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Community-Acquired Pneumonia(CAP)
(PLENARY 2)
By :Group 2Arip Septadi 08310032
Dika Herza Pratama 08310077Wahyu Setiawan 08310319Panca Erfah
Safitry 08310233Ernawati 08310097
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Definition
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is aninfection of the
alveoli, distal airways, andinterstitium of the lungs that occurs
outside thehospital setting.
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Epidemiolgy
Incidence: U.S.
8001500 cases per 100,000 persons annually
Affects 4 million adults per year
Annual cost: $9.7 billion
Age
Incidence highest at extremes of age
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SexRate higher among men than among women
RaceMore common among African Americans thanamong whites
Seasonality
More common during the winter months
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Cause
Most cases of CAP are caused by a few common
respiratorypathogens, including:
o Streptococcus pneumoniaeo Haemophilus influenzae
o Staphylococcus aureuso Mycoplasma pneumoniao Moraxella
catarrhaliso Legionellaspp.o Aerobic gram-negative bacteria
o Influenza viruseso Adenoviruseso Respiratory syncytial viruso
Other rare organisms
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Type
Traditional Classification
Review the radiological characteristics and clinicalsymptoms are
divided into:
1. Typical pneumonia
2. Atypical pneumonia
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Classification
Classification based on environmental and hostPneumonia:
- Pneumonia community: Sporadic or young or
old person- Nosocomial Pneumonia: Preceded in hospitalcare-
Pneumonia rekurens: There is a basis of chronic
lung disease- Pneumonia aspiration: Alcohol, old age- Pneumonia
in immune disorders endemic: In
transplant patients, oncology, AIDS
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Symptom
Most typical signs/symptoms
- Fever
- Cough (nonproductive or productive of purulentsputum)
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Chills and/or rigors
- Dyspnea
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Frequent signs/symptoms- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Arthralgia/myalgia- Falls and new-onset or worsening confusion
(in
elderly patients)
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Physical examintaion findings
Tachypnea
In two studies, patients with a respiratory rate of>25/min
had a pneumonia.
Tachycardia
Patients with a heart rate of 100/min, atemperature of 37.8C,
and a respiratory rate of
20/min were 5 times more likely to havepneumonia than patients
without these findingsin one study.
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Chest examination Dullness to percussion
Increased tactile and vocal fremitus
Egophony Whispering pectoriloquy
Crackles
Pleural friction rub
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CONCLUSION
Viral infection epidemic in the community generallyand are
generally limited to upper respiratory tract.
A person with chronic illness are more susceptibleto this
disease. Symptoms and signs are typical ofthis disease are
headache, fever, muscle achescomprehensive, extraordinary fatigue
and dry
cough.
