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By:
• Ashmi Banerjee ( Roll: 125186)
• Nishat Zaman (Roll: 125191)• Sukanya Sett (Roll: 1251)• Sahini Bose ( Roll: 1251)
Communication Process
- Refers to the identifiable flow of information through interrelated stages of analysis directed towards the achievement of an objective.
Communication Process
Components of Communication
• Sender/ Source• Message• Encoding• Channel of Communication• Receiver/ Destination• Decoding• Feedback
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages.
Oral communication is the process of expressing information or ideas by word of mouth.
Speeches, formal one-on-one and group discussions, and the informal rumor mill or grapevine are popular forms of oral communication.
Written Communication
Written communications include memos, letters, fax transmissions, e-mail, instant messaging, organizational periodicals, notices placed on bulletin boards (including electronic ones), and any other device that transmits via written words or symbols.
Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages.
Nonverbal Communication = Communication without words
Types
• Repetition• Contradiction• Substitution• Complementing• Accenting
Nonverbal communication cues can play five roles:
Organizational Communication
Organizational communication, as a field, is the consideration, analysis, and criticism of the role of communication in organizational contexts. Its main function is to inform, persuade and promote goodwill.
2 types of communication network:•Formal•Informal
Formal communication refers to interchange of information officially. The flow of communication is controlled and is a deliberate effort.
Formal Communication
The way in which formal communication is done, is known as formal communication network. The three common formal small group networks are chain , wheel and all channel.
Comparison of Formal Small-Group Networks
The GrapevineInformal communication is also known as grapevine communication because there is no definite route of communication for sharing information.
3 main charecterestics are:• Not controlled by management• Perceived by most employees as being more believable• Serves the self interests of the people within it
A survey found that 75 percent of employees hear about matters first though rumors on the grapevine!
Electronic Communications
• Email: Computer generated texts and documents
• IM & TM: One or two liners.
• Video Conferencing: Real time online meetings with people at different locations.
• Blogs: Web logs about one's personal and professional experoences.
• Social Networking: LinkedIn etc.
Persuasive Communications• Factors controlling Persuasiveness of the message:
-Automatic and Controlled Processing
-Interest Level
-Prior Knowledge
-Personality
-Message Characteristics
Choice of Communication Channel
•Filtering •Selective Perception •Emotions •Language •Information Overload
A number of barriers can retard or distort effective communication. We are highlighting the most important ones.
• Communication Apprehension • Lying • Lack of interest
Barriers CONTD…..
• Filtering refers to a sender’s purposely manipulating information so the receiver will see it more favorably.
• For eg- A manager who tells his boss what he feels the boss wants to hear is filtering information.
FILTERING
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
It is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our personal needs.
It is a condition in which the information inflow exceeds an individual’s processing capacity
INFORMATION OVERLOAD
EMOTIONS
It is how the receiver feels at the time of receipt of a communication interprets how he or she interprets it.
LANGUAGE BARRIER
Even when we’re communicating in the same language, words mean different things to different people.
COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION
• Lots of people are scared of speaking in front of a group.• This is a serious problem as it affects a whole category of communication process.
LACK OF INTEREST
There are some things that we are not interested in at all. Now this could lead to a breakdown in communication
LYING
• The final barrier to effective communication is outright misrepresentation of information, or lying.
CULTURAL BARRIERS CONTD…
• barriers caused by semantics• barriers caused by word connotations• barriers caused by tone differences• differences in tolerance for conflict and
methods for resolving conflicts
Overcoming Communication Barriers: Making Communication effective
• Improve listening skills• Developing writing skills• Removing credibility gaps• Ensuring effective feedbacks
Overcoming Communication Barriers: Making Communication effective
• Creating simple organizational structures• Be clear about what to
communicate• Differing in perception• Semantic/ language barriers• Removing emotional constraints
