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Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Green photonicsGreen photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
1
Michael S. Lebby
GM & CTO
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc3 key takeaways…
• Photonics enables many things and is part of our lifestyle
• Photonics will be designed for many products and applications (communications, lighting, solar)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Photonics is green and will enable new technologies and products that will also be green…
Lifestyle, photonics, green
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
OIDA � TranslucentOIDA � Translucent
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
3
…move into green technologies
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSilex Systems family
Silex Systems Limited
Founded: 1988IPO: 1998 (SLX.AX)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
SilexSolarTranslucent Inc. Solar SystemsChronologic
PV panel business(formerly BP Solar Sydney Olympic Park)
Advanced materials
Instrumentation Utility scale PV
Advanced green technologies
4
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGreen technology focus…
Silex Systems Limited
Founded: 1988IPO: 1998 (SLX.AX)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
SilexSolarTranslucent Inc. Solar SystemsChronologic
PV panel business(formerly BP Solar Sydney Olympic Park)
Advanced materials
Instrumentation Utility scale PV
Advanced green technologies
5
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOver a decade � company evolves
from communications to green…
• 2001 - Company founded out of Stanford University to
develop EDWAs for communications
• 2003 – First patent issued on Rare Earth Oxides (Er)
• 2003-2005 – DARPA (EPIC) program on silicon light emitters
• 2007 – REO photovoltaics for novel up-conversion layers
• 2009 – First REO crystalline SOI (natural SOI using GdO)
• 2010 – Michael Lebby brought in as GM to commercialize:
“on-silicon” REO technology (Ge-on-Si, GaN-on-Si)
• 2010 – First 150mm REO wafer
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• 2010 – First 150mm REO wafer
• 2011 – First 200mm REO wafer, first 100mm GaN-on-Si
wafer, first 150mm Ge-on-Si wafer
• 2012 – Scaling GaN-on-Si to 200mm, advanced development
and manufacturing
Decade of advanced materials R&D…
6
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Green photonicsGreen photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
7
Green photonicsGreen photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIn a decade…
• A truly green vehicle with LEDs and solar panels…
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Philips Lumileds, OIDA, George Craford
Extreme but effective…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncUSA’s biggest (passive)
weapon• Saving energy � less oil � less dependence on fossil fuels
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
It’s a lifestyle…turn things off…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPhotonics in renewables…
• Barrier: Scaling up renewable GW in our infrastructure– Cost of renewable electricity
– Performance and reliability
– Infrastructure robustness and capacity
– Simplfying dispatchable energy (wind)
• Barrier: Obsoleting petroleum (fossil) based fuels– Cellulosic ethanol cost (wood, grass, non-edible plants)
– Life cycle sustainability of biofuels
– Fuels infrastructure, standards, metrics
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
– Fuels infrastructure, standards, metrics
– Demand, utilization and intermediate blends
• Barrier: Shrinking energy demand of buildings, automotives, etc– Coordinated implementation of model building codes
– Market does not value efficiency
– Cost of energy efficient technologies
– Performance and reliability of new technologies
Sources: NREL, Dan Arvizu
Decade programs: attitude ���� cultural
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncWill the oil era come to an
end?
The start of a new era of creative, innovative
technologies
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Oil era slows
Source: Christoph Harder Swiss Laser Network, Oerli kon Solar, Uppsala hydrocarbon depletion study grou p
Stage entry for new technology…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncWhole planet?
• 50yrs,
• 100yrs,
• If ever?
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Kurtz NREL
Important issue in public minds…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncThe green value chain…
Value Chain
Service
Providers
Systems
Green - eco-system and energy efficient designGreen photonics systems and component
Home display, solar cell, lighting windows/panels
Limited green impact Big green impact
Wireline/wireless carriers; lighting architects; consumer services; media/content providers
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Technology Breadth
Modules
Components
Sources: OIDA research, Translucent Inc
TelecomModules
TelecomDevices
SensingIndustrialDevices
MilitarySpec
Devices
Medical &High Power
Lasers
LightingModules
AdvancedMaterials
Nano/BioPackages
SensingIndustrialModules
LightingDevices
Solar &EnergyDevices
DisplayDevices
Solar &Energy
Modules
Defense SecurityModules
High PowerLaser
Modules
Green has a huge impact in society…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Photonics markets Photonics markets
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
14
are already globalare already global
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGlobal OE/photonics market
• Growing from $353B in 2009 to $516B in 2021
– FPD big driver � 3.9% CAGR; SSL still best growth at 29% CAGR
400.0
500.0
600.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
) Photonic lighting
Precision optical lens and laser
Lighting
Dog-leg ���� slow down
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
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20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
Precision optical lens and laser
Optical fiber comm
Optical storage
Optical I/O devices
Flat panel displays
Optical components
FPD
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Outlook is strong for photonics…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncAsia dominant in OE/photonics
• Asia owned 81%
of global 2009 OE
market of $353B USA
11%
Canada
1%
South Korea
17%
France
1%
Germany
1%
Netherlands
3%
Italy
0%
UK
1%
Other Europe
2%2009
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Japan
30%
Taiwan
22%
China
8%
Other Asia
3%
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
North America & Europe minor players
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncMarket share in 2021
• USA
– Down 11% � 8%USA
8%
Canada
1%
Japan
24%
South Korea
18%
France
1%
Germany
3% Netherlands
3%
Italy
0%
UK
0%
Other Europe
2%2021
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
24%
Taiwan
23%
China
14%
Other Asia
3%
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Asia remains strong
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOE/photonics market by
major location
• By 2021, share: Europe 8.6%, USA 9%, and Asia 82.4%
• Asia photonics maintains growth (3.4% CAGR 2010-2021)
400.0
500.0
600.0
Re
ve
nu
es
($B
illi
on
)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
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17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ve
nu
es
($B
illi
on
)
Europe
Asia
North America
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Asian infrastructure strongest
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOE/photonics market by
country
• By 2021,
OE/photonics
will be a $500B
business with many
countries
contributing…300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
Re
ven
ue
($
Bil
lion
)
Other Europe
UK
Italy
Netherlands
Germany
France
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
contributing…
• China grows quickly
• US constant0.0
100.0
200.0
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ven
ue
($
Bil
lion
)
South Korea
Other Asia
China
Taiwan
Japan
Canada
USA
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Design + manf ���� off-shore
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncUSA decade trends remain
flat
• Optical fiber
communications
and components
strong
• Photonic lighting 25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
Photonic lighting
Precision optical lens and laser
Optical fiber comm
Optical storage
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Photonic lighting
CAGR 2010-21 of
12.2%
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)Optical storage
Optical I/O devices
Flat panel displays
Optical components
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Flat decade in photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOptoelectronics components
• USA 12% market share at $11.3B in 2021
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)Other Europe
UK
Italy
Netherlands
Germany
France
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
France
South Korea
Other Asia
China
Taiwan
Japan
Canada
USA
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Japan, Taiwan, china leading producers
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Green photonics will Green photonics will
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
22
growgrow
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncDefining ‘green photonics’…
• Contribution of photonics is considered “green” if it
– Generates or conserves energy
– Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
– Reduces pollution
– Yields a more environmentally sustainable outcome
– Improves human health
• Methodology
– Start with base optoelectronics market forecast
Optoelectronic componentsHBLEDStd ledLED ModuleLinear CCDArea CCDContact image sensorCMOS image sensorSolar cell
Flat panel displaysLCD (tft)LCD (tn, stn)PDPVFDOLEDMicrodisplayLTPS TFT
Optical I/O devicesDSCCopierFax machineMulti-functional product
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
– Start with base optoelectronics market forecast
– Analyze OE segments for green criteria
– Aggregate all green segments for market total
– Identify green elements of segments
– Forecast the penetration rate to 2021
– Expect criteria for green � stringent
• Slowing penetration rates
Multi-functional productLaser printerBar code readerScanner
Optical storageConsumer disc playerOptical disc player for PCRe-writable discOptical disc titles
Optical fiber commsOptical cableOptical passive componentsOptical communication equipmentOptical active componentsOptical modules
Precision optical lens and laserLasersPrecision optical lensLaser application equipmentsOptical lens
Solid state lightingIn-Organic LEDOrganic LED
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Systematically reviewing OE segments…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGlobal OE/photonics market
• Looking at this market from a green perspective
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
) Photonic lighting
Precision optical lens and laser
Optical fiber comm
$516B
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
Optical fiber comm
Optical storage
Optical I/O devices
Flat panel displays
Optical components
Sources: OIDA research, IOA
Graph is a basis for green photonics…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGlobal OE components mkt
• Green portion grows quickly over decade
– 13.3% ($46.6B) in 2008 to 52% ($243B) in 2021
400.0
500.0
600.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
s)
$516B
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
s)
green total
Balance of Mkt
Sources: OIDA research, Phil Wright WRT Associate s
General acceptance of energy efficiency…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGreen OE by segment
• FPD largest growing to $110B by 2021
– OE components 2nd, reflecting large role of PV and HBLEDs
200.0
250.0
300.0
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
Green photonic lighting
Green precision optical lens and
laser
Green optical fiber comm
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Re
ve
nu
e (
$B
illi
on
)
Green optical fiber comm
Green optical storage
Green optical I/O devices
Green flat panel displays
Green optical components
Sources: OIDA research, Phil Wright WRT Associate s
Consumer applications big driver for green
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGreen OE components: detail
• 2010-2021 CAGR solar 8.8% and HBLED 21.7%
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
Re
ven
ue
($
Bill
ion
)
Green solar PV cell
Green CMOS image sensor
Green contact image sensor
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Re
ven
ue
($
Bill
ion
)
Green contact image sensor
Green area CCD
Green linear CCD
Green HLED Module
Green std led
HBLED Device
Sources: OIDA research, Phil Wright WRT Associate s
Consumer applications big driver for green
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Networks must Networks must
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
28
address scalingaddress scaling
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncNetwork as a catalyst for change in
lifestyle
• Social lifestyle � personal lifestyle
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
� Before� Computer centric� Experts level� Data exchange
� Today� Network centric� Trained level� Archieval/access
� Future� User centric� Pedestrian level� Knowledgeable
Source: MIC Japan, Fujitsu, NTT
Lifestyle drives PAN ���� BAN
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSocial networking user growth is driving
bandwidth, datacenters
500M+
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Donn Lee, Facebook, Sept 09
When will the trend slow down?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Incfrom Exa to Zetta-bytes…
Only 44 Exabytes/month in 2012
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, OIDA OPTOmism
Driven by consumer internet…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSystem capacity and network traffic (Including voice)
• 2010-2030 forecast trends
10000
100000
1000000
Gb/
s
TDM Research
WDM Research
TDM Commercial
Gap???
Will traffic >> capacity???
10Tbps
1Pbps
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
1
10
100
1000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Gb/
s
Year
TDM Commercial
WDM Commercial
Total Traffic
Source: R. Tkach Alcatel-Lucent
1Tbps
Will carriers charge $/bit to slow us down?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSystem capacity and network traffic (Including voice)
• 2010-2030 forecast trends
10000
100000
1000000
Gb/
s
TDM Research
WDM Research
TDM Commercial
Will the price stop us from down loading data?
10Tbps
1Pbps
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
1
10
100
1000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Gb/
s
Year
TDM Commercial
WDM Commercial
Total Traffic
Source: R. Tkach Alcatel-Lucent
1Tbps
The battle has just begun…$/bit
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Networks must Networks must
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
34
address energyaddress energy
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncEvolve architecture quickly… (while traffic CAGR >50%)
• IP over DWDM transport:
– Eliminate unnecessary layers and minimize underutilized equipment
– Maximize architecture and equipment scalability
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, OIDA OPTOmism
Challenge: contain energy footprint
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncData transport and processing
• In 2006, servers and data centers consumed 1.5 percent of US electricity
(61 billion kWh)
• May double by 2011
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: US EPA
Action needed to rein in data center power
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncCost for power and cooling in data
centers
• Year 2000
– Raw processing ‘horsepower’ is the primary goal, while the infrastructure to support it is assumed ready
• Year 2006
– Raw processing ‘horsepower’ is a given but the infrastructure to
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
given but the infrastructure to support deployment is a limited factor
• Year 2010
– Three cooling challenges
• System, rack, data center
• Year 2021
– Green designs imperative…
Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, DOE, OIDA OPTOmism , IBM Research, IDC
P & C spending >> new server spending
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncBroadband technology
• Broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants, by technology
20
25
30
35
40S
ubsc
riber
s Other Fibre/LAN
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0
5
10
15
20
Denmar
k
Nether
lands
Norway
Switzer
land
Icela
ndSwed
enKor
eaFinl
and
Luxe
mbo
urg
Canada
United K
ingdom
Belgium
Franc
eGer
man
y
United S
tate
sAus
tralia
Japa
nAus
tria
New Zea
land
Spain
Irelan
dIta
ly
Czech
Rep
ublic
Hungar
yPor
tuga
lGre
ece
Poland
Slovak R
epub
licTur
key
Mex
ico
Sub
scrib
ers
Fibre/LAN CableDSL
Source: OECD
What is the effect if graph is mostly red?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncArchitecture evolution – FTTH
access
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Loukas Paraschis, Cisco, Lange, Deutsche Te lekom AG
Power consumption expected to rise fast…
1Gbps
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPhotonic integrated circuits save
power
• Important roles for green photonics in reducing power consumption in
communications and computing
– Short term – further deployment and upgrading of optical communications
links with lower mW/Gb/s, also leads to reduced cooling requirements and
improved cooling capability
– Medium and Long term – new computing hardware architectures employing
optical interfaces between processing, logic, and memory will lead to higher
flops/W
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
flops/W
Sources: Lightwire, IBM
Tighter integration leads to lower power
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncVCSELs for low power data
communication
• VCSEL scaling projection
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Dennis Deppe, Uni of Central Florida
Role in data-centers important
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Latest network & Latest network &
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
42
component trendscomponent trends
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOptical communication trends
Global sales of optical TxRxDatacom TxRx
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Lightcounting
Optical components: good mkt performance
Ethernet TxRx forecast
Optical TxRx used in telecom
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncComponent TxRx’s innovate…
Tunable 10Gbps WDM TxRx units FC TxRx units
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
FTTx TxRx units by type Optical interconnect sales
Source: Lightcounting
Component technology ���� Photonic Integrated Circuits
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Photonics will Photonics will
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
45
become integratedbecome integrated
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncMoore’s Law � photonics to
follow?
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: UCSB, OIDA Photonics Integration Forum, In tel
CMOS very successful ���� can we learn?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPIC trends over 3 decades
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Com
pone
nt c
ount COBRA/35P
Philips
Opto+
Lucent
Nanophotonic Integration Technology
Dig
ital
InP-Membrane on Silicon (IMOS)III-V on silicon (3-5OS)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
1
10
100
1000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Com
pone
nt c
ount
Lucent
NTT
Infinera
Foundry
Focal planeFocal plane
Ana
log
GenericIntegration Technology
Source: Meint Smit, TU/e OIDA forum Oct 2008
Beginnings of photonics foundries?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc2005 2010 2015 2020
VendorsMajority verticallyintegratedLittle outsourcingOver supply of FabsFab under utilization
Darwinism forcing some consolidationMore movement towards common platformFewer Fabs
Foundry model taking offStronger Fab vendorsCommon platform in InPAnd silicon photonicsMajor players buy-in
Photonics Foundry roadmap
Customers
InflexibleCustomized specificationsHave lots of leverage
Flexible solutions
Strong vendors
Most vendors using foundry
Limited flexibilityWorking to std’ize specsCustomer interestCommercial fabs open
Purchasing of foundry devicesQual 1 st and 2 nd sourcesIntegral to common platform design
Value chain
�
�
�
�
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Initial concepts launchedComplex issues addressedModels discussedWorkshops to explore technology
First models with committed programsA number of vendors transferring selected technologiesFirst devices being qual’d in comm’l fabsIP issues specific to fab
Foundry
First products using foundry technologiesFirst design-insMore vendors join foundry concept
LED versionsPV versions
Momentum within industry to move towards foundry model
Technologies InP Emitters (near IR)InP Detectors (near IR)Modulators
GaAs and InP devicesInP epi and photonics designs in comm’l fabs
Photonics (InP PICs) III-V/silicon fabricationMicrowave InP Photonics and Ics
OIDA (2010) Red Font: Major industry efforts are required for commercialization
Common platforms; volume; qualification
�
�
�
�
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIntegrated photonics over 4
decades…Courtesy of R. Nagarajan & M. Smit (LEOS Newsletter, 2007)
1.S.E. Miller, 19692.I. Hayashi, 19703.J. Shibata, 19844.O. Wada, 19865.T. Koch, 19916.M. Zirngibl, 19957.C. Steenbergen, 19968.C. Herben, 19999.L. Coldren, 200210.Y. Yoshikuni, 200211.Y. Suzaki, 200212.M. Masanovic, 200313.ASIP/III-V, 200414. R. Nagarajan, 2005
100
1000
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
14. R. Nagarajan, 200515. R. Nagarajan, 200616. M. Kato, 200717. R. Nagarajan, 2007
Not shown (EDG-WDM):
V. Tolstikhin, 44-channel dynamic equalizer, 2002;V. Tolstikhin, 44-channel power monitor, 2003;A. Densmore, 32-channel receiver, 2005;V. Tolstikhin, 3-channel ONU triplexer, 2005
Sources: OneChip Photonics; Valery Tolstikhin
1
10
Poised for big impact in fiber comms
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPIC technology maturity
OneChip approachPhotonic Integrated Circuit
(passive & active)
Free-Space Opticsoptics assemblies from off-the-
shelf discrete components
Planar Lightwave Circuithybrid SiO2-Si based PLC
(only passive)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• no discretes
• all functions in one part
• discrete actives and passives
• up to 20 parts to assemble• discrete actives
• up to 10 parts to assembleSources: OneChip Photonics
Trend to photonic integration…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncConventional O/E packaging
• Wire bond, PD, laser to TO-
BOSA HousingTOSA
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Wire bond, PD, laser to TO-
can
• Align, mount, and epoxy
• Attach fiber
ROSA
Discrete components, many steps to build…
Sources: OneChip Photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncAutomated PIC bonding
PIC
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
PIC
SiOB
Sources: OneChip Photonics
One simple step…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPIC O/E packaging
• Simplified manufacturing
– Flip PIC to silicon wafer board
– Attach PCB and fiber into v-groove of SiOB
– Glob top
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
PIC
SiOB
iPCB
Automated assembly for PICs ���� reduced cost
Sources: OneChip Photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPICs for PON & NG-PON
BOSA TransceiverTransceiver PCB
Silicon Optical Bench (SiOB)
Microcontroller
OneOneOneOneChipChipChipChip Diplexer PIC
Sub-PCB
Transimpedanceamplifier
(TIA)
Diplexer PIC
Robotically assembled
4 Inch InP Wafer
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
BOSA TransceiverLaser Driver
Microcontroller
The next generation PON…
Sources: OneChip Photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Consumer � must be green…Consumer � must be green…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
55
Consumer � must be green…Consumer � must be green…
southern4life.blogspot.comWarner brothers
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncNew decade opportunities
• System integration
– Take a display and incorporate it into a ‘cool’ product
• iphone, fridge, golf cart …
• Modify for niche markets
– Medical - resolution, bit depth …
– Defense – ruggedness, portability …
– Sports – weight, form factor …
HDTV
3D?
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
– Sports – weight, form factor …
COLOR
B&W
Sources: Colorlink, RCA, Motorola, Sony, Philips
We see things in 3D!
System integration, niche, and 3D?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncImpact of green display
manufacturing
ElementImprovement in Product or
ProcessImpact
Light Efficiency ImprovementBacklight efficiency, Pixel transmittance
50 % reduction in power consumption
BacklightLow Hg lamp, Fewer backlight lamps
30-50 % reduction in Hg content
Glass, printed circuit board, liquid crystal material, integrated circuits, sealing materials, etc.
Green component selectionEliminate arsenic from glass, Eliminate halogens, Eliminate brominated fire retardant
Reduce water consumption per glass area
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Water consumption Low water processingReduce water consumption per glass area by 70%
Greenhouse gas Low emission processesReduce green house gas emissions per glass area by 70%
Shipping packaging material Redesign shipping packagingSave 21,000 trees, 48,000 tons water, 3,000 MWhr electricity, 2,000 ton CO2
Shipping transportationMaximize shipping contained loading
Save 6,300 ton CO2 , 13,000 MWhr electricity
Waste productionRecycle glass, Reuse solvents, Reduce sludge, Reuse sludge
80 % waste recovery rate
Source: AU Optronics
Improving processes across the board
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncDisplays going green & energy
efficient
• US TVs consumed ~70 billion kWh
– ~4% residential electricity use
• TV power consumption scales with screen size
– Projection lower power than plasma
• Laser projection TV offers major power savings
– For 60”-65” class TV
• Plasma 524W, LCD 525W, Laser
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Plasma 524W, LCD 525W, Laser projection 135W
• Sony XEL-1 OLED TV power consumption matches trend
• Mature but rapidly disappearing CRT TVs are relatively efficient
• Plasma makes comeback via 3D!– Fast response times needed
Source: NRDC
Projection and OLED TVs save power
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOLED displays (green) have caught imagination of the public…
• OLED displays although successful in small
displays � struggling with TV/large displays…
– The performance attributes of OLED displays –
thinness, high contrast, high response speed, … allow
designers to differentiate their product
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Sony, Nokia, iRiverSources: Phil Wright, OIDA
Organic LED…so we don’t use pesticide
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncProjection: new diode laser
market?
• Consumers will find new
opportunities to utilize
• Being able to enhance life at
anywhere, anytime, anyplace
Fun
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: OIDA, Novalux, TI
Holidays InterestsBusiness
New lifestyle using laser technology
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Projection photonicsProjection photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
61
Projection photonicsProjection photonics
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncChallenges for the display
industry…
• What exists � 2” display in 8oz package
• What the market desires � 20” display in
8oz package
20”
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
2”
20”
Sources: OIDA, TI, TNS Research in Japan, August 20 04
Projection offers one solution
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncProjection technology roadmap
2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Traditional projection technologies
Class: mobileUse: travel in pc caseTechnology: UHP
Future projection
27 lb
>4x
(increase)400L
2 lb
1700L
>10x
(decrease)
~15L/lb
~850L/lb
Green diode laser 515nm
Pico-projector PDA w/direct LD
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Future projection technologies
Class: pocketUse: wearableTechnology: LED, Laser
Weight (lb)Volume (cu-in)
Source: OIDA
30 20 10 1 0.5 0.1200 100 50 30 25 20 15
1 lb
>4x
(increase)20-50L
0.1 lb
80-200L>10x
(decrease)
~50L/lb
~800L/lb
Challenge to shrink and be brighter
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncBlue-green material progress
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: OIDA research, Kaai, UCSB
Green laser diode ���� efficient green LEDs
2010
2011
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
LEDs and LightingLEDs and Lighting
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
65
LEDs and LightingLEDs and Lighting
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncHBLED decade trends
• Industry nearing $20B, and lighting >$7B, in 2021
15000
20000
25000
Re
ve
nu
e (
$M
illi
on
)
Conventional
Signs/Other
Signals
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0
5000
10000
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ve
nu
e (
$M
illi
on
)
Lighting
Notebooks
Handset
Handheld
Vehicular
Source: OIDA research
Driven by consumer products
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncLighting trends for LEDs
• Global revenue 2010 achieved $490M
• Highest CAGR in any category next decade (24%)
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Re
ve
nu
es
($M
illi
on
)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Re
ve
nu
es
($M
illi
on
)
Source: OIDA research
Strong growth expected ���� legislation driven
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncHBLED market trends
• 3 segments (Auto, lighting, mobile) grow to 89% in 2021
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
120.0%
Pe
rce
nta
ge s
har
e (
%)
Conventional LED
Signs/Other
Signals
Lighting
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Pe
rce
nta
ge s
har
e (
%)
Lighting
Notebooks
Handset
Handheld
Vehicular
Source: OIDA research
Photonic (SSL) lighting dominates in a decade
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncLow income: light to educate
• Electric light transforms the lives of the poor, making it possible for families to stay active - and children to study - after night falls. But
electricity is scarce in many developing countries; millions of villages are far from the grids, and power is expensive. Now the Light Up
the World Foundation has found a way to illuminate whole villages with less electricity than is used by a single 100 watt bulb.
Combining simple pedal-powered electric generators with wind turbines and with cutting edge technology from light-emitting diodes it
has won a Rolex Award for Enterprise. Already working successfully in Nepalese villages, it is set to spread around the world.
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Philips Lumileds, Photos Courtesy of Light Up the World and PICO Power, www.ourplant.com , OIDA
Positive impact on new technology
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncMomentum…
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: OIDA research
Questions are now being asked…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIn a decade…
• Combined LED/OLED will grow to ~43% of lighting market by 2021
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Pe
rce
nt
shar
e (
%)
Lighting - OLED
Lighting -LED
OLED stalling LED growing
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Pe
rce
nt
shar
e (
%)
Lighting -LED
Incand/Other
FL
Source: OIDA research
Will the G20/G8 ban Hg/Incand in 5yrs???
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncLighting: crucial to save energy
• U.S. electricity consumption could fall by 300TWh/yr by 2020
– 212Twh/yr if all sockets converted to LEDs (>2% energy
10,000 110
~3x
~1.5%/yr
US Energy
Equ
ival
ent P
rimar
yE
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Qua
ds/y
r)
Ele
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
(TW
h/yr
)
Adapted from M Kendall and M Scholand,"Energy Savings Potential of SSLin General Lighting Applications"(U.S. DOE-OBT study by AD Little, 2001),and EIA Statistics.
10,000 110
~3x
~1.5%/yr
US Energy
Equ
ival
ent P
rimar
yE
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Qua
ds/y
r)
Ele
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
(TW
h/yr
)
Adapted from M Kendall and M Scholand,"Energy Savings Potential of SSLin General Lighting Applications"(U.S. DOE-OBT study by AD Little, 2001),and EIA Statistics.
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
1980 2000 2020
1,000 11
~5x
US Energy
Equ
ival
ent P
rimar
yE
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Qua
ds/y
r)
US Electricity
withSSL
US LightingEle
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
(TW
h/yr
)
Year
1980 2000 2020
1,000 11
~5x
US Energy
Equ
ival
ent P
rimar
yE
nerg
y C
onsu
mpt
ion
(Qua
ds/y
r)
US Electricity
withSSL
US LightingEle
ctric
ity C
onsu
mpt
ion
(TW
h/yr
)
Year
Source: Jeff Tsao, Sandia National Laboratories, D OE
Innovative green LED designs to save energy
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIn a decade: LED wallpaper…
• LED lighting utilizing silver-based conductive patterns and graphite-based series resistors that are printed in a single pass in a rotogravure process (roll to roll).
• SMD LEDs can then be mounted with
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
mounted with conductive glue in an automated process.
• The process has been designed for flexible substrates up to 200μm gauge.
• Alcan believes the process can open up new applications for LEDs
Source: OIDA research, Alcan, Maurer ‘Rose on the w all’ , Jannon, UKDL
LED enhanced wallpaper…furniture
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncUV LED potential
• UV for purification: Hg � LED � LD
10-2
1
102
(m)
400
500
600
700780
Visible light
Red
Wavelengthin metres
Wavelengthin nanometres
OrangeYellow
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Green
Short wave radio
Television
FMRadar
Disinfection, i.e.
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
10-14
10-12
10-10
10-8
10-6
10-4
400380
100
200
300
400365
Ultra violet
Violet
UVA Blacklight315 - 400 nmUVB Suntan280 - 315nm
UVC Germicidal200 - 280 (315) nm
Infrared
Ultraviolet
x-rays
γ-rays
Cosmic-rays
Visible light
Invisible
Invisible
UV-Vacuum100 - 200 nm
ELECTRODE +
ELECTRODE -
UV Lampinactivation of pathogens
Applications: Municipal drinking/waste water, Commercial water, Industrial water
Source:Siemens
Reducing toxicity with semiconductors
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncLEDs: Better tools in medical
Acne Treatment System Using Blue LEDs at 415 nmSource: Omnilux Blue System from Photo Therapeutics
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
The neoBLUE Cozy Blue LED Phototherapy SystemSource: Natus Medical, Inc.
Blue LED Effect on Mold PropagationSource: Professor Kensho Okamoto, Kagawa University School of Engineering
LEDs Ease Pain and Promote Wound Healing in Bone Marrow TransplantsSources: NASA, QDI, Medical College of Wisconsin
GentleWaves LED Photomodulation System Therapeutic DeviceSource: Light BioScience
Smaller, cooler, and power efficient…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncPhotonic (SSL) lighting progress
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Kaai,UCSB
LED performance faster than anticipated…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncHBLED Epitaxial wafer size
trends• By 2021, 32% of HBLEDs will be on 4inch wafers
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
120.0%
Pe
rce
nta
ge
sh
are
(%
)
8-inch
6-inch
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Pe
rce
nta
ge
sh
are
(%
)
4-inch
3-inch
2-inch
1-inch
Sources: OIDA Research
Manufacturing ���� 200mm (as per silicon model)…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
OLEDsOLEDs
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
78
OLEDsOLEDs
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIn a decade…unique lighting
• Flexible substrates, paper for oled wallpaper…
• Fast switching…
• Maybe 3D wallpaper…
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: tech radar; jonas samson
Display, lighting, perhaps both, perhaps more…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOLED market trends
• Market growth driven by displays (3D TV)
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%R
eve
nu
e ($
Mil
lion
)Other
Display Lighting
Fashion Clothing
Health/sensing
Vehicular
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ven
ue
($M
illio
n)
Vehicular
Television
Notebook
Monitor
PMP
Mobile Main
Mobile Sub
Lighting & 3D are exciting developments…
Source: OIDA research
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncFashion: next wave for OLEDs
• Fashion in photonics…has the volumes
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Consumer volumes, competitive pricing…
Source: Groonk.net, Nyxjacket, OIDA, PIDA, General Dynamics, eMagin, Laser Focus World
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGlobal OLED trends �
moderated• Will large panels keep driving OLEDs into consumer markets???
20000
25000
30000
35000R
eve
nu
e ($
Mill
ion
)
Other
Display Lighting
Fashion Clothing
Health/sensing
Vehicular
Will fashion be the catalyst?
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0
5000
10000
15000
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
20
19
20
20
20
21
Re
ven
ue
($M
illio
n)
Vehicular
Television
Notebook
Monitor
PMP
Mobile Main
Mobile Sub
OLED can be competitive to LCD with 3D displays
Source: OIDA Research
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Sensors will be Sensors will be
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
83
utilized moreutilized more
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOptical sensors in key green roles
Pipe Line Leakage Monitoring
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Sources: Smartec, Opsens, Catch the Wind, Insensys
LIDAR for Wind Turbine Control
Fiber Optic Sensors for Oil Extraction
Fiber Optic Sensors for Wind Turbine Control
Very broad application space
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Solar CellsSolar Cells
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
85
Solar CellsSolar Cells
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIn a decade…will this look
different?
30
40
50
60
Sol
ar g
ener
atio
n (G
W)
GermanyRoEuropeJapanRoAsiaUSARoW
Global PV mkt forecast by country
China >50% market?
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
0
10
20
30
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Sol
ar g
ener
atio
n (G
W)
Source: OIDA, EPIA, Navigant Consulting, NREL, Euro pean Commission, IOA
China is under forecast (>8GW in 2011)…
50GW…China…Feed in Tariffs ���� change…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncThe hills are green….oops
• 11MW Serpa, Portugal
• Project led by GE
• 52,000 panels 200 watts each
• Project cost:
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Project cost: 75 million euros
• Installed in six months
• Operational since Jan 2007
Source: OIDA, EPIC, eupvplatform.org, EPIA
Will environmentalists complain…absolutely
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncWhile many drive efficiencies…
43.5
32
2222
%50
Solar Junction
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: NREL
12
16
22
17
2020
Is higher cell efficiency our only option?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIndustry must keep costs down…
• CCost 43.5
32
2222
%50
41.6
Cost GaAs/Ge
Si
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: NREL
12
16
22
17
2020
Higher efficiency ���� higher cost of the cell
Si
Thin Film
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncHow GaN-on-Si can impact
solar CPV• Cell efficiency, magnification, cell cost ($/cm2)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Huge value to CPV industry
Source: Boeing Spectrolab
Huge industry impact: CPV ���� Flat plate
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIndustry must keep costs down…
• CCost 43.5
32
2222
%50
41.6
“On-silicon”Ge-on-Si
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: NREL
12
16
22
17
2020
“On-silicon” will change the industry…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Green photonics at Green photonics at
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
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92
translucent...translucent...
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc1st exciting moment at TLI…
• Wafers currently
support industry
standard Si-CVD
techniques
CVD-Si
SSE-Si
9µm
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Up to 10 µm of
good quality CVD
silicon grown on
Translucent wafers
Natural SOI technology (but on <111> not <100>)…
1µm
10 µm silicon by ASM EpsilonCVD using TCS (<111> Si)
(Gd1-xNdx)2O3
Si
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc2nd exciting moment at TLI…
• Using rare earth oxides to lattice match different materials…
– Lattice parameter of REOs is closely matched to twice the lattice parameter of silicon.
– This enables growth of single crystal REOs on silicon without interfacial layers.
– REOs form thermally stable
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
– REOs form thermally stable interfaces with silicon even at high temperatures
– Moisture absorption studies indicate that REOs in single crystal form are NOT hydroscopic.
Hitachi, J. App. Phys. 1987 Vol 61, #3, p 1030
REO as a compliant lattice match layer…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncMechanical - lattice engineering
• Rare earth oxides provide a platform to bridge
dissimilar semiconductors
III-N
Graded REO
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
95
Silicon (111)
Graded REO
REO allows GaN to be grown onto silicon wafers
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncLattice parameter engineering
Nd2O3 Er2O3
Gd2O3/Si
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
13.75 13.95 14.15 14.35 14.55
Omega/2Theta
Inte
nsity
[arb
uni
ts]
Gd2O3/Si
Er2O3/Si
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
13.75 14.25 14.75
Omega/2Theta
Inte
nsity
[arb
uni
ts]
Er2O3/Si
2aSi =10.86Å
Formation of solid solutions enable flexibility in
Rocking curves show lattice parameter engineering possible in this material system. Gd2O3
Si Si
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Nd2O311.08Å
Er2O310.55Å
(Gd1-xNdx)2O3
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
13.5 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.3 14.5 14.7
Omega/2Theta
Inte
nsity
[arb
uni
ts]
(Gd1-xNdx)2O3
(Gd1-xErx)2O3/Si
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
13.5 14 14.5 15
Omega/2Theta
Inte
nsity
[arb
uni
ts]
(Gd1-xErx)2O3/Si
enable flexibility in tuning the lattice parameter of the oxide to match that of silicon.
Si
this material system. Gd2O310.81Å
High quality controllable material
SiSi
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOpportunities for “on-silicon”
• The substrates game:
– GaN: Very small diameter (research labs) GaN-on-Si
– Ge: 100mm typical for solar CPV; big lattice mismatch Ge-on-Si
– AlN : Good for mismatch. Small Ø (limited production) ???
– SiC : Best for thermal conductivity and mismatch: Small Ø, Expensive
– Sapphire: High lattice and thermal mismatch small Ø
– Silicon: High lattice and thermal mismatch
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• High thermal conductivity (1.5 W/cm)
• Large Ø, Low cost, High crystal quality
• Typical costs:– SiC: 75mm � $10.9/cm2
– Sapp: 200mm � ~$4.11/cm2
– Ge 200mm � ~$ 2.74/cm2
– Si: 200mm ���� $0.41/cm2
“On-silicon” is attractive for GaN and Ge at 200mm
Source: Yole
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncRare Earth Oxides drive a virtual substrate model…
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
silicon
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
Germanium
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
GaN
LEDs(GaN-on-Si)
Power FET(GaN-on-Si)
Solar(GaAs &
Ge-on-Si)
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
GaN
SOI
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
silicon
silicon
Rare Earth Oxide
silicon silicon silicon
Strong cSOI™ platform using rare earth oxides
cSOI™ and cREO™ are registered trademarks of Translucent
silicon
98
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Low cost solar triple Low cost solar triple
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
99
junctions: Ge-on-Sijunctions: Ge-on-Si
[email protected] Proprietary and Confidential Informatio n
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncDense array…
• Advantages of dense array technology:
– Based on ultra-high efficiency triple junction cells
– Low upgrade cost (now ~35-40% cells)
– Low maintenance solution
– Lower PV cell operating temperature for dense
• Array technology (active vs passive cooling):
– Extends lifetime of cellX64 !!!
32TJ
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Largest customer of TJ cells globally…
– Extends lifetime of cell
– Higher reliability of module
– Higher conversion efficiency
• Flexibility
– Dish CPV – first product range
– Heliostat CPV – next generation product
– Potentially lowest cost solar power technology (LCOE)
=2048 cells
100
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncTranslucent is looking at cost…
• CPV TJ solar cells run ~$20/cm2 with cREO™ on-silicon � $2/Cm2
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Huge value to CPV industry
Source: Boeing Spectrolab
Can the cost of CPV approach flat plate using Si wafers?
cSOI™ and cREO™ are registered trademarks of Translucent101
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSolar requires lower cost substrates…
• Use 200mm silicon wafer…
• Use REO to engineer low defect
Ge template
• Utilize solar device companies to
grow GaAs Triple Junction
Projected real - world efficiencies at 500 suns39% 42% 42%
Future
New 1.25 eV
production gener ation
Ge 0.7 eV
Ge 0.7 eV
In
GaAs1.4 eV
GaAs 1.4 eVNew
1.0 eVGe
0.7 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
4 5 6 7 891 2 3 4Energy (eV)
Projected real - world efficien cies at 500 suns39% 42% 42%
Future
New 1.25 eV
Ge 0.7 eV
Ge 0.7 eV
In
GaAs1.4 eV
GaAs 1.4 eVNew
1.0 eVGe
0.7 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
GaInP1.8 eV
4 5 6 7 891 2 3 4Energy (eV) production gener ation
TJ vendors
TJ Solar Triple
Junction
TJ vendors
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Translucent
The race to provide low $ substrates has begun…
Translucent
TJ vendors
Silicon (111)
Ge
Silicon (111)
Rare Earth Oxide
Ge
Junction(using MOCVD)
102
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
Low cost LEDs: Low cost LEDs:
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent
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103
GaN-on-SiGaN-on-Si
[email protected] Proprietary and Confidential Informatio n
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncCase for GaN-on-Si � lower cost LEDs
• Large silicon wafers have big impact for LED
costs
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Lattice Power, Haitz’s Law graph originally from HP
Timeline Today 2012 2015 2020
Efficacy 100 lm/W ~120 lm/W >160 lm/W 200 lm/W
Cost Base -50% -80% > -100%
Need large silicon wafers to win…104
High volume 200mm wafer fab?
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncStatus of GaN wafer size today…
• Economies of scale through increasing wafer size
• 150mm Sapphire being implemented
• 200mm GaN-on-Si in development
– Wafer removal techniques
300mm
200mm
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
200mm
150mm
100mm3”2”
Sapphire production New production Development Capital?
200mm in development today105
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncNew 1-step 1-wafer solution for GaN-on-
Si LEDs…
• Rare earth oxide DBR enables GaN LED on sapphire
to migrate to low cost silicon wafers using lattice
matched 1-step integrated DBR mirrors
• Mirrors needed to stop light absorbing in silicon
• “On-Silicon” is a lower cost LED solution
– Allows scaling to 200mm and 300mm wafers
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
GaN-on-Si using DBR wafers enables lower cost LEDs
���106
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncMulti-step approach for GaN-on-Si LED in
development today
• Thin film high powered LED by removing the
substrate
• 2 wafer approach
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Source: Bridgelux
Replaced with 1-step 1-wafer solution…107
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncFirst GaN grown onto DBR mirrors using
REO
• GaN templates grown on top of Translucent’s patented rare earth
oxide, which is lattice matched to Silicon <111>
• GaN template is a superb nucleation layer for MOCVD device epi
growthGaN template
Rare Earth Oxide
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
High quality GaN templates on DBR mirrors
�GaNtemplate wafer by TL with Mirrored Silicon™
Silicon (111)
Gd2O3
Silicon (111)
Silicon (111)
Gd2O3
Silicon (111)
Gd2O3
DBR mirror
GaN
108
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
GaN-on-Si Power FET opportunity
GaN-on-Si Power FET opportunity
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent
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109
FET opportunityFET opportunity
[email protected] Proprietary and Confidential Informatio n
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGaN power applications
GaN devices in power electronics
Power management Power switching
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
30V 600V 1.2kVVoltage regulator IC’s/Drivers
Discrete transistor &diode Discrete power transistor & diode/power modules IPM
Broad application space for ‘green’ power
Source: Yole110
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncIR’s competitive performance self-
assessment
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
GaN ���� low Ron and high breakdown voltage111
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncREO impacts Power FETs
AlGaN layer
GaN layer
AlGaN layer
GaN layer
1) REO gate dielectric2) Low wafer bow
Rare Earth Oxide
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
REO gate dielectric���� 1-step FET
Rare Earth Oxide
Silicon (111)
GaN buffer
Silicon (111)
GaN/AlN buffer
3) Field screen oxide for sub4) Thinner buffer
Rare Earth Oxide
Rare Earth Oxide
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
GaN
128
nm14
6 nm
Chemically Engineered Interface
• GaN directly onto REO via interface
engineering
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
100 nm
Gd2O3
128
nm
5 nmSi
GaN grown directly on REO
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
General General
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
114
observationsobservations
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncGeneral observations
• Green photonics is here to stay and grow fast over decade
• Photonics markets are already global
• Networks must address scaling and power
• Optical components mkt growing well (tunable, 100G, size)
• Trend towards PICs (photonic integrated circuits) accelerating
• Consumer displays/projection go green (literally)
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
• Consumer displays/projection go green (literally)
• LED lighting takes off and reduces power
• OLEDs stall in large displays, although small doing well
• Sensors being utilized in novel ways (wind)
• Solar industry evolving � CPV set to take off
• Silicon wafers become attractive vehicle for GaN and Gematerials
Which means the conclusion might be…
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncSame 3 key takeaways
• Photonics enables many things and is part of our lifestyle
• Photonics will contain LEDs for many products and applications– Communications, PICs, lighting, solar, sensors etc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
– Communications, PICs, lighting, solar, sensors etc
• Photonics is green and will enable new technologies and products that will also be green…
Thank-you
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent Inc
22-Jul-10, Slide prepared by David Williams
End of presentation
Michael Lebby, PhD MBA Deng CEngGeneral Manager & Chief Technology Officer
Translucent
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
22-Jul-10, Slide prepared by David WilliamsTranslucentEarth Abundant Materials Technology
Translucent Inc952 Commercial StPalo Alto, CA94303
Thank you for listening
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncEarth Abundant Materials
Technology.
Translucent Inc
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
118
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOIDA Communications Components Roadmap
2005 2010 2015 2020
Optical Amplifiers
Dispersion Compensators
Wavelength Converters
Multiplexers
OIDA
EDFAs 40nm 80nm, 100nm
Low-cost SOAs (<$100) for 1310 /1550nm bandsLow-cost, digital & analog, for < $500
Ultra-Wideband OAs, 80 - 345nm
Dynamic dispersion compensation Integrated Compensat or
Disp. Comp. Fiber Bragg Grating devices with slope mangement
Optoelectronic (transducers) Integrated component designs Band-to-band modulesall-optical ???
Standard 80km Hop-skip 160km Double Hop-skip 320km
Silicon <40Ch InP based <40 Ch Silicon 80Ch Low cost Silicon and InP 40/80/160Ch
Simple component converters
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Multiplexers
Connectors
Device Packaging &
Miniaturization
Optical Fibers
OIDA (2010)
SM/MM Fiber/Plastic BiDi Fiber Ribbon (1xN) MT Multilevel Array (NxN) MT
1310/1550 FP/DFB/EML 10Gb/s 40Gb/s DFB/EML 100Gb/s DBB/EML (with PIC)Standard Hermetic Organic quasi-hermetic Low cost environmentally stable organicTO-can/Butterfly Plastic SIP/Silicon Platform Integrated Silicon/Plastic/InPTE Cooler Micro TE Cooler Sub-micro TE coolerUncooled 1310 DFB/EML Uncooled 1550 DFB/EML Uncooled PIC/OEIC designs
1310nm optimized, dispersion-shifted Dispersion flattened & large-core for DWDM
ultra-wideband (no water band at 1385nm)
Technology & Components: Commercial Availability in Year Indicated
Active Optical Cable (AOC) $1/Gb/s AOC $0.5/Gb/s AOC
Bendable fiber
Many challenges in R&D
Earth Abundant Materials Technology.
Translucent IncOIDA Communications Architecture Roadmap
2005 2010 2015 2020
Services
Core Network
OIDA
POTS, Data, Fax,Internet, CATV, VoIP, games, broadband
High-speed Internet (upto 50Mbps tele-working, tele-learning, tele-medicine,VoD, games, interactive entertainment,Multimedia, e-Commerce, Advanced VoIP, social networking
Next-Generation Internet(“1 Gb/s to the desktop”);Distributed Virtual Environments (joint working, learning, entertainment, health care and mobility)
Cable Modems
2.5 Gb/s
160 λ’s 320 λ’s 500 - 1000 λ’s
40 Gb/s 1Tb/s
DWDM 128 λ’s
point-to-point OADM OXC ??? & All-Optical Networks
10 Gb/s
CWDM 16 λ’s 64 λ’s 128λ’s 256λ’s
100 Gb/s 400 Gb/s
Cable Modems Cable Modems
[email protected] Copyright© IEEE-SCV-Photonics 4 th October 2011
Access Network
LANTrunk LAN
OIDA (2010)
POTS, Modem,ISDN, HFC,Cellular, Broadcast Satellite
Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (1.5-8-52 Mb/s)
ATM/PON (155/622 Mb/s) 2.5 - 10 Gb/s & DWDMLMDS (2-155Mb/s)
Broadband Satellite: Broadband Satellite:10Mb/s DL, 1Mb/s UL; 100Mb/s DL, 10Mb/s UL;
(Note: UL: Satellite Up Link; DL = Down Link)
100 Mb/s Ethernet1Gb/s
1 GbE10 Gb/s
10 GbE 40 GbE 100GbE40Gb/s 100 Gb/s 400Gb/s?
Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (50-250 Mb/s)
Cable ModemsADSL/VDSL (1Gb/s)
Trend to higher performance continues