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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH IN A COUNSELLING RESEARCH CLINIC: FIRST STEPS
Dr Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
Some Questions
What do people in the communities we serve want from counselling research?
How do they want to be involved?
How can we facilitate this?
The context...
Newport University Community Counselling Service (NUCCS) has 3 main functions: Provision of free counselling
Provision of placements to trainees
Engagement in counselling research
Funded by: The University of Wales Newport
The Big Lottery
The Kegie Foundation
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
The history...
2006
the idea
2011 opens
on campus
2011 scoping
of comm-
unity needs
2012
comm-unity
venues
Inspired and influenced by other counselling research clinics:
The context...
The counselling offered : Up to 20 sessions
CBT or Integrative.
Counsellors are students and some paid staff
Targeted groups – BME community, gypsies and travellers, asylum seekers and refugees, carers, people with mild to moderate mental health problems
In the local community venues & University site
In conjunction with local community groups who provide expertise, resources , venues
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
The research ...
Collect some standardised data* from most clients for research by students and staff involved in NUCCS
Developing a model for community participatory research (CPR), i.e. research that is:
generated with
undertaken in collaboration with
community groups, potential clients, and clients
* CORE, depression, anxiety, measures of the client counsellor
relationship , ‘Change Interviews’ .
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
Choosing community participatory research
Why?
Fits with ethos of the NUCCS service – working ‘with’ clients, not doing ‘to’ clients
Fits with our vision of research as empowering
Funding from Big Lottery
Newport as a community engaged University
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
What is Community Participatory Research?
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
‘the key element of PR lies not in the methods but in the attitudes of the researchers which in turn determine how, by and for whom research is conceptualised and conducted’ (Cornwall and Jewkes 1995, p. 1667).
PR/ CPR has a very long history, can use many different methods/ methodologies.
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
What is community
participatory research? Pays attention to community identity (Israel et al
2003)
Co-researchers (i.e. community members) may be involved in the projects in many ways, at all stages of the research
Mutual benefits for all partners from the research
Practical / useful/ sustainable outcomes (Pain & Francis, 2003; Park, 1999)
Addresses social inequalities (Israel et al 2003)
Community participatory research for NUCCS
Draw on existing frameworks of CPR , especially Cargo and Mercer (2008)
Cargo and Mercer reviewed the CPR literature and identified 5 key domains to address in CPR
We have adapted this to fit the specific needs of research in a counselling service
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
Issues for community participatory research in counselling
Who are the community? • Clients/ potential clients/ ex-clients? •Carers/ supporters/ networks? •Community agencies? •Statutory agencies? •Everyone in the locality? (see also Israel et al 1998)
Client issues in counselling research •Vulnerability (McLeod 2003)
• Sensitivity/complexity of data (McLeod 1996,
Abrahams 2007)
•Truly informed and free consent? (McLeod 2003)
• Client deference (Rennie 1994)
•Transference
Data, ethics and confidentiality in CPR •Data highly confidential, may be distressing (McLeod 1996, West & Byrne 2009)
•Co-researchers may know each other /clients (Faulkner 2008)
•How are co-researchers accountable? •Uncertainty of research process (Lofman et al,
2004).
Issues for specific client groups e.g. •Refugees asylum seekers / BME -possible cultural differences; need for interpreters
•Carers - lack of time to participate , potential need for respite care
•All - cost of participating
WHO WILL BE
INVOLVED?
HOW WILL EACH
PARTNER BE
INVOLVED? /
Phase 1: Defining the research area, questions and design.
Phase 3: Interpretation and dissemination
Phase 2: Collection and analysis of data
Phase 4: Evaluation of findings and process
Decision Making Model for Counselling
Community Participatory Research
Resources available
Account-ability of
each partner
Interests and
priorities of each partner
Contextual issues
Impact on partner-
ships
Partic-ipatory
research values
and principles
Ethical Issues
Where next...
2012/3 Research connections
with community partners
2013 Setting up first CPR projects
2006
the idea
2011
start-up
2011 scopelocal
needs
2012
BL funds
venues
First project plans: very early days Meeting with carers groups, to consider
developing a small scale project. Current suggestions include: Counselling for those who are post –caring
Self-esteem and counselling for carers
Changes in counselling
Ideas from our stakeholders group include a study on the impact on interpreters of working in counselling, particularly working with traumatised clients, and how interpreters can be emotionally supported
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
References ABRAHAMS, H., 2007. Ethics in counselling research fieldwork.
Counselling & Psychotherapy Research, 7(4), pp. 240-244.
CARGO, M. and MERCER, S.L., 2008. The Value and Challenges of Participatory Research: Strengthening Its Practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 29(1), pp. 325-350.
CORNWALL, A. and JEWKES, R., 2010. Erratum to: “What is participatory research” [Social Science & Medicine, 41 (1995), 1667–1676]. Social science & medicine, 70(5), pp. 794-794.
FAULKNER, A., 2008. Involving clients in counselling and psychotherapy research. Healthcare Counselling & Psychotherapy Journal, 8(3), pp. 16-18.
ISRAEL, B., ENG, E., SCHULZ, A., PARKER, E., BECKER, A.B., ALLEN, A. and RICARDO GUZMAN, J., 2003. Critical issues in developing and following CBPR principles. In: MINKLER, M., WALLERSTEIN, N., ed, Community-based Participatory Research for Health: From Process to Outcomes. 2 edn. Jossey-Bass, pp. 46-66.
ISRAEL, B.A., SCHULZ, A.J., PARKER, E.A. and BECKER, A.B., 1998. Review of community -based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19, pp. 173-202.
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport
References cont. LÖFMAN, P., PELKONEN, M. and PIETILÄ, A., 2004. Ethical
issues in participatory action research. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(3), pp. 333-340.
MCLEOD, J., 2003. Doing counselling research. Sage.
MCLEOD, J., 1996. Qualitative approaches to research in counselling and psychotherapy: Issues and challenges. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 24(3), pp. 309.
PAIN, R. and FRANCIS, P., 2003. Reflections on participatory research. Area, 35(1), pp. 46-54.
PARK, P., 1999. People, knowledge and change in participatory research. Management Learning, 30(2), pp. 141-157.
RENNIE, D.L., 1994. Client's deference in psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(4), pp. 427.
WEST, W. and BYRNE, J., 2009. Some ethical concerns about counselling research. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 22(3), pp. 309-318.
Sheila Spong and Rachel Waters University of Wales Newport