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Common insect orders
Parts of an insect
Head Thorax Abdomen
3 pairs of legs Wings and legs on thorax
Important areas to study to identify common insect orders
Head Thorax Abdomen
3 pairs of legs
Mouthparts: Chewing
mandibles
mandibles
Mouthparts:
Piercing
Sucking
Sponging-sucking
Coiled
Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
Greek “odon” = tooth (referring to teeth on their mandibles)
Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies)
Spot ID • Long slender wings • Long thin body
Blattodea (roaches) Latin “blatta” = cockroach
Blattodea (roaches)
Spot ID • Flat • Spiny legs • Long antennae
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) Greek “orthos” = straight, “pteros” = wing
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets)
Spot ID • Jumping hind legs • Some with ovipositor at hind
end
Dermaptera (earwigs) Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing
Spot ID • Long skin-like hindwings folded
under very short forewings • Pinchers off end of abdomen
Hemiptera (bugs, hoppers, aphids, scales, cicadas)
Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts • Forewings covering hindwings
– Wing half membrane, half thickened or – Wing all membranous
Coleoptera (beetles)
Greek “koleos”= sheath, “ptero”= wing
Coleoptera (beetles)
Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Forewings (elytra)
form hard shell covering hindwings (membranous)
Diptera (flies) Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing
Diptera (flies)
Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings
– Hind wings reduced to halteres
• Sponging-sucking mouthparts – Except mosquitoes
and some others that pierce skin
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or
Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined together
with small hooks
Hooks not shown
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings • Waist often constricted • Females with ovipositor or
stinger at end of abdomen
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)
Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths)
Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
• Coiling-sucking mouthparts • Four wings covered with scales