Upload
krystal-cowley-miller
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 1/42
COMMON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF
CHILDHOOD
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 2/42
CHICKEN POX CHICKEN POX INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
13 ± 17 days
Varicella zost er viru sVaricella zost er viru s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 3/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS : :
S ligh t f e ver, m alai s e, an o rexia
Ra s h is p ruri tic, b egin s a s m acule, then p a p ule, and then ve s icle with s ucce ss ive cr ops of all three st age sp re s en t a t any tim e
Ly mp haden op a thy
Ele va ted te mp era ture
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 4/42
TRANSMISSION DIRECT CONTACT
DROP LETS
PRAYCONTAMINATED ARTIC LES
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 5/42
Iso la tio n un til all ve s icle s are cru st ed
Comm unica b le f r om 2 day s b e fo re ra s h
Avo id u s e of Asp irin due to a sso cia tio n of its u s e with Reye¶ s s yndr om e
Us e Tylen o lTr op ical a pp lica tio n of C ala m ine lot io n o r
b aking so da b a th s
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 6/42
Chicken po x Vaccine (Vari vax)
In the Uni ted S ta te s , children recei ve two d os e sof t he varicella vaccine ² t he f ir st b e tw een
age s 12 and 15 mo n th s and the s ec o nd b e tw een age s 4 and 6 year s ² a s p ar t of t he r o u tine childh oo d imm uni za tio n s chedule.
PREVENTION PREVENTION
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 7/42
DIPHTHERIADIPHTHERIA
INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
2 ± 5 day s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 8/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Re s e mb le s c ommo n c o ld
Low- grade f e ver, h o ar s ene ss , m alai s e,
P haryngeal lymp hadeni tis;
Charac teri st ic whi te/gray p haryngeal m e mb rane
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 9/42
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 10/42
Re sp ira to ry Dr op le ts
Direc t c o n tac t t hr o ugh a carrier
Co n tac t t hr o ugh c o n ta m ina tedar ticle s
TRANSMISSION
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 11/42
S tric t iso la tio n un til two s ucce ss ive nega tive n os e and thr o a t cul ture s are obt ained.
Comp le te b edre st .Wa tch fo r s ign s of re sp ira to ry di st re ss and
obst ruc tio n.
P r ov ide fo r hu m idi f ica tio n and s uc tio ning a sneeded ; s e vere ca s e s can lead to s e ps is and dea th.
Dip h theria an tito xin & an tib iot ic s are ad m ini st ered
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 12/42
` DT aP Vaccine - Th e dip hth eria, te tanus and per tussisvaccine is one of th e c h ildh ood immuniza tions th a t doc torsin th e Uni ted S ta tes recommend begin during infancy. Th evaccine consis ts of a series of five s h o ts, typically
adminis tered in th e arm or th igh , and is given to c h ildren a t ages:
` 2 mo n th s` 4 mo n th s`
6 mo n th s` 12 to 18 mo n th s` 4 to 6 year s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 13/42
PERTUSSIS PERTUSSIS (Whooping Cough) (Whooping Cough)
INCUBATION PERIOD:5 ± 21 days, usually 10 days
bacterium Bordetella pertussis
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 14/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
Upp er re sp ira to ry in f ec tio n fo r 1 ± 2 w eek s
S e vere c o ugh with high -p itched ³w h oop ing´ so und, e sp ecially a tnigh t, la sts 4 ± 6 w eek s;
Vom iting
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 15/42
DIRECT CONTACT
DROP LET S PRAYCONTAMINATED ARTIC LES
TRANSMISSION
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 16/42
H osp itali za tio n fo r in f an ts; b edre st and hydra tio n
Comp lica tio n s: p neu mo nia, weigh t loss , dehydra tio n, he mo rrhage, hernia, air way obst ruc tio n
Main tain high hu m idi ty and re stf ul en vir o n m en t; s uc tio n
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 17/42
` DT aP Vaccine
`
2 mo n th s` 4 mo n th s` 6 mo n th s` 12 to 18 mo n th s` 4 to 6 year s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 18/42
RUBELLARUBELLA(GERMAN MEASLES) (GERMAN MEASLES) INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
14 ± 21 days
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 19/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE
May b egin with 1-2 day s of m ild f e ver and swo llen, tender lymp h n o de s ,
u s ually in the b ack of t he neck o r b ehind the ear s .A ra s h then b egin s o n the f ace and
sp read s d ow n ward. As it sp read s , itu s ually clear s o n the f ace.
Thi s ra s h is oft en the f ir st s ign of illne ss t ha t a p aren t n ot ice s .
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 20/42
` Severe men tal re tarda tion` D eafness` Blindness (a trop h ic eyes, ca tarac ts and
ch oriore t initis)` Congeni tal h ear t disease and o th er
abnormali ties.
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 21/42
DROP LET S PREAD
CONTACT WITH CONTAMINATEDARTIC LES
TRANSMISSION
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 22/42
` R ubella is typically mild in kids, w h o of ten can becared for a t h ome.
` Fluids` T ylenol or ibuprofen for discomfor t
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 23/42
RUBEOLARUBEOLA(MEASLES) (MEASLES)
INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
10 ± 20 days
Ru b e o la Viru s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 24/42
` S IGN S & S YMPTOM S :
` 4 D ay f e ver ` Malai s e ` 3 C ¶s ± Co ugh, Co ry za (runny n os e) and Co njunc tivitis ( red Eye s )`
Kop lik¶s spots o n b uccal m uc os a` Ery the m a to u s m acul op a p ular ra s h w ith f ace f ir st a ff ec ted ; t urn s
b r ow n a fter 3 day s w hen s ymptoms s u bs ide
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 25/42
Iso la te un til 5 th day ; m ain tain b edre stduring f ir st 3 ± 4 day s .
In st itu te re sp ira to ry p recau tio n s .
An tip yre tic s , di m ligh ts; hu m idi f ier fo r r oom .
Kee p s kin clean and m ain tain hydra tio n.
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 26/42
` MMR Vaccine ± Immuniza tions h o t for measles, mumps, &rubella
` 1 s t s h o t recommended a t 15 -18mon th s
` 2nd
s h o t a t 4-6 years
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 27/42
SCARLET FEVER SCARLET FEVER
INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
2 ± 4 days
S treptococcus pyogenes
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 28/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
H igh f e ver w ith vom iting, chill s , m alai s e, fo llow ed b y enlarged to n s ils c ov ered w ith exuda te
S tra wb erry to ngue
Ra s h -red tiny le s io n s t ha tb ec om e generali zed and then de sq ua m a te ; ra s h a pp ear sw ithin 24 hr s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 29/42
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 30/42
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
An tibio ticsAce taminop h en or ibuprofen to h elp wi th th e fever
and body ac h esD rink warm liquids or cold drinks to ease th e pain of
th e sore th roa t .M ain tain room tempera ture a t 75 -80 degreesD ress pa tien t warmly and comfor tably
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 31/42
MONONUCLEOSIS MONONUCLEOSIS (KISSING·S DISEASE) (KISSING·S DISEASE)
INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
4 ± 6 weeks
Epst ein -Barr viru s (EB V)
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 32/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE Malai s e, f e ver, enlarged lymp h n o de s , so re
thr o a t, f lu -like ache s , low- grade te mp era ture
H ighe st incidence 15 ± 30 year s o ld
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 33/42
DIRECT CONTACT WITH ORA L S ECRETION S
TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 34/42
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Ad vis e f a m ily m e mb er s toa vo id c o n tac t w ith s ali va (cu ps , s ilver ware) fo r a bo u t 3mo n th s
Trea tm en t is re st and g oo d nu tri tio n ; st renu o u s exerci s e
is to b e a vo ided to p re ven tsp leen ru pt ure
Comp lica tio n s include ence p hali tis and sp leen
ru pt ure
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 35/42
MUMPS MUMPS
INCUBATION PERIOD:INCUBATION PERIOD:
14 ± 21 days
Mu mps Viru s
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 36/42
CLINICAL PICTURE CLINICAL PICTURE
Malai s e H eadacheFe ver P ar ot id gland sw elling
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 37/42
NURSING NURSING CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS Iso la tio n un til 9 day s a fter o n s e t of sw elling
S oft , b land die t
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 38/42
MMR Vaccine
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 39/42
Incuba tion Period2 D ays
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 40/42
` Vomi ting` Wa tery diarr h ea for 3 - 8 days` Fever ` A bdominal pain` D e h ydra tion
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 41/42
` IV fluids` T rea t fever wi th T ylenol or Ibuprofen
8/8/2019 Common Communicable Diseases of Childhood
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/common-communicable-diseases-of-childhood 42/42
Rot arix Vaccine