Community Ophthalmology 2

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Community ophthalmology

Synonyms= Public health ophthalmology

= Preventive eye care

= Preventive Ophthalmology


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The Aim : To provide the

Ophthalmologic services to a wholegroup or sub group of people whichbenefit the largest number ofpeople in the community ataffordable cost in identifying andpreventing sight threatening ocularconditions


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This is a new field

!ew concept for many countries yet"ifficult to get it moving

#uture doctor has a great

responsibility in developing this field


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Curative ophthalmology

$emain at the center of all activities

%ommunity Ophthalmology does notdilute its importance

#ocus is only changed from individual

to community


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What are the ma&or differences in curative

' preventive medicine (

Goals

Target

Diagnosis

Therapy

Results

Treatment & cure

Single patient

Physical

examination.

Drugs / Surgery

Limited toindividuals

Prevention o disease

Population/community

!ealth survey"Community Diagnosis#

!ealth education

improved sanitation$!ygiene$ %mmuniation

etc

Prevention o disease

%mprovement o 'uality

o lie in community

Curative Preventive


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Public health

principles

Applied to

ophthalmology

Activities in community

Prevent )lindness $educe the disability

caused by poor vision

*ain Aims of

%ommunity

Ophthalmology

Summary of Activities


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Therefore community ophthalmology can

be e+plained as a discipline where

,The traditional care applied to anindividual patient is diverted to a

population with a prominence placed on

preventive aspects-


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(ho is a community eye

specialist

)phthalmologist

With .nowledge on%ommunity

organi/ation0 need0structure0'

epidemiological

principals0 bio1statistics0

managerial andcommunication s2ills

Community

physician

With basic clinicalAspects of

Ophthalmology

$ole depend on the

local needs

of a country


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*a+or duties

34 "esigning and planning of fact finding

surveys

54 Planning primary eye care programs

1 Screening

1 Health education1 Training

1 Promoting community participation


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*a+or duties

64 Organi/ing community screening0

preventive ' curative programmes

1 7ye camps

1 Surgical camps

84 $esearch in to eye diseases

94 %o1ordination of activities and promoting to

implement policies for prevention purposes


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(!) activity on prevention o

,lindness "P-L#

P) Programme was established in 3;


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ctivity

Primary prevention

>n the community

through PrimaryHealth %are?PH%4

Secondary

prevention

>dentify and treat in

the community

Primary health care

wor2ers

@olunteers?Trained4

PHWor2ers

eneral physicians%ommunity

Ophthalmologist

Person


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>dentify and refer

for Treatment

"iagnose and

treatment or

"iagnose and

refer

eneral physicians

eneral physicians

Ophthalmologist

ctivity Person


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Concept involved in these

programmes

34 $egular screening for early diagnosis

54 Timely intervention 1$eferrals

64 >mprovement of basic personal needsand hygiene


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programmes

84 Provision of safe water B good

nutrition

94 Health education


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programmes


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-y organiing

7ye clinics

*obile eye services

Primary eye care programmes)lindness prevention activities

>nfra1structure developments

*an power improvement

%hanging policies

%ommunity Ophthalmology


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Delivery o eye care model

%ommunity

ophthalmology center

arge hospitals

!ational teaching

hospitals

Primary eye care

Secondary eye

care

Tertiary eye care


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(hat is a mo,ile eye unit 0

Some %ommunity ophthalmology centers

have mobile eye units

Team :1 Ophthalmic medical au+iliary

Assistant

@ehicle driver


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et us identify the eight essentialcomponents of primary health

care?PH%4

34 7ducation concerning main healthproblems

54 Promotion of food supply and goodnutrition


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Primary health care

components64 AdeDuate supply of safe water and

basic sanitation

84 *aternal ' %hild Health ' #amilyplanning

94 >mmuni/ation against ma&or infectiousdiseases


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Primary health care

E4 Prevention and control of local

endemic diseases


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following eye conditions are

>ntegrated in to primary health care

%ataract

Trachoma

7ye in&uries

%orneal ulcers

laucoma

Ophthalmic neonatorum

7ye infections

Pterigium

$efractive errors

%onditions with @A F 6BEG


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WHO uidelines for primary

eye care3 %onditions to be recogni/ed and treated by

a trained primary eye care wor2er

%on&unctivitis and lid infections

1 Acute con&unctivitis

1 Ophthalmia neonatorum

1 Trachoma

1 Allergic ' >rritative con&unctivitis

1 id lesions C chala/ion


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Trauma1 Sub con&unctival hemorrhages

1 Superficial #)

1 )lunt trauma

)linding *alnutrition


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5 %onditions to be recogni/ed andreferred after treatment has been

initiated

%orneal ulcers

acerating or perforating in&uries of theeye ball

id lacerations

7ntropion B Trichiasis )urns 1 %hemical

1 Thermal


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6 %onditions that should be recogni/edand referred for treatment

Painful red eye with visual loss

%ataract

Ptergium

@isual loss F EB3 in either eye


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>ntegration of P7% in to PH%

P7% should not be planned

separately from PH% which is

considered the mother system that

carry the goals of P7% to the

community by integration

Documents

Community Ophthalmology 2