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April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Community HospitalCommunity Hospitalof Lancasterof Lancaster
Robert J. EganRobert J. EganMechanical EmphasisMechanical Emphasis
Spring 2004Spring 2004Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
ContentsContents
•• Project InformationProject Information•• Project TeamProject Team•• Existing Conditions Existing Conditions
as Designedas Designed•• Thesis GoalsThesis Goals•• Mechanical DepthMechanical Depth•• BreadthBreadth
•• ElectricalElectrical•• StructuralStructural
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
ContentsContents
•• Additional Additional ConsiderationsConsiderations
•• ConclusionsConclusions•• AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments•• Questions?Questions?
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Project InformationProject Information
•• Campus Healthcare Campus Healthcare FacilityFacility•• 114,000 Sq. Ft114,000 Sq. Ft•• 3 Story, multi3 Story, multi--tier tier •• 43 Acre parcel of land43 Acre parcel of land•• Warwick Township, Warwick Township,
PAPA•• Plans for future Plans for future
expansionexpansion•• Two (2) 20,000 sq. ft Two (2) 20,000 sq. ft
Medical Office Medical Office BuildingsBuildings
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Project InformationProject Information
•• Purpose for Purpose for ConstructionConstruction•• Replacement FacilityReplacement Facility
•• Aging CHOL in Aging CHOL in Lancaster CityLancaster City
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Project InformationProject Information
•• Construction Construction EnvironmentEnvironment•• Land was used for Land was used for
farming and farming and agricultureagriculture
•• In line with landing In line with landing strip of Lancaster strip of Lancaster Regional AirportRegional Airport
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Project InformationProject Information
•• FunctionFunction•• MRIMRI•• RadiologyRadiology•• PharmacyPharmacy•• CardiologyCardiology•• Neonatal CareNeonatal Care
•• Woman’s CentreWoman’s Centre•• Emergency DepartmentEmergency Department•• Intensive CareIntensive Care•• OperationOperation•• IsolationIsolation•• LongLong--term interm in--PatientPatient
•• Private, SemiPrivate, Semi--PrivatePrivate
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
ProjectProjectProject InformationProject Information
•• Additional FunctionAdditional Function•• AdministrativeAdministrative•• ConferenceConference•• Class RoomsClass Rooms•• FinancialFinancial
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Owner: Owner: •• Health Management Health Management
AssociatesAssociates•• Architect: Architect:
•• HelmenHelmen Hurley Hurley CharvatCharvatPeacock (HHCP)Peacock (HHCP)
•• EngineersEngineers•• MEPFP MEPFP -- GRG Consulting GRG Consulting
EngineersEngineers•• Structural Structural -- Stanley D. Stanley D.
Lindsey & AssociatesLindsey & Associates•• Primary Contractor Primary Contractor --Turner Turner
Construction CompanyConstruction Company
ProjectProjectProject TeamProject Team
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Project TeamProject Team
•• Landscape Architect:Landscape Architect:•• ECOS Environmental ECOS Environmental
Design, Inc.Design, Inc.•• Civil Engineer:Civil Engineer:
•• RettewRettew Associates, IncAssociates, Inc
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
•• ArchitecturalArchitectural•• FacadeFacade
•• Red brickRed brick•• Reflective glass glazingReflective glass glazing
•• Woman’s CentreWoman’s Centre•• Attached structureAttached structure
•• Special FeaturesSpecial Features•• HelipadHelipad•• Local AmishLocal Amish
•• Horse stable areaHorse stable area•• “Buggy Only” parking“Buggy Only” parking
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
•• ElectricalElectrical•• Two Main PanelsTwo Main Panels
•• HospitalHospital•• 4000A 480Y/277 34000A 480Y/277 3øø
•• Central Energy PlantCentral Energy Plant•• 3000A 480Y/277 33000A 480Y/277 3øø
•• Emergency PowerEmergency Power•• Diesel GeneratorDiesel Generator
•• 1250kW/1562kVA1250kW/1562kVA
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
•• StructuralStructural•• Rigid Frame ConstructionRigid Frame Construction•• FoundationFoundation
•• 8 inch slab on grade8 inch slab on grade•• Steel structural columns Steel structural columns
with concrete footingswith concrete footings•• Wide flange beams, Wide flange beams,
girdersgirders•• FloorsFloors
•• 5 ¼ in. lightweight 5 ¼ in. lightweight concrete slab on concrete slab on composite metal deckcomposite metal deck
•• FenestrationFenestration•• Curtain wall tied into steel Curtain wall tied into steel
framingframing
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
•• MechanicalMechanical•• Central Energy PlantCentral Energy Plant
•• Two (2) 450 Ton Two (2) 450 Ton centrifugal chillerscentrifugal chillers
•• Two (2) 450 Ton open Two (2) 450 Ton open cell cooling towerscell cooling towers
•• 300 Ton plate frame 300 Ton plate frame heat exchangerheat exchanger
•• WaterWater--side side economizereconomizer
•• Two (2) 300 HP gas / Two (2) 300 HP gas / oil fired boilersoil fired boilers
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Existing ConditionsExisting Conditions
•• Twelve (12) chilled Twelve (12) chilled water cooled water cooled RTUsRTUs
•• Six (6) chilled water Six (6) chilled water cooled cooled AHUsAHUs
•• AHU 5 100% O.A.AHU 5 100% O.A.•• No energy recoveryNo energy recovery•• 22ndnd & 3& 3rdrd floor patient floor patient
roomsrooms•• 44--pipe fan coil units in pipe fan coil units in
roomsrooms•• Toilet air ducted to roof Toilet air ducted to roof
exhaust fanexhaust fan
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Mechanical Systems Mechanical Systems Design ConditionsDesign Conditions•• Summer Summer
•• 92°F DB 92°F DB –– 74°F WB74°F WB•• ASHRAE HandbookASHRAE Handbook
•• WinterWinter•• 2929°F°F
•• Room Set PointRoom Set Point•• Cooling Cooling –– 7575•• Heating Heating –– 7070•• 3°F range3°F range
Design ConditionsDesign Conditions
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Redesign ScopeRedesign Scope
•• MechanicalMechanical•• AHU 5, 100% O.A.AHU 5, 100% O.A.•• SW wing, 2SW wing, 2ndnd & 3& 3rdrd
•• Patient RoomsPatient Rooms•• 60 Rooms (20,000 ft60 Rooms (20,000 ft22))•• Fan coil unitsFan coil units
•• Not including Not including isolation roomsisolation rooms
•• No ducted returnNo ducted return
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
RedesignRedesign
•• ElectricalElectrical•• Panel load analysis Panel load analysis
before and after before and after Mechanical RedesignMechanical Redesign
•• StructuralStructural•• Beam Analysis for new Beam Analysis for new
WSHPWSHP•• Typical floor bay, Typical floor bay,
composite redesigncomposite redesign
Redesign ScopeRedesign Scope
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
RedesignRedesign
•• MechanicalMechanical•• Utilize TER and GCHP Utilize TER and GCHP
to:to:•• Reduce energy Reduce energy
consumptionconsumption•• Reduce operational Reduce operational
costscosts•• Compare first costsCompare first costs
•• Determine paybackDetermine payback
Redesign GoalsRedesign Goals
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Redesign GoalsRedesign Goals
•• ElectricalElectrical•• Determine difference Determine difference
in panel loadsin panel loads•• Before and after Before and after
mechanical redesignmechanical redesign•• Resize panel, Resize panel,
conductors & breakers conductors & breakers if appropriateif appropriate
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Redesign GoalsRedesign Goals
•• StructuralStructural•• Lower beam depthLower beam depth
•• More space for More space for mechanical equipmentmechanical equipment
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• WSHP on ground WSHP on ground coupled loopcoupled loop
•• Ground loop heat Ground loop heat exchanger under exchanger under adjacent parking lotadjacent parking lot•• 150 150 –– 250 ft/Ton250 ft/Ton•• 5 5 –– 35 $/ft bore35 $/ft bore•• Used 200 ft/Ton & Used 200 ft/Ton &
$15/ft bore$15/ft bore•• 60 Tons60 Tons
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• 60 Rooms total 60 Rooms total 19380 sq. ft19380 sq. ft
•• 1 Ton WSHP in each 1 Ton WSHP in each room. room.
•• Remove Half of 4Remove Half of 4--pipe pipe hydronicshydronics for for spacespace
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Three StepsThree Steps•• Simulate Original Simulate Original
Design for selected Design for selected spacesspaces
•• Simulate the addition Simulate the addition of a TER (enthalpy) of a TER (enthalpy) wheelwheel
•• Simulate the WSHP Simulate the WSHP in place of the in place of the FCUsFCUswith the TER wheelwith the TER wheel
CompareCompare
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Building LoadsBuilding Loads•• Peak cooling in JulyPeak cooling in July•• Peak heating in Peak heating in
JanuaryJanuary
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
Building Loads
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Janu
aryFeb
ruary
March
April
MayJu
ne July
Augus
tSep
tembe
rOcto
ber
Novembe
rDece
mber
Time
kBTU Cooling
Heating
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
•• To Determine Loop TemperatureTo Determine Loop Temperature
Ground Loop Conditions
-250000
-200000
-150000
-100000
-50000
0
50000
100000
Janu
aryFeb
ruary
March
April
May
June July
Augus
tSep
tembe
rOcto
ber
Novembe
rDece
mber
Months
kBTU
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0100.0
Deg
rees
Fah
renh
eit
57.957.9DecemberDecember
74.074.0NovemberNovember
83.983.9OctoberOctober
88.788.7SeptemberSeptember
95.095.0AugustAugust
88.088.0JulyJuly
83.383.3JuneJune
70.570.5MayMay
57.957.9AprilApril
48.648.6MarchMarch
45.045.0FebruaryFebruary
49.249.2JanuaryJanuary
Loop Temp Loop Temp ((°°F)F)
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
•• Energy Consumption ResultsEnergy Consumption ResultsMechanical Systems Energy Consumption
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
kWh
Original DesignOD w/ Energy WheelWSHP w/ Energy Wheel
583916
463557
326554
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
kWh
Annual Total
Mechanical Systems Energy Consumption
Original DesignOD w/ Energy WheelWSHP w/ Energy Wheel
30.13 kWh/ft30.13 kWh/ft2216.85 kWh/ft16.85 kWh/ft22
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
•• Operating Costs ResultsOperating Costs ResultsMechanical Systems Operating Cost
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
Janu
aryFeb
ruary
March
April
MayJu
ne July
Augus
tSep
tembe
rOcto
ber
Novembe
rDece
mber
$ US
D Original DesignOD w/ Energy WheelWSHP w/ Energy Wheel
$32,145
$20,975
$12422
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
$ USD
Yearly Totals
Annual Costs
Original DesignOD w/ Energy WheelWSHP w/ Energy Wheel
$1.66/ft$1.66/ft22$0.64/ft$0.64/ft22
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
50 Ton 100% O.A.unit 140,600$ 30 Ton 100% O.A. unit 126,600$ Enthalpy 10,200
60 Fan Coil Units 91,578 60 WSHP 138,00030 HP ground loop pump 18,600
Stainless Steel Piping 113,380 Estimated ground loop field 180,000
Total 345,558$ 473,400$
Original Des ign WSHP with Energy Wheel
Mechanical Depth AnalysisMechanical Depth Analysis
10$69,388 19,723
9$49,665 19,723
8$29,942 19,723
7$10,219 19,723
6($9,504)19,723
5($29,227)19,723
4($48,950)19,723
3($68,673)19,723
2($88,396)19,72337%
1($108,119)19,723$127,842
Year BalanceAnnual SavingsIncurred Extra Cost
Break Even
($150)
($100)
($50)
$0
$50
$100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Years
USD
(Tho
usan
ds)
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Two (2) Sub panels affectedTwo (2) Sub panels affected•• 2Q/A & 3/QA2Q/A & 3/QA•• Each serves 30 WSHPEach serves 30 WSHP
•• 2Q/A2Q/A•• 79 Adjusted Amps79 Adjusted Amps•• 159 Adjusted Amps159 Adjusted Amps
•• 3Q/A3Q/A•• 64 Adjusted Amps64 Adjusted Amps•• 151 Adjusted Amps151 Adjusted Amps
Electrical Breadth AnalysisElectrical Breadth Analysis
•• WSHPWSHP•• Voltage Voltage –– 115/60/1115/60/1•• HP HP –– 1/6 1/6 •• FLC 12.2FLC 12.2•• VA VA –– 1753.751753.75•• 125% 125% -- 1515•• 175% 175% -- 21.3521.35•• Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker –– 20 20 •• Conductor Conductor -- #14 THW#14 THW•• Conduit Size Conduit Size –– 16 (½”)16 (½”)
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
Structural Breadth AnalysisStructural Breadth Analysis
•• Typical Composite BayTypical Composite Bay•• Independent from Independent from
Mechanical DepthMechanical Depth•• OriginalOriginal
•• W16x26 (29)W16x26 (29)•• 8’8’--8” O.C.8” O.C.
•• Add single beam, equal Add single beam, equal spacingspacing•• 6’6’--5” O.C.5” O.C.•• Live Load Live Load –– 60 60 psfpsf•• Dead Load Dead Load –– 90 90 psfpsf
•• W14x30 (14)W14x30 (14)•• Selection governed by Selection governed by
deflectiondeflection
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Tried to be Tried to be conservative in conservative in analysisanalysis
•• Results are a best Results are a best approximationapproximation
•• Ground loop is crude Ground loop is crude approximationapproximation
Additional ConsiderationsAdditional Considerations
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Ground Coupled heat Ground Coupled heat pump systems are pump systems are incredibly efficientincredibly efficient•• They can be applied in They can be applied in
many waysmany ways•• It’s difficult to predict It’s difficult to predict
how a ground loop how a ground loop exchanger will performexchanger will perform
•• Heat pumps and ground Heat pumps and ground loops will become even loops will become even more important as more important as energy prices continue energy prices continue to rise quickly.to rise quickly.
ConclusionsConclusions
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University
•• Thanks to my family, who will Thanks to my family, who will never let me forget I took six never let me forget I took six years to graduate from years to graduate from College.College.
•• Thanks to my friends, who Thanks to my friends, who encourage me to go to encourage me to go to College for even longer.College for even longer.
•• AE Faculty and StaffAE Faculty and Staff•• Dr. LingDr. Ling•• Dr. Dr. BahnflethBahnfleth•• Dr. Dr. MummaMumma
•• GRG kidsGRG kids•• For ALL the good times!For ALL the good times!
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Community Hospital Community Hospital of Lancasterof Lancaster
Questions?Questions?
Robert J. EganRobert J. Egan
Mechanical OptionMechanical Option
Community Hospital of LancasterCommunity Hospital of Lancaster
Warwick, PAWarwick, PA
April 19, 2004April 19, 2004
Penn State UniversityPenn State University