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Community-based Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Enhancement in South Asia:
NEPAL’s 25 Years of Experiences
Symposium on Sustainable Village Revitalization in AsiaAugust 25-27, 2016 | The University of Hong Kong
Netra P. TimsinaVice Chairperson
ANSAB (Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources)
www.ansab.org
Potentials of natural resources and rural communities
Abundance of resource and scope for sustainable management
Big & growing market
30+ years of experience in community forestry
Prosperous communities
www.ansab.org
www.ansab.org
Community based enterprise model
an enterprise oriented, community-based ecosystem management and value chain development approach
that balances ecological sustainability, social justice and equity, and economic efficiency
Model of Community, Entrepreneurs and Market Interaction
Ecosystem
Integration of local communities into
international value chain
Networked/ Balanced governance
•Investment •Sustainable supply of raw material
•Increased incentive
Natural Product Value Chain
Local Communities
•Goods•Benefits•Services
•Sustainable management•Conservation •BD monitoring
Organized & capable enterprise oriented community groups
with access to natural resources
Increased income and employment
CFUG
Sub-group
Farmers' group
Improved management system
Biodiversity conservation and
ecosystem services © ANSAB
www.ansab.org
Empowering & capacity building of communities
Creating economic incentives and providing tools for sustainable management of ecosystems
Designing and implementing economic interventions with inclusive growth strategy
Facilitating broad level interventions for enabling environment
Methods and Interventions
www.ansab.org
A Few Examples
www.ansab.org 8
Handmade Paper
www.ansab.org
16 CFUGs in Bajhang
Malika Handmade Paper Company
AVEDA Himalayan BioTrade Ltd.
www.ansab.org
International MarketNational Market
HBTL
Bhimeshwor
Everest Gateway
Dolakha-Sindhu
Pandit Kamala
Shailung Juneli Jana Pragati Lekphant Dhorpatan
Malika Tamang Salija Sole
BCP Tibetan Handicraft
Dolakha20 CFUGs5,368 Ha.4,933 HH
Bajhang16 CFUGs6,978 Ha.2588 HH
Baglung3 CFUGs816 Ha.597 HH
Parbat3 CFUGs515 Ha.1174 HH
Myagdi9 CFUGs3200 Ha.1498 HH
www.ansab.org
Bio-briquette
www.ansab.org
10 CFUGs in Dolakha &
Sindhupalchowk
5 Community Enterprises
Kathmandu Consumers Himalayan Naturals
www.ansab.org
Poor & Women
Subgroups
Himalayan Naturals
Private Investors
Community Enterprises
Private Investors
CFUGs
CFUG Users
Tools/machine fabricator
Shakya Engineering
Stove MakersNewa Art
Ceramics &Everest Ceramics
www.ansab.org
Essential Oils
www.ansab.org
Allo
www.ansab.org
Timber
Oranges Ginger
Yarshagumba
| 9/8/2016 | www.ansab.org
Juniper
Anthopogon
Rittha (soap-nut) Large Cardamom
Morels
Bamboo
www.ansab.org
Economic and Social Outcomes
Increased individual and group incomes
Improved distribution of benefits
Equity across stakeholders
Mobilization of group funds in addressing poverty and community development
Village development work
Annual Financial Benefits from ANSAB Programs
102177
287365 379
460528 556 588
697 730 731
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
In m
illi
on N
Rs.
www.ansab.org
Conservation Outcomes
Increased area under stewardship and active management
More communities making management plan addressing the threats and conservation concerns
Communities are adopting conservation practices
Improved condition of forest and meadows
Knowledge in sustainable harvesting practices getting improved
Environmental Results
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
No. ofFUG
Area (in'00)
Household (in '00)
Policy Results
Promulgation of the Herbs and NTFP Development Policy
Reduction of royalty rates for 50 NTFPs Government support for CFUG subgroups IEE/EIA policy review
www.ansab.org
Enterprise-oriented community-based conservation approach can be viable - CFEs contribute more to local economies, diversify income streams and generate multiple social benefits
A case analysis of enterprise-oriented community forest management (37 CFUGs in 6 districts) illustrate that the community at local level can manage & conserve the forest, generate income and employment, serve the poor, women and dalits better with greater social justice
CFEs can take on non-traditional products and services including ecotourism, carbon sequestration, water, and agroforestry as well as traditional bioenergy resources
Lessons & Way Forward
www.ansab.org
Lessons & Way Forward Communities can monitor carbon and PES efficiently and
cheaply Ecological sustainability requires: secured land tenure,
capacity building, tech. assistance, meaningful economic incentives
Economic incentives throughout a value chain play an important role for conservation – should be meaningful and sustainable for community based conservation program
Development of self-sustaining VC with balanced governance structure requires - economy of scale, large investment, & long-term commitment
No shortcut – if long-term poverty reduction and environmental conservation goals are to achieve
