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COMMUNITY HEALTH
Mohamed M. B. Alnoor
Community Health
Program I
CHP
200
The Rise of Public Health
“Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of
Great Britain”The Public Health Act of 1848 A General Board of Health was created
Sanitary Reform:1 -Edwin Chadwick (1842)
Legislation of acts to :• Control housing conditions• Establish sewerage systems• Proper water supplies• Provide for medical officers of
health
The Rise of Public HealthSanitary Reform:
2 -Waves of cholera 1831/32 - 48/49 - 53/54- John Snow 1849 “ The mode of
communication of cholera “Snow stated : “ Diseases that are communicated from person to person are caused by some material which passes from the sick to the healthy, and which has the property of increasing and multiplying in the system of the person it attacks”
- 1854 : Put theory to test : “Broad street Pump”
3 -William Budd: - same conclusion on typhoid fever ( 1839 – 1856) - Published a paper entitled “ On
Intestinal fever ; its Mode of Propagation” - He blamed the excreta of the sick
contaminating drinking water and the tainted hands of attendants of the
sick.
The Rise of Public HealthSanitary Reform:
The Rise of Public Health
4 -State Boards of Health ( 1855 – 1873 )
5 -The American Public Health Association was launched in 1872.
6 -National Board of Health 1879 : Yellow
fever in the southern states.
7 -Bacteriology: - Robert Koch ( 1843 – 1910 )
- Louis Pasteur ( 1822 – 1895 )
The Rise of Public Health
“Public Health then
was nothing but sanitation and
control of communicable disease ”
- By 1910 :• Control of typhoid, cholera and
diphtheria was progressing successfully.
The leading cause of death was. . . . . . . . . . .
• New phase of Public Health : . Education in personal hygiene . Public health nurse : teaching “ good health practices ”
- 1911 : Need for local health departments : to bring good health knowledge to the
people
The Rise of Public Health
- 1912 : Need for trained personnel• MIT• Harvard ( Milton J. Rosenou )
- 1913 : Rockefeller Foundation “ School of Public Health “USA & abroad
- 1919 : John Hopkins university “ School of Public Health and Research ”
- 1923 : Reorganized Harvard School of Public Health.
The Rise of Public Health
life expectancy
infant mortality
maternal mortality
burden of communicable diseases
As Public Health gained maturity
The Rise of Public Health
Governments increased concern
at all levels for the health of the people.
The Rise of Public Health
Disciplines that contribute to human health and disease are classified into:
- Basic sciences
- Clinical sciences
- Population medicine
POPULATION MEDICINE
in different settings and different times
is referred to as: -hygiene -public health
-preventive medicine -social medicine
-community health -community medicine
POPULATION MEDICINE
public health and preventive medicine preventive medicine social and
Hygiene
The science of health الصحة علم
Includes all factors which contribute to healthful living “determinants of health”
POPULATION MEDICINE
Public Health العامة الصحة
“Public Health Act “ of 1848 aims to:
- protect
people’s health - promote
- restore
POPULATION MEDICINE
Public Health“The art and science of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health through environmental
sanitation, control of communicable diseases, health education, early
diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and organization of medical services to ensure every individual a
standard of living adequate for maintenance of health and to enable
every citizen to realize his birth rights of health and longevity”
POPULATION MEDICINE
Preventive Medicineالوقائى الطب
Developed as a branch of medicine, distinct from public health. It is applied to healthy people. Now it is similar to public health.
POPULATION MEDICINE
Social Medicineاالجتماعى الطب
First introduced at the same time as public health. This is to stress social factors as :determinants of health and disease
- economic factors - education
- occupation / employment - consanguinity
- politics / administrative setup etc..
POPULATION MEDICINE
Community Healthالمجتمع صحة
This term has replaced public health, preventive medicine and social medicine.
Community Medicineالمجتمع طب
This is a new comer. It is the successor of public health, preventive medicine, social medicine and community health.
POPULATION MEDICINE
is the art and science of studying and
assessment of community health needs,
organization and provision of
comprehensive health services and
evaluation and development of health care
programs with the objectives of promotion
of health and prevention of disease.
Community MedicinePOPULATION MEDICINE
Health EducationMCHEnvironmental healthSchool healthOccupational healthControl of communicable diseaseControl of noncommunicable disease
POPULATION MEDICINECommunity Medicine
Branches, Divisions, Components
Health service administration: - Planning
- Implementation - Evaluation
DemographyCommunity nutritionBiostatistics
Epidemiology
POPULATION MEDICINECommunity Medicine
Branches, Divisions, Components
is the art and science of
studying and assessment
of community health
needs, organization and
provision of comprehensive
health services and
evaluation and
development of health care
programs with the
objectives of promotion of
health and prevention of
disease.
“The art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and
promoting health through environmental sanitation, control of communicable
diseases, health education, early diagnosis and
preventive treatment of disease and organization of medical services to ensure
every individual a standard of living adequate for
maintenance of health and to enable every citizen to realize his birth rights of
health and longevity”
Community Medicine Public Health
THANK YOU