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8/14/2019 COMFTF-05 PPT.comparison and Contrast
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COMFTF-05COMFTF-05Comparison andComparison and
ContrastContrast
Dr. David F. Maas
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Comparison and Contrast
Similarities an Differences
Two places
Two persons
Two Ideas
Two Situations resemble or differ fromeach other.
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Comparison and Contrast
Differs from the analogy
Comparison is literal/not figurative
Oranges are compared to oranges rather
than the sun to gold.
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Comparison and Contrast
Generally the writer recognizes three kinds
of purposes for which the comparison and
contrast may be made:
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Comparison and Contrast
Present information about one item relating it to another itemwhich our audience is familiar.
United States Congress
British or Canadian Parliament Israeli Knesset
Knowledge of American Congress helps understandunfamiliar characteristics of the British Parliament
Domestic hog Arkansas razorback
South American Peccary
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Comparison and Contrast
Inform about both items treating them in relationship tosome unifying principle applying to both
Two novels: Conrad: The Secret Sharer /Baldwin:Go Tell It On The Mountain.
Unifying Principle:
Theme
Plot
Imagery
Character,etc.
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Comparison and Contrast
Compare and contrast two items for
purpose of informing about general
principle. Christianity and Buddhism
Christianity and Islam
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Comparison and Contrast
Belief in Deity
A. Islam
B. Christianity
Belief in Afterlife
A. Islam
B. Christianity
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Comparison and Contrast
Approach to God
A. Islam
B. Christianity
Beliefs about punishment and retribution
A. Islam B. Christianity
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Comparison and Contrast
Four Ways of Presenting Material Using
Comparison and Contrast
Fully present one item Fully present other
Make continuous references to points of
comparison and contrast. If 2 points fairly obvious (Pharisee and Publican)
Simple A/Bpattern
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Comparison and Contrast
In the second pattern, we present a part of
one item and then a part of the second in
relation to the corresponding part of the firstitem, until we have touched on all the
relevant parts. This method is most useful
when a great many details are involved.
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Comparison and Contrast
Communism/Capitalism
A1/B1
A2/B2
A3/B3
A4/B4
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Comparison and Contrast
. We may present one item fully, and then, inpresenting the second, refer, part by part, to the firstitem which has been fully developed. In the Bruce
Catton story Grant and Lee, this method oforganization seems to predominate:
A/
B1
B2
B3
B4
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Comparison and Contrast
. In the fourth method, when general principles reinvolved, the writer can move from a statement ofprinciple to the process of comparison and contrast,
or reversing the method, move through the processtoward the principle. In Cattons story, paragraphs14 and 15 illustrate this process.
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Comparison and Contrast
X
A/B Y
A/B
Z
A/B
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Comparison and Contrast
Four Guides for Writing a Paragraph of Comparison
Select as subjects for comparison two or more membersof the same general class. If your purpose is to explain
something unfamiliar, compare it to a well-known thingof its kind.
Example: Well known - U. S. Congress
Less knows - British Parliament
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Comparison and Contrast
Select for specific comparisons the main features (the
main unifying principles) which the two subjects have in
common:
A. Number of Houses
U.S. - 2 Senate / House of Representatives
British - 2 House of Lords / House of Commons
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Comparison and Contrast
B. Membership
U.S. Senate: Geographical Region
House of Representatives: Population Density
British: House of Lords: Nobility
House of Commons: Population Density
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Comparison and Contrast
C. Number of Parties - generally 2
major ones:
U.S. Republican / Democrat
British: Conservative / Labor
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Comparison and Contrast
It is to the writers advantage to integrate
the discussion by comparing the features
one by one. Dont describe the BritishParliament as one topic and the U.S.
Congress as another topic.
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Comparison and Contrast
Point out any characteristics that are
unique in one or the other of the subjects
being compared. For example, in theHouse of Lords, the members (aristocrats)
receive the appointments for life, but they
do not have the power that the U.S. Senatehas.
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Comparison and Contrast
4. Select the arrangement that will provide thehighest degree of coherence and the most appropriateemphasis. Common alternatives include:
A. Grouping together the features that have thegreatest similarities.
B. Then grouping those which have the greatestdifferences.
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Comparison and Contrast
C. Reversing A and B.
D. Discussing those features in
climatic order (from greatest to the least orfrom least to the greatest) regardless of the
amount of resemblance or difference.
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Comparison and Contrast
Possible Topics for Comparison/Contrast
Essay
Magna Carta/Constitution Catholicism/Protestantism
Two People you know
Poor relatives/Rich relatives
Jack Uptight/Joe Downloose
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Comparison and Contrast
Schools for Men (or Women) only/CoedSchools
A students life at home and in a dormitory My mothers temperament / my fathers
temperament
Nicotine/Alcohol
Liberal Arts Education/Scientific Education
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Comparison and Contrast
Comparison/Contrast Guidelines & LessonPlan
Keep in mind that with aComparison/Contrast essay you may eitherfocus on comparing your chosen topic,contrasting them, or both. The choice is
yours.
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Comparison and Contrast
(17) Comparison/Contrast essays can
answer several questions.
Is X better than Y? How are X and Y similar or alike?
How are X and Y different?
How are X and Y both similar anddifferent?
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Comparison and Contrast
Be sure your essay attempts to answer the
above four questions. It is a good idea to
summarily express the answer to thequestions of your choice as your thesis
statement.
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Comparison and Contrast
Keep These Points in Mind
Only similar items can be compared or contrasted.
The Comparison/Contrast must rest on a clear definite basis
which his best expressed in the thesis. The Comparison/Contrast must show likenesses and difference in
order to make a point.
Both parts of comparison contrast receive roughly equaltreatment-within and among the separate points.
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Comparison and Contrast
The comparison/contrast must be supportedand clarified through examples.
The comparison/contrast must follow eithera block or point-by-point pattern. The key is tobe consistent with the pattern of development.
With Point-by-Point Pattern of
Development, you have the choice of each pointbeing a separate paragraph or having eachcompared/contrasted point combined into a
paragraph
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Comparison and Contrast
With the Block Pattern of
Development, again each separate point
may be its own paragraph, or all of thepoints on each side of the
comparison/contrast may be a single
paragraph.
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Comparison and Contrast
Comparison/Contrast Planning Sheet
1. What two items are being compared
and contrasted in this paper? 2. Who is the audience for this paper?
3. List three to five similarities and three
to five differences in the two items beingcompared and contrasted.
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Comparison and Contrast
Similarities:
Differences
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Comparison and Contrast
4. Write down the order in which the
similarities and differences will be
discussed. 5. Choose one of the two basic
outlining patterns which follows
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Comparison and Contrast
Comparison/Contrast Outlining Formats
Block Format
I. Introduction (Introduce to your audience thetwo subjects being discussed in this piece, giving
any necessary description of the items. Include inyour introduction the bases of comparison/contrast(the unifying principle) by which the items will beanalyzed.
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Comparison and Contrast
II. Body
A. Subject 1
1. Point A
2. Point B
3. Point C
B. Subject 2
1. Point A
2. Point B
3. Point C
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Comparison and Contrast
III. Conclusion (The conclusion
comments on the findings of the analysis,summarizing the main points and
sometimes insinuating the writers bias
based on the findings.)
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Comparison and Contrast
Alternating Block (Point-by-Point)
I. Introduction (Sam as Block Style)
II. Body
A. Point A
1. Subject A
2. Subject B
B. Point B
1. Subject A
2. Subject B
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Comparison and Contrast
C. Point C
1. Subject A
2. Subject B
III. Conclusion (Same as Block Style)