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Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand Pawinee Doung-ngern, MD, MPH, PhD, Community Diseases Unit, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control 1

Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Page 1: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand

Pawinee Doung-ngern, MD, MPH, PhD,

Community Diseases Unit, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control

1

Page 2: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Surveillance system in Thailand

Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958

Officially established as Division of Epidemiology, Permanent Secretary Office, in 1972

Bureau of epidemiology has reallocated to Department of Disease Control in October 2002

Responsible mainly on national disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and training for field epidemiologists

National diseases surveillance:

Communicable diseases surveillance

Non-communicable diseases surveillance

Injury surveillance

Occupational diseases surveillance

Page 3: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Communicable disease unit

Passive surveillance for communicable diseases

except STI/ TB/ Malaria

Laboratory surveillance for important diseases

Special surveillance for diseases in elimination or

eradication program – measles & AFP

Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI)

Page 4: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Communicable Diseases Surveillance in Thailand

Passive surveillance (R506)• 70 diseases under surveillance• 8 groups

1. CNS infection2. Vector borne diseases3. Vaccine preventable diseases/AEFI4. Zoonotic diseases5. Respiratory illness6. Food and water borne diseases7. STI 8. Others

• TB and HIV surveillance systems are responsible by different bureau

• Data to be collected: demographic information, date of onset, hospital, outcome of treatment

4

Food and water borne diseases Vaccine preventable diseases

Diarrhoea Chickenpox

Food_Poisoning Measles

Dysentery,Amoebic Mumps

Dysentery,Bacillary AEFI

Mushroom poisoning Rubella

Typhoid Measles c Complication

Paratyphoid AFP

Cholera Pertussis

Botulism Tetanus exc.Neo.

Respiratory diseases Diphtheria

Pneumonia Tetanus neonatorum

Influenza Poliomyelitis

Avian Influenza Zoonoses

CNS infection Scrub Typhus

Meningitis,uns. Leptospirosis

Encephalitis uns. Streptococcus suis

Eosinophilic Meningitis Rabies

Japanese B encephalitis Brucellosis

Meningococcal Meningitis Trichinosis

Vector borne diseases Anthrax

DHF+DSS+DF STI

Dengue fever Other STI

D.H.F. Gonorrhoea

Malaria Syphilis

D.H.F.shock syndrome Condyloma Acuminata

Zika virus N.S.U./V

Chikungunya Genital Herpes Simplex

Filariasis Chancroid

Others L.G.V.&other&unsp.V.D.

PUO Vaginal trichomoniasis

H.conjunctivitis Genital Molluscum Contagiosum

HFM Pediculosis Pubis

Scarlet fever Hepatitis

Melioidosis HepatitisB

Hepatitis_uns. HepatitisC

Leprosy HepatitisA

Enterovirus Fever HepatitisE

Kala azar HepatitisD

Page 5: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Flowchart of Agencies in the National Surveillance System

5

Page 6: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

ระบบเฝาระวงทางระบาดวทยาโรคตดตอทวไป

1. โรคตดตอจากสตวสคน

2. โรคทางเดนอาหารและน า

3. โรคตดตอนาโดยแมลง

4. โรคของระบบประสาทสวนกลาง

5. โรคทปองกนไดดวยวคซน และอาการไมพงประสงคภายหลงการไดรบวคซน

6. โรคตดตอระบบทางเดนหายใจ

7. โรคจากการสมผส

8. โรคตดเช อในสถานพยาบาล (New)

Page 7: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Weekly summary report of surveillance data

7

Page 8: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Monthly surveillance report

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Page 9: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Annual epidemiological report of surveillance data

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Page 10: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Relies on the

cooperation

Health-care providers

Laboratories

Hospitals

Health facilities

Private practitioners

Report

Receive Compiled Analyzed Monitor

IdentifyFeedback

Challenge

- Difficult to ensure timeliness,

sensitivity, and completeness

of data

- No laboratory data

- Limited information on risk factors

Page 11: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Why laboratory surveillance?

67 Infectious diseases under National Notifiable Disease Surveillance (R.506) – less than 10% diseases had laboratory confirm

Not sufficient information to understand the etiology of the diseases

Sentinel laboratory surveillance of some important diseases have been launched in collaboration with the Thai National Institute of Health, Chulalongkorn University, and selected community/provincial hospitals

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Page 12: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Objectives

Understand the etiology and describe the epidemiology

of the selected diseases:

- Hand foot mouth diseases, influenza, encephalitis,

and diarrhea

Output

Weekly and annual report

Expected outcomes

- To better understand and respond to the emerging

and re-emerging infectious diseases in a timely fashion

- To provide scientific information for policy makers for better

prevention strategies

12

Page 13: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

เหนอเชยงใหม- สนปาตอง- ฝาง- นครพงคเชยงราย- เชยงรายฯ- แมจนตาก- แมสอด

พะเยา

นาน

- นาน

- ทาวงผาสโขทย

กลางกทม.-พญาไท3-พระมงกฎฯ-ตากสนฯอยธยา- อยธยา- เสนานนทบรลพบรกาญจนบรราชบรจนทบรเพชรบร

40 hospitals from 30 provinces

ตะวนออกเฉยงเหนอ

นครราชสมา- ครบร- ดานขนทดหนองคายอดรธานนครพนมยโสธรมกดาหารสกลนครมหาสารคามเลย

ใตประจวบครขน

ธ- ประจวบฯ- หวหน

นครศรธรรมราช

สราษฏรธาน

- สราษฎรธาน

- เกาะสมย

ตรง

สตล

สงขลา

ภเกต

Sentinel sites: hospital based

Page 14: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Diseases under surveillance

14

Syndrome/disease

Year launched

Focus pathogen Laboratory Laboratory method

Encephalitis 2014 Both viruses and some important bacteria

- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital*- AFRIMS**

- Realtime PCR

- Serology test for JE, Dengue

Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

2015 Viruses - King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital*

Realtime PCR

Respiratory illness Jan 2016 Influenza - Thai – National Institute of Health

Realtime PCR

Diarrhea Jan 2018 Viruses - King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital*

Realtime PCR

*Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases - Health Science CentreWHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University** AFRIMS: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences

Page 15: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Flow of the laboratory surveillance system

Focal point of each hospital contact

BOE staff in order to have

specimen transported to the lab

Any suspected case who met

the case definition was detected

and investigated

BOE staff contact the transportation

company to pick up the specimen

at the hospital

Laboratory investigation

using Real time PCR

Laboratory staff send out the

laboratory result to BOE focal pointBOE staff enter data into the program BOE notified CDCU/SRRT

in order to conduct field

investigation if necessary

BOE staff analyse and report the

result weekly, and annually

to all stakeholders

Page 16: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Your Footer Here 16

Hand Foot and Mouth Diseases

Page 17: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Target pop

- Children age ≤ 5 yr

- Regardless of nationality

- Visited either OPD/IPD

Severe symptoms

Fever, dyspnea, and have sign or symptom of CNS involvement regardless

of HFM lesion

Fever with suspected lesion for

HFM/Herpangina, with vomiting, dyspnea,

drowsy, or CNS involvement

Mild symptoms

Suspected HFM/ Herpangina

Flow of HFM surveillance

Samples ( e.g., Throat swab/ tracheal suction/CSF) will be collected and sent to laboratory at Chulalongkorn Hospital for PCR testing

Page 18: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Page 19: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Page 20: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Your Footer Here 20

Encephalitis

Page 21: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Target pop- All ages, all nationality, all gender- Symptoms/sign

- Doctor suspected encephalitis/meningitis/meningoencephalitis or;

- Fever with at least 2 symptoms: headache, confusion or unconscious, convulsion

Serum 2 cc CSF

• Contact BOE staff who is responsible for encephalitis for specimen transportation• Laboratory testing will be performed at two laboratory

• CSF samples will be tested using realtime PCR at Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases - Health Science Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University

Flow of laboratory surveillance for encephalitis cases

Page 22: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

จ ำนวนตวอยำงผปวยสมองอกเสบทสงตรวจทำงหองปฏบตกำร ป 2557 - 2561

22

Page 23: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Percent of laboratory result of encephalitis cases by pathogen and region, 1st Oct 2016 – 30th Sep 2017

84/491 (17.1%) had laboratory positive

Page 24: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Your Footer Here 24

Influenza surveillance

Page 25: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

25

Criteria 1 Criteria 2 Criteria 3

Influenza Like Illness: ILI

• Age ≥ 2 months who

has

– Fever or feel like

having high grade

fever with

– Cough in the past 5

days or

– Doctor suspect

influenza

Severe Acute Respiratory

Infection: SARI

• Age ≥ 2 months who has

• Fever with

• Respiratory illness

including

– Cough in the past 5

days

– Dyspnea

• Hospitalized

Pneumonia

• Patients with

doctor’s

diagnosis of

Pneumonia

(Community

Acquired

Pneumonia:

CAP)

Two target populations:- Influenza Like Illness (ILI) - OPD case- Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) –

Pneumonia - IPD case

Page 26: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Flow of influenza

surveillance

No intubation On intubation

Contact the responsible staff before sending

Collect throat swab, nasal

swab to VTM tube

Patients who meet surveillance case definition

Fever ≥ 38 °C with cough, or ILI,

or suspected influenza

Collect Tracheal secretion

in sterile tube

Patient with SARI or CAP and admitted

to the hospital

Keep in the ice box or refrigeration at 4 °C, label, and fill in the form

Real time RT-PCR for influenza type A/H1, H3 และ B

Report the lab result back to the hospital by fax/email within 48 hours 26

Page 27: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Page 28: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

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Page 29: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Your Footer Here 29

Acute diarrhea

Page 30: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Why viral diarrhea?

What is the burden of rota virus diarrhea in Thailand ? Why the disease is severe in adult?

Page 31: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Definition and flow of acute diarrheasurveillance

Any patients regardless of their age and nationality presented at the hospital with acute diarrhea*

Collect stool specimen (4-8 gram)

Conduct case investigation

31

Notify BOE staff to arrange for specimen transportation

*Acute diarrhea: • Loose stool 3 times or more, or• At leas t1 time of watery or mucous diarrhea

Page 32: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Number and percent of pathogen identified among acute diarrhea patients,

18th Jan 2018 – 17th Mar 2018

List Pathogen Number %

1 Rotavirus 292 66.4

2 Norovirus G II 70 15.9

3 Sapo virus 26 5.9

4 Noro virus G I 21 4.8

5 Astro virus 16 3.6

6 Adeno virus 15 3.4

*remark: some patients had positive result for more than 1 pathogen

A total of 406 samples were collected, and 333 (82%) had positive results

Page 33: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

จ านวนตวอยางทตรวจพบเชอโครงการเฝาระวงเชอไวรสกอโรคอจจาระรวงของส านก ระบาดวทยา จ าแนกรายเดอน ระหวางวนท18 มกราคม 2561 – 4 กมภาพนธ 2562

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Page 34: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Flowchart of Agencies in the National Surveillance System

34

Outbreak/ abnormal events

DDC hotline

Local SRRT

Detect

Response

Region: Situation Awareness Team (SAT)

Central: Situation Awareness Team (SAT)

Page 35: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

โรคทตองก าจด กวาดลาง

• Three indicators were considered to be of primary importance for disease eradication and elimination: – An effective intervention is available to interrupt transmission of the

agent;

– Practical diagnostic tools with sufficient sensitivity and specificity are available to detect levels of infection that can lead to transmission;

– Humans are essential for the life-cycle of the agent, which has no other vertebrate reservoir and does not amplify in the environment.

35

Elimination Eradication

Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts; continued intervention measures are required. Example: neonatal tetanus.

Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed. Example: smallpox

Page 36: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

กำรเฝำระวง Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP)

36

หากพบเหนเดกอายต ากวา 15 ป

มอาการแขนขาไมมแรงยนเดนไมได

Polio Eradication Program

Page 37: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Global situation of poliomyelitis as of September 2018

http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/

Page 38: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

แนวทำงกำรด ำเนนงำนเฝำระวง AFP

แพทย/ พยาบาลตรวจพบผปวยแขนขาออนแรงเฉยบพลน

งานระบาดวทยาเพอทาการสอบสวนโรคและเกบอจจาระ ภายใน 48 ชวโมงรวมถงตดตามเกบอจจาระคร งท 2 ภายใน 24 - 48 หลงจากการเกบอจจาระคร งแรก

ระบาดวทยาท สสจ.

สครสานกระบาดวทยากรมวทยาศาสตรการแพทย

แจง

แจง และสงแบบสอบสวนโรค

แจง และสงแบบสอบสวนโรคทางอเมลท [email protected] หรอโทรสาร 025901784

แจง และสงแบบสอบสวนโรค

สงตวอยาง

Page 39: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

แนวทำงกำรด ำเนนงำนเฝำระวง AFPกำรคนหำผปวย AFP• Zero reporting

– เจาหนาทระบาดวทยาของโรงพยาบาลตรวจสอบวามผปวยแขนขาออนแรงเฉยบพลนทไมใชจากการบาดเจบหรอไม (โดยไมคานงถงการวนจฉยแพทย) ทหอผปวยใน และบนทกขอมลลงใน zero report form ประจาสปดาหสงไปท สสจ.

– สสจ.รวบรวมสงมาท [email protected]

• Active search– ใชระบบคอมพวเตอรคนหาผปวยทอายตากวา

15 ป ทปวยเปนโรคตามรหส ICD 10 ในชวง 3 เดอนกอน

– ทบทวนเวชระเบยนผปวย หากผปวยมอาการแขนขาออนแรงเฉยบพลนจรง ใหทาการตดตามผปวย เพอสอบสวนโรคและเกบอจจาระตรวจ

– สงแบบสอบถามและตวอยางกลบมาตามแนวทางการเฝาระวงโรค

Disease ICD10

1 AFP G82, G82.0,G82.3

2 Acute anterior poliomyelitis A80

3 Acute myelopathy G95.9

4 Guillain-Barre sydrome G61.0

5 Acute demyelinating neuropathy G36.9

6 Acute axonal neuropathy G58, G58.9

7 Peripheral neuropathy G62.9

8 Acute intermittent porphyria E80.2

9 Critical illness neuropathy G58, G58.8

10 Myasthenia Gravis G70.0

11 Botulism A05.1

12 Insecticide intoxication T60

13 Tick paralysis T63.4

14 Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy G72.4

15 Trichinosis G75

16 Hypokalemic, Hyperkalemic paralysis G72.3

17 Traumatic neuritis M79.2

18 Transverse myelitis G37.3

19 Myalgia M79.1

20 Weakness (Malaise,Fatigue) R53

21 Hemiplegia G80.2, G81

22 Acute paralytic poliomyelitis, vaccine-associated A80.0

23 Acute paralytic poliomyelitis, wild virus, imported A80.1

24 Acute paralytic poliomyelitis, wild virus, indigenous A80.2

25 Acute paralytic poliomyelitis, other and unspecified A80.3

26 Acute nonparalytic poliomyelitis A80.4

27 Acute poliomyelitis, unspecified A80.9

28 Flaccid hemiplegia G81.0

29 Paraplegia, unspecified G82.2

30 Tetraplegia, unspecified G82.5

31 Other paralytic syndromes G83

32 Diplegia of upper limbs G83.0

33 Monoplegia of lower limb G83.1

34 Monoplegia of upper limb G83.2

35 Monoplegia, unspecified G83.3

36 Paralytic syndrome, unspecified G83.9

37 Other diseases of spinal cord G95

ตารางแสดง ICD-10 lists ทอาจมอาการ AFP

Page 40: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

AFP rate and percent of adequate stool specimen collection, 2010 – 16th Aug 2018

2.16

2.00

2.37

1.95 1.99

1.56

2.13

1.85

0.85

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Percent of adequate Stool AFP Rate

เกณฑข นตาของ AFP rate 2/100,000 ประชากรอายตากวา 15 ป

เกณฑข นตาของการเกบอจจาระใหไดตามเปาหมาย รอยละ 80

Page 41: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

AFP rate

2555 2556 2557 2558

2559 2560 2561

Jan-Aug

Page 42: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

กำรเฝำระวงไขออกผนหรอผปวยสงสยหด Measles Elimination Program

42

2514

เรมดาเนนการงานเฝาระวงหด ใน รง.506

เรมรายงานฐานขอมลกาจดหด Measles Elimination program (ME)

2554 2555 2563

ประชมสมชชาอนามยโลกรบรองแผนโครงการกาจดหด

ต งเปาไวทวโลกจะมการกาจดหดสาเรจ

Page 43: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

WHO: แนวทำงกำรด ำเนนกำรและจดกลมผปวยสอบสวนโรคผปวยทกราย เกบตวอยางเลอดหรอ Throat swab

สงตรวจ

จดกลมผปวยการตรวจตวอยางดวยวธ ELISA/ PCR

ผลตรวจทางหองปฏบตการหรอผลจากการสอบสวนโรค

ผปวยไข รวมกบผน maculopapular rash หรอแพทยสงสยหด หดเยอรมน

Suspected case

Adequate specimen

Laboratory positive

Laboratory confirmed

case

Laboratory negative

Discarded: non-measles non-rubella

No/ in adequate specimen

Epidemiologically linked to lab confirmed case

Epidemiologically confirmed case

No epidemiological

linkage

Clinically compatible case

Discarded: non-measles non-

rubella

Flow chart of classification for suspected measles: WHO

- แนวทางการตรวจทางหองปฏบตการคอ ตรวจ Serology for measles กอน หากผลเปนลบจะตรวจ rubella- การรายงานผล: positive, negative, equivocal

Page 44: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

ตวช วดความสาเรจและเปาหมายของการกาจดโรคหด

Page 45: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

นยำมตำมองคกำรอนำมยโลก

ผปวยทตองเฝำระวง/ผปวยสงสย (Suspect) ผปวยไข รวมกบมผนนนแดง (maculopapular rash) หรอแพทยสงสยวาเปนหดหรอ

หดเยอรมน ผปวยยนยนทำงหองปฏบตกำร (Laboratory confirmed)

ผปวยสงสยทมผลยนยนทางหองปฏบตการทไดรบการรบรองจากองคการอนามยโลก หรอผานการรบรองโดยหองปฏบตการทไดรบรองจาองคการอนามยโลก

ผปวยยนยนทำงระบำดวทยำ (Epidemiological confirmed) ผปวยสงสย ทมผลการตรวจทางหองปฏบตการเปนลบหรอไมไดตรวจทาง

หองปฏบตการ แตมความเชอมโยงทางระบาดวทยากบผปวยยนยน ผปวยทมอำกำรเขำไดกบหด (Clinical compatible with measles)

มไข และมผนนนแดง (Maculopapular rash) รวมกบอาการอยางนอยหนงอาการตอไปน ไอ (cough), มน ามก (Coryza), เยอบตาแดง (Conjunctivitis) ทไมไดรบการเกบตวอยางและไมมความเชอมโยงทางระบาดวทยากบผปวยยนยน

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กำรตรวจทำงหองปฏบตกำร

วธกำรตรวจ

หองปฏบตการ กรมวทยาศาสตรการแพทย และศนยวทยาศาสตรการแพทยทกแหง

หองปฏบตกำร

Serology test: จำกตวอยำงซรม Measles

IgM ดวยวธ ELISA ใหผลบวก

Antigen detection: จำกตวอยำง Throat

swab/ nasal swab

ตรวจพบสำรพนธกรรมของเชอ

ไวรสดวย Polymerase Chain Reaction

(PCR)

เพำะเชอจำกสำรคดหลงทำงเดน

หำยใจจำกตวอยำง Throat swab หรอ

nasal swab

Page 47: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

WHO: แนวทำงกำรด ำเนนกำรและจดกลมผปวยสอบสวนโรคผปวยทกราย เกบตวอยางเลอดหรอ Throat swab

สงตรวจ

จดกลมผปวยการตรวจตวอยางดวยวธ ELISA/ PCR

ผลตรวจทางหองปฏบตการหรอผลจากการสอบสวนโรค

ผปวยไข รวมกบผน maculopapular rash หรอแพทยสงสยหด หดเยอรมน

Suspected case

Adequate specimen

Laboratory positive

Laboratory confirmed

case

Laboratory negative

Discarded: non-measles non-rubella

No/ in adequate specimen

Epidemiologically linked to lab confirmed case

Epidemiologically confirmed case

No epidemiological

linkage

Clinically compatible case

Discarded: non-measles non-

rubella

Flow chart of classification for suspected measles: WHO

- แนวทางการตรวจทางหองปฏบตการคอ ตรวจ Serology for measles กอน หากผลเปนลบจะตรวจ rubella- การรายงานผล: positive, negative, equivocal

Page 48: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Adverse Event Following Immunization Surveillance

Page 49: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially
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Impact of AEFI on Immunization programs

Page 51: Communicable diseases surveillance system in Thailand · Surveillance system in Thailand Epidemiology division worked under the Department of Sanitary and Hygiene since 1958 Officially

Thank you for your attention

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