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Monitoring Programs and
Common Forest Birds of
Minnesota
“You’ll learn the things you never knew, you never
knew” -
Vanessa Williams from “Pocahontas” – Colors of the Wind
Ecological
Services
Division of Fish
& Wildlife
(game spp.)
Forest Wildlife Populations &
Research Group (Grand Rapids)
Farmland Wildlife Populations &
Research Group (Madelia)
Wetland Wildlife Populations &
Research Group (Bemidji)
Central Office (St. Paul) &
Biometrics Group (Carlos Avery WMA)
Minnesota County Biological Survey
Monitoring & Control
Natural Heritage & Nongame Research
Nongame Wildlife Program
Scientific & Natural Areas
Monitoring for Tomorrow’s Habitat
-Approach
• Statewide
• Comprehensive
• Focus on key habitats
• Identify a common set of
indicators
• Integrate existing
information
• Fill monitoring gaps
• Amount
• Quality
• Associated species in greatest
conservation need
• Prairies, surrogate
grasslands,
savannas
• Key river reaches
• Lakeshores
• Wetlands
• Upland & lowland
coniferous forest
KEY HABITATS
Forest Wildlife Research Group
Prairie-chicken Lek Survey (1960‟s, 1974-2003, 2004-2006)
Sharp-tailed Grouse Lek Survey (1940‟s, 1976-2006)
Ruffed Grouse Drumming Survey (1949-1981, 1982-2006)
Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey
1968-1971 (archives) & 1972-2006 (digital)
May 1-25 (focus on breeding mallards in Prairie
and Transition zones)
115 aerial transects (0.25-mi wide)
Double sampling (14 air-ground segments) to
estimate visibility corrections
Estimated total ducks (by species) and May
ponds in sampling frame
Annual report (MNDNR public website)
Steve Cordts (MNDNR, Bemidji)
Statewide Bald Eagle Surveys
• Statewide surveys every 5 years:
2000 & 2005 completed
Statewide Bald Eagle SurveyNumber of known active bald eagles in Minnesota 1973 - 2005
Northern Goshawk Project 2003-Present
– Surveys for goshawk in new areas in NE
Minnesota
– Monitoring an average of 64 nests per year
– Habitat assessment and management plans for
territories
Minnesota Loon Monitoring Program
– 1989 Loon Survey
• 12, 052 + 1398 adult loons in
Minnesota
– Developed monitoring program in 1994
because:• Historical declines have occurred
• Minnesota contains over 50% of breeding adults in the lower
48 states
• Current anthropogenic threats exist
• People care about loons.
Piping Plover and Common Tern
Monitoring
– The Lake of the Woods area is the only remaining
breeding site for piping plovers in Minnesota.
– Nesting common terns are also assessed annually
Minnesota County Biological
SurveyBreeding bird surveys
MCBS Statewide 1988-2006breeding season bird surveys
• 69 counties completed
– +5 partially
completed
• 5,431 survey locations
– 4,454 point counts
– 977 species lists
• 73,000+ bird records
Animap : MCBS common animal data
Minnesota Owl Survey Routes
• In 2005, 51 MFTCS
routes used to
conduct owl surveys.
• 31 new routes added
to initial study area in
2006.
• In 2007, remainder of
MFTCS routes added
in state (~86).
Wisconsin Owl Survey Routes
• Used BBS routes to
survey for owls.
• Approximately 91
routes exist in the
state.
• Addition of new
routes under
consideration.
For more information:
-Check out the WBCI website:
www.wisconsinbirds.org
-Check out the Hawk Ridge
Bird Observatory
website:
www.HawkRidge.org
OR
Photo credit: www.michaelfurtman.com
HAPET Bird Monitoring
in Minnesota
Diane Granfors, USFWS
BCM Breeding Bird Inventory and Monitoring Workshop
Duluth February 14-15 2007
Pairs = 2.718[-0.63+0.55(lnsize)+a]
Playback List
5-minutes silence
Black Rail
Least Bittern
Yellow Rail
Sora
Virginia Rail
King Rail
American Bittern
Pied-billed Grebe
SECRETIVE MARSHBIRD SURVEYS
2002: 31 plots – 2 reps (morn, eve)
2003: 9 routes – 2 reps
2004: 11 routes – 3 reps
2005: 6 routes – 3 reps
2006: 11 routes – 3 reps
Rex Johnson
SECRETIVE MARSHBIRD SURVEYS
Christmas Bird Counts-
68 COUNT CIRCLES IN 2005
What is MAPS?• The World Bird Population
Institute (WBPI) investigates the reasons why bird populations change.
• The MAPS project is a part of the WBPI
• The Monitoring Avain Productivity Success (MAPS) studies birds while they nest in the spring. Birds are temporarily caught and then released. Scientists estimate the number of birds born and that survive into adulthood from this information
Check out are Web site
www.birdpop.com
Breeding Bird Surveyhttp://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs
• 3,100+ routes across US and Canada (random – systematic)
• ~80 roadside routes in Minnesota
• Experienced volunteers
• 24.5 mile routes, 3 min stops every 0.5 mile
Where?
House Finch
• Western species
• Introduced on Long Island in 1940
• Rapid growth in numbers with expanding
geographic range in Eastern US
• Expansion detrimental to native Purple
Finch
House Finch
Eastern US
Purple Finch
Eastern US
Breeding Bird Atlas
• 5 Years to complete, 2008 = Year 1
• Will survey all townships in MN and record
all breeding bird activity
• ANYONE can participate
• Website:
Minnesota‟s Forest Bird
Diversity Initiative• Funded by National
Forest System
• Program Leader –– Lee Pfannmuller
– Head, Ecological Services Division, MN DNR;
– Dr. Jerry Niemi, NRRI, UMD
“Forest songbird conservationefforts should be directed at…the largest tracts of forest suchas the Smokies, Adirondaks, and the North Woods of Minnesotaand Maine.”
John Terborgh, “Why AmericanSongbirds are Vanishing”Scientific American - May 1992
Reasons/Objectives to Initiate Regional
Monitoring
• Conduct off-road, habitat-specific monitoring
• Better our understanding of bird-habitat relationships
• Link population trends with habitat and landscape changes
•
Monitoring Design
• Proportional-stratified but restricted random design – „proportional‟ with available habitat and „restricted‟ by logistics
• 10-minute point counts (subdivided by 3 and 5 min) with about 12 points per morning
• Experienced (tested for song ID and hearing ability) and trained (standardize field methods for 3-4 days) observers
Monitoring Design Continued
• All birds seen or heard are identified from point – a concerted effort made to eliminate double-counting
• We use those individuals detected within 100 m in trend estimates - > 90 % of all observations
• > 1600 points censused annually
General Summary of Results –
1991 to 2007
• 24,500 surveys
• 377,000 birds observed
• 175 species
• 73 species tested for trends in 2007
Internet
www.nrri.umn.edu/mnbirds
Common Forest Birds of northern MN/WI –
NRRI/U of MN Forest Bird Monitoring 1991-2007
Rank Species Count
1 Ovenbird 48811
2 Red-eyed Vireo 37423
3 Nashville Warbler 20016
4 White-throated Sparrow 17786
5 Chestnut-sided Warbler 16422
6 Veery 13537
7 Least Flycatcher 10183
8 Hermit Thrush 9905
9 Blue Jay 9630
10 Black-throated Green Warbler 8216
11 American Robin 8028
12 Common Yellowthroat 7140
13 Mourning Warbler 6080
14 Rose-breasted Grosbeak 5799
15 American Redstart 5539
16 Black-capped Chickadee 5128
17 Winter Wren 4988
18 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 4956
19 Blackburnian Warbler 4926
20 American Crow 4872
Increased in one
national forest
Increased in two
national forests
Increased in three
national forests
American Goldfinch American Redstart
Red-breasted
Nuthatch
Black-and-white Warbler Black-capped Chickadee
Blackburnian Warbler Cedar Waxwing
Brown Creeper Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Black-throated Blue Warbler Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
May Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Hairy Woodpecker
Indigo Bunting
Magnolia Warbler
Red-eyed Vireo
White-breasted Nuthatch
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Northern Flicker
Yellow Warbler
Summary of species with increasing trends (P ≤
0.05) on three national forests (1991-2008).
Decreased in one
national forest
Decreased in two
national forests
Decreased in three
national forests
American Crow Great Crested Flycatcher Eastern Wood-Pewee
American Robin Yellow-rumped Warbler Hermit Thrush
Blue-headed Vireo Veery Ovenbird
Brewer‟s Blackbird Scarlet Tanager
Brown Thrasher
Brown-headed Cowbird Winter Wren
Black-throated Green Warbler
Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
Evening Grosbeak
Mourning Warbler
Warbler
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Ruffed Grouse
Red-winged Blackbird
Song Sparrow
Tennessee Warbler
White-breasted Nuthatch
Summary of species with decreasing trends on
three national forests (1991-2008).
Ovenbird
Ovenbird Breeding Habitat
• Mature deciduous
and coniferous forest
• Most abundant in
forests with an open
understory
• Long-distance
migrant
Red-eyed Vireo
Nashville Warbler
White-throated Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow breeding habitat
• Recent 3-20 year old
logged areas
• Black spruce/tamarack
forested wetlands
• Requires thick coniferous
understory
• Species over-winters in
southern United States
Chestnut-sided
Warbler
Veery
Least Flycatcher
Hermit Thrush
Blue Jay
Black-throated
Green Warbler
American Robin
Common Yellowthroat
Mourning Warbler
Rose-breasted
Grosbeak
Winter Wren
Black-capped
Chickadee
American Redstart
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Blackburnian Warbler
American Crow
Northern Goshawk
Boreal
Chickadee