; raocsm=ubl;/ 'gtjyif 'Da'orSm uGJaewJh (2) zGJ@u 'Djy\em (2) rsKd;ukd (2)oG,fajz&Sifcsifae=ujyefw,f? jy\emwpukd aumufvkdufwmeJ@ twGif;yËdyuQu 0kef;ueJ xvmrSmyJ? 'ga=umifhrkd@ usaemf tJ'Dtem;rSm ykd±kd;&Sif;wJh jy\em wck&Sdrvm; vkd@ a&Smuf=unfhw,f? awG@wmyJ? a&v$rf;cHae&wJh &yfuGufrSm ajrzkd@ zkd@ vkdtyfaew,f? 'gudkvnf; tm;vHk;u pdwf0if pm;w,f? pdpOf=u+yD; &nfrSef;csufwck aocsmcsvkdufw,f? r=umcifyJ v_yf&Sm;r_ pvmawmhw,f?

pwifpnf;±Hk;wJhtoif;rSm t"dujy\emjzpfwJ ajrykdifcGifhygyJ/ 'gayrJh bmrS rajymyJ ajrzkd@ay;zkd@eJ@yJ pvkdufw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh vlxkukd,fwkdifolwkd@ 'gvkyfckdif;w,f jzpfEkdifw,f cH,l=u+yD; pwifpkpnf;Ekdifvkd@yJ jzpfw,f? r=umcifrSm vlxktoif;tyif;i,frsm;pGmay:vmawmhw,f? ajrykdifcGifh[m jy\emwckvkd@ ,lqvmEkdif+yD;wJhaemufrSm 'g[m “jy\em” }uD;w&yftjzpfukdifpGJvkd@&awmhw,f?

jy\em}uD;}uD;ukd pukdifwG,f&if twkduftcH}uD;r,f/ jy\emykd&_yfaxG;r,f? yËdyuQ ykdrsm;r,f/ 'ga=umifh vltcsKd@u tprsm 'DtxJukd 0ifrygvkd=ubl;/ txlojzifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&; atmufrSm ykdqkd;w,f? 'Djy\em}uD;eJ@ ygwfoufvkd@ wckck vkyfukdifcsifpdwfuav; ukd a=umuf&GHH@pdwfu zHk;v$rf;oGm;w,f? jy\emi,fawG pwif+yd; vlxkawGrSm &ifhusufr_wpHk w&m/ owWdwpHkw&m&+yD;wJhaemufrSm jy\em}uD;awGukd ukdifwG,fEkdifawmhw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG ukd,fYuvnf; ukd,fh vkyfukdif pGrf;&nf odyfr&Sdao;cifrSm jy\em}uD;awG ukdifwG,fzkd@ vlxkukd r}udK;pm;apoifhbl;? tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m atmifyGJ&zkd@vG,fwJh wkdufyGJi,frsm;jzwfoef;+yD; ukd,fhpGrf;aqmif&nf § vlxktxiftjrifukd wufapawmhw,f?

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oifwef;om; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjyygw,f? “usaem@ yk*~dKvfa&;txift&awmh t"duvkdtyfwm[m vlxkeJ@ vkyf&nfukdif&nf wpHkw&m&zkd@ygyJ?

usaemf[m vlopfwa,muf r[kwfayr,fh ,Sifvkduf&if i,f&G,faew,f/ vlxkawG[m jyifqifr_r&SdyJeJ@ aoa&;&Sifa&; jy\emwckrSm pGef@pm;zkd@0efav;=uw,f? rvkdvm;=ubl;/ Oyrmtm;jzifh - t"rR &Gmajymifckdif;wJhudpPrsKd;?

tcsKd@&yfuGufuvlxkawGu usef;rma&;vkyfief;awGvkdtyfw,fajymjy=uw,f/ 'gayr,fh òr@awmfcef;ra&S•/ usef;rma&;Xmea&S• awmif;qkdzkd@ 0efav;=uw,f? 'geJ@ bmoma&;toif;wcku zGifhxm;wJh aq;&Hkwckukd csOf;uyf=unfhw,f/ +yD;awmh usaemf tJ'D aq;&Hku wm0efcHrsm;eJ@ !dêw,f/ vlxkukd owWd&Sdvmatmif ynmay;zkd@ygyJ? 'DtcGifhta&;ukd ,l+yD; toHk;cszkd@ olwkd@u oabmwl=uw,f?

“ cifAsmwkd@ aq; ukvm&if vufcHygr,f/ okd@aom wOD;wa,mufcsif;ukd rqufqHyg/ tzGJ@tpnf; wckck aemufcH&Sd&r,fvkd@ a=ujimvkdufw,f? 'Duaep+yD; wqifhykdcufcJwJhjy\emqDukd o,faqmifvmcJh awmhw,f?”

'DcsOf;uyfykHrsKd;uawmh oifhawmfygw,f? wcgw&HrSm tm%m&SdwJh olawGxH aygufa&mufwJh/ =oZm&SdwJh olawGqD csOf;uyftoHk;ðyoifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'g[m tEW&m,f&Sdygw,f? 'DvkdvJ t+rJoHk;zkd@ rjzpfEkdifygbl;? 4? v_yf&Sm;xºu&ef v_H@aqmfjcif;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf vlxkxJrS jy\emwckukd &SmazG+yD;onfhaemufwGif vlxkukd xkdjy\emeSifh ygwfoufI ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef OD;aqmif&jyefonf? TonfwGif “v_H@aqmfjcif;” onf ta&;}uD;vmonf? TudpPonf vlxktzkd@ jy\em tay:obmamaygufvm±HkESifh rvHkavmufyJ/ xkdudpPESifhygwfoufI a'gojzpfvmap&ef / xkdESifh ygwfoufI wckck wHk@jyef&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsatmif wkdufwGefjcif;jzpfonf? vlxkonf ta=umif;jycsufckdifvH±HkESifh v_yf&Sm;r_wck jzpfrvmacs? ta=umif;jycsufESifh cHpm;csufvnf;vkdtyf ayonf? cHpm;csufonf v_yf&Sm;r_wckjzpfvm&ef a=umuf&G@Hpdwfrsm; yaysmufap&ef axmufulyH@ykd;Ekdifonf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; rsm;onf ,Qifatmifjrifbl;aom v_yf&Smr_tjzpftysufyHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;ukd jyefajymjyjcif;tm;jzifh ,Hk=unfr_wkd;vm aponf? tcsKd@uawmh wOD;csif;ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&if;vlxkukd oabmaygufvm&mrS wqifh v_yf&Sm;r_xJ qGJac:Ekdifonf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;uawmh ‚wkd@ukd epfematmifajymqkdjcif;/&djcif;/ rcHatmifajymjcif; ponfjzifh atmifyGJrsm;&&Sd wwfonf? okd@aomf ‚enf;ukd tajctaetvkdufom toHk;ðyEkdif+yD; vlwkdif;vnf; vkyfEkdif&efrvG,fulacs? v_H@aqmfjcif;wGif ta&;}uD;onfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ wOD;csif;taetxm;ukd odjcif;/ wOD;csif; pdwf0ifpm;r_ tzHkzHk/ &_jrifoHk;oyfyHkwkd@ukd odzkd@ ta&;}uD;onf? ‚wkd@ukd tav;ay;jcif;jzifhatmifjrifEkdifonf? ‚v_H@aqmfjcif; rsKd;ukd vltkyf}uD; okd@ tzGJ@i,frsm;wGif csufcsuf;toHk;rðyEkdifyJ wOD;csif;- wOD;csif;om toHk;ðyEkdifayonf? atmufwGif tcsK@d Oyrm rsm;azmfjyxm;ygonf? u? TOyrmwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh vlxkukda&ykdufrsm;twkdif; qif;vmatmif v_H@aqmfaejcif;jzpf+yD;/ VAWASA rSmtpdk;& a& Xmejzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS t0wfav#mfaeaom trsKd;orD;wOD;ukdawG@onf? olu t0wf av#mzkd@ a&b,fu&oenf; ar;onf? pnf; ? ? a&wae@b,fESpfpnf oHk;ovJ? r ? ? q,fpnfavmufyg/ wcgwav 15 pnf/ wpnfukd yDqkd (15) ay;&w,f? pnf; ? ? 'gqkd wae@tenf;qHk;yDqkd (1) ckukefaewmaygh/ wv (30) yJDqkdukefaewmaygh/ wu,fvkd@ NSWASAua& bHkbkdifqifay;cJh&if wae@ukd yDqkd (10)yJukefr,f/ wae@ukd (30) yDqkdyJukefr,f? 'godygovm;? cifAsm; trsKd;om; wae@ b,favmif &ovJ? r ? ? wae@ (8)yDqkd&ygw,f/ wae@ukd c&D;p&dwf/ rkef@yJ/ aq;vdyftwGuf (1) yDqkd ukefygw,f? pnf; ? ? qeftwGufb,favmufwae@ukefovJ? r ? ? wae@ukd wjynf/ wjynfukd yDqkkd (4) ay;&ygw,f? pnf;? ? [if…… qefu (4) yDqkd 1 yDqkdu c&D;p&dwf 1 yDqkdu a&bkd; 2 yDqkdyJusefwmaygh? cifAsma,mufusFm;emrusefjzpfvkd@ tvkyfrvkyfEkdif&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ?

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r ? ? usr rodygbl;/ wae&m&moGm;acs;iSm;&rSmaygh? pnf; ? ? b,fu aiGykd&vkd@ jyefqyfEkdifrSmwkef;? wu,fvkd@ NAWASA u a&ykdufvmoG,fay;cJh&if wvukd yDqkd (20) pkrdr,f? 'gqkd qef (5) jynf&w,f? r ? ? 'gayr,fh usrwkd@ u usL;ausmf&yfuGufyJ? NAWASA u a&vmoG,fay;rSmr[kwfbl;/ usrwkd@ajrrS rykdifwmyJ? pnf; ? ? [kwfwmaygh? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@[m vlom;awGyJ? &kyf&Sifrif;orD; wa,muf&ovkd cifAsm;wkd@vnf; &ykdifcGifh &Sdw,f/ ola&csKd;ovkd cifAsm;wkd@vnf; a&csKd;wmyJ? cifAsm;wkd@ tpkd;&qDukd qef0,fwkdif; qm;0,fwkdif;/ aq;vdyf 0,fwkdif; tcGefaqmifae&wm odygovm;/ 'Dawmh cifAsm;wkd@rSm a&bHkbkdif &ykdifcGifh&Sdw,f/ bmvkd@r&&rSmvJ? c? 'kwd, OyrmwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;onf ,QKusL;ausmf&yfuGuf r=umrD zsufcH&awmhrnfukd odxm;onf? ‚vlxkukd v_H@aqmf aejcif;jzpfonf? pnf; ? ? olwkd@armif;xkwf&if cifAsm;wkd@ b,fajymif;rvJ/ a':jr ? jr ? ? e,fukdaygh? pnf; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ tdrf}uD;[m aumif;&ufeJ@/ tckvkdjzpfwm odyfqkd;wmyJ? bmjzpfvkd@vJAs? jr ? ? tdrftwGufawmh rylygbl;/ 'gayr,fh usra,musmF;twGufygyJ/ ajymif;&&if tvkyfðywfawmhr,f? uav;awGvJ ausmif;ajymif;/ ausmif;xkwf&awmhr,f? pnf; ? ? cifAsm; a,mufusmF; bmvkyfovJAs? jr ? ? ig;zrf;orm; wHig yg? pnf; ? ? tpkd;&u b,fajymif;ckdifrvJAs? jr ? ? umrkd;em; ukdyg? pnf ;? ? tpkd;&u csifAsm;a,mufusmF;twGuf umrkd;em;rSm uefwckjrpfwckvkyfay;r,fxifvm;? jr ? ? [m; [m; [m; pnf; ? ? cifAsm;'DrSm =uyfwnf;vS+yDxif&if/ [kda&muf&if (2) q =uyfwnf;vdrfhr,f? tpkd;&u bmjzpfvkd@ ajymif;apcsif &wmvJ? jr ? ? rodygbl;? wcsKd@ajymwmawmh vrf;csJ@csifvkd@ajymwmyJ? pnf; ? ? 'gu aocsmvkd@vm;/ wcsKd@vlawGvJ olwkd@ukd 'DvkdrsKd;ajymjy=uwmyJ? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@xGufoGm;+yD;&if bmjzpf vm rvJodvm;? vrf;r[kwfbl;As? olaX;awGu tdrfvmaqmuf=ur,f? jr ? ? wkd@bmvkyf&rvJ? pnf; ? ? 'DrSm acgif;aqmifwcsKd@&Sdvm;? jr ? ? r&Sdaygif;? OD;0if;wa,mufyJ tokbawG bmawG&Sd&if aiGvkdufpkwwfw,f? pnf; ? ? armif;xkwfcH&rSmukd wckck vkyfcsifwJholrsm; r&Sd=ubl;vm;/ wjcm;vlawGa&m r&Sdbl;vm;? jr ? ? wcsKd@uawmh wckckvkyfbkd@ ajymaewmyJ? t"duuawmh tdrfutzkd;}uD;aygh/ 'gayrJh tajymoufoufygyJ? pnf; ? ? tckcifAsm; av#mufvnf+yD;tem;rSm wckck&Sif;jyvkd@ rjzpfbl;vm;/ usaemfvJ wlwlvkyfr,fav/ +yD;awmh tpnf; ta0; wckavmuf vkyf=uwmaygh? jr ? ? tif; / jzpfEkdifygw,f/ b,fvkdjzpfjzpfawGEkdifygw,f? b,fawmh pnf;a0;=urSmvJ/ 'Dnaevm;? pnf;? ? r[kwfygbl/ reufjzefqkd&ifaum/ nae (5;00) em&Davmufav/ OD;at;tdrfrSmaygh/ tkdau? tJ'DusrS qHkwmaygh? *? vlaor_wckkukd ta=umif;ðyI v_H@aqmfjcif;? tif'a& rSm a&m*g&SdolwOD;jzpfonf? ‚onf ntcg rD;rvif;aom rD;vkdif;wckatmufY a&ykdufqufoG,faepOf 'g;xkd;cH&I aoqHk;oGm;onf? ‚a'owGif a&a&m rD;yg r&Sdacs? okd@aomf t0DpDwGif;wwGif;om&Sdonf? ‚rSmvnf; nv,frS eHeuf 4;00 em&Dxdom a&ay;onf? ‚wnwGif t&ufrl;orm;wa,mufu a&wef;pDaeaom yHk;rsm;ukd uefausmuf&if;rS pum;rsm;=uonf? ‚rS wqifh tarSmifxJ&Sd pum;rsm;=u&if 'g;xkd;cH&jcif;jzpfonf?

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pnf; ? ? oem;p&maumif;vkdufwJh tif'a&ES,f? b,fES,fha=umifhAsm a&a=umifh jzpf=u&owJhvm;? tJrDvD ? ? [kwfw,f/ ykdqkd;wmu b,folu usra,mufusmF; ukd 'geJ@xkd;oGm;rSef;rod=ubl;av? pnf; ? ? b,fodEkdifrvJav? tJem;rSmuvJ vltrsm;om;r[kwfvm;? tJrDvD ? ? w&yfuGufvHk;ygyJav? tem;rSm &yfuGufu vlu trsm;}uD;yJ? rD;wkdifuvnf;r&SdyJav? vHk;0arSmifrJaewmyJ? jy\em pjzpfa&m vlawGuvJ awG@u&majy;=uwmygyJ? pnf; ? ? bma=umifhòr@awmf0efqDukd a&eJ@ rD;rav#muf=uovJAsm? wckjzpfjzpf a&jzpfjzpf/ v#yfppfrD;jzpfjzpfaygh? tdrfeD;csif;? ? (jzwfajym) usaemfwkd@u usL;ausmf&yfuGufyJav? b,foluwyfay;rSmvJ/ 'DrSmaewmuvJ b,folrS cGifhðy csuf r&Sdbl;av? pnf; ? ? [kwfwmaygh/ vrf;r}uD;awGrSm wnvHk; rD;xdefvif;vkd@ tJonfrSm b,folrS ae=uwmrS r[kwfyJ? tJrDvD ? ? rD;awGu um;awGtwGufyJav? pnf; ? ? um;awGawmifrS tvif;a&mifvkdao;&if/ vlawGu ykdvkdwmaygh/ rD;r&Sdawmh cifAsm;a,mufusmF;aowmaygh? v_H@aqmfr_ðyaomtcg/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHwGif wdusaomt}uHay;csuf/ rnfokd@vkyfaqmifrnfukd pdwfxJwGif}udKwif awG;xm;&rnf/ okd@r[kwfygu vlxkukda'goxGufap+yD; tajzukdray;EkdifyJ OD;wncsufray;EkdifyJ t&_; vkyfouJhokd@om &Sdayrnf? tu,fI vlxkrS pdwf0ifpm;ygu wckckvkyf&ef }udKwif tpnf;ta0;vkyf=u&ef v_H@aqmft}uHay; Ekdifonf? tu,fI }uH&,f+yD;om;&Sdygu ‚okd@ yl;aygif;&ef t}uHay;Ekdifonf? 5? v_yf&Sm;r_rðyvkyfcif tpnf;ta0;ðyjcif;? vkHavmufaomwOD;csif;qDukd v_H@aqmfr_ðy+yD;aomtcg pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS‚wkd@tm;vHk;ukdv_yf&Sm;r_rðycif tpnf;ta0; wck ac:Ekdifonf? Ttpnf;t0; rðycif }udKwifjyifqif+yD;rS ðyoifhayonf? okd@rSom wkdawmif;+yD; vkd&if;a&mufrnf jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;taejzifh jy\emukd +cHKiHkpOf;pm;xm;+yD; aqG;aEG;&rnf/ bufpHk axmifhpHkukd jyifqifxm;oifhonf? tpnf;ta0; rpcif “tajccHvkyfief; (Ground work) ” ukd}udKwifðyxm;Ekdfifonf? ‚rSm wOD;csif;qD (okd@) awG@qHkI jzpfEkdifaom enf;y&d,m,f/ jiif;cHkcsuf/ tajz/ tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&m enf;vrf;rsm; aqG;aEG;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? TuJhokd@ “tajccHvkyfief;”rsm;jzifh wOD;csif;qDukd aqG;aEG;+yD;xm;aemufrSom tpnf;ta0;ðyygu pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; tzkd@ “tcef;wGif;EkdifiHa&;” Back room politics tjzpfrS umuG,fEkdifrnfjzpf+yD;/ aqG;aEG;csuf/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;vnf; vG,fvG,fulul acsarG@pGmjzpfEkdifrnfjzpfonf? TonfrSm vlxkxJrS acgif;aqmifrsm;tzkd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;. tcef;u¾udk rSdefxm;&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ r[kwfyg? tpyxrwGif tpnf;ta0;wcktzkd@ rnfr# jyifqifxm;onfqkdapumrl ol@tvkdvkdjzpfvmrnfr[kwfay? acgif;aqmifwOD;rS OD;aqmifI tpnf;ta0;ac:&ef vkdtyfayonf? Tenf;tm;jzifh Tacgif;aqmifESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rSm }udKwifjyifqifr_ðy&rnf jzpfonf? TtqifhrS jrifhvmaomtcg acgif;aqmifonf ol@tvkdvkd t"duae&mukd ,loGm;Ekdifrnf jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdaz:jyygw,f? “'Da'orSm tajctaeu wif;rmaeygw,f/ tdrfawG[m r=umcifzsufqD;cH&awmhrSmyg? usaemf

odxm;wmu vlxkawGu orRwtdrfa&S• qENjycsDwuf=uzkd@ }uHpnf;xm;=uw,f? +yD;awmh olwkd@ bwfpum; pD;+yD; tJ'Dae&m oGm;=ur,fvkd@vJ odxm;w,f? ajcv#if av#muf=urSm r[kwfbl;/ +yD;awmh rm&S,favmuvJ &Sdaew,f? olwkd@rSm ,cifu tpkd;&±Hk; a&S•wckrSm qENjywJh tawG@t}uHKuawmh &Sdxm;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh orRw tdrfawmfa&S•rSm r[kwfygbl;?

tao;pdwfeJ@ bufpHkaxmifhpHk tajccHvkyfief;awG jyifqif+yD;=uayr,fh vkdtyfaeao;wmu vlxkukd a&S@ac:+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifr,fh/ pum;ajymr,fh acgif;aqmifygyJ? vlxkawG orRwtdrf csDwufwJhtcg a=umuf&GH@pdwfawG z,f&Sm;zkd@vkdygw,f? usaemfwkd@ wa,mufeJ@ aqG;aEG;wJhtcg olu oabmwlygw,f? odk@aomvnf; w0ufwysuf a=umufaewkef;ygyJ? csDwHkcswHk jzpfaewkef;ygyJ? 'gayr,fh vlxku qHk;jzwf+yD; csDwufcJhygw,f? tJ'Dtcg qdkif;ihHxm;zkd@ tcGihfuscJhygawmhw,f?”

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tao;pdwfjyifqifr_awG tukefvHk;+yD;+yDqkdayr,fh/ acgif;aqmifr,fholwa,mufukd a&G;cs,f+yD; tpnf;ta0;rSm t"du aqG;aEG;&r,fh tcsufawG/ ±kwfw&uf rar#mfvifhwmawGu a&Smifv$JEkdifr,fh tcsufawGukd }udKwifaqG;aEG;&ygvdrfhr,f? wcgw&H tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m tpnf;ta0;ukd b,fukd OD;wnfrSef;rodyJ vkyfwwf=uygw,f? 'grSm;ygw,f? tcsdef t=um}uD; =umaewwf+yD; aemufw}udrf jyefawG@zkd@ 0efav;oGm;wwf=uygw,f? 'Dvkdt}udrf}udrf qufðyrdae&if tpnf;ta0; rvm=uawmhygbl;? 'ga=umifh tpnf;ta0;wkdif;[m wckckvkyfzkd@ OD;wnfxm;&ygr,f?

6? Role- Playing tprf;avhusifhjcif; vlxkawG[m ol@&efolukd a'goxGuf=uaomfvnf; tpykdif;rSm a=umuf&GH@=uw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh yËdyuQawGukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;wm[m olwkd@twGuf tawG@t}uHKopfjzpfvkd@ygyJ? tJ'DvlxkawGukd a&S@vmr,fh vlxkk v_yf&Sm;r_ twGuf }udKwifjyifqif&ef o&kyfaqmifjcif;enf;eJ@ jyifqifzkd@ t}uHðyEkdifygw,f? vmr,fhxdyfwkduf &ifqkdifawG@r_ twGuf 0wfpHkjynfh tprf;avhusifhjcif;oabmrsKd;ygyJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;eJ@ vlxkawG[m zdESdyfcH&oleJ@ zdESdyfolawG ukd,fpm; o&kyfaqmif=unfhEkdifygw,f? 'Dt}uHu vlxkawGukd a&S@bmqufjzpfvmvdrfhrvJ bm}udKwifjyifqifxm;&r,fqkdwm }udKawG;xm;Ekdifzkd@ygyJ? zdESdyfolqDu b,fvkdwHk@jyefr_rsKd; vmEkdifw,fqkdwm }udKawG;xm;Ekdifzkd@ygyJ? 'Dtprf;avhusifho&kyfaqmifjcif;jzifh vlxk&J@ aysmhajymif;r_eJ@ wDxGifzefwD;Ekdifr_ukd zGH@òz;apygw,f? Oyrm wcktm;jzifh tvmpum; urf;ajcaeolrsm;toif; (ABRA) u o&kyfaqmiftprf;avhusifhr_ wckukd ðycJhygw,f? (ABRA)[m(1971) ZEN0g&Dv urSpygw,f? tJ'DrSmrdom;pk(500)cef@[murf;ajca'o (2)[wfwmavmuf ajrrSm aexkdif=u+yD;ajrykdifqdkifcGifh cHk±Hk;rSm &ifqkdif=uwJhtcg ±H_;oGm;ygw,f? olwkd@[m aus;vufa'ouae òr@ay:wufvmwJh olrsm;ygyJ/ &GH@wpuf a&wpuf ajrawGuae+yD; ,QKvkd ajrrm&vmatmif wnfaqmifcJh&wmayg? wcsKd@u ajrykdifcGifh&zkd@ av#mufxm;=uygw,f? wcsKd@uvJolwkd@ajrukdpGef@cGgoGm;=uygw,f? wcsKd@uawmh ukd,faeaewmukd,fykdifcGifh&Sdw,f,lqxm; =uygw,f? olwkd@=um;wmu tar&duefEdkifiHom; Mr.Woolbright uolwkd@aewJhajrawGukd ykdifcGifh&w,fvkd@=um;ygw,f/ olwkd@ pv_yf&Sm;wmuawmh 'Dowif;aocsm raocsm pHkprf;wmygyJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Dar;cGef;awGar;+yD; v_H@aqmfay;ygw,f? “cifAsm;wkd@ 'DrSm ajrb,folykdifw,f qkdwm od=uvkd@vm;” “[kwfw,fqkd&if b,fwkef;u cGifhðyvkdufwkef;” “cifAsm;wkd@ rav#mufxm; cifu cGifhðyvkdufwmvm;” “cifAsm;wkd@av#muf+yD;rS cGifhðywmqkd&ifawmh csifAsm;wkd@ t&ifOD;wmaygh?” “Woolbriht [m pm;yGJatmufu vbfay;xm;rSmyg? 'ga=umifh cifAsm;wkd@ av#mufawmh ±H_;&wmaerSmaygh” pojzifhygyJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u ,QKvkda=ujim+yD; xyfv_H@aqmfay;jyefygw,f? “ajrykdifcGifh[m vltm;vHk;ukd a=ujim&wJh[myJ/ cifAsm;wkd@ odykdifcGifh&Sdw,f/ ar;cGifh&Sdw,f/ yxr b,folykdifovJqkdwm pma&;ar;+yD; rdwWLwckawmif;aygh/ wu,fvkd@ !Gef=um;a&;rª;csKyfu b,folrSrykdifbl;ajym&if 'gukd ol@ukdpmeJ@a&;ckdif;/ +yD;awmh w&m;±Hk;rSm jyvkd@&wmaygh/ usaemfwkd@ vl wwfEkdifoavmuf oGm;=uar;=u&wmyJ? wu,fvkd@ !GefcsKyf vltrsm;}uD;awG@&if cifAsm;wkd@ awmif;qkdcsufukd *±kðyvmrdrSmyJ? b,foloGm;rvJ/ cifAsm;wkd@ ajrrykdifcsifbl;vm;/ a=umufovm;/ ” pojzifhygyJ? vl q,fa,mufygwJh ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ csufcsif; zGJ@EkdifcJh+yD; c&kdifajrrSwfyHkwif ±Hk;ukd oGm=uzkd@jyifawmhw,f? c&kdifajr rSwfyHkwif±Hk;u twGif;0ef tjzpfo±kyfaqmifygw,f? +yD;awmh 'Dvkdavhusifh=uygw,f? twGif;0ef ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ b,folawGvJ/ bmvkdcsifovJ? vlawGursm;vScsnfvm;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;uawmh tvkyf (pnf;§rª;) rsm;aew,f/ reufjzefjyefvmyg? pmukd 'DrSm xm;cJhyg? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? [kwfuJhcifAsm? (pmxm;cJhrnfðyonf?) pnf;§rª; ? ? (c%o±kyfaqmifr_ukd em;I) r[kwfao;bl;/r[kwfao;bl;/ cifAsm;wkd@u pm&Gufrl&if;ay:rSm olukd pmvufcH&&Sda=umif; vufrSwf xkd; cdkif;&r,f/ r[kwf&if pmukd tr_dufyHkxJ ypfvkdufrSmaygh/ +yD;awmh pmr&ygbl;vkd@ ajymrSmaygh/ wu,fvkd@ vufrSwfjyEkdif&if jiif;r&awmhbl;aygh/ [kwfovm;/ tkdau/ aemufwcg? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? 'gjzifhvnf;/ usaemfwkd@jyef=ur,f? +yD;awmh reufjzefrS jyefvmwmaygh? pnf;§rª; ? ? (wcg =um;jzefjyefI) cifAsm;wkd@ 'Dvmzkd@ b,favmufukefusovJ? cifAsm;wkd@ tcsdefb,favmuftukefcHEkdifovJ/ 'DtcsdefrSm tvkyf vkyf&if b,favmufykdufqH&rvJ? tpkd;&0efxrf;qkdwmvJ cifAsm;wkd@ tcGefawGqDu vcay;xm; wm r[kwfvm;/ 'gqkd&if olwkd@vc b,folay;xm;ovJ/ 'gbmvkyfwmvJ/ bmvkyfoifhw,fxifovJ? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? (tjcm;olrsm;yg yl;aygif;I) ajymr,f/ tJ'Dajrb,folykdifovJjyckdif;r,f? tdrfrjyefbl;ajymr,f? tJ'DrSm olujywJh txdaer,f? [kwfw,f? aemufw}udrfxyfcsdef;&if vlrsm;rsm;eJ@ jyefvmr,f?

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pnf;§rª; ? ? [kwf+yD/ xyfvkyf=unfh=upkd@/ usaemfu twGif;0efvkyfr,f? pmukd 'DrSmxm;cJhyg? ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? aumif;yg+yD/ 'DpmrSm &&Sda=umifh vufrSwfxkd;yg? twGif0ef? ? bma=umifhvJ/ usaemfukdr,Hkbl;vm;/ cifAsm;wkd@'D&Hk;ukd r,Hk&if rvm=ueJ@ayhg? ukd,fpm;vS, f? ? r[kwfygbl;/ ,Hkygw,f/ 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@twGufwapmif/ usKyfwkd@twGufwapmif rdwWLxm;zkd@ vkdw,f? usaemfwkd@ b,fawmh ajrydkifcGifh rdwWLawG=unfh&rvJ? twGif;0ef ? ? usaemfrodbl;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;tay:wnfwmyJ? ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? usaemfwkd@ !Gef=um;a&;rª;eJ@ b,fawmhawG@&rvJ/ reufjzefvm;/ twGif;0ef ? ? !Gef§rª; tvkyfrsm;aew,f/ aemuftywfrS jyefvmyg? ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? b,fawmh aemuftygwfvJ? pnf; §rª; ? ? (=um;jzwfI) cifAsm;wkd@ toem;cHpmwif=uwkef;u b,fESpf&uf&ovJ? vlxk ? ? 15 &uf pnf; §rª; ? ? b,fESpf&uftwGif;xGuf&vJ? vlxk ? ? 7 &uf? pnf;§rª; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ aemuftygwfapmifhae&if odyfaemufusoGm;vdrfr,f/ toem;cHpmxyfwifzkd@ rSDrSm r[kwfbl;/ jiif;cH&rSmaygh? cifAsm;wkd@ ajrav#mufxm;cGifh Woolbright xuf t&if wifrjyEkdifbl; qkd&if jiif;cHrSmyJ? qufvkyf&atmif/ usaemfu twGif;0efjyefvkyfr,f? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? tif; - reufjzefusaemfwkd@jyefvmr,f? ,QKxufvlykdrsm;r,f/ 'Dw±Hk;vHk;jynfhoGm;ap&r,f/ 'DrSmajrykdifcGifh rjyrcsif; xkdifapmifhaer,f? pnf;§ rª; ? ? aumif;w,f/ 'Dwcg xyfajymoifhwmuawmh“=unfhprf;/aumif;vkdufwJh±Hk;}uD;/ avat;pufeJ@a&rD; tdrfom tjynfhtpHkyJ/ wu,fvkd@ ajr jiif;cH&&ifawmh 'DrSm vmaer,f/” pojzifh CO uvJ twGif;0efukd “cifAsm; b,frSmaeovJ ”ar;yg / “ usaemfwkd@ ajrr&&if cifAsm;qD vmaer,f ”vkd@ ajymEkdifw,f? usaemfwkd@ tm;vHk; ‘oGm;wkduf ’=uwmyJ/ oGm;wkdufaq; xGufvmzkd@ bmvkyf&ovJ/ npfxkwf&w,fr[kwfvm;? 'DrSmvJ tvm;wlyJ/ usaemfwkd@ !$efrª;eJ@ awG@Ekdifzkd@ 'DvkdyJ npfxkwf&r,f/ !Gefrª;ukdvnf; ajrykdif cGifhjyzkd@ xyfnpfxkwf&OD;r,f/ 'Dwcg 'DajrykdifcGifhukd av#mufxm;wmjy+yD; w&m;ol}uD;ukd xyfnpfxkwf&OD;r,f? cifAsm;wkd@ rnpfxkwf&if/ oGm;wkdufaq; r&ovkd? npfxkwf&r,f? wGif;§0ef ? ? bmqkdifvkd@vJ/ 'Dukd vltrsm;}uD;eJ@xyfvmr,f/ 'gqkd&if w&m;r0ifbl;/ &Jukdac:vdkufr,fovm;/ vmaygh/ cifAsm;wkd@ awG@&rSmyJ? tckoGm;awmh/ usKyfvkyfp&mtrsm;}uD;&Sdw,f? ukd,fpm;vS,ff? ? tkdau? reufjzef 10;00 em&Dawmh ajrykdifcGifhjyzkd@jyifxm;yg/ 'grSr[kwf !$efrª;eJ@ay;awG@yg/ r[kwfbl;qkd&if igwkd@ vdrfrajymbl;qkdwm awG@ap&r,f? pnf;§rª;? ? odyfaumif;w,f? wckqkdygpkd@? tckyJ twGif;0efukd !$efrª;eJ@ tckawG@zkd@ xyfawmif;qkdEkdifw,f? bmvkd@ rvkyfwmvJ/ 'Dwcg usaemf!$efrª;vkyfr,f? !$efrª; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@toif;u w&m;0ifcGifhðyxm;wJhtoif;vm;/ pm&Gufpmwrf;jyyg? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? r&Sdygbl;q&m/ usaemfwkd@ r[kwfygbl;? pnf;§rª; ? ? (=um;jzwfI) 'Dvkdrajym&bl;/ ukd,fhtm;enf;csufukd 'Dvkdrjy&bl;/ vlwa,mufcsif;rSmvJ 'DajrykdifcGifhukd =unfhEkdifwJhtcGifhta&;&Sdw,f? 'gukdajymyg? ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? q&m? usaemfwkd@ pm&Gufpmwrf;awmhygrvmygbl;/ 'gayr,fh zdvpfykdfEkdifiHom;wa,muftaeeJ@ 'gukdawmif;cGifh =unfhcGifh&Sdygw,f? tck ajrykdfcGifhjyrvm; rjybl;vm;/ rjy&if/ 'gukd pmeJ@a&;ay;yg/ rjyEkdifwJh ta=umif;yg a&;ay;yg? +yD;awmh 'gukdywfouf+yD; usaemfwkd@ wckckxyfvkyfr,f? 7? yËdyuQrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif; (Conflict- confrontation) aemufqHk;taeESifh pDrHudef;ESifh }udKwifjyifqifr_rsm;ðy+yD; aomtcg vufawG@xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;wckusef&Sdaeay ao;onf? ‚wGif tqifhrsm;pGm&Sdavonf? xkdifoydwfrSwqifh zdESdyfolESifh wkduf&dkufxdyfwkdufawG@jcif;/ atmf[pfqlyljcif; tqifh tukefvHk;yg0ifavonf? okd@aomf udpP&yfwckwkdif;wGif &nf&G,fxm;&rnfrSm ay;or#aom vlxktiftm;/ jzpfEkdifacs ESifh tjrifhqHk;zdtm;/ tjrifhqHk;&vm'fukd &,l&ef &nf&G,fxm;&rnfjzpfonf? yËdyuQrsm;ESifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;&mwGif cs&rnfh enf;y&d,m,frSm “ukd,hfrSm&SdwmeJ@ udk,fbmvkyfEkdifrvJ” yifjzpfonf?

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okd@aomf xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_wkdif;wGif &Sdxm;&rnfh &nfrSefcsuf (2)ckrSm 1 ? zdESdyfoltm; vlxkawmif;qkdcsufrsm;vkdufavsmfvmap&ef zdtm;ay;jcif;ESifh 2 ? vlxkukd ykdrkdckdifrmapjcif; jzpfonf? atmufwGif enf;y&d,m,ftcsKd@az:jyxm;ygonf? u? tm%monf ukd,fhvufxJwGifom&Sdonfr[kwf? okd@aomf &efolu ol@vufxJwGif tm%m&Sdonf[kxifonf? c ? vlxktawG@t}uHKtjyifbufrS vkyfief;rsKd;rvkyfygESifh? vlxkr}uHKbl;aomtawG@t}uHKenf;y&d,m,fcsrdygu vlxktzkd@ awGa0jcif;/ a=umuf&GH@jcif;/ aemufqkwfjcifh rsm;jzpfvmwwfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qufqHa&;vnf; ysuf,Gif; vmwwfonf? * ? &efolr}uHKbl;aom/ rar#mfvifhaom enf;emrsm;udk &SmoHk;yg? &efolukd awGa0/ a=umuf&GH@/ aemufqkwfoGm;ap&efjzpfonf? C? &efolukd olwkd@csrSwfxm;aom pmtkyf}uD;/ pnf;rsOf;awGxJrSmyJ aeap&efvkyfyg? olwkd@ukd 'geJ@yJ tEkdifjyef,lEkdifonf? i ? ajymifavSmif oa&mfjcif;onf tpGrf;xufaom vufeufwrsKd;jzpfonf? ‚ukd jyefvSefacsy&efvnf; rpGrf;omacs? twdkuftcHzufukd a'goxGufap+yD; trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; ðyrlapum ‚ukd udk,fhtwGuf xyftokH;csEkdifonf? wcgw&H &efol. wHk@jyefcsufay: rlwnf+yD;rS rdrdwkd@ v_yf&Sm;r_ukd pwifEkdifonf? p ? taumif;qHk;enf;y&d,m,fwckrSm vlxkrsm; aysmf&$ifpGm yg0ifvufcHap&rnf jzpfonf? wcgw&H vlxku olwkd@ vkyfaqmifcsufwGif pdwftm;i,fp&m&Sdvmv#if pdwfnpfnL;p&mjzpfvmv#if enf;y&d,m,fcs&mwGif wckckrSm;,Gif;ae+yD ukdodxm;&rnf? q? enf;y&d,m,fwckxJukdyJ =um&SnfpGm toHk;ðyaecJhv#if jyif&D +iDaiG@zG,f&mjzpfwwfonf? jy\emwcktay: vlxku tcsdefumv twkdif;twm wckxdom aoG;ºuaewwf=uonf? aemufykdif;wGif ±kd;tDoGm;wwfonf/ tcrf;tem; qefqef jzpfoGm;wwfonf? xkd@a=umifh jy\emtopf/ v_yf&Sm;r_topfrsm; az:xkwfay;&rnf? Z? qufwkduf qufwkduf rwlaom enf;y&d,m,f/ rwlaom v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;jzifh tajctae tcsdeftcg vkdufI &efolukd zdtm; tqufrjywfay;xm;yg? ps ? wcgw&H +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;onf ol. yifukd,fvkyfEkdifonfxuf ykdI a=umufp&maumif;aewwfonf? n? enf;y&d,m,f. t"du &nf&G,fcsufrSm rdrd&efolukd tquftjywfzdtm;ay;xm;Ekdif&eftwGuf rdrdv_yf&Sm;r_ukd zGH@òz;aeap&efjzpfonf? rdrdenf;yd&d,m,f rnfokd@OD;wnfaeonfukd owdrvyfapmifh=unfhae&rnf? wHk@jyefcsuftay: vkdufI xyfwkd;wkdufckdufEkdifonfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh zdtm;tqufrjywfay;xm;ekdifa&;twGuf }udKwifwGufqxm;&ef vkdtyfonf>? Ë ? rddwkdufckdufr_atmifjrif&efrSm tjcm;t&Henf;wck}udKwifjyifqifxm;&efjzpfonf? tu,fI &efolu csufcsif; tavsmhay; vkdufavsmygu aocsmjyifqifxm;aom awmif;qkdcsufr&Sdygu rdrdwkd@ qHk;±_H;rnfjzpfonf? É ? owfrSwfcsuf (Target) a&G;cs,fyg? tm±kHpl;pkdufxm;yg? raysmufoGm;ygapESifh? owfrSwfcsufa&G;cs,f&rnfpHrsm;rSm - xdckdufvG,fjcif;jzpfonf? owfrSwfcsufukd csdef&G,fxm;aomtcsdefwGif tjcm;om;aumifjzwfoGm;ovkdjzpfapaom jiif;cHkcsufrsm;ukd vHk;0 ypfy,f&rnf jzpfonf? okd@r[kwfygu om;aumifvGwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf? È? owfrSwfcsuf a&G;cs,f&mwGif yk*~dKvfwOD;wa,mufukd a&G;cs,fyg? okd@aomf &&Sd&ef cufcJwwfonf? okd@aomf vlxktaejzifh “acG;rom;” wa,mufa,muf tm±HkpkdufvG,f cHpm;csufjzpfvG,f=uonf? zdESdyfr_rsm;=um;rs vlxkEkd;=um;vmap&efrSm a,bl,s pGyfpGJcsufrsm;ESifh omrvHkavmufacs? wdusaomjy\emESifh vufawG@ xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rsm; zdESdyfolrsm;ESifhawG+yD;aomtcgrSom &ifhusufvm=uonf? tpueOD;wGif pdwful;,Ofp&m raumif;vSac? pwifazgufcGJ&aom jy\emrsm;rSm ao;i,faom vufawGvkdtyfcsufrsm;jzpfonf? v#yfppfrD; / a&/ rdv†mpepf/ usef;rma&;/ vkyfcGifusef;rma&; ponfwkd@omjzpfonf? tpykdif;wGif tvGJoHk;pm;vkdyfaeol wOD;OD;ukd &nf&G,f=u &wwfonf? aemufykdif;wGif jy\emrsm;rSm ykdI taoppdwfvm+yD; eufeJvmwwf=uonf? yËdyuQrsm; xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;=uonfh ae&mwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf bmvkyfoifhoenf?

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rlvu pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh }udKwifavhusifhxm;jcif;rsm; aumif;rGefpGðyxm;yg? ar#mfrSef;xm;onfhtwkdif; tqifajy acsmarG@ oGm;ayrnf? xkdtacg bmrSvkyfp&mrvkdtyfyJ aemufxyfjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;twGuf ab;rS apmifh=unfh&efom vkdtyfonf? okd@aomf rar#mfvifhonfht&mwckckjzpfvmygu ‚tajctaeukd xdef;odrf;&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS 0iful &avh&Sdonf? usL;ausmftdrf,maeolrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf ‚vlxkrS (vlr_zlvHka&;Xme DSW) rS tao;pm;acs;aiGrsm; &&ef}udK;pm;v#uf&Sdonf? yËdyuQxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_i,frsm; rsm;pGm+yD;pD;oGm;aomtcg aqG;aEG;yGJwck jzpfvm&awmhonf? tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh DSW t&m&Sdukd,fpm;vS,f (3) OD; bk&m;ausmif;wckwGif aqG;aEG; =uonf? ‚teufrS t&m&Sdwa,mufrSm yg;eyf+yD; vlxkawGa0oGm;atmif ar;cGef;rsm;pGmukd vSnfhywfar;aeawmhonf? vlxkrSmvnf; pum;0kdif;ukd tjzwfrjzwfEkdifyJ jzpfvm&awmhonf? xkd@a=umifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS bk&m;ausmif;rS bkef;awmf}uD;tm; xkdt&m±dS (3) OD;tm; vufzuf&nfwkduf&ef zdwfac:ckdif;vkduf+yD; c%em;ckdifwGif vlxktm; rnfokd@rnfyHk rSm;aeonf/ rnfokd@awmif;qkdajym=um;&rnfukd jyefvnfaqG;aEG;ckdif;cJhonf? tpnf;ta0;jyefpaomtcg vlxktm; bmvkyf&rnfqkdonfukd od+yD;jzpfapcJhonf? t+rJwrf; yËyuQrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;wGif zdESdyfolESifh zdESdyfcH&oltzkd@/ zdESdyfcH&olrsm;zufrS t+rJtEkdif &&ef vkdtyfayonf? vlxkonf w&m;aom awmif;qkdcsufukd awmif;aejcif;jzpf&m zdESdyfoltzkd@ atmufyg (2)vrf;ukdom a&G;p&m&Sdawmhonf? tay:pD;rS aeI tcsKd@tcGifhta&;ukd ay;rvm; okd@r[kwf jiif;y,frvm; qkdonfyif? zdESdyfolrsm;tzkd@ nD!Gwfpkpnf;+yD; umvwGif xdyfwkdufawG@r_/ wkdufckdufr_rsm;+yD;onfhaemufwgif tcsKd@ tcGihfta&;rsm; ay;&rnfyif? ‚onf ‚wkd@. vHk;0atmifjrifr_r[kwfao;ay? qufvufpkpnf;I qufvufwkdufyGJ0if&OD;rnfukd oabmaygufxm;&rnfjzpfayonf? tu,fI zdESdyfolu ‚w&m;aom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcJhygu vlxkukd ykdI ckdif+rJap&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fI zdESdyfolu vlxktm; tiftm;toHk;ðyvmcJhygu ol@tzkd@ vlxkukd ykdrkdE_d;=um;wufºuatmif/ rr#w rw&m;r_ukd ykdrkday:vGifatmif vlxktm; wGef;ykd@&rnfjzpfonf? yËdyuQrsm;xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifawG@jcif;wGif pnf;vHk;aom vlxkESifh ‚. ypfrSwf=um;wGif zdESdyfolrS umuG,fEkdifaom enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdayonf? ‚wkd@taejzifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_ukd t±H_;ay;jcif;(okd@r[kwf) xGufajy;jcif;rsKd;r&Sday? ‚ukd =um;cHrsm;/ wqifhcHolrsm;/ ukd,f&Hawmfrsm; vGwfIvlxkukd ESifxkwfjcif;/ vlxkESifh a0;apjcif; rsm;ðywwfayonf? xkd@a=umifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ rsufESmcsif;qkdifawG@Ekdifatmif enf;vrf;rsKd;pHk&SmazGapoifhonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rªwa,mufu 'Dvkd azmfjyygw,f? “vlxku a&ykdufawG wyfqifay;zkd@ awmif;qkdaewmukd òr@ykdifu ykef;aeygw,f? vlxku tpkdvkdufoGm;awG@+yD; awG@qHkcGifh&zkd@ }udK;pm;ygw,f? 'gukd olu oabmrwlygbl;? olu vleJeJqkda&if awG@qHkEkdifr,fajymygw,f? 'geJ@ 'Dtkyfpk}uD;ukd cGJvkduf+yD; tkyfpki,frsm; tjzpf (&) a,muf(8) a,mufavmufpDeJ@ zGJ@vkdufygw,f? wzGJ@pDu òr@ykdifeJ@awG@zkd@awmif;qkdygw,f? w&ufxJ tcsdefxJawmif;=uygw,f? 'DvkdxdyfwkdufawG@+yD;wJhaemufrSm a&ykdufawGvmwyfay;&ygawmhw,f? tcsKd@vltkyfpkrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifwa,muf 2 a,mufay:wGifom tm;ukd;tm;xm;vGef;aom trSm;rsKd;}uHKavh&Sd =uonf? vlxkukd olwkd@ukd aemufu axmufcHay;zkd@ac:oGm;avhr&Sd=uygbl;? zdESdyfolawGeJ@ oGm;awG@wJhtcgvnf; tvm;wl ygyJ? 'g[m aemufjyefqGJapygw,f? vlwpku vlwa,muftay: rSDckdjcif;[m ukd,fh&J@enf;y&d,m,feJ@ukd,fh&J@ awmif;qkdcsufukd tm;enf;apygw,f? wzGJ@wpnf;vHk;jzpf&rSmyg? Oyrmwckukd azmfjy&&if / oifwef;om; pnf;§rª; wa,mufu ol@acgif;aqmifukd ,QKvkd jyefajymjyygw,f? olu tvkyform;wpkukd pnf;±Hk;ae+yD; “tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme” qDukd olwkd@&J@ r&wJ@ vkyfcawGtwGuf awmif;qkdzkd@jyifae=uygw,f? 'Doifwef;om; pnf;§rª;&J@ t&nftcsif;ukdodcsifwmeJ@ oifwef;q&mu ,QKvkdar;vkdufygw,f? “bmawG wdwdusus awmif;qkdrvJ” “usaemfrodygbl;/ a&S•ae OD;b u jyifqifaewmygy”J “b,fol@rSm pm&Gufpmwrf;/ awmif;qkdcsuf/ a=ujimcsuf/ taxmuftxm; tjynfhtpHk&SdovJ” “a&S•aeOD;b rSmygy”J “a&S•ae OD;b r&SdcJh&if b,folpum;ajymrSmv”J “rodygbl;/ a&S•ae OD;b wa,mufxJ tquftoG,ftm;vHkodwmyJ” pum;ajymae=uwmeJ@wif 'Dtjzpftysuf[m odomygw,f? a&S•ae OD;b wa,mufxJ tm;vHk;vkyfaeygw,f? aemufqHk;rSm awmh q&mu oifwef;om;ukd ar;ygapw,f? “tu,fI a&S•ae OD;b reufjzef aooGm;&if rif;eJ@ vkyfom;awG bmvkyf=urvJ” ol rajzEkdifawmhygbl;?

30“rif;eJ@ rif;wkd@ jy\emwckvHk; oleJ@ ajrusif;xJ vkdufqif;=uawmhr,f” q&mu aumufcsufcsygw,f?

vlxkyg0ifv_yf&Sm;a&;qkdwmu wwfEkdifor#vlxk[m 'Denf;y&d,m,frSm/ xdyfwkdufawG@r_/ !SdE_dif;r_rSmyg0ifygwfouf a&; jzpfygw,f? tu,fI vlxku yg0ifwkdufckdufcJh&if 'g[m olwkd@ wkdufyGJ/ atmifjrifcJh&if olwkd@ atmifyGJ vkd@ cH,l=uygr,f? +yD;awmh vlxkacgmif;aqmifukd zdESdyfolu vmbfxkd;zsufqD;wmrsKd;ukd umuG,fEkdifygw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh vlxkrsm; ukd,fwkdifu apmifh=unfhae&vkd@ygyJ? 8? aphpyf!SdE_dif;jcif; (Negotiations) aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;onf vlxktiftm;. toD;tyGifhjzpfonf? vlxku awmif;qkdcsufjzifh v_yf&Sm;+yD;aemuf olwkd@. awmif;qkdcsuf tao;pdwfukd av;av;eufeufem;axmif&ef zdtm;ay;Ekdifjcif;jzpfonf? aphpyf!SdE_dif;jcif;onf ESpfOD; ESpfzuf vHk;rS wdusaomtajzukd &Sm&ef vkdvm;aomtcgrS pwifvmayonf? ‚tqifhonf atmf[pfqlyljcif;ESifh xdyfwkduf awG@jcif; tqifhwkd@ukd jzwfoef;+yD;rS jzpfvmayonf? vlxktzkd@ aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;pm;yGJay:wGif tompD;&&Sd&efrSm aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;twGufoifhawmhaomtajctaersm; jyifqif xm;jcif;jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjyygw,f? “usaemfwkd@u vufOD;r_&apzkd@eJ@tom&apzkd@ vlxkzufuukd,fpm;vS,fukd yxray;ajymapygw,f? pawmif;qkdcsuf rsm; ay;+yD; bmqufvkyfr,fajymjyygw,f? tjcm;wzufuvnf; 'DvkdawG;xm;yHkygyJ/ yxr pajymzkd@ awmif;qkdygw,f? olajymaewHk; usaemfwkd@u =um;jzwf+yD; “usaemfwkd@ EkdifiHawmfoDcsif;qkd=u&atmif” qkd+yD; vkyfygw,f? tm;vHk;x&yf+yD; qkd=u&ygw,f? olwkd@ vufOD;r_ukd zsufEkdifvkdufygw,f?” 'DtcsuftvufawGukd aphpyf!SdE_dif;wJhae&mrSm ukdifpGJoifhygw,f? u? !SdE_dif;pm;yGJwGif aqG;aEG;rnfholonf jy\emwckvHk;ESifh tjiif;tcHkjzpfr_rsm;ukd }udKwifodxm;&ygrnf? ‚tjyif ‚wdk@ &vkdr_ ESifh tompD;jzpfaomtajctae/ oabmxm;ESifh twkduftcHzufrS v_yf&Sm;Ekdifr_rsm;ukd odxm;&ygrnf? c ? !SdE_dif;r_ukd vlxktdrf,m&Sd&ma'o (okd@r[kwf) =um;a'owckckwGif vkyf&ygrnf? tu,fI &efolu ole,fajyxJrSmom cGifhðyygu rdrdzufe,fajrwGif t&ifusif;y&ef +yD;rS om wvSnfhpD ðyvkyf&ef awmif;qkd&rnf? aqG;aEG;r_ukd vlxk=um;Ekdifaom/ vlxkem;axmifEdkifaoma'owGif omjzpfoifhonf? aqG;aEG;!SdE_dif;r_ukd [kdw,f/ pm;aomufqkdif}uD;rsm;wGif vkyfjcif;ukd a&Smif=uOfyg? *? &efolajymor# a=ujimcsuf/ jiif;cHkcsufrsm;ukd vHk;0vufrcHygESifh? rdrdtcsuftvufESifh wkdufqkdifppfaq;yg? C? jy\emtay: qkyfukdifxm;yg? rvkdtyfyJ pum;tao;tzGJajymr_utp a&SmifusOfyg? vlxktuJjzwf wa,mufrS tv†my ov†my ajymr_rsm;ukd jzwfypfckdif;yg? i? ukd,fpm;vS,f(okd@) qHk;jzwf&ef tcGifhtm%m&Sdol r[kwfolwOD;ESifh b,fawmhr# raqG;aEG;ygESifh? aqG;aEG;yGJtpuwnf;u ,if;tcsufukd aocsmygap? qHk;jzwfcGifhtm%mr&Sdv#if ESifxkwfvkdufyg? p? aoG;cJG;+yD; tEkdif,l&ef vkyfrnfh tajctaersKd;ukd owdxm;yg? &efolzufrS vlxkukd,fpm;vS,fxJrS olaumufukdif &Edkifol wa,mufukd cGJxkwf+yD; ol@twGuf tvkyfvkyfoGm;Ekdifonf? vlxk tuJjzwf wa,mufxm;+yD; ‚ukd apmifh=unfhckdif;yg? ‚vlxk ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rSm ,cifxJu !SdE_dif;qHk;jzwfxm;+yD;om;jzpf&rnf? q? tu,fI !SdE_dif;onfh ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rS awGa0vmygu pdwfnpfnL;vmygu em;&ef awmif;qkdEkdifonf? Z? aemufxyftajctaeukd avhvm&ef aumfrwDzGJ@jcif;ukd b,fawmhrS oabmrwlygESifh? ‚onf &efolu tcsdefqGJaom enf;y&d,m,fomjzpfonf? vrf;a=umif;ajymif;oGm;aprnf? tu,fI oifhzufrS toHk;ðy&ef tcsdefqGJ&ef vkdtyfygu &efoltm; T vrf;a=umif;ukd csay;Ekdifonf? ps? tm;vHk;+yD;ygu aqG;aEG;&or#tcsufrsm;ukd csa&;I tjzL(okd@) trnf; ar;yg? vufrSwfxkd;ckdif;yg? Ttcsuftvufukd aocsmap&efrSm ab;rS apmifh=unfholwOD;xm;I tao;pdwfukd rSwfom;apjcif;jzpfonf? !SdE_dif;aqG;aEG;yGJrS &vm'f wdk;wufr_rsm;ukd atmufajctoif;0iftm;vHk;okd@ csjy&rnf? Ttcsufonf ta&;}uD;onf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf aqG;aEG;yGJ ysufjym;oGm;ygu v_yf&Sm;r_ topfwck vkdtyfvmrnf jzpfaoma=umifh jzpfonf? acgif;aqifrSm atmufajci,fom;rsm;twGuf wm0ef&Sd+yD; bmjzpfysufaeonfukd t+rJwrf; today;ae&rnfjzpfonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyif vlxkonf ay:vpDcsrSwfa&;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufðyvkyfa&;twGuf tm%mykdifyifjzpfonf? tvmwl aqG;aEG;yGJ 0if ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukdvnf; tcsdefra&G;a0zefcsufay;Ekdifonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rSm “tajccHvkyfief;” rsm;rS wqifh t}uHay;jcif; tm;wufapjcif;/ a0zefjcif;rsm; ðyvkyfay;Ekdifonf? 31

9? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; (Reflection) v_yf&Sm;r_wck+yD;wkdif; tjzpftysufwck+yD;wkdif;jyefvnfokHk;oyf&ef/ jyefvnfpdppf&ef aemufxyftpDpOfcsrSwf&ef vkdtyfayonf? ,QKv_yf&Sm;r_wGif yg0ifcJholrsm;tm;vHk; ukd jyefvnfzdwf=um;yg? ‚tpDtpOfwGif wkduf±dlufryg0ifolrsm;vnf; wufa&mufEkdifonf? TuJhokd@ jyefvnfoHk;oyfr_r&Sdygu ,QiftawG@t}uHKrsm;onf arhavsmhukef=u+yD;oGm;=urnfjzpf+yD;/ ‚ukd jyefvnfqifcsifoHk;oyf&mrS &vmaom odpdwf r&&Sd=uyJ jzpfaeayrnf? r=umrDu +yD;cJhaom v_yf&Sm;r_ukd jyefvnf qGJxkwf+yD; oHk;oyfapjcif;jzifh/ ‚. ta&;ygr_/ tm;omcsuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd odEkdifvmrnfjzpfonf? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;onf v_yf&Sm;jcif;/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; puf0kdif;wck. tqHk;jzpf+yD; tjcm;puf0kdif;wck. tpjzpfonf? vlxkonf olwkd@v_yf&Sm;r_tay: jyefvnfoHk;oyf=u+yD;/ tcsKd@ oifcef;pmwkd@ xkwfE_wfoif=um;Ekdifum tjcm; v_yf&Sm;r_ wckokd@ OD;wnfaponf? tjcm;tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh tvmwlyif ‚ “jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; tpnf;ta0;” ukdvnf; }udKwifjyifqifr_&Sdap&rnf? tu,fI tzGJ@i,fygu wOD;csif;ukd v_yf&Sm;r_ rpwifrdu cHpm;csufrsm;/ ta&;cif;wck/ tjzpftysufwck twGif; cHpm;r_ESifh +yD;pD;oGm;aomugv wGif cHpm;csufrsm;ukd ar;jref;Ekdifonf? tu,fI tzGJ@tpnf; }uD;ygu xkdtzGJ@tpnf;wGif wckck OD;aqmif&ef t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;/ tajymta[maumif;olrsm;ukd ajymqkdwkdufwGef; oifhonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;jzifh tvkyform;tzG@J wzGJ@ b,fvkd ajymif;vJwkd;wufvm&w,f qkdwm ajymjyygw,f? “ yxrqHk;olwkd@ tvkyform;awG ta=umif; ajym=uawmh tm;vHk;wdwfqdwfae=u+yD; a=umuf&GH@ae=uygw,f? pum;us,fus,fawmif ajym&Jolr&SdoavmufygyJ? wa,mufeJ@ wa,muf wdk;wkd;usdwfusdwf ajym=uwmavmufyJ&Sdw,f? olwkd@ rv_yfr&Sufjzpfae=uyHku &,fp&mawmif aumif;ygw,f? olwkd@[m w±kyfolaX;eJ@ ukwfeJ@vnfpD;0wfvmwJh oltm;vHk; ukd a=umuf&GH@aeawmhwmygyJ? tywfaygif;rsm;pGm v_yf&Sm;r_/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfr_awG +yD;vmwJhtcgrSmawmh olwkd@rSm a=umuf&GH@pdwfawG / odrfi,fpdwfawG[m wajz;ajz; aysmufoGm;ygw,f? olwkd@ w±kyfolaX;ukd wcgwcgjyefajymwm=um;& ygw,f? “olcsD;vJ igwkd@vkd eHwmygyJuGm/ olb,fvkd0wfpm;xm;xm; eHwmygyJ ” tJovkd awmif ajymvm=uygawmhw,f? ” 'DvkdjyefvnfoHk;oyfwJhpnf;a0;yGJawGuae+yD; vlxkawG[m vlxktm%mqkdwm b,fvkdqkdwmrsKd; todw&m;&Sdvm =uygw,f? vlxk&J@ qHk;jzwfcsuf ay;oifhw,f/ vlxkrSmt&m&mukd ajymif;vJEkdifwJh pGrf;tif&Sdw,f qkdwmygyJ? 'Duae wajz;ajz; olwkd@ b,ftxdvkyfEkdifw,f/ olwkd@ b,ftxd oGm;Ekdifw,fqkdwm oabmaygufvm=uygawmhw,f? toif;tzGJ@ wckwGif; wGif zdESdyfolwOD;ukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; t}udrf}udrf ðyjcif;jzifh ol. &yfwnfr_ taetxm; ukd aysmufvmapEkdif+yD; vlxkuvnf; ‚ukd 0kdif;y,f&ef oabmaygufvm=uawmhonf? tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; tzGJ@0iftm;vHk;u ‚ukd *±kwpkduf=unfh±_aejcif;jzifh ‚ukd‚t&Suf&vmaponf? tvm;wlpGmyif jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;enf;tm;jzihf vlxkaexkdifae&=uaomb0ESifh acwfpepfukd odapEkdifonf? vlxk. a0zefr_ tvif;a&mifukd vlxk twGif;rsKd;aphcsay;Ekdifonf? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ukd odyfav;av;eufeuf yHkpHwus}uD; ðyvkyf&ef rvkdtyfyg? atmifyGJcHjcif;ESifh aysmfyGJ&$ifyGJrsm;vnf; vkdtyfygonf? atmufygwkd@rSm jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; twGuf ar;cGef;tcsKd@jzpfygonf? u? cifAsm;±Hk;ukd a&mufwJhtcg(ok@dr[kwf) v_yf&Sm;r_xJa&mufwJhtcg b,fvkdcHpm;&ygovJ? c ? &efol&J@ pum;vHk;/ vkyfukdifr_ / oabmxm; awGukd b,fvkd wHk@jyefrvJ * ? t}uHtpnf; twkdif;a&mufatmif b,fvkdvkyfaqmif=uovJ? acgif;aqmifu b,fvkd vkyfovJ? bmawGrSm;w,fvkd@ xifygovJ? tJ'Dtpm; b,fvkdðyjyifoifhovJ? C? tpykdif;rSm bmjzpfvkd@ a=umuf&GH@ae&ovJ? +yD;awmh b,fvkd owWd&SdvmovJ? vlxk&J@ tiftm;qkdwmbmvJ? i ? ±Hk;t&m±dSu b,fvkdwkef@jyefygovJ? usaemfwkd@ acgif;aqmifu b,fvkdwHk@jyefygovJ? Tar;cGef;tm;vHk;ukd v_yf&Sm;r_wck+yD;wkdif; ar;jref;Ekdifonf? tu,fI vlxkrS pdwftm;xufoefygv#if tm%m&J@ oabmw&m;ukd vlxkpOf;pm;Ekdifatmif &uftenf;i,f+yD;rS vkyfEkdifonf? vlxk&J@ yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_/ acgif;aqmif. tcef;u¾/ tem*gwfrSm b,fvkdyHkpH vlaer_pepf vkdcsifovJ/ xdyfwkdufawG@r_&J@ tusKd;eJ@ tjypfrsm;/ yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;rS t,ltq tpHkpHk/ tjcm;EkdifiH. orkdif;rsm; pojzifh vJ yg0ifEkdifonf? Ttpnf;ta0;rpwifcif qufpyfaom Game wckck ðyEkdifonf? orRmusrf;pmukd zwf+yD; csJ@xGif ukd;um; Ekdifonf? orRmusrf;pmu 'geJ@ywfouf+yD; bmajymovJ/ Oyrm acgif;aqmif. tcef;u¾ pojzifh toHk;ðyEkdifonf? ‚u vlwkd@&J‹ºu,f0r_eJ@ OpPmcGJa0r_ta=umif;/ w&m;r#wr_ta=umif;bmajymygovJ pojzifh ukd;um;Ekdifonf?

32

10? r[mrdwftiftm;pkrsm; Support Group vlxkwkd@ tm%m&&Sda&;twGuf pnf;±Hk;&mwGif rdrdwkd@ukd axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ukdvnf; t"duxm;&efvJ ta&;}uD;onf? ‚wGif axmufcHaomtiftm;pkrSm tqifhtwef; rsKd;rsKd;yg0ifayonf? tzdESdyfcHrsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;&mwGif vlukd,fwkdif ryg0ifEkdifonfjzpfap/ ±kyf0wWKtm;/ pdwf"gwfa&;&mt& tm;ay;Ekdifolrsm;vJ yg0ifayonf? tcsKd@olrsm;rSm aiGa=u;axmufyHhjcif;ðyEkdifum/ pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;rsm; tvG,fwulðyekdif+yD;/ aiGa=u;&HyHkaiG/ pm;a&;aoufa&;ukd tcsdef ukefcHum &SmazG&ef rvcktyfawmhay? tcsKd@rSm owif;jzef@csDa&;ukd ulnDEkdifonf? tcsKd@rSm ‚wkd@pufr_vkyfief;qkdif&m tcsKd@ukd ulnDEkdifonf? ‚axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ukd t=urf;tm;jzifh (2) ckcGJEkdifygonf? wckrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;ESifh pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyfief;tqifhqihfukd ulnDEkdifolrsm;jzpf+yD; ta&tawGuftm;jzifh eJyg;ygonf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf pGef@vGwfr_eJ@ av;eufpGm ,Hk=unfr_ vkdaoma=umifhjzpfonf? tcsKd@rSm udpP&yfwck/ jy\em&yfwckavmufwGif ulnDEkdifolrsm;om trsm;tm;jzifhjzpf=uonf? Oyrm? ? ywf0ef;usif xknpfnrf;r_/ usL;ausmftdrf,m? trsKd;orD;u,fq,fa&; ponf? yxrtqifhaxmufcHaomtiftm;pkrsm;rSm vlxk pnf;±Hk;a&;toif;tyif;wckrS jzpfEkdif+yD; ‚wkd@u 'kwd, tiftm;pkrsm;ukd &Sm&jyefonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh aiGa=u;ESifh ±kyfpwWKtaxmuftyHhay;Ekdifzkd@jzpfonf? 'kwd,tiftm;pkrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf a&S•aersm;/ òr@jyaeolrsm;/ bmoma&;toif;rsm;/ okawoeorm;rsm;/ owif;orm;rsm; ponfwkd@onf olwkd@ pdwf0ifpm;aom jy\em okd@r[kwf tcsdefwkd wGif olwkd. tquftoG,f/ t&nftcsif; wkd@jzifh vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;kd ulnDEkdifygonf? ta&;}uD;onfrSm vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;rS rdrdwkd@bmvkyf=u&rnfukdqHk;jzwf=u&rnfjzpf+yD; axmufcHaomolrsm;u rnfonfhbufrS ulnDay;Ekdifonfukd aygif;pyf=u&rnfjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh rnfokd@tm;jzihf axmufcH aom tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh r[mrdwfðyrvJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh rdrdwkd@ ajz&Sif;aeae&aom jy\emwGif rnfonfwkd@ pdwf0ifpm;Ekdifonf &SmazG=u &rnfjzpfonf? tu,fI zdESdyfolu tjypf&Sdvmaomtcg Oya'csKd;azmufI vlrqefpGmðyrlvmaomtcg tpkd;&Xmersm;u yif taxmuftcH&Ekdifao;onf? tvG,fulqHk;rSm bmoma&;toif;rsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ tpGef; (2)yg;ukd a&SmifusOf&ayrnf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;rSm rnfonfh axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrS r&Smvkd=uacs? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf ‚wkd@rSm vlxkxH tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh qufpyfaeaoma=umifhjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh olwkd@u vlxk. v_yf&Sm;r_oefhoef@ ukdom ðyvkd=uonf? TonfrSm trSm;wckjzpfonf? tjcm;trSm;tpGef;wzufrSm vHk;vHk; axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ay:okd@ rSDckdjcif;jzifh yËdyuQ xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif; rsm;ukd atmifjrifvkd=uonf? t+rJ jy\emwck}uHKvmwkdif; r[mrdwfrsm;xHajy;=uonf? taumif;qHk;enf;emrSm vlxkukd ol@bmom t"du tiftm;pktjzpf}uD;xGm;vmatmif wwfEkdifoI taxmuftyH tiftm;pkrsm;rygyJ zGH@òz;&ifhusufvm atmif vkyf&efyifjzpfonf?

tcef; (4) tzGJ@tpnf;yHko¾ef vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;onf “vlqif;&Jrsm;. tm%mtiftmpk” rsm;jzpf=uonf? TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. wdusaom wm0efrSm vlqif;&Jrsm;ESifh tm%mvufrJhrsm;ukd olwkd@ tem*gwfukd olwkd@ zefwD;cGifh &ap&ef/ olwkd@. vuf&Sdb0 ukd olwkd@ qENtwkdif; yHkoGif;cGifh&ap&efyifjzpfonf? olwkd@onf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. tm%mvufrJhwkd@. A[kdcsuf tajzjzpfonf? vlxk tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;onf tjcm;tpnf; t±Hk;rsm;ESifh yHko¾efutp qHk;jzwfcsufcsyHk/ tpDtpOfa&;qJGykH/ v_yf&Sm;yHk/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfyHkutp uGmjcm;ayonf? ‚wkd@rSm acgif;aqmiftenf;pku csKyfukdifxm;&efr[kwfyJ atmufajcxk toif;0if}uD;w&yfvHk;u csKyfukdif&efjzpfonf? vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;onf pwifpcguyif yHko¾eft& tvkdvkd uGJjym;ayonf? tpOD;ykdif;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ ol@ukd,fol owdxm;rdrnfr[kwfay? Oyrmtm;jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;/ Oya'a&;qGJjcif;/ ponfhta&;}uD;vSonfr[kwf t"du tm;jzifh tzGJ@tpnf;tESpfom& uon yxrvkdtyfayonf? tESpfom& qkdonfrSm “vkyfom;xkrsm;/ vlxkrsm; twlwuG tvkyfvkyfjcif;ESifh qef@usifv_yf&Sm;jcif;” yifjzpfonf? tpykdif; a'owckwGif 'Drkdua&pD toif;I,frsm; rsm;pGm r_dvkdaygufEkdifygonf? xdktcg zGJ@pnf;yHk vkdtyfvmygonf? okd@aom zGJ@pnf;yHkrSm tESpfom&aemufu vkduf&rnfomjzpfygonf? 33

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu tqifhawGukd 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f? “tzGJ@wck[m jy\em (3)ck av;ck avmufwkdufyGJjzwfoef;+yD;=uwJhtcgrSm wkdufyGJxJuae acgif;aqmifxGufay: vmygw,f? 'DtcgrSm yHkpHwus tzGJ@tpnf;zGJ@Ekdifyg+yD/ Oyrm wlwmuawmh trd0rf;wGif;u uav;i,fvkdygyJ? yxrðyvkyfzkd@ / +yD;awmh arG;zGm;zkd@ +yD;rS trnfay;&ygw,f? 'g[m tzGJ@tpnf;awG ðyvkyfzkd@jzwfoef;&rnfhobm0tqifhawG jzpfygw,f? tu,fI tjcm;enf;awGeJ@pwifcJh&if Oyrm acgif;aqmifukdyxra&G;cs,fjcif; vkyf&if vlxkawG[m aemufukd xkdifoGmygr,f? olwkd@ jy\em0efxkyf0efykd;}uD;ukd acgif;aqmifawG vufxJxnfhvkdufa&m” 'DyHkpH[m [kwfygw,f? Oyrm vlxktajccHtoif;yif;awG pwif+yD;wJh aemufrSm zGJ@pnf;&ifawmh jzpfygw,f? Ekd@r[kwf &ifawmh puULay:u tzGJ@tpnf;/ 'grSr[kwf acgif;aqmif}uD;pkd;wJh tzGJ@tpnf;yJ jzpfrSmygyJ? olwkd@ukd xkwfypfzkd@ rjzpfEkdifovkd puULay:u csnf;yJ bmrS vkyfEkdifrSmvJ r[kwfygbl;? qufvkyf&rnfh enf;vrf;uawmh tzGJ@tpnf;0ifawGukd olwkd@&J@ tzGJ@ tpnf;ukd tjynfht0 toHk;cszkd@ v_H@aqmf&rSmygyJ? arhavsmhaewJh vlxkukd,fwkdif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;r_ukd oHk;zkd@ygyJ? vlxktoiftyif;. zGJ@pnf;yHk ao;i,fwJh vlxk&J@ 'Drkdua&pDtoif;tyif;av;awG[m a&&Snfrwnf+rJEkdifygbl;? acwfpepfeJ@ qkdifwJh ykdtqifhjrifhwJh jy\emrsm;ukd ukdifwG,f=uzkd@ qkd&ifawmh 'Dtoif;tzGJ@uav;awGukd olwkd@zmom pkpnf;apzkd@ vkdtyfygw,f? vufawG@ uswJh vkyf&yftaeeJ@uawmh a'otwGif;rSm vlxktoif;tyif;av;awG pkaygif;+yD; “vlxknDvmcH” yHkpHrsKd; usif;yapwm ygyJ? xkdtcg tJ'Duae wqifh ay:xGufvmygvdrfhr,f? 'Dvkdpk±Hk;zGJ@pnf;&muaejzpfay:vmwJh toif;&J@ zGJ@pnfyHkukdawmh txl;owdðy&ygvdrfhr,f? tEWm&,f&Sdwmu tJ'Du aewqifh AsL±dku&ufwpfwa,muf arG;xkwfay;vmEkdif+yD; vlxk&J@ yg0ifr_tcef;u¾ukd ypfy,fvmEkdifygw,f? 'Drkdua&pDcsKyfukdifr_ukd ypfy,fvmEkdifygw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@yJ ,cifvlxk&J@ }uD;rm;wJh tiftm;pk}uD;ukd usOf;ajrmif;wJh csKyfcs,fxm;wJh ajr&Sifpepf/ t&if;&Sifpepf yHkpHoGif;ypfvkduf&ma&mufw,f? vlxkqef@usifa&;yHkpHawGukd twk,lrdv#ufom; jzpfoGm;wwfonf?yHkpHtopfukd pwif=u&rnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf atmufygpHrsm;jzifh vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm;ukd wkdif;wmEkdifygonf? 1? vlxktrsm;qHk;yg0ifv_yf&Sm;Ekdifjcif; t"du vufawG@ tcuftcJrSm vlxkrsm;vmaomtcg ae&m jy\emyifjzpfonf? vlxkwGif tpnf;ta0;}uD;rsm; vkyfEkdif&ef cef;r}uD;rsm;r&Sd=uay? okd@aomf trsm;qHk;yg0ifEkdif&ef}udK;yrf;=u&ayrnf? acgif;aqmifwa,muftaejzifh vpOf vlxkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGif vlxkukd wifjy&ayrnf? ykdta&;}uD;onfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;tzkd@ atmufajctzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh a'ocH toif;tyif;rsm;=um;okd@ vSnfvnfoGm;vmjcif;/ tpnf;ta0; rpcif tajccHvkyfief;rsm; ðyjcif;/ vlxkukd t}uHay;jcif;ESifh ar;cGef;rsm; ar;apjcif;wkd@jzpfonf? 2? vlxkrS trsm;qHk; csKyfukdifxdef;odrf;Ekdifr_ TonfrSm vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rS acgif;aqmifwOD;u csKyfukdifxm;aom tpnf;t±Hk;wcktjzpfokd@ ra&mufatmif umuG,fjcif;yif jzpfonf? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rS wqifh acgif;aqmifr_ukd ykdrkd &ifhusufap&ef wnfhrwfðyjyif Ekdifonf? okd@aomf Tenf;r#ESif rvHkavmufay? ‚tjyif zGJ@pnf;yHkvnf; ta&;}uD;ygonf? TzGJ@pnf;yHkjzihf acgif;aqmiftm; ±dk;om;r_&Sdatmif/ vlxktusKd;t+rJaqmifEkdifatmif xdef;odrf;Ekdifonf? wenf;rSm acgif;aqmifoufwrf; owfrSwfjcif;jzpfonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;ukd xrfrHa&G;cs,fjcif;r&SdyJ 2 ESpfumv owfrSwfxm;jcif;rsKd; xm;Ekdifygonf? tjcm;enf;vrf;rSm tzGJ@0if &mckdif;E_ef; rnfr#u jyefvnfa&G;cs,fay;&ef awmif;qkd Ekdifonf pojzifh xm;Ekdifygonf? okd@r[kwf rdrd. atmufajc tzGJ@pnf;i,frs z,f&Sm;cH&ygu a'o}uD;wckvHk; acgif;aqmif tjzpfrSyg z,f&Sm;&rnf pofnh pnf;urf;rsKd;xm;&SdEkdifygonf? 3? ±dk;&Sif;vG,fulr_ tu,fI vkdtyfygu aumfrwDrsm;zGJ@Ekdifonf? vkyfief;t& wm0efrsm;ay;tyfEkdif+yD; tu,fI wm0ef+yD;pD;ygu jyefzsufodrf;jcif;tm;jzihf ,if;uJhokd@ wm0efw&yfcsif;twGufvnf;aqmif&GufEkdifygonf? ‚ae&mwGif A[kdOD;pD;csKyfukdifr_ESifh 'Drkdua&pDonf t+rJ jy\em&Sdaernfjzpfygonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;wGif vkdtyfaomtm%mESifh tzGJ@tpnf;ukd ukd,fpm;ðycGifh/ vkyfykdifcGifh &Sd&rnfjzpfygonf? tjcm;wzufwGif atmufajcxkrS trsm;qHk;yg0ifr_ESifh xdef;csKyfr_jzpfygonf? tjcm;wzufwGif atmufajcxkrS trsm;qHk;yg0ifr_ESifh xdef;csKyfr_jzpfygonf? ‚wkd@ukd jy\emrsm;wkdufyGJ=um;rS jzwfoef;&if; tawG@t}uKHu oif=um;oGm;rnfjzpfayonf? tu,fI vlxkrS qHk;jzwfcsufESifh 'Drkdua&pDenf;emukd emcH&rnfjzpfayonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;

34

+yD; wOD; ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifygonf? tu,fI vlxkrS ykdwufºu/ ykdv_yf&Sm;ygu ykdI acgif;aqmifrsm;pGm xGufay:vmrnf jzpfygonf? tykdif; (3) pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;krsm; avhusifhay;jcif; tcef;(1) v_yf&Sm;jcif; - jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;enf; vlwa,muftzkd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;ynmukdoif=um;Ekdifaom enf;vrf;rSm ukd,fwkdifpnf;±Hk;a&;e,fy,fxJ qif;jcif; jzpfonf? tu,fI oifwef;om;pnf;§rª; wa,muftjzpf owfrSwfe,fy,fwckwGif vufawG@tajctaeESifh / vlxkjy\emrsm;ESifh xdyfwkuf&ifqkdifjcifjzihf avhusifhay;Ekdifonf? vlxkESifh twl vufawG@jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;jcif;tm;jzihf ol. t&nftaoG;ukd wdk;wufvmapEkdifonf? TuJhokd@ oifwef;ay;jcif;enf;ukd v_yf&Sm;jzif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; enf;[kac:onf? ol. vufawG@ tawG@t}uHK ukef=urf;rsm;onf oifcef;pm pwifjcif;yifjzpfonf? oifwef;q&mtzkd@ ae@pOf tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfapjcif; jzihf pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emESifh rlrsm;ukd vufawG@ odvmapekdifonf? tenf;qHk; wywfwcg oifwef;om;rsm; tm;vHk; rdrdwkd@ oifwef;q&mESifh awG@qHkum tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif; vkyfief;tqifhqifhukd tkyfpktvkduf tajccHum ðyvkyfEkdifonf? xkd@a=umifh oifwef;ay;jcif;rSm oifwef;om;rsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;ukd pmawG@ oif=um;ay;jcif; oufouf om r[kwfay? ‚tpm; oifwef;om;ukd,fwkdif rdrdt&nftcsif;/ rddrdA[kokwjzifh vufawG@pnf;±Hk;&mrs &vmaom tawG@t}uHKrsm;rS xif[yfI jyefoif=um;jcif;jzpfonf? ‚rSwqifh oHk;I rukefEkdifaom rukefcef;Ekdifaom A[kokwrsm; &&SdvmEkdifrnfjzpfonf? “v_yf&Sm;jcif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;” enf;rSm oif=um;pepfwckvkdyif b0wav#mufwmvHk; &Snf=umaom pmoifcef;twGif;rS vufawG@avhvmEkdif+yD; ‚rS t,ltqrsm;/ enf;pepfrsm;vnf; vGJra&Smifom awG@&Sdvm &rnfjzpfayonf? “v_yf&Sm;jcif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;” enf;onf rwlnDaom pnf;±Hk;jcif;ESifh a0zefykdif;jcm;aom pdwfjzifhodjcif; 2 &yfukd aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf? Tenf;pepfjzifh oifwef;om;pnf;§rª;a&m/ oifief;q&mxHwGif pkaqmif;xm;rdaom tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd xyfrH yGm;rsm;apjcif;jzpfvmonf? ‚rS wqifh oifwef;om;rsm;xHokd@vnf; xyfyGm;oGm;=ujyefonf? erlemt}uHay;jcif; tpnf;ta0;rsm; TonfrSm erlemtcsKd@jzpfygonf? 1? oifwef;om;rS owif;ykd@ygonf? Barrio Akdvfr_K;taejzihf vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;ukd ESdyfuGyfaeonf? ‚xifonfrSm ‚tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ‚. }uD;xGm;r_twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaponf[k xifonf? ‚u TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf “zdvpfykdif&JXme” ukd olv#Kdtvkyf ðyaeonf[k pGyfpGJonf? tzGJ@tpnf;wcku &HyHkaiG&SmazG&eftwGuf uyGJvkyf+yD; aiG&Smonf? aemuftoif;wcku uyGJvkyf&ef jyifqifonf? yxrtoif;ukd cGifhðycJhaomfvnf; 'kwd, toif;ukd cGifhrðyay? olu òr@awmfcef;rukd TuJhokd@ vlpka0;&ef r[kwf[k ta=umif;jyonf? oifwef;q&m ? ? bmvkyfzkd@}uH&G,fxm;ygovJ?

35(oifwef;om;) ? ? paeae@rSm Barrio Akdvf}uD;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifcsifygw,f?

pnf;§rª; q&m ? ? 'gqkd b,fvkdpPpOfrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? usaemf òr@awmfcef;ru vlawG&,f/ vlr_0efxrf;Xmeu vlawG&,f/ òr@awmf&JawGukd zdwfr,f? olwkd@[m cGifhðyekdifwJholawGu wcsKd@yJ/ q&m ? ? b,fvkdzdwfrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? vlxka&S•arSmufrSm Barrio Adkvfr_K;eJ@xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@qdk+yD; zdwfr,f? q&m ? ? bmtawGuf/ bm&vmr,fxifovJ/ pnf;§rª; ? ? olu òr@awmf cef;rrSm uyGJ rvkyf&bl;qkdwJhtcsuf u trSefw&m;ay:xGufvmatmifyJ? q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ rif;om 'DppfAkdvfae&mrSm qkd&if 'Dvkdae&mukd vmrvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? odyfrxifyg? q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ rif;u &JXme qkd&ifa&m/ vmrvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? vmygvdrfhr,f/ raocsmyg? q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ òr@awmfcef;ru vlawGa&m vmyghrvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? vmaumif;vmygvdrfhr,f? q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ vlawGtrsm;}uD;u =unfhzkd@apmifhae=u+yD;? xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rjzpfvmbl;qkd&ifa&m? ('DtawG@t}uHKrsKd;jzpfcJhbl;w,f? vlxku vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyfxm;w,f/ t&m&SdtcsKd@ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@zdwfw,f/ vmr,fajymw,f/ +yD;awmhay:rvm=ubl;)'Dawmh tckvkd t±_H;zufuae taygif;zufjzpfvmatmif b,fvkdajymif;rvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyf+yD; Barrio Adkvfr_K;ukd ±_H;cs=uygr,f? q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if &nf&G,fxm;wJh trSefw&m;az:xkwfzkd@ua&m jzpfEkdifyghrvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? usaemfxiwmuawmh wcsKd@w0ufawmh atmifjrifygvdrfhr,f? q&m ? ? rif;om tzGJ@tpnf;uqkd&if tzGJ@tpnf;ukd 'DvkdtpDtpOf xJhcGifhðyrvm;? vkyfoifhwmu uyGJvkyfyg? Barrio Adkvfr_K; u vm&yfckdif;cJh&if tJ'DrSm xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;vkyfyg? wu,fvkd@ rjzpfcJh&if 'kwd,t}udrfuyGJ xyfvkyfyg? yxr cGifh&wJhtoif;qdu cGifh ygrpfukd iSm;yg/ wu,fvkd@ olwkd@u &yfckdif;zkd@ r&Jbl;qkd&if atmifyGJ&r,f/ &HyHkaiG&r,f? wu,fvkd@ olu &yfckdif;vm&ifawmh/ xdyfwkduf &ifqkdifr_ vkyfEkdifw,f? 2? oifwef;om;u owif;ykdvm? ‚a'owGif jcifxlajymonf? ‚onf vlxkukd v_H@aqmf Ekdifavmufaomjy\emjzpfonf? q&m ? ? vlxkukd 'Djy\emeJ@ygwfouf+yD; v,fvkdv_H@aqmfrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? usr abmif;bDtpm; pufwxnf0wf+yD;awmhoGm;r,f? tJ'DtdrfwtdrfukdoGm;vnfwJhtcg jcifawGuusrukd ukdufvdrfhr,f? 'geJ@ “jcifawGrsm;vScsnfvm;” vkd@ usruajymr,f? 'geJ@ 'Dta=umif;ajymjzpf=ur,f? 'geJ@usruusef;rma&;XmeqDoGm;+yD; jcifjzef;aq; awmif;zkd@ wkdufwGef;r,f/ q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if bmjzpfvmrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? usr}uHpnf;xm;wJh twkif;vkyfr,f? yxrtdrfwtdrfoGm;vnfr,f? jcifawGu usrukd ukdufr,f? usrujcifawGukdufwmajymr,f? olru usrukd txifvJGr,f? olru awmif;yefr,f? “usrwkd@ a&rSefrSef rcsKd; =uvkd@yg” qkd+yD; olru jyefawmif;yefr,f? q&m ? ? +yD;awmh bmqufvkyfrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? tdrfu xGufvmr,f/ olwkd@u odyfatmufusaemufusEkdifwmyJ/ usrvJ bmqufvkyf&rSef; rodbl;? q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if rif;csOf;uyfyHkukd b,fvkdjyefajyif;rvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? aemufwae@/ tJ'Dtdrfukd jyefoGm;+yD; jcifa=umifh jzpfwJha&m*gawGta=umif;&Sifjyr,f? nrwkdifcifrSmawmh 'Da&m*gawGta=umif; zwfoGm;&r,f? q&m ? ? olwkd@u b,fvkdwHk@jyefrvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? [iftif;? em;axmif&HkoufoufygyJ?

36

q&m ? ? rif;zwfxm;wmu t*Fvdyfvkdjzpf+yD; tJ'DvdkawG;+yD; 'gukd bmomjyef+yD; rif;uajymjyw,f? vlxku em;vnfr_vGJwmu rif;ukd olwkd@ukd a0zefaew,fvkd@xifw,f? rif;&Sif;jywmawmh rSefw,f? 'gayr,fh enf;vrf;u odyfpdwful;,OfqefvGef;w,f? rif;udk,frif;jcifukdufcHr,fhtpm;/ oltar&J@ pdwf0ifpm;r_ukd ol@uav;awGtay:rSm ykd&Sdw,f/ 'gukdjy&r,f? uav;rSm jcifukduf xm;wmawGukd jyEkdifw,f/ +yD;awmh bmjzpfEkdifw,fqkdwm aqG;aEG;yg/ 'Denf;[m ykdeD;pyf ygvdrfhr,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;[m jy\emukd vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_toGifjzifh usef;rma&;Xme a&S•okd@ csDwufEkdifcJh=uonf? aemufwcg aqG;aEG;yGJwGif-- q&m ? ? vlxku b,fvkdwufºuvm=uovJ? tajctaeub,fvkdvJ? pnf;§rª; ? ? atmifjrifw,f/ usef;rma&;Xmeu pufqdawG xkwfay;vkdufw,f? q&m ? ? 'g[m jcifawGowfzkd@ toHk;0ifovm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? [iftif; ? 'gayrJh ,ifawGeJ@ avmufawGawmh aow,f? q&m ? ? rif;u jcifukdowfcsifwm/ 'gqkd&if rif;wkd@awmif;qkdcsuftjzpf[m 'gyJvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? 'gayr,fh/ vlxku bmrS rajym=uawmhbl;? wu,fvkd@ usru ajym&ifawmif 'g[m pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; awGeJ@ vGJae+yD/ usrwkd@u vlxkqDu vufOD;r_ &,l+yD; acgif;aqmiftjzpf vkyf=uzkd@yJ? q&m ? ? rvkdtyfygbl;/ olwkd@ukd rif;ar;Ekdiffom;yJ? “'g[m jcifawGtwGufaq;yJvm;” 'grS r[kwf rif; wa,mufcsif; 'Dvkdv_H@ aqmf Ekdifw,f? “'g[m jcifawGukd owfEkdifr,fvkd@ rif;xif=uovm;?” 3? vlxkrsm;u a&avmif;tdrfom&vkd=uonf/ xkd@a=umifh òr@awmfusef;rma&;Xmeukd oGm;+yD; tdrfom&&ef awmif;qkd=uonf? ukd,fpm;vS,fwzGJ@ukd PHHC (zdvpfykdiftdrf,mESifh tkd;tdrfpDrHudef;) okd@ apvGwf+yD; tdrfomrsm;aqmufvkyfcGifhay;&ef vloHk;tdrfomrsm; aqmufay;&ef awmif;qkd=uonf? q&m ? ? bma=umifh PHHC qDoGm;=uwmvJ? rif;wkd@ukd,fwkdif qufvkyf+yD; tdrfomaqmuf=uygvm;? pnf;§rª; ? ? wu,fvkd@ PHHC ucGifhray;&if usaemfwkd@ aqmuf+yD;wJhtcg armif;xkwfrSmaygh? q&m ? ? bmyJjzpfjzpf rif;wkd@ usef;rma&;Xmeu cGifhðycsuf&+yD;om;yJ/ PHHC uar;vm&if olwkd@ukd ajymjyaygh/ olwkd@ tcsif;csif;jiif;cHk;=u&if rif;wkd@u =unfhae±HkyJaygh? pnf;§rª; ? ? bma=umifh rvkdtyfyJ jy\emzefwD;&wmvJ? usaemfwkd@vkdcsifwmu vlxkukd wkdufyGJ0ifvmatmif vkyfwmyJ? q&m ? ? rif;vJ pdwfynmoifzl;w,fr[kwfvm;/ rif;vJ pdwfynmta=umif;odom;yJ/ pdwfa&m*guk q&m0efu tarukd cifvGef;wJhom;ukd bmvkyfovJodvm;/ ol@tarukd rkef;atmif vkyfay; &w,f? ol@tarukd pdwfqkd;vm;+yD; rrSDckdatmif vkyfay;&w,f tckvJ tvm;wlyJ? vlxkukd rSDckdae&mu aysmufatmif vkyfay;&wmyJ? oifwef;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf umv=umjrifvmonfESifh tr# olonf olxkpnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;ukd qkyfukdifvmrdonfjzpfonf? ol. t&nftaoG;rsm;vnf;zGH@òz;vmrnfjzpfonf? t"du vkdtyfcsufrSm “vlxk=um;vufawG@ e,fy,fwGif trSefwu,f aqmif&Gufr_” yifjzpfonf? q&mwa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjygygw,f? “usaemfu ar;ygw,f/ vlxktoif;tyif;rnfr#wnfaxmifzkd@ulnDay;EkdifcJhovJ/ vlxkrnfr#ukd v_H@aqmfEkdifcJhovJ/ 'DtzGJ@tpnf;awGu b,favmuf}uD;+yD; b,favmufnD!GwfygovJ/ vlxktodw&m;rSm b,favmuftiftm;aumif;vmcJh ovJ?” oifwef;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ atmifjrifr_qkdonfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;t&a&m / todw&m;zGH@òz;r_t&yg olrnfr#oif=um;wwfajrmufcJhonfukd wkdif;wmEkdifonf? tvmwlpGmyif vlxkuvnf; olukd jyefvnfwkdif;wmonfyif jzpfonf? q&mwOD;tzkd@ Ttcsufjzihf jyefvnfppfaq;Ekdifonf?

37

38

tjcm;wykdif;wGif q&mrS oifwef;om;wOD;rnfuJhokd@ tpD&ifcHpmvdrfwifonfukd jyefvnfppfaq;Ekdifonf? jyefvnfokH;oyfaomu¾wGif tao;pdwf ar;cGef;rsm;/ ta=umif;jycsufrsm;/ awmif;qkdcsufrsm; ar;jcif;tm;jzifhtpD&ifcHpm vdrfwifonf rnfokd@ usKd;a=umif;qufpyfonf/ rqDav#mfonfrsm; az:xkwfEkdifonf? ‚tjyif a'owcktajctaeESifh ‚ukd,fwkdif Ta'oukd u|rf;0ifr_ &Sd r&Sd ppfaq;Ekdifonf? t}uHaumif;rsm;ay;Ekdifonf? tykdif;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; oifwef;om;wOD; taejzifh jy\emwckukd a&G;xkwfazmfjyEkdifjcif; &Sdaumif;rS &Sdrnf? trSm;tcsKd@ukd ðyrdaumif;ðyrdygr,f/ TtawG@t}uHKrsm;rS oif=um;&if enf;y&d,m,fcsyHk/ oHk;oyfyHk/ pnf;±Hk;yHkrsm;ukd ukd,fawG@ wwfajrmufvmygvdrfhrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf. zGH@òz;wkd;wufr_wGif enf;pepfykdif;omru/ rSefuefaom t,l tqyg yg0ifayonf? ar;cGef;wck&SdonfrSm ol. pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rSm vlxk vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf A[kcsufr jzpfygovm;? Tjy\emwGif ynm&SifwOD;ESifh vlxkukd tm%m&atmif pnf;±kH;aeaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ uGmjcm;aumif; uGmjcm;ygvdrfhrnf? wv/ 2 v cef@vufawG@ vkyfaqmifr_+yD;aomtcg ykdrkdav;eufaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ukd ðyoifh ygonf? Ttpnf;ta0;rSm oifwef;q&mukd ykdrkdtawG@t}uKH&ap±Hkr#ru oifwef;om;tzkd@ tawG@t}uHKtm;vHk;ukd oifcef;pmxkwfEkdif+yD;/ ‚wdk@ukd yHkaoenf; t,ltqw&yf tjzpfaz:zkwfEkdifonf? xkdrS tqifh oifcef;pm/ aqG;aEG;jcif;/ oHk;oyfjcif; tm;jzifh pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;ukd ykdrkdwkd;wufapjyefonf? xkdtcsdefwGif zwfp&mpmtkyfrsm;ukdyg ay;Ekdifonf? tcsdefwGif oifwef;om;wOD;tzkd@ pmawG@ukd vufawG@ESifh pyf[yf&ef tajctae&Sd+yDjzpfonf? ‚rS wqifh ykdav;eufaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tm;jzihf vlxkukd tm%mtwGuf pnf;±Hk;&jcif;. tESpfom& oabmw&m;/ bma=umifhjzpfysufae oenf; zdESdyfr_rsm;ukd o±kyfcGJjcif;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;. abmxm; pojzihf wpHkvHk;ukdyg em;vnfapEkdifonf? tywfpOfESifh ‚uJhokd@ jyefvnfoHk;oyfaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;onf aqG;aEG;jcif;jyefvnf oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;ukd tajcðyjcif;tm;jzihf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,mufukd zGH@òzl;apjcif;jzpfonf? tu,fI pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf urBm}uD;. vGwfajrmufa&;ukd }udK;yrf;&if ol. vGwfajrmufa&;ukdyg wnfaqmufaeonfukd awG@&ayrnf? tu,fI ol. b0vGwfajrmufa&;ukd w0ufwysufr#om oabmaygufygu vufawG@ urBm}uD;ukd ajymif;vJ&ef }udK;pm;&if; olukd,fwkdifajymif;vJaeonfukd awG@&Sd&ayrnf? aus;vufpnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf tcsuftvuftcsKd@ Tpmtkyfonf òr@jypnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf t"du &nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ okd@aomf tcsKd@ Oyrmay;csufrsm;ukd aus;vufwGifvnf; oHk;Ekdifygonf? okd@aomf a,bl,stm;jzifh òr@jya&m aus;vufrSmyg tajccHr_/ enf;emrsm;ukd oHk;Ekdifygonf? atmufyg xl;uJaom tcsuftvufrsm;ukd txl;owdðy&ef vkdtyfygvdrfhrnf? 1? aus;vufa'owGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;onf aES;auG;pGm zGH@òz;wwf=uonf? a'otuGmta0;a=umifh qufoG,frdjcif; wOD;csif;wOD;csif; aqG;aEG;jcif;/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;wkd@rSm tcsdefykd,l=u&onf? tpkd;&Xmersm;ukd oydwfarSmuf qENjyjcif; vkyfief;rsm;rSm vkyfcJonf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf a'otuGmta0;/ tcsdef/ aiGa=u;jy\emrsm;a=umifh jzpfonf? jy\emw&yfukd az:xkwfzkd@ESifh ajz&Sif;&ef umv=umjrifhpGm tcsdef,l&wwfonf? 2? aus;vufvlxkrSm tm%mykdifrsm;ukd a&S;±dk;pOfvmt& ykdav;pm;wwf=uonf? xkd@a=umifh enf;y&d,m,frsm;tzkd@ “±dkaoukdif;±d_if;r_” enf;vmap&ef vkyf&efvkdonf? xkd@a=umifh a'ot}uD;tuJrsm;ukd ±dkaoukdif;±d_if;r_&Sd=u+yD; ‚wkd@ v_H@aqmf&ef vnf; cufcJvSonf? 3? olwkd@nD!Gwfjcif;tm;jzifh v_yf&Sm;jcif;tm;jzifh olwkd@tusKd;pD;yGm;ykd&&SdEkdif=urnfjzpfonf? 4? aus;vufa'owGif pnf;±Hk;&efrSm &moDtvkduf a&G;&ygonf? pkdufysKd;aomtcsdef/ v,fvkyfief;tcsdefrsm;wGif pnf;±Hk;&ef rjzpfEkdifyg? xkdpkdufysKd;csdefrsm;rSmvnf; wESpf+yD wESpf vSnfhywfaejyef&m aocsmvkyfief;pOf csrSwf+yD; (3) ESpf (4) ESpf owfrSwfum aocsmpGm wckukd a&G;cs,fI a&&Snfvkyfaom enf;ukd a&G;cs,f=u&ygonf? ‚jy\em}uD;ukd jy\em tao; av;rsm; tjzpf cGJjcm;um wESpfukdwck ajz&Sif;apckdif;jcif;rsKd;/ xkda&&Snfumv+yD;cgrS jy\em wck +yD;oGm;onfrsKd; aqmif&Gufapoifhygonf? tcsKd@,lq=uonfrSm aus;vufwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;zGH@òz;&ef aES;auG;aoma=umifh pnf;±kH;a&;vufawG@oifwef; ay;jcif;rsm;tzkd@ òr@jyrsm;wGif ykdtcGifhomonf[k ,lq+yD; òr@jyrsm;wGifom aqmif&Gufavh&Sd=uygof?