Introduction of Micro-genin Japan

Tatsuo Sakonji

Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. Japan

1

2

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

1975

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

照明・家電・他

給湯

冷房

Transition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sectorJapanese residential sector

r)E

nerg

y co

nsum

ptio

n (M

Jl/ f

amily

/ yea

暖房

Ratio @ FY2002

38％

34％

26％ 2％

Jukankyo Research Institute Inc.

Lighting, etc. Hot water

Heating

Large amount of energy for hot water

Cooling

>Rated power: 1kW class

>Recovered heat used as hot water3

Generation unitHot water supply

Fuel (city gas etc.)

Recovered heat Hot water storage unit including

Electricity (grid connected) backup boiler

WhatWhat’’s residential CHP in Japan?s residential CHP in Japan?

4

Schematic Image of residential CHP Schematic Image of residential CHP for Connectionsfor Connections

Commercial grid power

Electric power from CHP

City gas Hot water

5

)W( 2000 8

utptH

eat u

OH

eat 1500 6

D S

&em

nd and

to

1000

age(r

a 4

(D

emkW

kh/ W

wer 500 2

m h)o

in）P

0 0

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00Time

Power demand Power outputHeat storage

An example of the operationAn example of the operation

Heat demand

[% L

HV

]G

ener

atio

n ef

ficie

ncy

6

70

Gas engine

New gas engine SOFCSOFC (Miller cycle)

Gas turbine

SOFC+GT,STSOFC+GT,ST

GT combined cycleAdvanced GT

ACC

60

50

40

30

20

PEFCPEFC

1 10Generation capacity [kW]

100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

MACC

Nuclear power (ST)

Average efficiency of Japan's thermal power

plants (@demand side) : 41.0% LHV

MicroMicro--gen & CHP in Japangen & CHP in Japan

-GEocr

Mi

7

Gas Engine PEFC SOFCEfficiency 22.5 / 63 37 / 50 45 / 30E / H (%LHV)

Operation Start & stop Start & stop Continuous

Stage Commercial Commercial Field trialwith subsidy

Residential CHPs in JapanResidential CHPs in Japan

PEFC: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

8

Gas engine based residential CHPGas engine based residential CHP

Rated power : 1kW

Efficiency (LHV) :Generation : 22.5 %Heat : 63.0 %Overall : 85.5 %

Manufacturer :Honda (engine unit)Noriz or Chofu (hot water storage unit)

Energy Companies －Market Research－Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－Risk Management

9

ＭＥＴＩ－Policy making and initiative

－Subsidization－Deregulation

－ Codes and Standards

Energy Companies －Market Research－Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance－Risk Management

ＭＥＴＩ－Policy making and initiative

－Subsidization－Deregulation

－ Codes and Standards

Manufacturers－R&D－Production

Customer

Manufacturers－R&D－Production

Customer

Development InitiativeDevelopment Initiative

10

Reference: the New Energy Foundation’s Homepage

Large-scale stationary fuel cell demonstration project

Stationary fuel cell demonstrative research project

Available on the market

First stage:12 units Second stage:33 units

480 777 930 1120units units units units

11 manufacturers5 manufacturers Subsidies for end-users

up to 1.3M Yen

Supportive project by the governmentSupportive project by the governmentfor Residential use PEFCfor Residential use PEFC

JFY 2009 2010

Total subsidy ¥8.3 billion ¥6.8 billion

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② InstallationSubsidy

Listed Price

3,465 K JPYExpense

inc. taxof customer

[ （①－230 KJPY）＋②]×1／2

MAX 1,300 K JPY

① PEFC

GovernmentGovernment’’s support to Fuel Cell buyers (ends support to Fuel Cell buyers (end--users)users)Government’s support to Fuel Cell buyers (end-users)started in 2009, following the demonstration projectstarted in 2009, following the demonstration projectstarted in 2009, following the demonstration project

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FUEL CELL + PV

Grid power PV generation

Fuel cell

Electricity

Heat

On 1st November, a new law came into effect, by which the power companies

The best mixture; Fuel cells compensate the are obliged to buy back the reverse output instability of PV cells. power flow from PV;

at ¥ 48/kWh if only PV panels are installed

at ¥ 39/kWh if another generator is installed along with PV

Natural gas

powerDemandRPF by PV

Power supply by PVPower supply by FC

Combining renewables with FCCombining renewables with FC

RPF

13

Flat tubular Cell

700W(AC) SOFC Unit

by Kyocera

SOFC based residential CHPSOFC based residential CHPHigher electrical efficiencyTarget Electrical Efficiency

:>45%LHV (@ rated power)

14

Yanmar

outputηe

ηtotal

outputηe

ηtotal

ICE based mICE based m--CHP in Japan CHP in Japan

Aisin

６ｋW28.8%85%

Category Output (kW) Hot water Subsidy Storage amount Heat Electricity Capacity (¥)(applica- (applica- (L) tion tion range: (application range: A) B) range: C)

1 A≦5 B<5 120≦C<500 112,000(residential)2 5<A≦15 5≦B<7 120≦C<500 383,000(commercial)3 15<A≦25 7≦B<9 120≦C<500 467,000(commercial)4 15<A≦25 9≦B<10 120≦C<500 635,000(commercial)

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Subsidy for mSubsidy for m--CHPCHP

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Natural Gas Fired ICE for Commercial Use5、6、9.9、25、35kW in Sale（Yanmar, Aisin）ηe＝28.8～34.0％、ηt＝56.2～51%

Actual implementation：3,902 units 42,324kW（as of April 09）

Natural Gas Fired ICE for Residential Use1kW in Sale (Honda) ηe＝22.5％、ηt＝63%

Actual implementation：73,344 units 73,350kW（as of April 09）

Installation of microInstallation of micro--gen in Japangen in Japan

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell（Natural Gas）1kW in Sale （Panasonic etc. e） η ＝37％、ηt＝50%

Actual implementation：1,641units 1,470kW（as of April 09）