NAME : OPILI E.M.

REG. NO: 2777/97

SUBJECT: COMMUNITY HEALTHNURSING TWO (II).

TOPIC: COMMUNITY BASED HEALTHCARE: A MEANS OFPARTICIPATING

INTHE IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIMARYHEALTH CARE WITH EMPHASIS ONWATER AND SANITATION.

LECTURER: MRS MUIVA

DATE: 10TH APRIL, 1999.

TABLES OF CONTENTS

List of Abbreviations (i)

Introduction 1.

Unit one: Theconcept of Primary ~ 2./'

Health care .

1.1 Definition of PHC 3

1.2 Principles of PHC 3

1.3 Essential elements of PHC 3

Unit Two:Community based Health care with emphasis on water and sanitation

2.1 Definition of CBHC 9

2.2 Water and sanitation 11

Unit Three: Recommendations and conclusions 16

3.1 Recommendations .

3.2 Conclusions 17

REFFERENCES (ii)

(i) () (jJ/ . ')

LIST OF ABREVIATIONSI /~

TBA Traditional Birth Attendants.

PHC Primary Health care.

CHWS Community Health workers.

ARI Acute Respiratory infections.

TB Tuberculosis (Tubercle Bacillin)

H.I.V Human immuno deficiency virus.

E.P.I Expanded programme immunization.

K.E.P Kenya Expanded Programme on immunization

MCH/FP Maternal child Health and family planning

F.P Family Planning

M.O.H Ministry of Health.

W.H.O World Health Organisation.

M.E.D.S

V.H.C Village Health Committee.

G.O.K Government of Kenya

UNCEF United Nations international children Environmental Fund.

AU.G August

SI DA Swedish International Development agency.

JAN January

NBI Nairobi

HFA Health for all

USSR United Soviet Socialist Republic. (Currently Russia)

AIDS Acquired immuno - deficiency syndrome.

(ii)

S.T.I Sexually transmitted infections.

G.V.T Government

NGOs Non Governmental Organisations

ORT Oral Rehydration theraphy.

CPK Church of the Provence of Kenya.

KG Killogramme.,H2O WATER

HR HOUR

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1.

INTRODUCTION

National development depends on the good health of its people. A healthy nation is known

from its vital indicators of health. The health status will be linked to increase in the number of

people served, improved quality of health care, improved living conditions and improved

nutritional status of the population.

The Government of Kenya has always given priority to the improvement of health status of

Kenyans. Immediately after independence the Government of Kenya sought to expand health

facilities and to provide free medical services. Today 77% of Kenyan's live within a 6Km walk

1of health service. But still the natural barriers, severe illnesses or a advanced pregnancy

!

may actually render the facility inaccesible to many people within the six kim radolrs,

In Kenya, the quality of care varies widely from one health facility to another with some

facilities lacking appropriate drugs, equipment, suppliers and personel. While 20% of rural

mothers deliver in health facilities, the remaining 80% still recieve care from T.B.A.S. Moreov

er, excessive emphasis on cultivate care, resulting from the fact that the demand for curative

care is high and the training of health staff is typically biased results in relative neglect of

preventive PHC services which are more cost-effective and appropriate to the Kenyan

enviroment. Therefore community based health care strategy plays a major role in

emplementation as it lays emphasis on community participation in environment health

activities, prevention of diseases and establishment of community health funds and income

generating activities"

Kenya prescribes to the principles contained in the Alma Ata declaration of 1978 whichtJ

stresess the need for meangful health care strategies in developing countries to introduce

approaches for the provision of essential health services, that correspond to basic needs are

universally acceasible and allow for the full participation of the community."