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Biodiversity and Development COP11 11 October 2012 Hugo Lamers & Bhuwon Sthapit The benefits of native Garcinia and Mangifera species in South and South East Asia showcasing integrated approach for on-farm (in situ) conservation and use in practice

Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

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Case study from Sirsi, Western Ghats in India showcasing the Community Biodiversity Management approach for on-farm conservation; presented during the Tree Diversity Day at the CBD convention in Hydrabad in October 2012

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Page 1: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Biodiversity and Development COP1111 October 2012

Hugo Lamers & Bhuwon Sthapit

The benefits of native Garcinia and Mangifera species in South and South

East Asia showcasing integrated approach for on-farm (in situ)

conservation and use in practice

Page 2: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Outline presentation

• Importance and benefits of tropical fruit tree diversity• Where is diversity found; focus of the project• On-farm/in-situ conservation; why and how?• CBM approach, methods and tools • Garcinia & Mangifera in Western Ghats India• Take home message

Page 3: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Three type of benefits from TFT diversity

• Fundamental source for new seedling material through open pollination and human & natural selection

• Eco-system services (pollination, lower pest & disease pressure)

• Risk management (economic, agronomic resilience)• Source of food items (nutritional diversity)• Source of non-food items• Source of income

Global

Local

Private

Page 4: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

1. Natural forest systems-wild species

2. Buffer zones in protected forests

3. Community forestry/economic forest

4. Home gardens

5. Semi-commercial orchards

6. Commercial orchards

7. Field gene banks

Context: Diverse production systems conserving tree genetic resources!

In-situ

On-farm

Ex-situ

Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity

Page 5: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Why on-farm/in-situ conservation of PGR?

• Allows the evolutionary process to create new diversity through geneflow and human and natural selection

• Enables interaction with other species and vital functions within agro-ecosystems (provision of eco-system services like pollination)

• Conserves and updates the cultural and traditional knowledge that is associated with the species or varieties about its uses, values and characteristics

• Recognizes farmers’ rights - farmers as breeders• Fruit tree species are recalcitrant – seeds loose

germination power in cold ex-situ storage – field gene banks always lack space

Global

Local

Private

Page 6: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

On-farm/in-situ conservation through use

• What/which diversity is still there?• Why do people maintain diversity/what are the

benefits of TFT for rural communities?• Who/what are the driving forces or threats?• How is TFT diversity conserved on-farm/in-situ?• How to strengthen and support these practices?

How to intervene?

Page 7: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Agricultural & natural biodiversity

Social & institutional

empowerment

Livelihood benefits & income

CBM

Povertyreduction

Social inclusion

Community Biodiversity Managementkey outputs, tools, process & outcomes

Governance, Rules & Regulations, Recognition

Farm strategies & activities (SLA)

Knowledge, skills & values

Conservation

Driving force

Page 8: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Community Biodiversity Management

Process-led approach:• Consolidating local institutions’ and farmers’ roles• 9 steps from site selection to value addition

Type of Activities:• Documenting diversity• Creating awareness• Set-up local nurseries• Capacity building• Added value activities

Methods & tools:• Four Cell Analysis• Fruit Catalogue/CBR• Diversity fair• Community seed bank• Participatory variety

selection/breeding• Identify good practices• Identify custodian

farmers• Diversity Fund• Rapid Market Appraisal

Ok, but how is it done in the field?

Page 9: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

• Salkani Cluster• Kuliveedu Cluster• Kumta Cluster

India

Karnataka State

Uttara Kannada dist

Western Ghats in India one of 34 hotspots of biodiversity

1.165 Households

Page 10: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Mosaic of landscapes: with patches of agricultural land and forests

Page 11: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

1. Agricultural biodiversity:Diversity assessment & introduction of wild species in home gardens

CBM

Page 12: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

2. Network of grafting experts to conserve the knowledge along unique fruit tree diversity

CBM

Page 13: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

3. Social & Institutional empowerment: Village forest committees, betta-land regulations and the right of harvesting

CBM

Page 14: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

4. Livelihood benefits & income:Product innovation & sales of traditional mango pickle and kokum jam by local women groups

CBM

Page 15: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Intermediate outcomes & impact 2012

1. Diversity and related knowledge assessed and documented; 48 M. indica (mango) varieties, 3 Garcinia species, 11 types taken up for promotion 8 pickle mango, 2 table mango and 1 Garcinia species (white kokum).

2. Conservation action identified and put in place through grafting experts

3. Village forest committees obtained for first time the right to join tender and won right of harvesting in buffer zone forest in 2012

4. High demand for mango appe midi saplings by local farming households, just as white type of G. indica

4. Women self help groups directly involved in the development and launch of new products like jam, pickle, candles, soap & instant powder for kokum juice

Page 16: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Study sites (4 countries; 22 sites; 36 communities; 15,000 HHs)

https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=214369556852953217892.00049798000cf458ac970&msa=0

Page 17: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Promoting Aroi-aroi Malaysia

Side grafting Thailand

Local food culture Thailand

Flyers produced

Page 18: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Way forward and take home message

• Not everywhere - works best in diversity hotspots

• CBM is challenging & requires shift in paradigm

• CBM is long-term effort – need more research in sentinel sites

• The only holistic & community-based approach to date

• If implemented successfully, it conserves biodiversity while creating multiple benefits such as increased incomes, lower income & harvest risks, enhance eco-system services, improved nutrition, strengthen local institutions, gender equality, recognition of custodianship and resilient communities

Page 19: Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity

Thank you!

Hugo LamersSocio-economics & marketing

Bioversity International

www.bioversityinternational.orgwww.fruits4ever.net

http://tft.atbioversity.net

With many thanks for:Dr. Vasudeva (College of Forestry, Sirsi)Mr. Narasimha Hegde (Lifetrust, SirsiDr. Gajanana (IIHR, Bangalore)