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MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow
Community Microgrids:The Path to Resilience & Sustainability
Greg ThomsonDirector, Community Microgrid InitiativeClean Coalition415-845-3872 [email protected]
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 2
Community Microgrids: The Path to Resiliency
Greg Thomson
Powerflow modeling;DERoptimization• PG&E• PSEG• SCE
Procurementandinterconnection• LADWP,FortCollins,
PSEG• CityofPaloAlto(FIT
andsolarcanopyRFP)
• RAM,ReMAT• Rule21&FERC
Designandimplementation• SanFrancisco,CA• LongIsland,NY• U.S.VirginIslands
Analysis&PlanningProgramDesign
CommunityMicrogridProjectsGridModeling&
Optimization
FullcostandvalueaccountingforDER;sitinganalysis• PG&E• PSEG• SCE
Greg ThomsonDirector, Community Microgrid Initiative415-845-3872 mobile [email protected]
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 3
Introduction: Energy is critical infrastructure
• Thisarchitectureiscostly,aging,inefficient, andahighlyvulnerablesecurityrisk
• Extremeweathereventsareoccurringmorefrequently,furtherdemonstratingthevulnerability andhighcost
• Cyberattacksareagrowingrisk,and anattackonacentralizedsystemcan affectmillions
• Toaccomplishboth localandnationalsecurity,wemustmovemorequicklytoanewsolution
Energyiscriticalinfrastructure.
Andyet,ourlegacy,centralizedenergyarchitecturecarriesmultiplecritical risks.
CommunityMicrogrids:Cleaner,MoreReliable&Resilient,MoreAffordable
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 4
1. LowerCosts:Byoptimizinglocalcleanenergy,energystorage,andotherDER,thecostofelectricityisreducedbyeliminatingexpensivepeakperiodsandallassociatedcosts
2. CleanerEnergy:Highpenetrationsoflocalcleanenergynotonlyreplacesfossilfuels,italsoprovidescleanenergyforlocaltransportation– andatlowerdeliverycosts
3. Resilience&Security:Deliveringongoing,cleanpowertocritical&priorityloadsincommunities,whileabletowithstandmultipledisasterscenarios
4. A Replicable Solution:Coveringanentiresubstationarea,thissolutioncanbedeployedinanycommunityaroundtheworld–andalsoincreaseslocaleconomicinvestment
Why Community Microgrids?
ACommunityMicrogriddeliversfourcombinedbenefitstocommunities.
Thesebenefitsarenotprovidedbytoday’scentralizedenergysystem.
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 5
Source:OncorElectricDeliveryCompany
Traditional Microgrids focus on single customers
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 6
Community Microgrids serve thousands of customers
Source:OncorElectricDeliveryCompany
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 7
1. Flattens andlowersload shapes acrossentirecommunityareas,therebyreducingsystem-widepeaksandthusthemostcostlyenergyandgridinfrastructure
2. Managesvariability/volatilitylocally,ratherthanexportingvolatilityasanaggregatedissueuptothecentralizedsystem
3. Providesenergyresiliency&securitytocitiesandcommunitiesviapowergenerated,delivered,andconsumedlocally
Community Microgrids feature “Local Balancing”
Thedistribution&transmissiongridsbecomeequalpartnersingridoperationsandefficiencies.
LocalBalancinggivesusamoreefficientwaytooperatethegrid
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 8
Local Balancing offers multiple economic benefits
1. CostReductionsDuetoPeakManagement:Protectionagainstthehighcostofpeakenergy
2. CostReductionsDuetoDemandCharges:Protectionagainstadditionalfeeschargedbyutilitiesforpeaks
3. CostReductionsDuetoRateManagement:Protectionagainstfutureratechanges,e.g.eveningramp
4. CostReductionsDuetoInvestmentDeferrals:Deferralofsubstantialcostsforcentralizedinfrastructure
5. CostCertainty:Keepingratesandcostsconstantforconsumersaswellasgridoperators.
6. IncreasedEconomicInvestmentinCommunities
ThesixeconomicbenefitsofLocalBalancingviaCommunityMicrogrids
TheseCostIssuesAreCausedbyOurMostlyCentralizedSystem
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 10
Community Microgrid design steps
Step1– Goals
1. SaveratepayersmoneybydeferringsubstantialinvestmentsincentralizedinfrastructurethroughLocalBalancing– localcleanenergyatoptimallocations,energystorageforpeakreductionandgenerationfirming,andloadshifting&shaping
2. Improvegridreliability,resilience,andsecuritybyutilizinglocalcleanenergyandenergystoragetoprovideongoingbackuppowertocriticalandprioritizedloadsinthearea
3. Modernizegridoperationstosupportandautomatetheabove,helpingenableutilitiestotakeamuch-neededstepforward
4. Featureenergyefficiencyandhomeimprovements/ZNE,askeyadditionalcost,health,andenergyperformanceimprovements
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 11
Step2:BaselineGridAnalysisDeterminetheabilityofthegridtoaccommodatenewDER:Inventoryoftheexistinggridincludingloadprofiles,voltageregulation,feederandtransformercapacities,and
existinggeneration
Community Microgrid design steps
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 12
Step3:LocalCleanEnergySurveyComprehensiveassessmentofthelocalcleanenergygenerationpotentialinthetarget
area,specifictolocalresourcesandsitecharacteristics
Community Microgrid design steps
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 13
OptimalDER
Portfolio
Optimalfeederlocations
Locallyconnectedfeeders
Localloadshapesand
forecasts
Localavoidedgrid
upgrades
LocalMarketValue–e.g.Rates
Helpsachievelocalbalance
UnlocksoptimalcustomersandDER
Alsoextendsto
system-wide
avoidedcosts
Morereliable,
cost-predictable,
cleaner
DerivedIncombinationwiththeotheroptimizations
Step4:DEROptimizationTheDERWheelofFortune!Unlockingoptimalandmostcost-effectiveDERportfolios.
Community Microgrid design steps
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 14
DER Optimization: advanced inverters
1. 6AM:• NoPVimpact
2. Noon:• 20MWPVcauses
overvoltage
3. Noon:• 20MWPV with
advancedinverterssetat0.9power factorstabilizesvoltage
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 15
DER Optimization: Commercial & Industrial (C&I)
1. MostGeneration:Largerroof&parkingspacesgeneratemoreenergy
2. LowestSystemCosts:LargerPVsystemsreduceoverallcosts
3. BestGridLocations:Largeloadsservedbyrobustfeedersegments
4. MatchingLoadProfiles:Largerdaytimeloadsmatchsolargeneration
5. FinanciallyMotivated:Largerbillsincludingdemandcharges,plusroofandparkingleaseopportunities
C&IcustomersaretypicallythelargestelectricityusersandemittersofGHG.
Guesswhat?Theyalsomatchwellwithsolar.
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 16
Energy
CostParity:Solarvs.NG,LCOE$260M:Spentlocallyvs.remote$80M:Avoidedtransmissioncosts$30M:Avoidedpowerinterruptions
Economic
$200M:Newregionalimpact$100M:Addedlocalwages1,700Job-Years:Newnear-termandongoingemployment$10M:Siteleasingincome
Environmental
78Mlbs.:AnnualreductionsinGHGemissions15MGallons:Annualwatersavings375:Acresoflandpreserved
Example:180Napolean St.• PVSq.Ft=47,600• Systemsize=714kW
Example:1485BayShore• PVSq.Ft=37,800• Systemsize=567kW
Example:50avg.rooftops• Avg.PVSq.Ft=343• Avg.systemsize=5kW
Commercial:18MW ParkingLots:2MW Residential&MDU:10MW
Community Microgrid design steps
Step5:BenefitsAnalysisHuntersPointExample– 50MWPVover20yrs.
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 17
Step6:DeploymentPlanFinalsystemdesignandoperationalplanfortheCommunityMicrogrid.Includessizingfor
energystoragebasedonlocalgeneration,overallloads,andcriticalloadrequirements.AlsoincludestargetedEE,loadshifting,EVcharging,etc.Featuresfinancialmodeland
streamlined/bulkdeploymentplan.
Community Microgrid design steps
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 18
Examples: New York – inefficiencies
NewYorkStateusespeakpoweronly100hourseachyear.Thiscostsratepayers$1.7billion– toserveless
than1%ofthesystem’sneeds.
• Thebulkpowersystem,designedtomeetapeakdemand75percenthigherthanmostofAmerica,isunderutilizedmostoftheday
• NewYorkershavebeenpayingsomeofthehighestelectricalbillsinthenation,sothattheirairconditionerscanhavepowerduringthehottestsummerdays
• NewYork’santiquated infrastructure wasintroublelongbeforehurricaneSandy
• HurricaneSandyrevealedthevulnerabilities ofthelow-lyingAtlanticstate’sgrid
Source:RenewableEnergyWorld.com,June2015
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 19
Examples: NY – new initiative
OnJan2,2018,NewYorkGov.AndrewCuomoannouncedthatthestateislaunchingan
initiativetodeploy1,500MWofenergystorageby2025.
• Stateenergyagenciesandauthoritieswillgenerateapipelineofstorageprojects
• NYGreenBanktocommitatleast$200millionforstorage-relatedinvestments
• TheNewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthoritywillinvestatleast$60Minstoragepilots
• Includesutilityprocurements, changesinutilityratesandwholesaleenergymarkets, andstorageforlargescalerenewable procurements
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 20
Examples: NY – project
TheMarcusGarveyaffordablehousingcomplexinBrooklyn,NYusesasolar+storage microgridsystemtocutcosts,improvegridreliability,and
provideresilientbackuppowerfortenants
• LeveragestheBrooklynQueensDemandManagementprogram,acommission-approved$200Mfundthathelpsdeferasubstationupgradeestimatedatcostingapproximately$1.2B
• Alsoprovidesaframeworkforfuture,market-based,“nonwiresalternatives”suchasmicrogrids
Source:https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/marcus-garvey-apartments/
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 21
Examples: NY – financing
Source:https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/marcus-garvey-apartments/
The MarcusGarveyprojectisfinancedbytheNewYorkCityEnergyEfficiencyCorporation (NYCEEC),anon-profit,specialtyfinance
companyforcleanenergy
• Developsfinancingsolutionstoenableprojectsthatsaveenergyorreducegreenhousegases
• Theircustom-tailoredsolutionsclose financinggapsforbuildingsandcleanenergyprojectdevelopers
• OriginallyfocusedonlyonthestateofNY,theorganizationisnowlookingtofinanceprojectsupanddowntheEastCost– fromMarylandtoMaine
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 22
Examples: NY – template
Source:https://www.cleanegroup.org/ceg-projects/resilient-power-project/featured-installations/marcus-garvey-apartments/
NYCEEC’ssuccessfulfinancingatMarcusGarveyservesasatemplate
• Payoffisinapproximately10.5years,basedonthethreerevenuestreams:BQDMincentives,PeakShaving,andDemandResponse
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 23
Examples: Long Island Community Microgrid Project
“NYPrize”CommunityMicrogridgrantaward
• CollaborationwithPSEGLongIsland,LongIslandPowerAuthority(LIPA),andNYSERDAcoveringasubstationinEastHampton,NYthatservesthousandsofcustomers
• Combines15MWoflocalsolar(viaFeed-InTariff)witha5MW/25MWh batterysystemandtargetedloadmanagement
• Reachesalmost50%oftotalannualenergyfromlocalrenewables.Minimizestheuseofexistingfossilgeneratorsincludinglocaldieselpeakers anddieselbackupgenerators.
• Providesongoingpowerbackuptomultiplecriticalfacilitiesaswellasotherpriorityloadsacrossthearea
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 24
Examples: Long Island Community Microgrid Project
LICMPEconomicAnalysishighlights
• TheLICMPwouldavoid$29-38MillionofnewtransmissioncapacityresultinginanetcostbenefitforallPSEG-LIutilityratepayers.
• ThelocalgenerationcapacityprovidedbytheLICMPPVandstoragefacilitieswillalsoreduceNYISOcapacitychargesby$6Millionthrough2022,andatarateexceeding$1Millionannuallythereafter.
• Inaddition,theenergystoragewillallowtheutilitytoshiftwholesalepowerpurchasesfromdailypeakpricingperiodstooffpeakperiods,realizingnetsavingsinenergypurchasesof$2.5Millionby2022andmorethan$500,000annuallythereafter.
• ThesesavingswouldbereflectedinlowerelectricratesforallPSEG-LIutilitycustomers.
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 25
Long Island Community Microgrid Configuration
EHGTSubstation
ES
Tier2Loads
S
Tier2Loads
Tier3Loads
Tier3Loads
9EU-4N7(Bank4)
Transm
ission
9EU-4N8(Bank4)
Diesel
Solar
Tier1:OVPumpStation
ES
F
Diesel
SolarSolar
U
MC2 ControlLevelFacility,autonomouscapableSubstation,autonomouscapableUtilityIndependentSystemOperators
F
ISO
SU
ISOOtherDiagramElements
AutonomouslyControllableMicrogridRelay/Switch(open,closed)Meter
Tier1:SpringsFireStation
ES
F
Diesel
SolarSolar
Tier1:BHPumpStation
ES
F
Diesel
SolarSolar
Solar
Solar
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 27
Examples: Massachusetts
Similarly,Massachusettshasannouncedanewmodelforcommunity-scaleenergysystemscalledSMART(Solar
MassachusettsRenewableTarget).
• FullycompensatessolarPVforthetotaloutputofasystemratherthanrelyingonnetmetering,whichonlyaccountsfornetbillsavings
• Thus,alargewarehouserooforshoppingcenterparkinglotcanbefullycompensatedforallthesolargeneratedonthatsite,regardlessoftheamountofelectricityusedonsite
• AsanexamplespecifictotheCommercial&Industrialsector,250kW– 1,000kWsolarsystemswouldreceiveanincentives of$0.16- $0.18/kWhoveratermof20years.
• ThismethodiscommonlyreferredtoasaFeed-In-Tariff – orCLEAN program– andhasbeendeployedsuccessfullyinotherlocationssuchasGermanytodeploymorelocalcleanenergysystems.
Source:http://www.qatargreenleaders.com/news/sustainability-news/1668-unlocking-the-distributed-grid-with-flexibility-management-software
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 28
Examples: Vermont
VermontutilityGreenMountainPowernowpayscustomersalittleover$30permonthtoutilizetheirbatterysystemsasaload-offsettingcapacityresource.
• Makesinvestmentsinbattery-basedbackupsystemsmoreattractiveforcustomers.
• ForGreenMountainPower,accesstothebatterieshelpsaddressthesteeptransmissionaccesschargeassessedbyISONewEngland.Thatchargemorethandoubledfrom$3perkilowattpermonthin2016toover$7in2017.Thechargeisexpectedtoincreasetoover$9in2018.
• And,asmoresolarisinstalledonthedistributiongrid,accesstothatlocalsolarattimeswhenelectricityfromtransmissionisthemostexpensiveisagridbenefitthatcansaveautilitymoney.
Source:http://www.qatargreenleaders.com/news/sustainability-news/1668-unlocking-the-distributed-grid-with-flexibility-management-software
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 29
Examples: Connecticut
Anewgroupofmicrogrids hasbeenproposedtohelpsupportConnecticut’scriticalfacilitiesintheevent
of emergencies
• Fundingopportunitiesunderthestate’sDepartmentofEnergyandEnvironmentalProtection(DEEP)microgridprogram
• Newfocusonthegrowingmovement toprovideresilientpower toessentialbuildingsduringemergencysituations
• IncludesaproposalforWestbrook,CTmiddleschoolandhighschools,whichhaverecentlybeendesignatedasemergency/evacuationshelterandsupportareas
• AnotherproposalforCoventry,CTwouldislandacircuitloopforninecriticalfacilitiesinthetown,includingschools,acommunicationtower,andaseniorcarecenter
Source:http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2018/01/this-is-what-microgrids-for-resilience-in-emergencies-look-like.html
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 30
Examples: Minnesota
LargestCommunitySolarprograminthecountry;helpingdoublethesolargenerationacrossthestate.
• Morethandoubledthecommunitysolar capacityin2017,nowto211megawattsinoperationtoday,demonstratingtheawarenessandacceleratingsuccess
• Providesmonthlybillcreditstothosewhosubscribe.Anycustomercanparticipate.
• Beginningtoofferpredictabilityand transparencyduetoamatureprocessandtheexperienceandhardworkfromallstakeholders
• TheneedforgridtransparencyhasbeenheardbythecommissionandXcelEnergy,theutility.Themosteffectiveprogramstrideshavebeenmadeinaccesstointerconnectioninformation.
source: https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/xcel-energy-community-solar-program-turns-three#gs.rPWCafg
IsCommunityStoragenext?Yes– CommunityMicrogrids…
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 31
Examples: Minnesota
ThisprogramhasbeentransformativetotheMinnesotaenergymarket.
• Startingpointforamajoroverhaulofthestateinterconnectionstandards
• Broughtaboutcityandcountysolarordinancesandpermitting advancements,therebyreducingcosts
• Encouragedcustomerstothinkabouttheirenergymixandaskforbetteroptionsfromtheirutilities
• Givingcustomerstheoptionofsubscribingtoclean,localenergyhasbeenincrediblypopular– withindividualsandorganizations
• Onepilotprojectwillpairenergy-efficiencyimprovementswith communitysolar,andthereisnowapushforthismodeltobeexpanded acrossXcel’sserviceterritory
source: https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/xcel-energy-community-solar-program-turns-three#gs.rPWCafg
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 32
Examples: California
Settingaprecedent:CommunityMicrogrids eliminategaspeakers
• ThanksinparttoCleanCoalitioncostanalysis,theCaliforniaPublicUtilityCommissionisnowrejectingnewpeaker plants,suchasPuenteinOxnard,CA,infavorofsolar+storage
• Aspartofthissubstantialchange,inJan2018theCPUCalsoannouncedthatPG&Ewillberequiredtouserenewablesandstorageinsteadofgas-firedplantsrunbyCalpine
• Thisappearstobe“thefirsttimeautilitywillprocureenergystoragetoreplaceexistinggasplantsforlocalcapacityneeds.”
• Leveragingthisimportantanalysiscanpreventfuturenewgasplantsacrossthecountry
Source:https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/pge-must-solicit-energy-storage-ders-to-replace-three-existing-gas-plants?utm_source=Daily&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=GTMDaily#gs.biWkmDY
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 33
Homes & buildings are grid partners
Well-designedandwell-situatedZNEhomesareavaluablepartoftheDERresourcemixincombinationwithlargerPVarraysoncommercial&industrialstructures
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 34
Homes & buildings are grid partnersResidentialPVarraysinacommunitymicrogridcanbesizedforoptimumcontributionandfaircompensationtoownersregardlessoftheirsite-specificdemandthroughaCCA+PPAapproach
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 35
Moving Forward: Puerto Rico
PuertoRicoRe-buildHighlights– the“BuildBackBetter”Plan
PuertoRicoisauniqueopportunitytorebuildandupdatethepowersystemto21stcenturytechnologiesandbestpractices,enablingtherethinkingofhowpowerisgeneratedand
distributed.
• HurricanesMariaandIrmadecimatedT&Dlinesacrosstheislandandcausedwidespreadwindandfloodingdamagetosubstations,generation,anddistributionfacilities
• DamagefromthehurricanesresultedinthelongestdurationpoweroutageinUShistory
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 36
Moving Forward: Puerto Rico
PuertoRicoRe-buildHighlights– the“BuildBackBetter”Plan
• Team:Featuresmajorgridandenergyexpertsincluding:NYPowerAuthority,ConEd,EdisonInternational,EPRI,PSE&GLongIsland,DOE,SEPA,PuertoRicoElectricPowerAuthority,NavigantConsulting,NREL,PNNL,GridModernizationLabConsortium
• Goal:ImplementresiliencyandhardeningmeasuresthataredesignedtoincreasethecapabilityofPuertoRico’selectricpowergridtowithstandfuturestorms
• Recommendation:usemoderngridtechnologiesandcontrolsystems,renewableenergyresources,andnewtechnologiessuchasenergystorageandmicrogrids toenableenergytobecomeabundant,affordable,resilient,andsustainable.EnsurescontinuityofservicewhileloweringPREPA’sdependenceonlargecentralgeneratingstations.
This modern power system design will set a model for the industry while promoting private investments in the use of clean energy for a low carbon future
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 37
Moving Forward: Sonoma Initiative
CoffeyParkareaofSantaRosa– beforeandafterfires
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 38
Moving Forward: Sonoma Initiative
PG&EFeederMap– CoffeyParkandadjacentC&Iarea– idealforCommunityMicrogrid
Fire-damagedarea
MakingCleanLocalEnergyAccessibleNow 39
Sonoma Community Microgrid Initiative
Objective:makeenergyabundant,affordable,resilient,andsustainable
1)Re-buildfire-destroyedareaswithhighlevelsofresilienceandsustainability inboththebuildingstockandthegrid,enablingamodern,distributed,andcarbonfreesystemthatdeliverssubstantialeconomic,environmental,andresiliencebenefits.
2)Establishablueprintforre-buildingdisaster-destroyedareasinatimelyandcost-effectivemannerthatalsomaximizestheeconomicandresiliencevalueofenergyasacriticalresourcetoratepayers,propertyowners,andmunicipalities.
3)Provideamodelforoperatingamoderndistributiongridcoveringanentiresubstationareathatincorporatesoptimaldistributedenergyresources,cost-effectivelocalbalancing,fullinteractionwiththetransmissionsystem,andlocalenergymarkets– withresultingbenefitsacrossbothgridoperationsandeconomics.
4)Ensurethatbuildingcodesareadvancedtoachievemoreresilient,safer,andcleanerbuildingstockandcommunities.