Communication Sem 1

8/8/2019 Communication Sem 1

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communication

Chapter 1


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Objective

By the end of the session the student will be

able :

To know the history of communication Define the communication

Explain the communication process

Types, method and modes of communication

State factors affecting communication

process


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Started even before we know howto write or spellthe word communication.

It evolved from simple body language toancient

pictorial messages carved onrocks intochannelsofcommunication like television,telephone tothe

world of web that broughtthe world together.


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Dates back to the earliest sign of life. Speech was revolutionized about 200,000

years ago.

Symbols was developed about 30,000years and writing about 7,000.

Telecommunication developed for the past

few centuries.


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S

ymbols-The imperfectionof speech.

- Easier disseminationofideas.- stimulated inventions.

- resulted inthe creationofnew forms ofcommunications,improvingboth therange at which people could

communicate.


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Petroglyphs- Carvings intoarock surface.

- Tellingabout stories aboutthe event.Pictograms- Is a symbol representingaconcept,

activity, place or event (showinganevent).

- Is a formof proto-writingwherebyideastransmitted through drawings.


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Ideogram

- A graphic symbol thatrepresents anidea

orconcept.Writing-Systems ofrepresentationof language

through graphic.Alphabets

- Emerged around 2000BC in Ancient

Egypt.

- Mostalphabets developed from here.


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Cave Paintings- The oldest known symbols created with

the purpose ofcommunicating.- though not well standardized containinformation.

Speech- Evolutionofthe brain.

- Allowed humans tomasteravery

efficient formofcommunication.


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Continue

Facilitated transmission of information and

knowledge.

Allowed human to adapt themselves to new

environment.

Easier coordination and cooperation.


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Cave drawings were murals that people painted onto the walls of caves and canyons to tell

the story of their culture. They would tell stories of battles, hunts and culture.


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Smoke signals were another wayto send

messages to people who were notcloseenough touse words with.


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drums were one way to send signals to neighboring tribes and

groups. The sound of the drumming patterns would tell them of

concerns and events they needed to know.


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Storytelling was used to tell stories, both

fiction and nonfiction, before there were

books. It was a way for families and

communities to pass on information about

their past.


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Religious symbols


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Cave Paintings


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SPEECH


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Petroglyphs


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Pictograph from 1510 telling a story of coming ofmissionaries to

Hispaniola


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Ideograms


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Whatis communication


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Definition

Commonly defined as the imparting orinterchange of thoughts, opinions or

information by speech, writing or signs.

An act or instance of transmitting and aprocess by which information is

exchanged between individuals.

Perceived as a two-way process.

The sending and receiving of a message.


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Process of Communication

Sender the one who conveys the messageto another person.

Message-the thought,idea,or emotionconveyed.

Channel- how the message is sent. Receiver physiological/psychological

components.

Feedback the receivers response to thesender

Influences-Culture ,education, emotions.etc


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Types/Modes/Method of Communication

3 major parts in human face to facecommunication which are:

- body language.

- Voice tonality.- Eye contact.

According to research

- 55% determined by body language.- 38% voice tone.

- 7% content or words used.


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Verbal Communication

is the act of saying what's on your mind withwords.

is the ability to explain and present your ideas in

clear.

Is when we communicate our message verbally

to whoever is receiving the message.

is the spoken words and enunciation, stress,

tone used to convey a message


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Verbal

Speeches Presentations

In Person Interviews

Telephone Interviews Meetings

Teleconferences

Networking Phone Calls


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Nonverbal

The ability to enhance the expression ofideas, through the use body language,gestures, facial expressions, tone ofvoice, use of pictures, icons and symbols.

is talking without speaking a word. It is very effective, maybe even more so

than speech.

Remember the saying, Actions speak

louder than words

-


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Factors thatinfluence/affect

communicationVerbal Messages

content of our message choice and

arrangement of our words. use of language that is Jargon.

Words that are critical, blaming, judgmental

or accusatory tend to create a resistant and

defensive mindset that is not conducive to

problem solving.


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Non-Verbal (non-word messages)

Gestures (misunderstood gestures are amajor barrier)

- Anger

Emotional (personal feelings at the moment)- Facial expressions

Perceptional (viewing what is said from

your own mindset).-Tone of voice


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Physical (time, environment, comfort, needs,physical medium)

Cultural (ethnic, religious, and social

differences,G

eneral Appearance and Dress)

Motivational (mental inertia)

Experiential (lack of similar experience)

Continue


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Effective Communication Technique

Listen Actively- Be attentive (Concentrate on what is said)

- Be impartial (dont form, just listen)

- Reflect back (repeat back, helps the speakerknow that you understand)

- Summarize (Pull together the important

message)

- Open-ended questions


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Continue

Nonverbal Message- Posture (show that you are interested by

sitting up)

- Equal Positioning (speaker standing, youstand also)

- Facial Expressions ( feelings are reflected infacial expression).

-G

estures (body language revealse.g.bored,in a hurry)


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Continue

Communicate Without Being Adversarial Express concerns non-judgmentally - talk

about your questions or concerns without

blaming other people. Rather than talking

about people not doing his/her job, discusswith them

Use "I" messages. Rather than say, "You

didn't explain that very well," say, "I didn'tunderstand what you just said. Please

explain it again."


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Communication in Nursing


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Communication forms the foundation of allnursing care yet strangely, it is an area ofnursing which has often been taken for

granted or underestimated."

(Macleod-Clarke, 1984,p.52)


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forms the foundation of all nursing care.

Nurses have to be intermediaries betweendoctors and patients.

The welfare of the patient has to be first

and foremost in the consideration ofnursing.

requires nurse sensitivity when dealing

with the sick and dying. (Her threshold of

tolerance must be high to meet patients

need).


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involves

- verbal communications (Oral).- Written

- Self-Reflection

When a nurse uses either of theseskills they

-need to be clear, simple, to the pointand time

-appropriate as to avoidmiscommunication.


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Oral Communication

Nurses communicate within many differentrelationships, each with their own rules

- Nurse-Nurse

- Nurse-Nursing Assistant

- Nurse-Student Nurse

- Nurse-Physician

- Nurse-Other Health Professionals


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Written Communication

On Charts (Vital Signs,GCS)

Requisitions forLab Test and other

diagnostic procedures. Electronic Computers

Telemedicine-Transmit health information

form one hospital to another hospital.


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Self-Reflection is gaining insight.

involves looking beyond the immediate

(present) and delving below the surface in

order to provide care to the patient/client.

informs practice, creates learning, and

brings new meaning.

Through constant questioning, nurses can

see more clearly.


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A Thought

"The most important practical lesson that

can be given to nurses is to teach themwhat to observe..."

(Florence Nightingale, 1859)


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Thank you


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Definition

Effective communication

Purposeful and goal orientated

Creating


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Goals ofTherapeutic Communication

To obtain or provide informationTo develop trust

To show caring

To explore feelings


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Components ofTherapeutic CommunicationEmpathy

Positive regard

Positive sense of

self

Documents

Communication Sem 1