Community Led

Watershed Management

And

Water Conservation Campaign

In Madhya Pradesh - India

Water Crises In M.P - India : Fact File ….

• Geographical Area - 308,000 Sq. kms

• Total Population - 60 million

• Total Rural population - 44 million

• Around 19 % area is wasteland

• Predominance of rainfed agriculture

• Agricultural production affected by perpetual drought

• Ground water exploited excessively

• Agriculture based Economy

Mission For Watershed

Management

Partcipatory Watershed

Management

Programme Under

Centrally Sponsored

DPAP, EAS, IWDP

Jal Abhishek Campaign

Community Led

Campaign For Water

Conservation

Response By

Government Of Madhya Pradesh

Mission Mode For Inter-Sectoral And Collective Action

Multifaceted Institutional Arrangements at Different Level

Participatory Planning, Implementation And Maintenance

Harnessing All Available Techno-scientific Resources

Preference To Local Low Cost Methods And Materials Based On

Indigenous Technical Know-how

Regular Quality Monitoring and evaluation

Social Audit

Due Consideration For Aspirations Of Resource Poor By Ensuring

Sharing Of CPR

KEY F

EA

TU

RES O

F

GO

OD

PR

AC

TIC

ES

Mission Mode For Inter-Sectoral And Collective Action

....

• Registered as society under the aegis Panchayat

& Rural Development Department

• General Body chaired by HCM

• Executive Committee chaired by Chief Secretary

• GB and EC has representation of various line

departments to ensure inter-sectoral and

collective action

• Full time Director for mission

• Dedicated and full time team of professionals at

state level

Multifaceted Institutional Arrangements at Different

Level ....

• District Level Technical Committee chaired by

Collector

• District Watershed Cell

• NGOs and Corporate Sector as PIA

• Full time Watershed Development Teams have

been appointed by appointing various subject

matter specialist on contract through open

competition

• Community workers like jal mitra, samooh mitra

etc. have been appointed on contract at village

level

Perspective plan for watershed development projects

.....

• To select and treat an area on priority basis

• Prioritisation of watersheds has been done by

SLUSI

• Preparation of Drainage map

• Delineation of Micro-watersheds (500-1000 ha)

• Codification of micro-watersheds

• Prioritisation of microwatersheds based on

sediment yield index and landuse/land cover

Participatory Planning, Implementation And

Maintenance ....

• Premised on the philosophy of logical frame work analysis

• PRA and net planning

• Water budgeting Setting up long term vision/goal for watershed projects

• Defining the socio-economic & physical objectives/outcomes to be attained

• Assessment of the impact against set objectives & outcomes

• Village watershed committee provide assistance to Gram Panchayat. This committee has representation of UGs and SHGs

• WPF and WDF accounts are jointly operated by Village watershed committee and Gram Panchayat

• Wage Ppayment through Bank A/C

• Provision of convergence

• Provision of MoU for maintenance of assets and distribution of benefits between VWC, GP and UG

Quick Social Assessment Of The Work Through Visual Stock Taking By The Community

Validation Of The Previous Work

Identification Of The Gaps

Reworking The Plan And Future Action Accordingly

Monitoring and evaluation ....

Social Audit : Nirakh Parakh

District Quality Monitoring (DQM)

• Period: Atleast 06 months

• Done by Partner NGOs/Water

Expert Group Constituted at Distt.

level

• Based on Prescribed Eval.

Indicators

State Quality Monitoring (SQM):

• Period: Atleast 06 months

• Done by Panel of NGOs/Individuals Constituted at State

level

• Based on Prescribed Eval. Indicators

Case Study of Sohanpur Watershed, Block

Begamganj, District Raisen

• Batch - DPAP - VIth Batch

• Area selected for treatment - 5533 ha.

• Covered Villages - 15

• Total population - 6367

• SC-1396

• ST - 622

Community Organisation

• Awareness campaign, health camps etc.

• Number of watershed committee - 15

• Total member in WC - 174

• Male member in WC - 124

• Female in WC - 50

• User Groups - 69

• Self Help Groups - 41 with 508 members

• Women Thrift and Credit Groups - 50 with 608

members

Implementation Mechanism and Works Taken up

• Implementation mechanism - as per GoI guidelines

• Works taken up (Rs. in lakh)

No. Name of Work Quantity Amount

1 Field Bunds (RM) 35934 5.44

2 Contineous Bunding (RM) 17964 1.20

3 Boulder Check 849 9.58

4 Tank 68 107.28

5 Farm Pond 21 9.33

6 Stop Dam 21 23.99

7 Rock Fill Dam 2 3.17

8 Sanchi Structure 3 0.52

9 Well construction 1 1.11

10 Repair of old well 6 1.10

11 Bori Bandhan 39 0.42

12 Soak pit 229 0.13

13 Vermi Compost 73 1.73

14 Nadep Compost 5 0.03

15 Plantation 128215 3.00

16 Assistance given to SHG 14 1.80

Impact • Reduction in migration

• Ground water recharge

– Total no. of wells - 599

– Water available round the year (PrP) - 23

– Water available round the year (PtP) - 380

23 30

124

298

380

0

100

200

300

400

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Impact

• Irrigated area

– PrP irrigated area - 362 ha.

– PtP irrigated area - 1760 ha.

362 410

14501600

1760

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Impact

• Double crop area

– PrP double crop area - 362 ha.

– PtP double crop area - 1680 ha.

Impact

• Convergence

– Khamkheda village - Use of bio fertilizer

– Dewlapur village - Nirmal Gram

– Nursery development for Jatropha plantation

– 2 SHGs linked with SGSY

JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN

"A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION"

• Chief Minister’s directive to implement a community driven water conservation

campaign

• Water conservation campaign known as

"Jal Abhishek Campaign" launched on 2nd

April 2006

• community has taken the charge and

government is facilitating.

• Extensive awareness creation programmes

have been organised

• village level institutional framework has

been established to provide leadership

• facilitating institutional mechanism of

government has been established

JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN

"A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION"

• Following water conservation activities have been

planned and executed :

Renovation of already existing water conservation

structures/sources

Construction of irrigation tank by individual farmers

on their private lands though own investment

Construction of new water conservation structures

(like stop dams, tanks, nullah bundings and

indigenous structures such as minor dams, Bori

bunding etc on priority) as per requirement of the

rural community.

Implementation of comprehensive action plan for

river revival

JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN

"A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION"

• Encouraging villagers to undertake water conservation

activities in their own fields by Do-It-Yourself mode

• Convergence of financial resources available under various

government departments and contribution from local people.

• Groups of stakeholders have been formed for distribution,

utilisation and management of water through created

structures.

• Coordination with individuals and non-governmental/voluntary

institutions

• Locally available indigenous/traditional knowledge and

experiences have been considered

• Coordination with banks and financial institutions

• Making inventory of water sources and

preparing the annual budget of water.

• Preparation and approval of Action Plan

for water conservation activities

• Implementing efficiently the activities

included in the Action Plan

• Mobilizing public support and utilization

of Panchayat level funds on priority for

implementation of water conservation

activities.

Peoples Campaign …

“Reva Sagar”

A People’s movement………

Of the People……. For the People….

By the People…..

B h a g i r a t h K r i s h a k A b h i y a n

Pre-Campaign realities

• 80% of Irrigation by tube wells,

• Big Farmers own 60% tube wells

• Crop intensity is 125% against the potential

of 190% +

• Two of the six Blocks are Grey

• Irrigated area is shrinking since past 10-15

years

• Water level Depleted to 300-1000 ft

Distribution of 6 CD Blocks of Dewas District

Sehore

Ujjain

Indore

West Nimar

East Nimar

Harda

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Status of Rainfall (Average 897.49 mm)

Average Rainfall of Dewas District

Dewas is receiving more or less average Rainfall

Economics of Water

• Ensures double crop, provides multiple

livelihood options

• Tube-well irrigation – a costly affair, high risk,

uncertainty of water availability and its

adequacy.

• Availability of surface water reduce cost of

cultivation and electricity

• A surface water source constructed in 5-10%

area irrigates rest of the land holding

Reva Sagar Bhagirath Krishak Abhiyan

• Construction of irrigation tanks by farmers with their

own investment, on their own land, for their

Economic Development

• Irrigation tanks - ‘REVA SAGAR’

• The farmer is known as ‘BHAGIRATH KRISHAK’

A Strategic move Role Model theory was adopted

Orientation regarding water economics

Using Comparative analysis, Demonstration of the rationale of

perspective investment

‘Bagirath Master Trainers,’ a group of motivators were involved as Role Models

Various water –related Groups, APMCs, Co-operative Societies, Kisan

Clubs were Trained

Active involvement of Local NGOs were encouraged

Strategically farmers were ‘organised’ by internalizing CBA of water as a resource

Emphasis on ‘water as a critical input’

Questions Answers

How much land do you own? 5 Acres, 10 Acres, 20 Acres

What is the proportion of irrigated Land? Mainly un-irrigated

What are the sources of irrigation? Rains, Tube-well and Open Wells

How many Tube/Open well do You have? 1, 2, 4 6, & 10

What is your investment on these

sources

Rs. 40 thousand to Rs. 1 lakhs, 2

Lakhs, 4 Lakhs

What are your sources of investment Own investment, Money Lender

and Bank

Did you get any assistance from

government?

No

Reva Sagar: Situational Analysis

Questions Answers Inspite of such large investment, are you

getting enough water for irrigation?

No, water is not available round the

year.

In your opinion, What is the Present cost

of your land?

Rs.0.50-1 Lakhs for dry land and

Rs.3-4 Lakhs for irrigated land per

hectare

What is the status of availability of

fodder in summer season?

Not available

Pre-Reva Sagar: Baseline Indicators

Declaration Form

CBA of Reva Sagar

• 8-10 ft deep X 1 Ha. Reva Sagar irrigates 8-

10 Ha. (an increase of 10 times)

• Envisaged increase of crop intensity from

125% to 190%+ (from mono crop to double

crop)

• Increase in Productivity 100-300%

• Electricity consumption reduced to 10-20 %

… Contd

CBA of Reva Sagar • Ensures sustainable Fodder availability

• Incremental income though multiple livelihood

options

• Recoupment of investment within one or two

years

Contd…

Impacts ... (District Dewas)

• Construction of 4000 Irrigation tanks.

• Water table rise-up to 6- 40 feet

• Irrigation potential generated- 40,000 ha.

• Beneficiary investment :- 150-200 crores

• Checking of Soil loss.

• Bacterial life of Soil regenerated.

Glimpses of

Bhagirath Krishak

Abhiyan

Glimpses of

Bhagirath Krishak

Abhiyan

Received

“Rashtriya

Bhoojal Puruskar” in consecutive

three years

Glimpses of Bhagirath Krishak

Abhiyan

Success Stories …

• Multanpura in Mandsaur district was facing acute shortage of drinking water

• Community decided to repair and raise the height of a old stop dam on Bulalia

nullah, about two kilometer from the village

• Rs. 0.29 million was provided by village panchayat and Rs. 0.1 million contributed

by community

• Renovated stop dam recharged about 400 wells and tube wells

• The villagers were apprised of the

benefits of Bori bunds and their low cost and advised to donate labour and

money for this work.

• Each Bori bund cost about Rs. 1500 to 2000.

• Rs. 1.6 million was invested for construction of 1363 Bori bunds.

• Rs. 0.3 million was mobilized by public contribution.

• 222 hectare was irrigated by checking water in the Bori bunds, which led to

increase in farm production by 5550 quintal, the market value of which is

about Rs. 4.7 million

Success Stories … • Guna district witnessed successful

completion of different structures and Bori

bunding (Empty cement bags filled with

impervious soil)

• The people of village Barlai in Neemuch district have set a worth emulating

example by constructing private ponds under Jal Abhishek Campaign.

• 61 farm ponds having water holding capacity of 48190.81 cubic meter were

constructed at a cost of Rs. 22.04 million

• irrigation facility has increased by 20 percent after construction of farm

ponds

Success Stories …

Peedi Jal Samwad – From Raj to Samaj

• Open discussion of old generation and youth of village

community. Agenda of Gram Sabha

• Availability of water w.r.t. time line

• Change in water use

• Renovation of old structure

• Construction of new structure

• Recommendation to Gram Panchayat

• Motivating Farmers for Private Investment