Thien Christian NguyenPrep #6Preparing to Participate: Chapter 9Importance of Outlining1. Why is outlining important? The process of outlining allows you to organize your ideas logically, giving you a better of the relationships among your ideas. For example, on topic of Syrian refuges, the process of outlining help me decide which aspects of the issue should be mentioned first. Is it logical to talk about the current situation of Syrian refugees or the political reasons that forced them to leave the country? The process also allows you to use your critical thinking skills to refine your ideas, identity where you need additional support, and determine if the body of the speech is balance For example, writing outline will help me know that I should find more credible sources to describe the process of assisting the refugees to settle down in the new countries. More importantly, if I spent the majority of my speech body to inform the audience about the reasons behind this socially important immigration, the outline would definitely be a great way for me to check the balance between several main points. The process is another reason behind better performance in class. For example, I always w my readings for every class in outlining notes format in order to have better understanding of what will be covered in class. These notes will extremely beneficial and time-saving when it comes to building study guide for exams.2. Think of a time when you have heard someone present a lecture or a speech. Could you identify the parts of the speech? Was the outline structure clear? If not, how could outlining help the speaker? I am going to use my professors lecture in my Business class as the example for this question. The lecture covers the topic of the court system in the U.S. The lecture includes the introduction (serves as an transition from the previous chapter), the body and the conclusion part (serves as a forecast of what is going to be covered in the next chapter) The body part is divided to several submain points, including the overview on court personnel (judges, jurors and lawyers), the organization of the court system (state courts, federal courts and the Supreme Court), the introduction to judicial review and two different schools of thought regarding the use of judicial review (judicial restraint and judicial activism). Since his lecture is based on the outline of the topic, the structure is extremely clear and easy for students to follow. Even though the professor offers lots of real-life experience and additional information, he only does that accordingly to what part of the lecture the class is covering at the moment. In other words, his oral lecture is also well-organized and structured similarly to the structure in the textbook. Because of the clear organization of his lecture, we usually get through a chapter in less than 45 minutes with full understanding of what the textbook offers and real-life cases. Since this is a night class, the clear outline is extremely useful.Developing a Preparation Outline3. What is a preparation outline? List the seven guidelines for developing a preparation outline. The outline you develop as you prepare for your speech is called a presentation outline Seven guidelines include: (1) Label the introduction, body and conclusion as separate elements: This will allow you to see if they are serving their intended functions. Fast check to help you identify whether you have included all of the elements required by your instructor Offer a better look at your speech that the three parts are smoothly related. (2) Use a consistent pattern of symbols. Consistent pattern will help you identify the different parts more easily and help you distinguish between the main points from sub points, from argument to supporting evidence. Two ways of organizing: Subordination which is the ranking of ideas to the most to the least important. Coordination arrangement of points into successive levels, with the points on the same level having the same importance and grammatical structure. (3) Include transitions: Transitions are critical to effective speech making Including transitions in the outline help you determine if you have overused a word or phrase (my personal overused phrase is moreover) or whether you should add an internal summary and/or review to clarify a point. (4) Integrate supporting material. It is important to balance the types of support used for each claim (statistics, testimony, personal examples and so on) (5) Provide a list of References. It is also important to you cite your sources orally in your speech. Citing sources accurately boosts your credibility and increase the likelihood that your audience will take your claims seriously. The outline will help your cite your sources more accurately and help you actually orally cite more easily. (6) Use Complete Sentence Fully stating your ideas will help you and your instructor evaluate the overall merits if the speech. Introduction to supporting material written in full sentences will increase your credibility and determine the extent to which you are fully citing them.4. Why is it important to use a consistent pattern of labeling and symbols? Why do you think it is important to write the preparation outline in complete sentences? It is important to use consistent pattern of labeling and symbols because they serve as the signals to different elements of the speech; it also helps you distinguish several levels of points and supporting materials. Psychologically, organized and uniformed outline will help you feel more prepared and more confident in what you have to offer to audience. It is also to write the preparation outline in complete sentence because it will be easier for you and your instructors evaluate the overall quality and credibility of your speech. Moreover, in my opinion, writing your points in full sentence will help you decide whether your transitions are appropriately use and whether your speech sounds like natural conversation rather than rigid textbook style.Developing a Speaking Outline5. What is a speaking outline? List the four suggestions in the text for developing a speaking outline A speaking outline is a brief outline that helps you remember key points as you are speaking. The speaking also frequently contains delivery notes that remind you when to adjust your rate, tone, movement, and so on. Four suggestion include: You should use the same framework used in the preparation outline so that you can track exactly where you are in the speech at any given moment. It is important that your outline is legible because speaking form messy can be difficult. Your speaking outline should be as brief as possible because it will help you establish eye contact with your audience. However, the key words should be fully included so that it can help prompt you for full thoughts when you are looking down at your notes. You can include delivery notes in the speaking outline since it will provide cues that will help you control the overall pace of your speech. These cues may be included through the practice of the speech, where you realize that alternating the delivery might enhance the effectiveness of the presentation.6. What is the difference between a speaking outline and preparation outline? Why is it necessary to do both? What happens if you put too much information on your speaking outline?

PREPARATION OUTLINESPEAKING OUTLINE

FORMAT Very detailed, includes the title, introduction, main points, sub points, conclusions, transitions, supporting materials and list of reference. The main points and sub points are written in full sentences. Brief outline with only keywords to state main points and sub points. Can include delivery notes to provides speaking cues (eye contact, gesture, tone)

FUNCTIONS Firms up your thesis statement Establishes and organize your main points, and Develops your supporting material. Should be revisited and revised throughout speech preparation. Covers the main points and aids the speaker's memory Serves guide for the speaker on how to time and pace the delivery of the speech.

It is necessary to do both because two outlines serve to different functions, which eventually improve your performance and the quality of your speech. Preparation outline helps you develop your speech, improves its quality and enhances your credibility as a speak For example, the preparation outline will help me organize what aspects of the Syrian diaspora to be included and what supporting material to be integrated into the speech. Speaking outline aids your memory with the speech, improves the way you deliver your speech. For example, the speaking outline will help me identify when to change my tone of voice to emphasize important points or when to make eye contact with the audience/ Speaking outline is supposed to be brief; therefore, too much information on speaking note will: Distract the speaker from actually speaking and engaging with audience. Make the speaker feel that it is necessary to read from his/her note rather than conveying those points to audience. Speakers tend to remember what is on their speaking notes; therefore, if there was too much information, they would try to remember it word by word. This is the bad thing since nervousness during speech can make you become forgetful.

Media Interaction: Chapter 9Purdue Owl Writing1. What are the principles of outlining found on this site? (1) Parallelism: Each heading and subheading should have the same grammatical structure. For example I. OVERVIEW ON THE POLITAL FORCE BEHIND SYRIAN DIASPORA II. ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES (2) Coordination: All the information contained in heading 1 should be equally important as the information in the next heading. The same principles applies to subheadings (they should equally important, but less significant than the headings) (3) Subordination: The information in the headings should be more general, while the information in the subheadings should be more specific. For example II. ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES A. Economic situation B. Social situation C. Health situation, especially children (4) Division: Each heading should be divided into 2 or more parts. 2. How is this approach to outlining different than the sample provided in your textbook? The second and third principle are mentioned in the textbook The first and the last one are not mentioned; however, I dont think they are different approach from what provided in the textbook since both of them are very useful in helping you develop the very detailed outline. 3. Do the various formats change the content of the speech? If so, how? I dont think format change the content of the speech because no matter how different between each of these formats, your speech must include certain numbers of element and it also follows the requirements from your instructors. However, it is ones responsibility to find the format that works best for their writing and speaking style. Style Wizard. 1. What do these various styles have in common? Some similarities between two styles All information used in the paper must be in the reference page or works cited Both use parenthetical citations within the body of the paper Citations are listed alphabetically Quotes are integrated smoothly and there are transitions to help writer achieve this. 2. How are they different? Some differences between two styles: In APA: Works cited is last name, first initial (Nguyen, C); in MLA, works cited is cited last name, first name (Nguyen, Christian) In APA: When information is cited and the authors name is not listed, place the authors last name and the publishing year. for example (Nguyen, 2015); in MLA, the citation is last name followed by the page number, for example (Nguyen 12) In APA: Quotes 40 words or more are intended one tab; In MLA, quotes 4 lines or longer are indented 2 tabs over 3. Why is it important to follow one of these styles? It is very important to follow one of these styles because: (1) either of these styles is requirement for any documents written by an individual in scholarly environment to show respect to the authors of the works you are using. (2) It is also important to follow the style that your instructor requires for your class in order to create uniformity and help you build credibility to the audience, which is your class. Page 4 of 4