Upload
garey-gibson
View
222
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Community Ecology
Definitions to Know
• Population –
• Community -
Community Interaction
• Predator/Prey (+/-)* Includes herbivores/plants
Predator/prey!
Community Interaction
• Predator/Prey (+/-)* Includes herbivores/plants
* Co-evolution: Organisms exert selection pressure on each other
* Advantages of predation????
* “Little Tree” benefits to population* Keystone predator benefits to community
Community Interaction
• Predator/Prey (+/-)* Includes herbivores/plants* Co-evolution: Organisms exert selection pressure on each other
* Adaptations of predators?
* Defenses of prey?* Plants * Animals
Adaptations of Predators
Adaptations of Raptors (birds of prey)
• Talons
• Beaks
• Speed
• Keen eyesight
• Good night vision (owls)
• “3D” hearing
• Soundless flight
Defenses of Prey
* Plants* thorns, chemical
Defenses of Prey (Animals)
*Warning coloration * Mimicry * Camouflage * mechanical: quills, thorns
Defenses of Prey- Warning Coloration
Defenses of Prey-Mimicry
Fig. 54-5c
Hawkmoth Larva
Batesian mimicry: A harmless species mimics a harmful one.
Green parrot snake
Fig. 54-5d
Cuckoo bee
Müllerian mimicry: Two unpalatable species
mimic each other.
Yellow jacket
(d)
Defenses of Prey- Camouflage
Defenses of Prey- Camouflage
Defenses of Prey- Camouflage
Defenses of Prey- Camouflage
Camouflage: Also adaptation of predator
Camouflage: Also adaptation of predator
Symbiosis(Two species living in close proximity)
• Parasitism (+/-)* How different from predator/prey?
* Examples:
• Comensalism (+/0)* Rare in nature* Example: Robin and Maple tree
• Mutualism (+/+)* Examples:*
Final thought on community….
• Is our view too simplistic?
Fig. 54-1