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Communication in Governance PREM Core Course Public Sector Governance
April 2007
Paul Mitchell
Development Communication DivisionThe World Bank
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Communication in Governance
Several Approaches: Political risks around the governance
issue in country Communication component in
governance projects Public Sphere Communication as a sector in
governance
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Defining Political Risk
“…effective political risk analysis is not just a question of evaluating a country risk. Instead, risk assessment must identify the implications of social, political and economic conditions of each particular development intervention.
The key to analyzing the political risks facing a project is to identify the winners and losers and assess their relative ability to help or hinder a project, whether directly or by influencing others.”
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Political risk is highly contextual
Issue Time Place Who is involved External environment
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Dimensions of political risk
Who is involved? What influence can they exert? Will they use it and to what
degree? What impact will it have?
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Political risk is DYNAMIC
Unlike other analysis – financial, social, environmental
Political risk analysis can change very quickly
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Project Cycle
PRSP
&
CAS
Identification Preparation Appraisal Approval Evaluation
Implementation
Country Portfolio Review
Analysis
Communication Program Performance and Impact Evaluation
Strategy and Communication
Component Design
Client Survey
Project Cycle Phase
DevComm Program Phase
• Communication Based Assessment
• Socio Political Risk Assessment
• Consultation schemes
• Public Opinion Research
• Project Document Inputs
• Communication Program Implementation Plan
• Capacity building
• Technical Assistance
• Advice
• Supervision
Interventions and Products
KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS
Communication Program
Implementation
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Research
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Communications Based Assessment
Usually shows one or all of three issues needs to be changed:
Design of project Process Communication
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Public Sphere
Entry point for discussion about governance in a country:
Mediates between society and the state. Ability of state to address and listen to
citizens; citizens to form interest groups; free media;
Embedded in an environment that gives actors rights, duties and opportunities.
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Power of Media in Development Local media, particularly radio, carry information &
encourage commerce in geographically isolated markets Growing global media can move currency markets and
international trade Can provide info on political markets, exposing corrupt and
unethical politicians and giving people platform to voice diverse opinions on governance and reform
Can inform poor and marginalized people, giving them a voice
With higher literacy rates, lower printing costs, and new broadcast technologies, media can reach even further
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Role of Media: Improving Governance The media acts as the disseminator of information
about government - expenditures, laws, right and obligations of citizens etc.and can also make transparent the information that government sends or puts out. It also acts as watchdog on government
It plays the important role of providing information to enable informed audiences who can then participate in development policy discussions (National Plans, CAS) - it carries that information both about process and content
The media is useful in building trust in institutions (like the WB) and faith in the product (development)
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Fighting Corruption: Another LookAnti-corruption: Rely on legal and financial institutions –judiciary, police, financial
auditors–to enforce and enhance accountability in the public sector. However, in many poor countries, these institutions are weak and among the most corrupt
A complementary approach takes the users of public services as a starting point. Rather than attempting to increase service providers’ accountability to policymakers alone, the idea is to also engage citizens at the bottom of the public service delivery chain by providing them with easy access to information on the workings of public programs intended for their benefit
In this way, citizens will be empowered to demand certain standards and monitor and challenge abuses by officials they interact with in their daily lives
Improving public access to information is a crucial part in this bottom-up strategy
External Affairs Vice Presidency
Empowered Communication Environment
Communication as sector: Reform government communication Parliamentary communication Decentralized communication Improve functioning of private media The legal environment for
communication How do people receive information