Community Ecology primary communities wetland and peatland
communities swamp and upland communities Slide 2 PRIMARY
COMMUNITIES rock type slope and aspect size and shape Slide 3 2149A
65N_, 100 m2m2 amygdaloidal basalt breccia C 20% overhanging mixed
forest 50NW, 150 m2m2 amygdaloidal basalt breccia C 50% shrubs on
talus and overhanging mixed forest 2149B Slide 4 WETLANDS and
PEATLANDS water chemistry hydrology shade Slide 5 alkalinity and
pH, base cations (Ca, Mg,...), water flow, groundwater influence
nutrient availability (N, P), productivity, decomposition
water-level fluctuations oligotrophic mesotrophic eutrophic bog
extreme rich fen tidal marsh swamp poor fen int. rich fen
transitional fen saline marsh fresh- water marsh or shallow open
water wooded wooded Sphagnum bryophytes Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8
Slide 9 pH = 6.5 pH = 3.8 Slide 10 BOG water table FEN peat till
bedrock Surface-flow Hypothesis Groundwater Hypothesis Slide 11
Slide 12 Slide 13 SWAMP and UPLAND COMMUNITIES substrate-types
availability utilization growth-form differentiation Slide 14 1 st
step: line-intercept data to obtain substrate availability 2 nd
step: ocular cover per substrate is estimated 3 rd step:
point-intercept data on bryophyte species is used to calculate
growth-form differentiation Slide 15 Slide 16 Slide 17 Slide 18
Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 21 Aquatic Terrestrial Semi- terrestrial
Epiphytic BryoPie Construction: substrate types Slide 22 aquatic
rheophytic mineral Slide 23 terrestrial mineral rock Slide 24
semi-terrestrial peatlands, peat forming Slide 25 epiphytic
corticolous vertical Slide 26 small cushion large cushion short
turf tall turf carpet dendroid turf thalloid mat smooth mat rough
mat weft cushions turfs mats BryoPie Construction: growth forms
Slide 27 Cushions Domes, shoots radiating from central point of
origin, branches similar, growing in same direction as main shoots.
Branching especially from near the apex of the shoots, thus adding
to the size of the cushion Cs Small cushion: short shoots, a few cm
at most Cl Large cushion: shoots often 1 to several dm tall Slide
28 large cushion Slide 29 Turfs Upright shoots, plants with
parallel shoots, direction of growth vertical Ts Short turf: turfs
up to a few cm tall, of erect shoots with some, usually subapical
branching Tt Tall turf: turfs of upright shoots up to several dm
tall with some, mostly subapical branching Tc Carpet: tall turfs
with divergent branches, stems erect with many clusters of branches
Td Dendroid: shoots sympodial, first creeping or stoloniferous,
then erect, unbranched below with scale leaves, normal leaves
and/or branches clustered above, forming a canopy Slide 30 carpet
Slide 31 Mats Horizontal stems, plants forming dense and interwoven
mats, extending horizontally over the substrate Mt Thalloid mat:
consisting of usually branched thalli growing closely appressed to
the substrate Ms Smooth mat: shoots and branches growing appressed
to the substrate, often attached to it by rhizoids Mw Weft: loose
intertwining and straggling shoots and branches, laterals often
ascending and arching Mr Rough mat: main shoots adhering to the
substrate, but branches growing in oblique or vertical directions
Slide 32 rough mat Slide 33 weft Slide 34 1 st substrate
availability: color pie sectors BryoPie Construction: diagram 2 nd
utilization: shade sectors 3 rd growth forms: hatch sub-sectors
Slide 35 BryoPie Construction: examples FDn: bedrock-conifer
woodland MHn: mesic mixed hardwood forest WF: black-ash swamp CPn:
black-spruce swamp
